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Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Paszkiewicz M, Caban M, Fares MY, Dogan A, Garrigues S, Manousi N, Kalogiouri N, Nowak PM, Samanidou VF, de la Guardia M. Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Dispersive solid-phase extraction facilitated by newly developed, fully 3D-printed device. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Yu J, Wang Q, Khattak KN, Yang X. Determination of pyrethroids in water samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10813. [PMID: 36440628 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A metal-organic framework UiO-66 was prepared and used as a sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (DSPE-HPLC) for extracting and determining four pyrethroids in water samples for the first time. The as-synthesized material was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. In addition, several important parameters affecting DSPE efficiency, including sorbent dosage, extraction time, salt concentration, pH, elution solvent, elution volume, and elution time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the UiO-66 based on the DSPE-HPLC method displayed a wide linear range (10-1000 ng/ml), low limits of detection (2.8-3.5 ng/ml), and good precision (relative standard deviations [RSDs] < 3%) for the four pyrethroids. The recoveries at different spiked levels ranged from 89.3% to 107.7%. In addition, UiO-66 featured good reusability and reproducibility. The results demonstrated that π-π stacking interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces between UiO-66 and the four pyrethroids played a crucial role in the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the maximum extraction capability could be obtained within 5 min. Thus, the DSPE coupled with the UiO-66 sorbent can be successfully used in the analysis of four pyrethroids in environmental water samples. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Simultaneous determination of four pyrethroids using the developed UiO-66-based DSPE-HPLC method in water samples. The developed method had a short enrichment time, broad linear ranges, a low detection limit, and high enrichment factor. It is showed that π-π stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces were the main mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Nanchong City Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Nanchong, China
| | - Qingying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Kashif Nawaz Khattak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Development of in-situ produced CO2 switchable fatty acid microextraction based solidification of floating organic droplet for quantification of morin and quercetin in tea, vegetable and fruit juice samples by HPLC. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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El-Nouby MAM, Badawy MEI, Marei AESM. Performance evaluation of functionalized chitosan-siloxane nano-sorbents for pesticides extraction and removal from aqueous samples. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 6:44. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Xu Q, Liu Z, Yan C, Lu R, Zhou W. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate-functionalised magnetic poly β-cyclodextrin for magnetic solid-phase extraction ofpyrethroids from tea infusions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1743-1754. [PMID: 34237240 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1943004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel sorbent, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate functionalised magnetic poly β-cyclodextrin, was successfully synthesised and applied to magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination of pyrethroids in tea infusions. The sorbent was characterised by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement. All factors affecting extraction efficiency, such as sorbent amount, extraction time, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were optimised individually. Under the chosen conditions, wide linearity (2.5-500 μg L-1) with determination coefficients ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999, low limits of detection of 0.32-0.54 μg L-1 and good precision (intra-day: 2.6-7.0%; inter-day: 3.5-7.6%) were achieved for four pyrethroids in tea infusions. The relative recoveries of target analytes in real tea infusion samples were from 70% to 101% with relative standard deviations lower than 9.1%. We conclude that the proposed method is promising in the detection of pyrethroids in tea infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lasarte-Aragonés G, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction-One Decade of Developments. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246053. [PMID: 33371453 PMCID: PMC7767422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive microextraction techniques are key in the analytical sample treatment context as they combine a favored thermodynamics and kinetics isolation of the target analytes from the sample matrix. The dispersion of the extractant in the form of tiny particles or drops, depending on the technique, into the sample enlarges the contact surface area between phases, thus enhancing the mass transference. This dispersion can be achieved by applying external energy sources, the use of chemicals, or the combination of both strategies. Effervescence-assisted microextraction emerged in 2011 as a new alternative in this context. The technique uses in situ-generated carbon dioxide as the disperser, and it has been successfully applied in the solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction fields. This minireview explains the main fundamentals of the technique, its potential and the main developments reported.
