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Sadeghi A, Rajabiyan A, Nabizade N, Meygoli Nezhad N, Zarei-Ahmady A. Seaweed-derived phenolic compounds as diverse bioactive molecules: A review on identification, application, extraction and purification strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131147. [PMID: 38537857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed, a diverse group of marine macroalgae, has emerged as a rich source of bioactive compounds with numerous health-promoting properties. Among these, phenolic compounds have garnered significant attention for their diverse therapeutic applications. This review examines the methodologies employed in the extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from seaweed, emphasizing their importance in unlocking the full potential of these oceanic treasures. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity and biological activities of seaweed-derived phenolics, elucidating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, it explores the impact of extraction techniques, including conventional methods and modern green technologies, on the yield and quality of phenolic extracts. The purification strategies for isolating specific phenolic compounds are also discussed, shedding light on the challenges and advancements in this field. Additionally, the review highlights the potential applications of seaweed-derived phenolics in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods, underscoring the economic value of these compounds. Finally, future perspectives and research directions are proposed to encourage continued exploration of seaweed phenolics, fostering a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential and promoting sustainable practices in the extraction and purification processes. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in harnessing the untapped potential of phenolic compounds from seaweed for the betterment of human health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Rajabiyan
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nafise Nabizade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Najme Meygoli Nezhad
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Amanollah Zarei-Ahmady
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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De Bhowmick G, Hayes M. Potential of Seaweeds to Mitigate Production of Greenhouse Gases during Production of Ruminant Proteins. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200145. [PMID: 37205931 PMCID: PMC10190624 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential of seaweed to mitigate methane is real and studies with red seaweeds have found reductions in methane produced from ruminants fed red seaweeds in the region of 60-90% where the active compound responsible for this is bromoform. Other studies with brown and green seaweeds have observed reductions in methane production of between 20 and 45% in vitro and 10% in vivo. Benefits of feeding seaweeds to ruminants are seaweed specific and animal species-dependent. In some instances, positive effects on milk production and performance are observed where selected seaweeds are fed to ruminants while other studies note reductions in performance traits. A balance between reducing methane and maintaining animal health and food quality is necessary. Seaweeds are a source of essential amino acids and minerals however, and offer huge potential for use as feeds for animal health maintenance once formulations and doses are correctly prepared and administered. A negative aspect of seaweed use for animal feed currently is the cost associated with wild harvest and indeed aquaculture production and improvements must be made here if seaweed ingredients are to be used as a solution to control methane production from ruminants for continued production of animal/ruminant sourced proteins in the future. This review collates information concerning different seaweeds and how they and their constituents can reduce methane from ruminants and ensure sustainable production of ruminant proteins in an environmentally beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldy De Bhowmick
- Food BioSciences DepartmentTeagasc Food Research CentreAshtownDublin 15D15 KN3KIreland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences DepartmentTeagasc Food Research CentreAshtownDublin 15D15 KN3KIreland
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Biodegradable fish gelatin/chitosan-based active films alter chill-stored golden pomfret (Trachinotus blochii) metabolites mainly through modulating four metabolic pathways. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Erpel F, Camilo C, Mateos R, Ricardo Pérez-Correa J. A macroporous resin purification process to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Chilean brown seaweeds: An UHPLC-MS n profiling. Food Chem 2023; 402:134472. [PMID: 36303384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient macroporous resin purification process was designed to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts from the seaweeds Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata. Phlorotannins were profiled to relate structures with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied for tentative identification. The best phlorotannin purification performance was achieved with HP-20 resin and elution with 80% v/v ethanol. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectivity of HP-20 resin for removing potentially toxic elements (As, Cd) from seaweed extracts. Fucols/phlorethols/fucophlorethols isomers up to 4 phloroglucinol units (PGU) were the most representative phlorotannins. High molecular weight species (11-21 PGU), although in low abundances, were detected in D. incurvata for the first time. Eckols, carmalols, fuhalols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were also detected. Some extracts' potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were related to their high phlorotannin abundances, the presence of phlorotannins of a high degree of polymerization, and the phlorotannins class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - J Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Castillo A, Celeiro M, Lores M, Grgić K, Banožić M, Jerković I, Jokić S. Bioprospecting of Targeted Phenolic Compounds of Dictyota dichotoma, Gongolaria barbata, Ericaria amentacea, Sargassum hornschuchii and Ellisolandia elongata from the Adriatic Sea Extracted by Two Green Methods. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:97. [PMID: 36827138 PMCID: PMC9962685 DOI: 10.3390/md21020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of bioactive compounds in four brown and one red algae from the Adriatic Sea (Dictyota dichotoma, Gongolaria barbata, Ericaria amentacea, Sargassum hornschuchii and Ellisolandia elongata) is explored. The efficiency of two different extraction methods viz. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to obtain the extracts rich in phenolic compounds was compared. The effect of the extraction solvent to modulate the phenolic profile was assessed. In general, the mixture ethanol/water in an isovolumetric proportion showed the best results. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), as well as the individual polyphenolic profile, were evaluated for five target algae. TPC values ranged between 0.2 mg GAE/g (for E. elongata) and 38 mg GAE/g (for S. hornschuchii). Regarding the quantification of individual polyphenols by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the presence of a high number of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (mainly of 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) in all species was noted. In G. barbata their concentrations reached up to 500 mg/kg. IC50 values (ABTS assay) ranged between 44 mg/L (for S. hornschuchii) and 11,040 mg/L (for E. elongata). This work contributes to the in-depth characterization of these little-explored algae, showing their potential as a natural source of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Castillo
