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Nudel A, Abbo S, Kerem Z. Canavanine Content Quantification in Processed Bitter Vetch ( Vicia ervilia) and Its Application as Flour in Breads: An Analysis of Nutritional and Sensory Attributes. Foods 2024; 13:2528. [PMID: 39200455 PMCID: PMC11353478 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia Willd.) is a traditional Mediterranean-West Asian legume, mainly used as livestock feed because of its toxic non-proteinogenic amino acid, canavanine. However, historical sources suggest its past human consumption. Currently, bitter vetch is a minor crop confined to marginal soils in semi-arid regions, presenting a potential alternative protein source amid projected climate changes. This study evaluated the nutritional and sensory attributes of bitter vetch seeds processed through various household methods. Germination and cooking significantly reduced the canavanine content by 28% and 60%, respectively. Incorporating bitter vetch flour (BVF) into wheat bread enhanced protein and fiber contents without substantially altering carbohydrate and lipid levels, and the baking process reduced the canavanine content by 40%. Bitter vetch flour enriched the bread with iron and calcium, contributing significantly to their daily nutritional intakes. Sensory evaluations indicated positive reception for bread with 12% BVF, achieving a balance between nutritional enhancement and consumer acceptance. This study identifies bitter vetch seeds as a valuable resource for improving bread formulations with corrected gluten contents and enhanced protein quality, as measured using protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) values. With strategic processing and formulation adjustments, bitter vetch has the potential to re-emerge as a feasible high-protein grain crop, promoting sustainable farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zohar Kerem
- The Levi Eshkol School of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.N.); (S.A.)
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Peinado-Torrubia P, Álvarez R, Lucas M, Franco-Navarro JD, Durán-Gutiérrez FJ, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Nitrogen assimilation and photorespiration become more efficient under chloride nutrition as a beneficial macronutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1058774. [PMID: 36704154 PMCID: PMC9871469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) are closely related anions involved in plant growth. Their similar physical and chemical properties make them to interact in cellular processes like electrical balance and osmoregulation. Since both anions share transport mechanisms, Cl- has been considered to antagonize NO 3 - uptake and accumulation in plants. However, we have recently demonstrated that Cl- provided at beneficial macronutrient levels improves nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE). Biochemical mechanisms by which beneficial Cl- nutrition improves NUE in plants are poorly understood. First, we determined that Cl- nutrition at beneficial macronutrient levels did not impair the NO 3 - uptake efficiency, maintaining similar NO 3 - content in the root and in the xylem sap. Second, leaf NO 3 - content was significantly reduced by the treatment of 6 mM Cl- in parallel with an increase in NO 3 - utilization and NUE. To verify whether Cl- nutrition reduces leaf NO 3 - accumulation by inducing its assimilation, we analysed the content of N forms and the activity of different enzymes and genes involved in N metabolism. Chloride supply increased transcript accumulation and activity of most enzymes involved in NO 3 - assimilation into amino acids, along with a greater accumulation of organic N (mostly proteins). A reduced glycine/serine ratio and a greater ammonium accumulation pointed to a higher activity of the photorespiration pathway in leaves of Cl--treated plants. Chloride, in turn, promoted higher transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes of the photorespiration pathway. Accordingly, microscopy observations suggested strong interactions between different cellular organelles involved in photorespiration. Therefore, in this work we demonstrate for the first time that the greater NO 3 - utilization and NUE induced by beneficial Cl- nutrition is mainly due to the stimulation of NO 3 - assimilation and photorespiration, possibly favouring the production of ammonia, reductants and intermediates that optimize C-N re-utilization and plant growth. This work demonstrates new Cl- functions and remarks on its relevance as a potential tool to manipulate NUE in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Lucas
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D. Franco-Navarro
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Durán-Gutiérrez
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Colmenero-Flores
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rosales
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Vioque J, Girón-Calle J, Torres-Salas V, Elamine Y, Alaiz M. Characterization of Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) seed proteins, free amino acids, and polyphenols. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13271. [PMID: 32391588 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vicia ervilia is an ancient crop from the Mediterranean Region. It may represent a useful source of proteins for food and animal feed, as well as bioactive components. Seed samples from 39 populations of V. ervilia have been analyzed. Polyphenol contents ranged from 0.09% to 0.19%. Luteolin, kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin were the major aglycones. The total free amino acid content of the seeds was 0.05% to 0.19% in which canavanine represented 9% to 22%. The protein content was 24.1%. The amino acid composition indicated a high content in acidic amino acids and a deficit in sulphur amino acids. V. ervilia seeds proved to be a good substrate for the preparation of protein isolates. The seed extracts inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 colon tumor cells, simultaneously, exerting antioxidative effects. Hence, seeds of V. ervilia could represent a source of high-value food and feed components, as well as functional components. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) (Leguminosae) is an ancient crop from the Mediterranean Region. Although it was still grown in many Mediterranean countries at the beginning of the twentieth century, other crops that provide higher and more consistent yield later replaced it. However, V. ervilia seeds may represent a useful source of proteins for human nutrition and animal feeding, and a source of bioactive components with health-promoting properties. Our results show that the seeds of V. ervilia could, indeed, represent a source of high-value food and feed components, as well as functional, health-promoting components. This may result in a revalorization of this neglected crop. The availability of numerous populations in seed banks guarantees the preservation of a genetic diversity in V. ervilia that could be used for the production of new varieties with better nutritional and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vioque
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julio Girón-Calle