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Pacheco-Fernández I, Taima-Mancera I, Díaz JHA, Pino V. Evolution and current advances in sorbent-based microextraction configurations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Lv Y, Bai H, He Y, Yang J, Ouyang Z, Ma Q. Accelerated air-assisted in-syringe extraction and needle spray ionization coupled with miniature mass spectrometry: A streamlined platform for rapid on-site analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1136:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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García-Valverde M, Soriano M, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Cotton fibers functionalized with β-cyclodextrins as selectivity enhancer for the direct infusion mass spectrometric determination of cocaine and methamphetamine in saliva samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1126:133-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Niu M, Li Z, He W, Zhou W, Lu R, Li J, Gao H, Zhang S, Pan C. Attapulgite modified magnetic metal-organic frameworks for magnetic solid phase extraction and determinations of benzoylurea insecticides in tea infusions. Food Chem 2020; 317:126425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Xu Q, Qiao K, Yan C, Liu Z, Lu R, Zhou W. Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on a graphene/polydopamine composite for the detection of pyrethroids in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3115-3122. [PMID: 32930171 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, rapid, precise, and environmentally friendly microextraction named dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on a graphene/polydopamine composite as a sorbent was investigated for the analysis of four pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, etofenprox and bifenthrin) in water samples. The graphene/polydopamine composite was successfully synthesized using a one-step method, and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The simplicity and rapidity of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction and the high surface area and adsorptivity of the graphene/polydopamine composite were combined in the proposed method. Several main parameters, including the amount of the sorbent, extraction time, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were independently optimized and the results were compared to find the best extraction setup for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity was observed for all the target analytes, with the coefficient of determination ranging from 0.9997 to 0.9999. The extraction recoveries obtained using the proposed method ranged from 76.81% to 85.29%, and the limits of detection varied from 1.5 to 3 μg L-1. In addition, the relative standard deviation values for the intra-day precision were between 0.41% and 3.00%, while the inter-day precision showed relative standard deviation values ranging from 1.61% to 5.59%. Overall, the figures of merit of the entire procedure showed that this technique could produce satisfactory results in the detection of pyrethroids in water samples or other organic pollutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kexin Qiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zikai Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Farajzadeh MA, Mohebbi A, Fouladvand H, Mogaddam MRA. A new and facile method for preparation of amorphous carbon nanoparticles and their application as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of some pesticides from fruit juices. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Yang X, Mi Y, Liu F, Li J, Gao H, Zhang S, Zhou W, Lu R. Preparation of magnetic attapulgite/polypyrrole nanocomposites for magnetic effervescence‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction of pyrethroids from honey samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2419-2428. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yiduo Mi
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied ChemistryChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
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15
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Zhang R, Tan Z, Zhao J, Wen Y, Fan S, Liu C. Determination of pyrethroid residues in herbal tea using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by high performance liquid chromatography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4709. [PMID: 32170197 PMCID: PMC7070011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and effective method for determining five pyrethroid residues in herbal tea by ultrasound-enhanced temperature-controlled (UETC) ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed. The use of ultrasonication and heating improved the ability of the ionic liquid to extract the analytes. Various parameters that affect the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized using single factor experiments and response surface design. The optimum conditions of the experiment were 121 µL of [HMIM][PF6] (extraction solvent), 794 µL of acetonitrile (dispersive solvent), a heating temperature of 40°C, a sonication time of 3.6 min and a pH of 2.9. Under optimized conditions, the linearity was in the range of 0.05–5 mg L−1 with correlation coefficients above 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.25–1.35 µg L−1 and 5 µg L−1, respectively. The mean recoveries of the five pyrethroids ranged from 74.02% to 109.01%, with RSDs below 9.04%. The proposed method was reliable for the analysis of pyrethroids in Chinese herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenchao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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16