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- LIDSA, Departmesnt of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kristina Grgić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Banožić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Catarino MD, Pires SMG, Silva S, Costa F, Braga SS, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Overview of Phlorotannins' Constituents in Fucales. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:754. [PMID: 36547901 PMCID: PMC9786115 DOI: 10.3390/md20120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucales are an order within the Phaeophyceae that include most of the common littoral seaweeds in temperate and subtropical coastal regions. Many species of this order have long been a part of human culture with applications as food, feedand remedies in folk medicine. Apart from their high nutritional value, these seaweeds are also a well-known reservoir of multiple bioactive compounds with great industrial interest. Among them, phlorotannins, a unique and diverse class of brown algae-exclusive phenolics, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous potential health benefits. However, due to their complex structural features, combined with the scarcity of standards, it poses a great challenge to the identification and characterization of these compounds, at least with the technology currently available. Nevertheless, much effort has been taken towards the elucidation of the structural features of phlorotannins, which have resulted in relevant insights into the chemistry of these compounds. In this context, this review addresses the major contributions and technological advances in the field of phlorotannins extraction and characterization, with a particular focus on Fucales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia M G Pires
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Costa
- School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana S Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Guo L. A Bioactive Substance Derived from Brown Seaweeds: Phlorotannins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:742. [PMID: 36547889 PMCID: PMC9785976 DOI: 10.3390/md20120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper reviews the research progress of extraction, separation technology and biological activity of phlorotannins, which will help the scientific community investigate the greater biological significance of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Wekre ME, Hellesen Brunvoll S, Jordheim M. Advancing quantification methods for polyphenols in brown seaweeds-applying a selective qNMR method compared with the TPC assay. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1099-1110. [PMID: 35796295 PMCID: PMC9796469 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown seaweeds are a sustainable biomass with a potential for various industrial applications. Polyphenols are an important contributor to this potential. OBJECTIVE The aim was total quantification of polyphenols in brown seaweeds from different tidal zones, using a selective 1 H quantitative NMR (qNMR) method, comparing the results with the colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu total phenolic content (TPC) assay. METHOD qNMR was performed with integration of selected peaks in the aromatic region (7-5.5 ppm). Deselection of non-polyphenolic 1 H signals was based on information from 2D (1 H-13 C, 1 H-15 N) NMR spectra. 13 C NMR phlorotannin characterisation facilitated the average number of protons expected to be found per aromatic ring used for the 1 H quantification. RESULTS Selective qNMR and the TPC assay showed similar results for the three sublittoral growing species from the Laminariaceae; lower amounts for Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria digitata (qNMR: 0.4%-0.6%; TPC: 0.6%-0.8%, phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE), dry weight (DW)) and higher amounts for Saccharina latissima (qNMR: 1.2%; TPC: 1.5%, PGE, DW). For the eulittoral Fucaceae, Fucus vesiculosus (qNMR: 1.1%; TPC: 4.1%; PGE, DW) and Ascophyllum nodosum (qNMR: 0.9%; TPC: 2.0%; PGE, DW), the TPC results were found to be up to three times higher than the qNMR results. The 13 C NMR characterisation showed the highest phlorotannin polymerisation degree for F. vesiculosus. CONCLUSION The TPC assay provided similar polyphenolic amounts to the selective qNMR method for sublittoral species. For eulittoral growing species, the TPC method showed amounts up to three times higher than the qNMR method-most likely illustrating the lack of selectivity in the TPC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Emilie Wekre
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Alginor ASAHaugesundNorway
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Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Goettert MI, Pedrosa R. Saccorhiza polyschides-A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations. Molecules 2022; 27:6496. [PMID: 36235032 PMCID: PMC9573298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge about the harmful effects caused by some synthetic ingredients present in skincare products has led to an extensive search for natural bioactives. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dermatological potential of five fractions (F1-F5), obtained by a sequential extraction procedure, from the brown seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides. The antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC and TPC), anti-enzymatic (collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase), antimicrobial (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia furfur), anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10) and photoprotective (reactive oxygen species) properties of all fractions were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) displayed the highest antioxidant and photoprotective capacity, reducing ROS levels in UVA/B-exposed 3T3 fibroblasts, and the highest anti-enzymatic capacity against tyrosinase (IC50 value: 89.1 µg/mL). The solid water-insoluble fraction (F5) revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against C. acnes growth (IC50 value: 12.4 µg/mL). Furthermore, all fractions demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharides. Chemical analysis of the S. polyschides fractions by NMR revealed the presence of different classes of compounds, including lipids, polyphenols and sugars. The results highlight the potential of S. polyschides to be incorporated into new nature-based skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE/ARNET, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal
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De La Fuente G, Pinteus S, Silva J, Alves C, Pedrosa R. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six Fucoids from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5568-5575. [PMID: 35439330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD In recent years, research on the bioactive properties of macroalgae has increased, due to the great interest in exploring new products that can contribute to improve human health and wellbeing. In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six different brown algae of the Fucales order were evaluated, namely Ericaria selaginoides, Ericaria amentacea, Gongolaria baccata, Gongolaria usneoides, Cystoseira compressa and Sargassum vulgare (collected along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts). The antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and were related to the total phenolic content (TPC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated measuring the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. RESULTS The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained for Ericaria selaginoides revealing the highest capacity to scavenge DPPH radical [half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) = 27.02 μg mL-1 ], highest FRAP (1761.19 μmol FeSO4 equivalents g-1 extract), high ORAC (138.92 μmol TE g-1 extract), alongside to its high TPC (121.5 GAE g-1 extract). This species also reported the highest antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) = 268 μg mL-1 ]. CONCLUSIONS Among all studied seaweed, Ericaria selaginoides reveals the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and thus should be explored as a natural food additive and/or functional ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina De La Fuente
- DiSTAV - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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11
