1
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Liu W, Liu F, Che A, Chen Y, Cai J, Liu W, Jing G, Li W, Yu J. Investigation of low-temperature partitioning with dispersive solid-phase extraction for quantification of pesticides in apples followed by electrospray-ionization mobility spectrometry: Comparison with conventional procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124014. [PMID: 38306956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has a promising application prospect in food surveillance. However, due to the complexity of food matrix and trace levels of pesticide residues, the effective and rapid detection of pesticides by IMS has been a challenge, especially when using electrospray ionization (ESI) as an ion source. In this study, low-temperature partitioning with dispersive solid-phase extraction (LTP-dSPE) was explored and compared with conventional procedures. Both methods were validated for the quantification of eight pesticides in apples, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02-0.12 mg/kg for LTP-dSPE and 0.02-0.09 mg/kg for conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE), lower than those usually stipulated by government legislation in food matrices. For LTP-dSPE, the matrx effect (ME) ranged from -16.3 to -68.6 %, lower than that for the SPE method, ranging from -70.0 to -92.9 %. The results showed satisfactory efficiency and precision, with recovery values ranging from 67.9 to 115.4 % for LTP-dSPE and from 62.0 to 114.8 % for conventional SPE, with relative standard deviations below 13.0 %. Notably, the proposed LTP-dSPE/ESI-IMS has been shown to be more cost-effective, easier to use, more environment-friendly, more accessible, and, most importantly, less matrix effect than the conventional method, thereby being suitably applicable to a wide range of food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Anyi Che
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guoxing Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Wenshan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jianna Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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2
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Ude F, Schumann A, Telgheder U. Non-destructive, solvent-free quantification of wood preservatives in wood flour and wooden objects using GC-DTIMS. Talanta 2024; 268:125331. [PMID: 37918250 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative on-site detection methods for wood preservatives are of high value for the recycling industry and the occupational health and safety. Wood preservatives revealed as toxic to human and environment after decades of use. For the detection of contaminated wood and for processing of matured timber to particle boards a versatile detection method is needed. Especially historical wooden objects were treated with preservatives like pentachlorophenol, lindane or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This requires a non-destructive on-site detection method, that does not require specialized personnel. In this publication two methods are presented utilizing headspace sampling by solid-phase microextraction, subsequent separation using gas chromatography and detection by a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (SPME-HS-GC-DTIMS). One method enables the quantitative detection of pentachlorophenol in wood flour and wood chips as they are used in wood processing industries. A limit of detection of 0.1 mg/kg was achieved using DIN 32645, which can be even more lowered. The second method enables non-destructive detection of pentachlorophenol, lindane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and other preservatives in wooden objects. Therefore, samples were prepared, which show a significantly lower concentration than typical treated objects, and used next to real samples for method validation. With the method contamination of the real samples and of the prepared samples of low concentration were proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ude
- Schumann Analytics, Grimsehlstraße 62, Einbeck, 37574, Lower Saxony, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Achim Schumann
- Schumann Analytics, Grimsehlstraße 62, Einbeck, 37574, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ursula Telgheder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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3
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Udomkun P, Boonupara T, Sumitsawan S, Khan E, Pongpichan S, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides-Deep Diving into Sampling and Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:883. [PMID: 37999535 PMCID: PMC10674914 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The escalating utilization of pesticides has led to pronounced environmental contamination, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems. The extensive and persistent global application of these chemicals has been linked to a spectrum of acute and chronic human health concerns. This review paper focuses on the concentrations of airborne pesticides in both indoor and outdoor environments. The collection of diverse pesticide compounds from the atmosphere is examined, with a particular emphasis on active and passive air sampling techniques. Furthermore, a critical evaluation is conducted on the methodologies employed for the extraction and subsequent quantification of airborne pesticides. This analysis takes into consideration the complexities involved in ensuring accurate measurements, highlighting the advancements and limitations of current practices. By synthesizing these aspects, this review aims to foster a more comprehensive and informed comprehension of the intricate dynamics related to the presence and measurement of airborne pesticides. This, in turn, is poised to significantly contribute to the refinement of environmental monitoring strategies and the augmentation of precise risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Sulak Sumitsawan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA;