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Verenice Torres-Salas
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Youssef Elamine
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Alaiz
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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Choquechambi LA, Callisaya IR, Ramos A, Bosque H, Mújica A, Jacobsen SE, Sørensen M, Leidi EO. Assessing the Nutritional Value of Root and Tuber Crops from Bolivia and Peru. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110526. [PMID: 31652880 PMCID: PMC6915682 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, there are species which may be considered as neglected or underutilized despite their nutritious properties. At present, such crops contribute to food security in isolated areas by providing energy and nutrients in a diversified diet. Such genetic heritage—improved by ancient cultures—is under threat of losing biodiversity as well as the traditional knowledge associated with their cultivation and usage. Among these species, the Andean root and tuber crops (ARTCs) constitute a valuable resource which should be preserved and popularized because of their food and functional properties. We studied three ARTC species (mashua, arracacha, and yacon) to provide data on their composition, essential for increasing their use globally. We compared their nutritional values with the values of more widely used crops. Important differences in nutrient composition among ARTC landraces were found. Mineral nutrients showed significant differences among species. Considerable variations in the contents of prebiotics like fructooligosaccharides or functional elements (antioxidants and glucosinolates) were found among species and intraspecific samples. Certainly, these species are important assets to complement human nutrition and to secure supply of functional elements for healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A Choquechambi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Ciudad Universitaria, Puno 51, Perú.
| | - Iber Roy Callisaya
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Alvaro Ramos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS-CSIC, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Hugo Bosque
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Angel Mújica
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Ciudad Universitaria, Puno 51, Perú.
| | | | - Marten Sørensen
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS-CSIC, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
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Li S, Li J, Ma X, Liu C, Pang C, Luo J. Highly selective molecular imprinting electrochemiluminescence switch sensor for biotoxin L-canavanine measurement. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Meza MP, Sotelo DP, Hernández MV, Arciria Pico E, Figueredo López S. Viscometric, thermodynamic and theoretical DFT studies of dl-2-aminobutyric acid in aqueous sodium nitrate solutions at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Irakli M, Tsialtas IT, Lazaridou A. Determination of Free and Total Underivatized Amino Acids Including L-Canavanine in Bitter Vetch Seeds Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1444048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irakli
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis T. Tsialtas
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Girón-Calle J, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Characterization of Vicia
(Fabaceae
) seed water extracts with potential immunomodulatory and cell antiproliferative activities. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megías
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Isabel Cortés-Giraldo
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Julio Girón-Calle
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Manuel Alaiz
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Vioque
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
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Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Giron-Calle J, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Free amino acids, including canavanine, in the seeds from 32 Vicia species belonging to subgenus Vicilla. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Girón-Calle J, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Purification of canavanine from the legume Vicia disperma. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Amino Acids in Tea Infusion Coupled to Pre-column Derivatization with 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Rapid and sensitive analysis of 27 underivatized free amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides in fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle using HILIC-UHPLC-QTRAP®/MS2 combined with chemometrics methods. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1589-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Zhai XJ, Chen F, Zhu CR, Lu YN. A simple LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of underivatized neurotransmitters in rats urine: assay development, validation and application in the CUMS rat model. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1737-43. [PMID: 25944269 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-jia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-ran Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
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Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Girón-Calle J, Vioque J, Alaiz M. Determination of β -Cyano-L-alanine, γ -Glutamyl- β -cyano-L-alanine, and Common Free Amino Acids in Vicia sativa (Fabaceae) Seeds by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:409089. [PMID: 25587488 PMCID: PMC4283224 DOI: 10.1155/2014/409089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for determination of β-cyano-L-alanine, γ-glutamyl-β-cyano-L-alanine and other free amino acids in Vicia sativa is presented. Seed extracts were derivatized by reaction with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate and analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Calibration curves showed very good linearity of the response. The limit of detection and quantification was 0.15 and 0.50 μM, respectively. The method has high intra- (RSD = 0.28-0.31%) and interrepeatability (RSD = 2.76-3.08%) and remarkable accuracy with a 99% recovery in spiked samples. The method is very easy to carry out and allows for ready analysis of large number of samples using very basic HPLC equipment because the derivatized samples are very stable and have very good chromatographic properties. The method has been applied to the determination of γ-glutamyl-β-cyano-L-alanine, β-cyano-L-alanine, and common free amino acids in eight wild populations of V. sativa from southwestern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megías
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Cortés-Giraldo
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julio Girón-Calle
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Vioque
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Alaiz
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- *Manuel Alaiz:
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