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NMR-based metabolomic investigation on antimicrobial mechanism of Salmonella on cucumber slices treated with organic acids. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Kaushalya KGD, Gunathilake KDPP. Encapsulation of phlorotannins from edible brown seaweed in chitosan: Effect of fortification on bioactivity and stability in functional foods. Food Chem 2022; 377:132012. [PMID: 34998154 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a family of proven therapeutic agents. However, low stability disturbs their full bioactivity expression in the human body. Hence, this study focused on preserving their vitality through encapsulation. Phlorotannins isolated from Sargassum ilicifolium were encapsulated in the chitosan-tripolyphosphate carrier. Their storage stability, processing stability, and bioactivity retention upon in vitro digestion were determined. Results revealed the highest total phlorotannin content (TPC) of 854.38 ± 48 mg Phloroglucinol Equivalence/g in the semi-purified ethyl acetate fraction while the NMR spectrum and the LCMS profile revealed the isolation of phlorotannins in it. Storage at -18℃ and 4℃ temperatures preserved thrice both the encapsulated and non-encapsulated phlorotannins than ambient conditions. Encapsulated compound reported 56.4% of TPC retention at 175 ℃ processing temperature. Fermented fraction of encapsulated form showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activities and TPC (0.23 ± 0.03 mg/mL) suggesting the potential for targeted delivery of phlorotannins to their absorption sites through encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G D Kaushalya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
| | - K D P P Gunathilake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka.
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Besednova NN, Andryukov BG, Zaporozhets TS, Kuznetsova TA, Kryzhanovsky SP, Ermakova SP, Galkina IV, Shchelkanov MY. Molecular Targets of Brown Algae Phlorotannins for the Therapy of Inflammatory Processes of Various Origins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:243. [PMID: 35447916 PMCID: PMC9025421 DOI: 10.3390/md20040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions are part of a complex biological response that plays a vital role in the appearance of various stimuli resulting from tissue and cell damage, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and the formation of the subsequent adaptive immune response. The production of many triggers and mediators of inflammation, which are inducers of pro-inflammatory factors, is controlled by numerous differentiation programs, through which inflammation is resolved and tissue homeostasis is restored. However, prolonged inflammatory responses or dysregulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms can lead to chronic inflammation. Modern advances in biotechnology have made it possible to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity of phlorotannins, polyphenolic compounds from brown seaweed, and the mechanisms by which they modulate the inflammatory response. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the results of numerous experimental in vitro and in vivo studies, illustrating the regulatory mechanisms of these compounds, which have a wide range of biological effects on the body. The results of these studies and the need for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N. Besednova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Galkina
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center, Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
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14
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Kumar LRG, Paul PT, Anas KK, Tejpal CS, Chatterjee NS, Anupama TK, Mathew S, Ravishankar CN. Phlorotannins-bioactivity and extraction perspectives. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022; 34:2173-2185. [PMID: 35601997 PMCID: PMC9112266 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-022-02749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, a seaweed based class of polyphenolic compounds, have proven to possess potential bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, neuroprotection etc. These bioactivities have further increased demand globally and sustainable techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, extraction using deep eutectic solvents etc. are being explored currently for production of phlorotannin-rich extracts. In spite of such well documented bioactivities, very few phlorotannin-based nutraceuticals are available commercially which highlights the significance of generating consumer awareness about their physiological benefits. However, for industry level commercialization accurate quantification of phlorotannins with respect to the different classes is vital requiring sophisticated analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectroscopy etc. owing to the wide structural diversity. This review summarizes the extraction and bioactivities of phlorotannins based on the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R. G. Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - Preethy Treesa Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - K. K. Anas
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. S. Tejpal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - N. S. Chatterjee
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - T. K. Anupama
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Veraval Research Centre, Veraval, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. N. Ravishankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
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15
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Okeke ES, Nweze EJ, Chibuogwu CC, Anaduaka EG, Chukwudozie KI, Ezeorba TPC. Aquatic Phlorotannins and Human Health: Bioavailability, Toxicity, and Future Prospects. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211056144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemists and pharmacognosists have relied on terrestrial sources for bioactive phytochemicals to manage and treat disease conditions. However, minimal interest is given to sea life, especially macroalgae and their inherent phytochemical reserves. Phlorotannins are a special class of phytochemicals mainly predominant in brown algae of marine and estuarine habitats. Phlorotannins are formed through the polymerization of phloroglucinol residues and derivatives via the polyketide (acetate–malonate) pathway. Studies over the past decades have implicated phlorotannins with several bioactivities, including anti-herbivory, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, radio-protective, adipogenic, anti-allergic, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) properties. All these activities are reflected in their applications as nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical agents. This article reviews the chemical composition of phlorotannins, their biological roles, and their applications. Moreover, very few studies on phlorotannin bioavailability, safety, and toxicity have been thoroughly reviewed. The paper concludes by suggesting exciting research questions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, P.R. China
- Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Tong T, Liu X, Yu C. Extraction and Nano-Sized Delivery Systems for Phlorotannins to Improve Its Bioavailability and Bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:625. [PMID: 34822496 PMCID: PMC8622035 DOI: 10.3390/md19110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an informative summary of studies on extraction and nanoencapsulation of phlorotannins to improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. The origin, structure, and different types of phlorotannins were briefly discussed, and the extraction/purification/characterization methods for phlorotannins were reviewed, with a focus on techniques to improve the bioactivities and bioavailability of phlorotannins via nano-sized delivery systems. Phlorotannins are promising natural polyphenol compounds that have displayed high bioactivities in several areas: anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antioxidant. This review aims to provide a useful reference for researchers working on developing better utilization strategies for phlorotannins as pharmaceuticals, therapeuticals, and functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Tong