| | - Siwatt Pongpichan
- NIDA Center for Research and Development of Disaster Prevention and Management, Graduate School of Social Development and Management Strategy, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
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4
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Boonupara T, Udomkun P, Khan E, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides from Agricultural Practices: A Critical Review of Pathways, Influencing Factors, and Human Health Implications. TOXICS 2023; 11:858. [PMID: 37888709 PMCID: PMC10611335 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This critical review examines the release of pesticides from agricultural practices into the air, with a focus on volatilization, and the factors influencing their dispersion. The review delves into the effects of airborne pesticides on human health and their contribution to anthropogenic air pollution. It highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary research encompassing science, technology, public policy, and agricultural practices to effectively mitigate the risks associated with pesticide volatilization and spray dispersion. The text acknowledges the need for more research to understand the fate and transport of airborne pesticides, develop innovative application technologies, improve predictive modeling and risk assessment, and adopt sustainable pest management strategies. Robust policies and regulations, supported by education, training, research, and development, are crucial to ensuring the safe and sustainable use of pesticides for human health and the environment. By providing valuable insights, this review aids researchers and practitioners in devising effective and sustainable solutions for safeguarding human health and the environment from the hazards of airborne pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
| | - Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
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5
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Ilbeigi V, Valadbeigi Y, Moravsky L, Matejčík Š. Formic Acid as a Dopant for Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Negative Polarity of Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2051-2060. [PMID: 37498108 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (FA) is introduced as a potent dopant for atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) for ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS). The mechanism of chemical ionization with the FA dopant was studied in the negative polarity using a corona discharge (CD)-IMS-MS technique in air. Standard reactant ions of the negative polarity present in air are O2-·(CO2)n·(H2O)m (m = 0, 1 and n = 1, 2) clusters. Introduction of the FA dopant resulted in the production of HCOO-·FA reactant ions. The effect of the FA dopant on the APCI of different classes of compounds was investigated, including plant hormones, pesticides, acidic drugs, and explosives. FA dopant APCI resulted in deprotonation and/or adduct ion formation, [M - H]- and [M + HCOO]-, respectively. Supporting density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the ionization mechanism depended on the gas-phase acidity of the compounds. FA dopant APCI led to the improvement of detection sensitivity, suppression of fragmentation, and changes in the ion mobilities of the analyte ions for analytes with suitable molecular structures and gas acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ilbeigi
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818 Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ladislav Moravsky
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Moura PC, Raposo M, Vassilenko V. Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: A review. Biomed J 2023; 46:100623. [PMID: 37336362 PMCID: PMC10339195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and abnormal/pathological status of physiological processes in the human organism can be characterized through Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted in breath. Recently, a wide range of volatile analytes has risen as biomarkers. These compounds have been addressed in the scientific and medical communities as an extremely valuable metabolic window. Once collected and analysed, VOCs can represent a tool for a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, and painless diagnosis of several diseases and health conditions. These biomarkers are released by exhaled breath, urine, faeces, skin, and several other ways, at trace concentration levels, usually in the ppbv (μg/L) range. For this reason, the analytical techniques applied for detecting and clinically exploiting the VOCs are extremely important. The present work reviews the most promising results in the field of breath biomarkers and the most common methods of detection of VOCs. A total of 16 pathologies and the respective database of compounds are addressed. An updated version of the VOCs biomarkers database can be consulted at: https://neomeditec.com/VOCdatabase/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Catalão Moura
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal.