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Nasiri M, Ahmadzadeh H, Amiri A. Sample preparation and extraction methods for pesticides in aquatic environments: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Gentili A. Cyclodextrin-based sorbents for solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1609:460654. [PMID: 31679713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodestrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides well-known for their ability to form host-guest inclusion complexes with properly sized compounds. They have been used for decades as chiral selectors as well as drug delivery systems within the frameworks of separation science and pharmaceutical science. More recently, their use has been extended to the field of extractive science under the stimulus of additional advantageous characteristics, such as low-price, negligible environmental impact, non-toxicity, as arising from the fact that natural CDs are starch degradation products. To abate their solubility in water and generate novel sorbents for solid phase extraction, the following approaches have been employed: (i) immobilization onto inert materials (silica, attapulgite, etc.); (ii) immobilization onto nanomaterials (magnetic nanoparticles, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, etc.); (iii) polymerisation with specific cross-linkers to form the so-called CD-based nanosponges. Particularly promising are these last ones for their selectivity, mesoporous structure, insolubility in aqueous media and good dispersibility. This review offers a concise overview on the state of art and future prospects of CDs in this important sector of the analytical chemistry, offering a critical perspective of the most significant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le A. Moro n° 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Xue J, Zhu X, Wu X, Shi T, Zhang D, Hua R. Self-acidity induced effervescence and manual shaking-assisted microextraction of neonicotinoid insecticides in orange juice. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2993-3001. [PMID: 31301158 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction that combines self-induced acid-base effervescent reaction and manual shaking, coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous determination of ten neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites in orange juice. An innovative aspect of this method was the utilization of the acidity of the juice for a self-reaction between acidic components contained in the juice sample and added sodium carbonate which generated carbon dioxide bubbles in situ, accelerating the analytes transfer to the extractant of 1-undecanol. The total acid content of juice sample was measured to produce the maximum amount of bubbles with minimum usage of carbonate. Manual shaking was subsequently adopted and was proven to enhance the extraction efficiency. The factors affecting the performance, including the type and the amount of the carbon dioxide source and extractant, and ionic strength were optimized. Compared with conventional methods, this approach exhibited low limits of detection (0.001-0.1 µg/L), good recoveries (86.2-103.6%), high enrichment factors (25-50), and negligible matrix effects (-12.3-13.7%). The proposed method was demonstrated to provide a rapid, practical, and environmentally friendly procedure due to no acid reagent, toxic solvent, or external energy requirement, giving rise to potential application on other high acid-content matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
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Yamini Y, Safari M. Magnetic Zink-based metal organic framework as advance and recyclable adsorbent for the extraction of trace pyrethroids. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Liu X, Liu C, Qian H, Qu Y, Zhang S, Lu R, Gao H, Zhou W. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the preconcentration of pyrethroid insecticides prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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22
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Asfaram A, Sadeghi H, Goudarzi A, Panahi Kokhdan E, Salehpour Z. Ultrasound combined with manganese-oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for extraction and pre-concentration of thymol and carvacrol in methanolic extracts of Thymus daenensis, Salvia officinalis, Stachys pilifera, Satureja khuzistanica, and mentha, and water samples. Analyst 2019; 144:1923-1934. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) technique was developed using manganese-oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (Mn3O4-NPs-AC) as an effective sorbent combined with ultrasound for the extraction and determination of a trace amount of thymol and carvacrol in methanolic extracts of Thymus daenensis, Salvia officinalis, Stachys pilifera, Satureja khuzistanica and mentha, and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
- Yasuj
- Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
- Yasuj
- Iran
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Golestan University
- Gorgan 49188-88369
- Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Salehpour
- Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
- Yasuj
- Iran
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23
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Xue J, Zhang D, Wu X, Pan D, Shi T, Hua R. Simultaneous determination of neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites in rice by dispersive solid–liquid microextraction based on an in situ acid–base effervescent reaction and solidification of a floating organic droplet. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:315-327. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Hexafluoroisopropanol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of pyrethroids in tea beverages and fruit juices. Food Chem 2018; 274:891-899. [PMID: 30373025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are liquid at room temperature and have high density (>1.4 g mL-1), were synthesized using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as hydrogen-bond donor and l-carnitine/betaine as hydrogen-bond acceptor. Then these hydrophobic DESs were used as extraction solvents to establish dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method for extraction of pyrethroids. The DES extraction phase was in the bottom after DLLME, being easy to be collected for analysis. After optimization by one-variable-at-a-time and response surface methodology, the enrichment factors of 265-360 were achieved for five pyrethroids. The proposed DLLME method coupled with HPLC has good performance: linear ranges of 0.25/0.5/1-100/200/400 ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9990), limits of detection of 0.06-0.17 ng mL-1, relative recoveries of 85.1-109.4%, intra-day and inter-day RSDs below 7.5%. The novel DLLME method is simple, rapid, highly efficient and eco-friendly for extraction of pyrethroids in real tea beverages and fruit juices.