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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17
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Jégou C, Connan S, Bihannic I, Cérantola S, Guérard F, Stiger-Pouvreau V. Phlorotannin and Pigment Content of Native Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae Species Living in Intertidal Rockpools in Brittany (France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:504. [PMID: 34564166 PMCID: PMC8469379 DOI: 10.3390/md19090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five native Sargassaceae species from Brittany (France) living in rockpools were surveyed over time to investigate photoprotective strategies according to their tidal position. We gave evidences for the existence of a species distribution between pools along the shore, with the most dense and smallest individuals in the highest pools. Pigment contents were higher in lower pools, suggesting a photo-adaptive process by which the decreasing light irradiance toward the low shore was compensated by a high production of pigments to ensure efficient photosynthesis. Conversely, no xanthophyll cycle-related photoprotective mechanism was highlighted because high levels of zeaxanthin rarely occurred in the upper shore. Phlorotannins were not involved in photoprotection either; only some lower-shore species exhibited a seasonal trend in phlorotannin levels. The structural complexity of phlorotannins appears more to be a taxonomic than an ecological feature: Ericaria produced simple phloroglucinol while Cystoseira and Gongolaria species exhibited polymers. Consequently, tide pools could be considered as light-protected areas on the intertidal zone, in comparison with the exposed emerged substrata where photoprotective mechanisms are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jégou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM) EA 3884, Université de Brest, 6 Rue de l’université, F-29334 Quimper, France;
| | - Solène Connan
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Isabelle Bihannic
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Fabienne Guérard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
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18
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Almeida B, Barroso S, Ferreira ASD, Adão P, Mendes S, Gil MM. Seasonal Evaluation of Phlorotannin-Enriched Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Fucus spiralis. Molecules 2021; 26:4287. [PMID: 34299561 PMCID: PMC8304218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucus spiralis that was collected in the four seasons was submitted to an extraction with ethanol:water (crude extracts Et80), followed by a liquid-liquid fractionation with organic solvents (fraction He from n-hexane; aqueous fractions AQ1, AQ2, AQ3 and AQ4; ethyl acetate fraction EA), with the aim of obtaining phlorotannin-enriched extracts. All the extracts (Et80, He, AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4 and EA) that were obtained for the F. spiralis of the four seasons were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds. The summer extracts presented the highest contents in polyphenols (TPC), as well as the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), when compared to the samples from the other seasons. The reductive percentage of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) compound was similar between the seasons. For all the seasons, the EA extract showed the highest polyphenol content (TPC), and the highest antioxidant capacity (highest ferric reducing power (FRAP) and lowest concentration needed to reduce 50% of the DPPH compound), which is in agreement with a phlorotannin-enriched fraction. This study revealed that the polyphenol content and antioxidant power of the F. spiralis extracts are influenced by the time of harvest, as well as by the solvents used for their extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Almeida
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (B.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Sónia Barroso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (B.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Ana S. D. Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Adão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (B.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Maria M. Gil
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.M.G.)
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19
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Hsiao HH, Wu TC, Tsai YH, Kuo CH, Huang RH, Hong YH, Huang CY. Effect of Oversulfation on the Composition, Structure, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Fucoidans Extracted from Sargassum aquifolium. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:215. [PMID: 33921340 PMCID: PMC8069878 DOI: 10.3390/md19040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chiu Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Ren-Han Huang
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Emergency Department, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan North Rd., Taipei City 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, Yanchao Campus, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
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20
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Ferreira CAM, Félix R, Félix C, Januário AP, Alves N, Novais SC, Dias JR, Lemos MFL. A Biorefinery Approach to the Biomass of the Seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey Suringar, 1873): Obtaining Phlorotannins-Enriched Extracts for Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 33808694 PMCID: PMC8003497 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are recognized sources of compounds with a wide range of properties and applications. Within these compounds, phlorotannins are known to possess several bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial) with potential to improve wound healing. To obtain phlorotannins enriched extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, a biorefinery was set using low-cost industry-friendly methodologies, such as sequential solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. The obtained extracts were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against five common wound pathogens and for their anti-inflammatory potential. The ethanolic wash fraction (wE100) had the highest antioxidant activity (114.61 ± 10.04 mmol·mg-1 extract by Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 6.56 ± 1.13 mM eq. Fe II·mg-1 extract by and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)), acting efficiently against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and showing a nitric oxide production inhibition over 47% when used at 0.01 µg·mL-1. NMR and FTIR chemical characterization suggested that phlorotannins are present. Obtained fraction wE100 proved to be a promising candidate for further inclusion as wound healing agents, while the remaining fractions analyzed are potential sources for other biotechnological applications, giving emphasis to a biorefinery and circular economy framework to add value to this seaweed and the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A. M. Ferreira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
- CDRSP—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Politécnico de Leiria, 2030-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (N.A.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Adriana P. Januário
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Politécnico de Leiria, 2030-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (N.A.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Sara C. Novais
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Juliana R. Dias
- CDRSP—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Politécnico de Leiria, 2030-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (N.A.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2050-641 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.M.F.); (R.F.); (C.F.); (A.P.J.); (S.C.N.)