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Al-Alam J, Sonnette A, Delhomme O, Alleman LY, Coddeville P, Millet M. Pesticides in the Indoor Environment of Residential Houses: A Case Study in Strasbourg, France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114049. [PMID: 36360928 PMCID: PMC9658446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor environmental exposure to pesticides has become one of the major concerns that might adversely affect human health and development. People spend most of their lifetime in enclosed indoor environments where they might inhale harmful toxic chemicals, such as pesticides, dispersed either in particulate or in a gas phase. In this study, an assessment of pesticide contamination in indoor environments was conducted. The study covered nine houses during one year, starting from February 2016 and ending in February 2017, in which both air and dust samples were assessed for their potential contamination with 50 pesticides. The results showed that all the assessed houses were contaminated by several pesticides, especially with the allethrin pesticide (detection frequency (DF) = 100%). The highest pesticide contamination was detected in the spring/summer season when it reached an average of around 185 ng g-1 and 186.4 ng sampler-1 in the collected dust and air samples, respectively. The potential contamination of pyrethroid insecticides within all the targeted samples revealed by this study stresses the importance of minimizing the use of such indoor treatments as part of the efficient prevention and control of human exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Civil Engineering Department, Lebanese American University, 309 Bassil Building, Byblos 1102, Lebanon
| | - Alexandre Sonnette
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Equipe de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier Environnementale Urbaine, Maison Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l’Homme-Alsace (MISHA), 5, Allée Du Général Rouvillois, CS 50008, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, University Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Delhomme
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Equipe de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Lorraine—UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées (SciFa), Campus Bridoux, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - Laurent Y. Alleman
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, University Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patrice Coddeville
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, University Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Equipe de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier Environnementale Urbaine, Maison Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l’Homme-Alsace (MISHA), 5, Allée Du Général Rouvillois, CS 50008, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Sergazina M, Vazquez L, Llompart M, Dagnac T. Occurrence of Fungicides in Vineyard and the Surrounding Environment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206152. [PMID: 34684732 PMCID: PMC8537801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen fungicides were determined in different matrices from vineyard areas, including vine leaves, soils, grapes and water, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For leaf analysis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed evaluating different solvents. UAE was compared with other extraction techniques such as vortex extraction (VE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The performance of the UAE method was demonstrated on vine leaf samples and on other types of samples such as tea leaves, underlining its general suitability for leaf crops. As regards other matrices, soils were analyzed by UAE and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), grapes by UAE and waters by SPE using cork as the sorbent. The proposed method was applied to 17 grape leaf samples in which 14 of the target fungicides were detected at concentrations up to 1000 μg g−1. Furthermore, the diffusion and transport of fungicides was demonstrated not only in crops but also in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Sergazina
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Maria Llompart
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality—Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.D.)
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9
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Fowler PE, Pilgrim JZ, Menlyadiev M, Eiceman GA. Field induced displacement reactions with proton bound dimers of organophosphorus compounds in a tandem differential mobility spectrometer. Analyst 2021; 146:4172-4179. [PMID: 34109958 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothermic displacement reactions between proton bound dimers of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and isopropanol (IPA) were enabled in air at ambient pressure with tandem differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Proton bound dimers (M2H+) were mobility isolated in purified air with a first DMS stage, mixed with IPA at ≥100 ppm in a middle reactive stage at 106 to 160 Td from a symmetrical 4 MHz waveform, and mobility analyzed in a second DMS stage. Although the enthalpy for displacement of M by IPA in M2H+ is unfavorable by +44 to 50 kJ mol-1, formation of the heterogenous proton bound dimer, MH+(IPA) arises from field induced dissociation of M2H+ to MH+ and addition of IPA. While peak dispersion for M2H+ of OPCs is limited to -2.25 to -0.5 V compensation voltage, peaks for MH+(IPA) were located at -10.5 to -8.25 V through a combination of ion transformation and mobility-based vapor modification. This inaugural use of ion reactions in air at ambient pressure demonstrates that multi-stage sequential processing of ions can improve significantly the analytical performance in a mobility spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Fowler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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10