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Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang L. Three-dimensional hollow porous raspberry-like hierarchical Co/Ni@carbon microspheres for magnetic solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:437. [PMID: 30167956 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional magnetic hollow porous raspberry-like hierarchical Co/Ni@carbon microspheres (3D Co/Ni@carbon) were synthesized by using a bimetal-organic framework (Co/Ni-MOF) as a precursor and subsequent calcination under nitrogen. The 3D Co/Ni@carbon is a novel solid phase extractant that displays outstanding extraction capability and separation efficiency for the pyrethroid pesticides ethofenprox and bifenthrin. This is ascribed to the beneficial effects of facile analyte transport (due to the presence of free pores), the abundant number of adsorption sites (which warrant efficient extraction), and the excellent structural stability of the material. The 3D Co/Ni@carbon was applied to dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (d-MSPE), and the two pyrethroids were quantified by HPLC (UV detection wavelength: 220 nm). The method has a high preconcentration factor (937-1012) and give recoveries that range between 85.6-106.9%, with RSDs (for n = 5) of <6% in case of real samples. Graphical abstract The hierarchical porous Co/Ni@carbon microsphere as adsorbent was fabricated, and it showed high extraction efficiency for two pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xianqi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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26
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Ma K, Zhang M, Miao S, Gu X, Li N, Cui S, Yang J. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of pyrethroid pesticides in environmental water samples with CoFe2
O4
-embedded porous graphitic carbon nanocomposites. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3441-3448. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Meixing Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Shengchao Miao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Nan Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Shihai Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
- Nanjing Lvshiyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co. LTD; Nanjing China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
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27
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Ionic liquid-type surfactant modified attapulgite as a novel and efficient dispersive solid phase material for fast determination of pyrethroids in tea drinks. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1089:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Abidi H, Javadian H, Zoladl M, Sadeghfar F. Synthesis of Fe 3O 4@CuS@Ni 2P-CNTs magnetic nanocomposite for sonochemical-assisted sorption and pre-concentration of trace Allura Red from aqueous samples prior to HPLC-UV detection: CCD-RSM design. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:240-250. [PMID: 29680609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple procedure based on ultrasound-assisted (UA) dispersive micro solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) was applied for sorption of trace amount Allura Red (AR) in fruit juice and water samples. After loading process by UA-D-μ-SPE, the concentrated AR was eluted and monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet -visible detector (HPLC-UV). The best operational conditions were obtained as follows: pH = 3.0, 8 mg of the sorbent, sonication time of 4.5 min and 0.16 mL of THF as elution solvent. Under the optimum operational conditions, the present method was acceptable for AR quantification in the range of 1.0-5000 ng mL-1. The repeatability based on RSD with the amount of 1.67-3.18%, low LOD (0.198 ng mL-1) and LOQ (0.659 ng mL-1) were obtained. The UA-D-μ-SPE-HPLC-UV method was successfully applied for trace quantification of AR from water and commercial fruit juice samples supplied from local supermarkets, and acceptable relative recoveries over the range of 97.7-105.4% with RSDs ≤5.50% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Zoladl
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fardin Sadeghfar
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
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29
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Gao YL, Sun P. Determination of five pyrethroid pesticides residue in liquid milk by gas chromatography using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as dispersion solid phase extraction sorbent. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. L. Gao
- Testing Centre, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
- Mudanjiang Food and Bio·Technology Innovation Institute, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Mudanjiang, 157000, P.R. China
- ,Test Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection of Processed Agricultural Products in Department of Agriculture, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - P. Sun
- Testing Centre, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
- ,Test Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection of Processed Agricultural Products in Department of Agriculture, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
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30
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In-syringe solid-phase extraction for on-site sampling of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1009:48-55. [PMID: 29422131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
On-site sampling is an analytical approach that can ensure the accuracy of monitoring data and enhance the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. In the present work, an in-syringe solid-phase extraction (SPE) device was designed for on-site sampling of trace contaminants in environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Template assisted freeze casting followed by hydrazine vapor reduction approach was used to synthesize a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel (HPGA), which was used as the sorbent in the in-syringe SPE device. Environmental degradable pyrethroids were selected as the model analytes. Owing to the large specific surface area and hydrophobicity of HPGA, the target molecules could be completely extracted during one aspirating/dispensing cycle. The analytes were stable on the sorbent for at least 72 h when the device was stored under airtight and light-free conditions, and were not affected by the pH value of sample solution. All results demonstrated that the device could meet the requirements of on-site sampling. For practical application, the limits of detection were found to be in the range of 0.012-0.11 ng mL-1 under the optimized conditions, and satisfactory recoveries in the range of 65.7-105.9% were obtained for the analysis of real samples. The results of this study demonstrate the immense potential of HPGA for the enrichment of trace environmental pollutants, and meanwhile promote the application of the in-syringe SPE technique as a promising candidate for on-site sampling.