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21
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Kord A, Foudil-Cherif Y, Amiali M, Boumechhour A, Benfares R. Phlorotannins Composition, Radical Scavenging Capacity and Reducing Power of Phenolics from the Brown Alga Cystoseira sauvageauana. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.1895392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Affaf Kord
- National Center for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture, CNRDPA, Bou-Ismail, Algeria
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yazid Foudil-Cherif
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Malek Amiali
- Agronomic Higher National School, Laboratory of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, ENSA, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdenour Boumechhour
- Center for Technical and Scientific Research in Physical-Chemical Analysis, CRAPC, Bou-Ismail, Algeria
| | - Redhouane Benfares
- National Center for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture, CNRDPA, Bou-Ismail, Algeria
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22
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Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pinteus S, Mouga T, Goettert MI, Petrovski Ž, Branco LB, Pedrosa R. Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 33671016 PMCID: PMC7997182 DOI: 10.3390/md19030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1-F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Teresa Mouga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Márcia Ines Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil;
| | - Željko Petrovski
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Luís B. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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23
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Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/md19030135
expr 985274223 + 856008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1–F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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24
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Erpel F, Mateos R, Pérez-Jiménez J, Pérez-Correa JR. Phlorotannins: From isolation and structural characterization, to the evaluation of their antidiabetic and anticancer potential. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109589. [PMID: 33233195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are phenolic characteristic compounds of brown seaweeds that are only constituted by phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). They are chain- and net-like structures of diverse molecular weights and have been widely identified in Ecklonia, Eisenia, and Ishige species. Since the time they were discovered in the '70 s, phlorotannins have been suggested as a main factor responsible for the antimicrobial activities attributed to algae extracts. Currently, cumulative in vitro and in vivo research evidence the diverse bioactivities of phlorotannin extracts -such as antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial- pointing out their potential pharmacological and food applications. However, metabolomic studies and clinical trials are scarce, and thus many phlorotannins health-beneficial effects in humans are not yet confirmed. This article reviews recent studies assessing the antidiabetic and anticancer activities of phlorotannins. Particularly, their potential to prevent and control the progression of these non-communicable diseases is discussed, considering in vitro and animal studies, as well as clinical interventions. In contrast to other approaches, we only included investigations with isolated phlorotannins or phlorotannin-rich extracts. Thus, phlorotannin extraction, purification and characterization procedures are briefly addressed. Overall, although considerable research showing the antidiabetic and anticancer potential of phlorotannins is now available, further clinical trials are still necessary to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of these compounds as adjuvants for diabetes and cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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25
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Jimenez-Lopez C, Pereira AG, Lourenço-Lopes C, Garcia-Oliveira P, Cassani L, Fraga-Corral M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Main bioactive phenolic compounds in marine algae and their mechanisms of action supporting potential health benefits. Food Chem 2020; 341:128262. [PMID: 33038800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the growing tendency of consumers to choose products with natural ingredients, food industries have directed scientific research in this direction. In this regard, algae are an attractive option for the research, since they can synthesize a group of secondary metabolites, called phenolic compounds, associated with really promising properties and bioactivities. The objective of this work was to classify the major phenolic compounds, compare the effectiveness of the different extractive techniques used for their extraction, from traditional systems (like heat assisted extraction) to the most advance ones (such as ultrasound, microwave or supercritical fluid extraction); the available methods for identification and quantification; the stability of the enriched extract in phenolic compounds and the main bioactivities described for these secondary metabolites, to offer an overview of the situation to consider if it is possible and/or convenient an orientation of phenolic compounds from algae towards an industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - A G Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - C Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - P Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - L Cassani
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, RA7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - J Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Wu TC, Hong YH, Tsai YH, Hsieh SL, Huang RH, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Degradation of Sargassum crassifolium Fucoidan by Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide, and Compositional, Structural, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Analyses of the Degradation Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E334. [PMID: 32604764 PMCID: PMC7345171 DOI: 10.3390/md18060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans possess multiple biological functions including anti-cancer activity. Moreover, low-molecular-weight fucoidans are reported to possess more bioactivities than native fucoidans. In the present study, a native fucoidan (SC) was extracted from Sargassum crassifolium pretreated by single-screw extrusion, and three degraded fucoidans, namely, SCA (degradation of SC by ascorbic acid), SCH (degradation of SC by hydrogen peroxide), and SCAH (degradation of SC by