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Abdelfatah RM, Mahmoud HM, Elsayed MA, Hegazy AM. Resolution of the spectra of acetamiprid, flutolanil and etofenprox residues for their analysis in tomato fruits. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118444. [PMID: 32413719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study involves spectroscopic analysis of pesticide residues extracted from tomato, one of the most freshly eaten fruit all over the world. In Egypt, tomato can be protected against pests infection by concomitantly spraying three pesticides namely, acetamiprid (AC), flutolanil (FL) and etofenprox (ET). The three pesticides have been simply and efficiently extracted from the fruits and analyzed by applying the following methods: Differential dual wavelength method, where AC, FL and ET were determined by amplitudes subtraction at 264.8-277 nm, 229-241 nm and 225.6 and 243 nm, respectively after obtaining their first derivative spectra. Modified ratio difference method, where the difference in amplitude values at 261.2 and 241 nm, 273.4 and 236.8 nm and 269.8 and 232 nm was used for determination of AC, FL and ET, respectively. The third method includes recording the amplitudes at 284, 293 and 224 nm for AC, FL and ET, respectively, after mean centering of their spectra. The linear ranges were 1-11, 0.2-2.5 and 0.2-2.5 μg mL-1 for AC, FL and ET, respectively. The methods were proven to be green regarding the Eco-Scale calculations. The methods were efficiently applied for determination of AC, FL and ET in their commercial forms and field trials, where the residues were approximately equal to or below their specified maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Hamada M Mahmoud
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elsayed
- Department of analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Amira M Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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11
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Zhou Y, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhang B, Sun Z, Yun X, Zhang J. Levels and inhalation health risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in urban and rural areas of China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105822. [PMID: 32497933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticide (NEO) concentrations in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and daily exposure via inhalation were investigated during spring and fall in an urban area in Beijing and in urban and rural areas of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Four NEOs, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, were assessed using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction procedure coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Of 64 PM2.5 samples, 100% contained at least two NEOs (imidacloprid and acetamiprid). Imidacloprid was detected at the highest levels, ranging from 4.33 to 1.13 × 102 pg m-3. A relative potency factor method that considered different toxicities was used to integrate the four NEO concentrations. The total NEO concentrations in air in the Zhengzhou rural area (mean: 80.86 pg m-3) were higher than those in urban areas. Differences between seasons were not significant (p > 0.05). The highest value for the total average daily dose via inhalation of four NEOs (ADDinh,total), 91.0 pg kg-1 day-1, was found in rural children <6 years old. The ADDinh,total of rural residents was significantly higher than that of urban residents when there was no intensive pesticide application. Although the ADDinh,total values were below the current chronic reference dose, when possible joint toxicity and the increasing use of NEOs are considered, a potential health risk via inhalation is evident. We believe this study is the first to characterize NEO levels in fine particulate matter and to evaluate inhalation exposure in urban and rural residents under nonoccupational scenarios in China. It will enhance our understanding of exposure to NEOs and provide a basis for risk management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyu Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Tran VV, Park D, Lee YC. Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2927. [PMID: 32340311 PMCID: PMC7215772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a serious threat to human health, causing millions of deaths each year. A plethora of pollutants can result in IAP; therefore, it is very important to identify their main sources and concentrations and to devise strategies for the control and enhancement of indoor air quality (IAQ). Herein, we provide a critical review and evaluation of the major sources of major pollutant emissions, their health effects, and issues related to IAP-based illnesses, including sick building syndrome (SBS) and building-related illness (BRI). In addition, the strategies and approaches for control and reduction of pollutant concentrations are pointed out, and the recent trends in efforts to resolve and improve IAQ, with their respective advantages and potentials, are summarized. It is predicted that the development of novel materials for sensors, IAQ-monitoring systems, and smart homes is a promising strategy for control and enhancement of IAQ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