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31
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An effervescence tablet-assisted switchable solvent-based microextraction: On-site preconcentration of steroid hormones in water samples followed by HPLC-UV determination. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Chen H, Gao G, Chai Y, Ma G, Hao Z, Wang C, Liu X, Lu C. Multiresidue Method for the Rapid Determination of Pesticide Residues in Tea Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and In-Syringe Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5917-5927. [PMID: 30023756 PMCID: PMC6044959 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method based on in-syringe dispersive solid phase extraction (IS-D-SPE) and ultra performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry for the multiresidue analysis of 117 pesticides in tea was developed. Full scan mode was acquired over an m/z range of 100-800 with Orbitrap resolution at 70000, followed by full scan/dd-MS2 mode for confirmation. The identification criteria of retention time and mass accuracy tolerance was ±0.20 min and ±5.0 ppm, respectively. MS/MS fragment ions obtained dd-MS2 were necessary to identify the pesticides with the same molecular mass weight. The IS-D-SPE technique involved a mixture of 200 mg PSA, 100 mg C18, and 15 mg multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the cleanup of tea matrix. Good linearity (R2 > 0.99) for 117 pesticides was obtained. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 70-120% were obtained for 105 pesticides, while intraday and interday precisions were below 20%. Limits of quantification were generally 10 μg kg-1. Finally, this method was employed to analyze 117 pesticides in 70 tea samples.
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33
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Zeng H, Yang X, Yang M, Wu X, Zhou W, Zhang S, Lu R, Li J, Gao H. Ultrasound-assisted, hybrid ionic liquid, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of insecticides in fruit juices based on partition coefficients. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3513-3521. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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34
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Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids and pyrethrins by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4787-4799. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Carbon nanotube-polymer composite for effervescent pipette tip solid phase microextraction of alkaloids and flavonoids from Epimedii herba in biological samples. Talanta 2017; 162:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Wu X, Yang M, Zeng H, Xi X, Zhang S, Lu R, Gao H, Zhou W. Effervescence-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction using ionic-liquid-modified magnetic β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for fungicide detection in honey and juice. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4422-4428. [PMID: 27670749 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple effervescence-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction method was developed to detect fungicides in honey and juice. Most significantly, an innovative ionic-liquid-modified magnetic β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite sorbent was used because its large specific surface area enhanced the extraction capacity and also led to facile separation. A one-factor-at-a-time approach and orthogonal design were employed to optimize the experimental parameters. Under the optimized conditions, the entire extraction procedure was completed within 3 min. In addition, the calibration curves exhibited good linearity, and high enrichment factors were achieved for pure water and honey samples. For the honey samples, the extraction efficiencies for the target fungicides ranged from 77.0 to 94.3% with relative standard deviations of 2.3-5.44%. The detection and quantitation limits were in the ranges of 0.07-0.38 and 0.23-1.27 μg/L, respectively. Finally, the developed technique was successfully applied to real samples, and satisfactory results were achieved. This analytical technique is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and time-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhe Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Xi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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37
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Centrifuge-less dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction base on the solidification of switchable solvent for rapid on-site extraction of four pyrethroid insecticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1472:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Preparation of core-shell magnetic molecular imprinted polymer with binary monomer for the fast and selective extraction of bisphenol A from milk. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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