ascorbic acid + hydrogen peroxide), were produced. The extrusion pretreatment can increase the extraction yield of fucoidan by approximately 4.2-fold as compared to the non-extruded sample. Among SC, SCA, SCH, and SCAH, the chemical compositions varied but structural features were similar. SC, SCA, SCH, and SCAH showed apoptotic effects on human lung carcinoma A-549 cells, as illustrated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) expression, increased cytochrome c release, increased active caspase-9 and -3, and increased late apoptosis of A-549 cells. In general, SCA was found to exhibit high cytotoxicity to A-549 cells and a strong ability to suppress Bcl-2 expression. SCA also showed high efficacy to induce cytochrome c release, activate caspase-9 and -3, and promote late apoptosis of A-549 cells. Therefore, our data suggest that SCA could have an adjuvant therapeutic potential in the treatment of lung cancer. Additionally, we explored that the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in SC-, SCA-, SCH-, and SCAH-induced apoptosis of A-549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chiu Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Ren-Han Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi District, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
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Moussa H, Quezada E, Viña D, Riadi H, Gil-Longo J. Redox-Active Phenolic Compounds Mediate the Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Effects of Carpodesmia tamariscifolia (=Cystoseira tamariscifolia). Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000121. [PMID: 32374938 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carpodesmia tamariscifolia is a brown alga rich in (poly)phenols with important cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. However, the relationship between its chemical composition and its effects is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the potential compounds and mechanisms responsible for its main effects. The alga was extracted consecutively with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol and further fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel columns when appropriate. The fractions were subjected to thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and evaluated for their total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), cytotoxic activity (MTT assay on the SH-SY5Y cell line), and ability to generate H2 O2 (Amplex Red assay). Chromatographic and phenolic analyses of the fractions indicate that abundant redox-active phenols are present in all the fractions and that a high amount of prenylated hydroquinone derivatives is present in the apolar ones. In the hexane and dichloromethane fractions, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities are closely related to their phenolic content, whereas in the methanol fractions, the cytotoxicity is negatively related to the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity is positively related to it. In the same tests, hydroquinone behaves as both strong cytotoxic and antioxidant agent. H2 O2 assay shows that C. tamariscifolia fractions and hydroquinone can autoxidize and generate H2 O2 . Our results suggest that redox-active phenols produce the pharmacological effects described for C. tamariscifolia and that the hydroquinone moiety of prenylated hydroquinone derivatives is responsible for both cytotoxic (through a pro-oxidant mechanism secondary to its autoxidation) and antioxidant effects of the apolar fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Moussa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Present adress, Applied Phycology-Mycology Group (PMA), Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, 93030, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Elías Quezada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Farmacología de las Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hassane Riadi
- Applied Phycology-Mycology Group (PMA), Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, 93030, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - José Gil-Longo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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28
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Ford L, Stratakos AC, Theodoridou K, Dick JTA, Sheldrake GN, Linton M, Corcionivoschi N, Walsh PJ. Polyphenols from Brown Seaweeds as a Potential Antimicrobial Agent in Animal Feeds. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9093-9103. [PMID: 32363261 PMCID: PMC7191560 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds offer a natural source of antimicrobials that may help curb antibiotic resistance in livestock. The antibacterial activity of phlorotannin extracts isolated from two brown seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus serratus was tested. The mechanism of action of phlorotannin extracts against Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella agona, and Streptococcus suis was elucidated by observing cell membrane permeability and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The two extracts were effective at killing three foodborne pathogens without negatively affecting the pig intestinal cells. A. nodosum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range for the different pathogens was between 1.56 and 0.78 mg/mL, whereas F. serratus was 3.13 mg/mL for all pathogens tested. A. nodosum was found to be much more potent compared to F. serratus. The difference in potency in the seaweeds may be a result of the phlorotannins' structural linkages. The antimicrobial properties of the seaweed extracts tested may provide alternative and complementary treatments to antibiotics and zinc oxide in animal feeds. The seasonal screening was performed on both species to assess the availability of phenolics throughout the year using two quantification methods, the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The variation between the methods highlights the challenges involved in the quantification of complex phenolic structures. However, both methods show that the phenolics are subject to seasonal variation, which may prove problematic to the animal feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ford
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- Centre
for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Katerina Theodoridou
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Jaimie T. A. Dick
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Gary N. Sheldrake
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Mark Linton
- Veterinary
Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences
Institute, Bacteriology Branch, 12 Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Veterinary
Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences
Institute, Bacteriology Branch, 12 Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Pamela J. Walsh
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K.
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29
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Santos SAO, Félix R, Pais ACS, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E847. [PMID: 31835386 PMCID: PMC6995553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- On Leave MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Adriana C. S. Pais
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- QOPNA/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
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30
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Wekre ME, Kåsin K, Underhaug J, Holmelid B, Jordheim M. Quantification of Polyphenols in Seaweeds: A Case Study of Ulva intestinalis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120612. [PMID: 31816918 PMCID: PMC6943488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case study, we explored quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR), HPLC-DAD, and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (TPC) as methods of quantifying the total phenolic content of a green macroalga, Ulva intestinalis, after optimized accelerated solvent extraction. Tentative qualitative data was also acquired after multiple steps of purification. The observed polyphenolic profile was complex with low individual concentrations. The qNMR method yielded 5.5% (DW) polyphenols in the crude extract, whereas HPLC-DAD and TPC assay yielded 1.1% (DW) and 0.4% (DW) respectively, using gallic acid as the reference in all methods. Based on the LC-MS observations of extracts and fractions, an average molar mass of 330 g/mol and an average of 4 aromatic hydrogens in each spin system was chosen for optimized qNMR calculations. Compared to the parallel numbers using gallic acid as the standard (170 g/mol, 2 aromatic H), the optimized parameters resulted in a similar qNMR result (5.3%, DW). The different results for the different methods highlight the difficulties with total polyphenolic quantification. All of the methods contain assumptions and uncertainties, and for complex samples with lower concentrations, this will be of special importance. Thus, further optimization of the extraction, identification, and quantification of polyphenols in marine algae must be researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Emilie Wekre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Alginor ASA, Haraldsgata 162, N-5525 Haugesund, Norway
| | - Karoline Kåsin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Science, Universitetstunet 3, N-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jarl Underhaug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjarte Holmelid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Jordheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55-58-35-48
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31
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Felline S, Del Coco L, Kaleb S, Guarnieri G, Fraschetti S, Terlizzi A, Fanizzi FP, Falace A. The response of the algae Fucus virsoides (Fucales, Ochrophyta) to Roundup® solution exposure: A metabolomics approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112977. [PMID: 31377326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, as a broad-spectrum herbicide, is frequently detected in water and several studies have investigated its effects on several freshwater aquatic organisms. Yet, only few investigations have been performed on marine macroalgae. Here, we studied both the metabolomics responses and the effect on primary production in the endemic brown algae Fucus virsoides exposed to different concentration (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg L-1) of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide, namely Roundup®. Our results show that Roundup® significantly reduced quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm) and caused alteration in the metabolomic profiles of exposed thalli compared to controls. Together with the decrease in the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), an increase in shikimate content was detected. The branched-amino acids differently varied according to levels of herbicide exposure, as well as observed for the content of choline, formate, glucose, malonate and fumarate. Our results suggest that marine primary producers could be largely affected by the agricultural land use, this asking for further studies addressing the ecosystem-level effects of glyphosate-based herbicides in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Felline
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - L Del Coco
- Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Kaleb
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Guarnieri
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Fraschetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80926, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - F P Fanizzi
- Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Ford L, Theodoridou K, Sheldrake GN, Walsh PJ. A critical review of analytical methods used for the chemical characterisation and quantification of phlorotannin compounds in brown seaweeds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:587-599. [PMID: 31250488 PMCID: PMC6852508 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phlorotannins, the phenolic compounds found in brown seaweeds, are a unique and diverse class of compounds showing a huge potential for food and pharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVE This review will give an account of the colorimetric assays used and a discussion of their quantitative and qualitative analytical shortcomings. It will also discuss other more complex and modern analytical chemistry methods that are currently being developed to study phlorotannins. The purpose of this review is to increase awareness of these bioactive compounds and promote further development of robust analytical methods for use in biology, food science, pharmacology and biomedical and cosmeceutical sciences. RESULTS Whilst the biological activity and huge commercial potential of the phlorotannins has been widely reported throughout the literature, the chemical structures and reactivity of these compounds is still not well understood. The phlorotannin content of seaweed is usually characterised using colorimetric assays. However, although these methods give a reasonable overall estimation of the total phenolic content, they lack precision and specificity. CONCLUSION This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used colorimetric assays. Novel techniques are highlighted using more selective chemistry to identify this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ford
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Gary N. Sheldrake
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Pamela J. Walsh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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Jacobsen C, Sørensen ADM, Holdt SL, Akoh CC, Hermund DB. Source, Extraction, Characterization, and Applications of Novel Antioxidants from Seaweed. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:541-568. [PMID: 30673506 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Driven by a general demand for clean labels on food and cosmetic products, these industries are currently searching for efficient natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants. Seaweed contains several compounds with antioxidative properties (phlorotannins, pigments, tocopherols, and polysaccharides). It is possible to extract these compounds via different extraction techniques, which are discussed in this review. Among the abovementioned compounds, phlorotannins are probably the most important in terms of the antioxidative potential of seaweed extracts. We review how the different antioxidative compounds can be characterized. We discuss the current knowledge of the relationship between phlorotannin's structure and antioxidant properties in in vitro studies as well as in food systems. Concerning food systems, most studies on the antioxidative effect of seaweed extracts have been performed with extracts prepared from Fucus vesiculosus, despite the fact that this species is less available than other species, such as Ascophyllum nodosum, which also has high phlorotannin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jacobsen
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Ann-Dorit M Sørensen
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Susan L Holdt
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Casimir C Akoh
- Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Ditte B Hermund
- Research Group for Bioactives-Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
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Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
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Huang CY, Kuo CH, Chen PW. Compressional-Puffing Pretreatment Enhances Neuroprotective Effects of Fucoidans from the Brown Seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Molecules 2017; 23:E78. [PMID: 29286349 PMCID: PMC6017888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a compressional-puffing process (CPP) was used to pretreat Sargassum hemiphyllum (SH) and then fucoidan was extracted from SH by hot water. Three fucoidan extracts, namely SH1 (puffing at 0 kg/cm²); SH2 (puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²); and SH3 (puffing at 10.0 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their compositions and biological activities were evaluated. The results indicate that CPP increased the extraction yield, total sugar content, and molar ratios of sulfate/fucose of fucoidan and decreased molecular weight and impurities of fucoidan. The SH1-SH3 extracts exhibited characteristics of fucoidan as demonstrated by the analyses of composition, FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weight. All SH1-SH3 extracts showed antioxidant activities. The SH1-SH3 extracts protected SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis as illustrated by cell cycle distribution, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and DNA fragmentation analyses. Additional experiments revealed that phosphorylation of Akt is involved in the opposing effects of SH1-SH3 on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. SH3 exhibited a relatively high extraction yield, the lowest levels of impurities, and was the most effective at reversing the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells among SH1-SH3, which taken together indicate that it may have potential as a candidate therapeutic agent for the preventive therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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Corona G, Coman MM, Guo Y, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation on polyphenolic content and bioactivity of brown seaweed phlorotannin-rich extracts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28718977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Unlike other classes of polyphenols, there is a lack of knowledge regarding brown seaweed phlorotannins and their bioactivity. We investigated the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on the bioactivity of a seaweed phlorotannin extract from Ascophyllum nodosum and its high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest phlorotannin and total polyphenol (TP) concentration was observed in the HMW fraction. Antioxidant capacity broadly followed phlorotannin and TP levels, with HMW having the highest activity. Both gastrointestinal digestion (GID) and colonic fermentation (CF) significantly affected phlorotannin and TP levels, and antioxidant capacity of the extract and fractions. Despite this, in HT-29 cells, all GID extracts significantly inhibit cell growth, whereas CF extracts effectively counteracted H2 O2 induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Although phlorotannins, TP levels and antioxidant power of the extracts were strongly reduced after in vitro digestion and fermentation, their anti-genotoxic activity and cell growth inhibitory effect in colon HT-29 cells was maintained and enhanced. HMW was the most effective fraction, indicating that the high molecular weight phlorotannins potentially exert a stronger beneficial effect in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd. Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, County Cork, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Gabbia D, Dall'Acqua S, Di Gangi IM, Bogialli S, Caputi V, Albertoni L, Marsilio I, Paccagnella N, Carrara M, Giron MC, De Martin S. The Phytocomplex from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum Controls Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in a Mouse Model of NASH. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E41. [PMID: 28212301 PMCID: PMC5334621 DOI: 10.3390/md15020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible seaweeds have been consumed by Asian coastal communities since ancient times. Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum extracts have been traditionally used for the treatment of obesity and several gastrointestinal diseases. We evaluated the ability of extracts obtained from these algae to inhibit the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro, and control postprandial plasma glucose levels in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); a liver disease often preceding the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This model was obtained by the administration of a high-fat diet. Our results demonstrate that these algae only delayed and reduced the peak of blood glucose (p < 0.05) in mice fed with normal diet, without changing the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC). In the model of NASH, the phytocomplex was able to reduce both the postprandial glycaemic peak, and the AUC. The administration of the extract in a diet particularly rich in fat is associated with a delay in carbohydrate digestion, but also with a decrease in its assimilation. In conclusion, our results indicate that this algal extract may be useful in the control of carbohydrate digestion and absorption. This effect may be therapeutically exploited to prevent the transition of NASH to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Nicola Paccagnella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Corona G, Ji Y, Anegboonlap P, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Gastrointestinal modifications and bioavailability of brown seaweed phlorotannins and effects on inflammatory markers. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1240-53. [PMID: 26879487 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds such as Ascophyllum nodosum are a rich source of phlorotannins (oligomers and polymers of phloroglucinol units), a class of polyphenols that are unique to Phaeophyceae. At present, there is no information on the bioavailability of seaweed polyphenols and limited evidence on their bioactivity in vivo. Consequently, we investigated the gastrointestinal modifications in vitro of seaweed phlorotannins from A. nodosum and their bioavailability and effect on inflammatory markers in healthy participants. In vitro, some phlorotannin oligomers were identified after digestion and colonic fermentation. In addition, seven metabolites corresponding to in vitro-absorbed metabolites were identified. Urine and plasma samples contained a variety of metabolites attributed to both unconjugated and conjugated metabolites (glucuronides and/or sulphates). In both urine and plasma, the majority of the metabolites were found in samples collected at late time points (6-24 h), suggesting colonic metabolism of high-molecular-weight phlorotannins, with three phlorotannin oligomers (hydroxytrifuhalol A, 7-hydroxyeckol, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol) identified in urine samples. A significant increase of the cytokine IL-8 was also observed. Our study shows for the first time that seaweed phlorotannins are metabolised and absorbed, predominantly in the large intestine, and there is a large inter-individual variation in their metabolic profile. Three phlorotannin oligomers present in the capsule are excreted in urine. Our study is the first investigation of the metabolism and bioavailability of seaweed phlorotannins and the role of colonic biotransformation. In addition, IL-8 is a possible target for phlorotannin bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- 1Health Sciences Research Centre,University of Roehampton,London SW15 4JD,UK
| | - Yang Ji
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Prapaporn Anegboonlap
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- 3CyberColloids Ltd, Carrigaline Industrial Estate,Carrigaline,County Cork P43 VR72,Republic of Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- 4Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health,University of Ulster,Coleraine BT52 1AA,UK
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
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