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Hegazy AM, Abdelfatah RM, Mahmoud HM, Elsayed MA. Development and validation of two robust simple chromatographic methods for estimation of tomatoes specific pesticides’ residues for safety monitoring prior to food processing line and evaluation of local samples. Food Chem 2020; 306:125640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Du B, Tong Z, Mu X, Xu J, Liu S, Liu Z, Cao W, Qi ZM. A Potassium Ion-Exchanged Glass Optical Waveguide Sensor Locally Coated with a Crystal Violet-SiO 2 Gel Film for Real-Time Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Simulant. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:s19194219. [PMID: 31569346 PMCID: PMC6806192 DOI: 10.3390/s19194219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An optical waveguide (OWG) sensor was developed for real-time detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) vapor, which is a typical simulant for organophosphorus pesticides and chemical weapon agents. Silica gel, crystal violet (CV), and potassium ion-exchange (PIE) OWG were used to fabricate the sensor's device. In the real-time detection of the DCP vapor, the volume fraction of DCP vapor was recorded to be as low as 1.68 × 10-9. Moreover, the detection mechanism of CV-SiO2 gel film coated the PIE OWG sensor for DCP, which was evaluated by absorption spectra. These results demonstrated that the change of output light intensity of the OWG sensor significantly increased with the augment of the DCP concentration. Repeatability as well as selectivity of the sensors were tested using 0.042 × 10-6 and 26.32 × 10-6 volume fraction of the DCP vapor. No clear interference with the DCP detection was observed in the presence of other common solvents (e.g., acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran), benzene series (e.g., benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, and aniline), phosphorus-containing reagents (e.g., dimethyl methylphosphonate and trimethyl phosphate), acid, and basic gas (e.g., acetic acid and 25% ammonium hydroxide), which demonstrates that the OWG sensor could provide real-time, fast, and accurate measurement results for the detection of DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Xihui Mu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Jianjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhi-Mei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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15
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Chen H, Chen C, Li M, Wang W, Jiang D, Li H. Achieving high gating performance for ion mobility spectrometry by manipulating ion swarm spatiotemporal behaviors in the vicinity of ion shutter. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:96-104. [PMID: 30685046 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion shutter is one of the key components of the drift-tube types of ion mobility spectrometer, which affects both the resolving power and sensitivity of an ion mobility spectrometer. In this work, a spatiotemporal model was built to understand the behaviors of the ion swarms around the ion shutter. For simplicity, a Tyndall-Powell gate (TPG) was chosen as the gating disturbance to the field on the two sides of ion shutter could be separated. It can be inferred from the spatiotemporal model that the ion swarm could be diluted in front of the TPG when the gate closing voltage (GCV) was superposed on the grid facing the ionization region, while it could be compressed behind the TPG when the GCV was superposed on the other grid. These inferences conformed to the narrower and higher ion peaks obtained at GCV superposed on the latter grid and were further verified by the ion distribution profiles obtained at a wide gate opening pulse width. Finally, the product of the resolving power and the gating efficiency was proposed to evaluate the gating performance of an ion shutter. At GCV superposed on the grid facing the drift region, the best gating performance of 42 was obtained with peak height of 1.63 nA and resolving power of 57.2, and was almost twice as high as the optimal gating performance at GCV superposed on the other grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Chiluwal U, Lee G, Rajapakse MY, Willy T, Lukow S, Schmidt H, Eiceman GA. Tandem ion mobility spectrometry at ambient pressure and field decomposition of mobility selected ions of explosives and interferences. Analyst 2019; 144:2052-2061. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A tandem ion mobility spectrometer at ambient pressure included a thermal desorption inlet, two drift regions, dual ion shutters, and a wire grid assembly in the second drift region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Chiluwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Gyoungil Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | | | - Timothy Willy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | | | | | - Gary A. Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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Aria M, Sorribes-Soriano A, Jafari M, Nourbakhsh F, Esteve-Turrillas F, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez J, de la Guardia M. Uptake and translocation monitoring of imidacloprid to chili and tomato plants by molecularly imprinting extraction - ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Jafari MT, Ramazani S. Design of an ultrasonic piezoelectric injection port for analysis of thermally unstable compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1038:79-86. [PMID: 30278910 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel ultrasonic injection port designed and constructed to analyze thermally unstable chemical compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS). In order to achieve the highest possible efficiency with the device, some parameters such as the solvent type, carrier gas flow rate and sample volume were exhaustively investigated. Through a comparative study conducted, it was revealed that unlike the thermal desorption system, the proposed ultrasonic injection port could easily be used for the analysis of some thermally unstable compounds such as carbaryl, propoxur and vitamin B1, by means of CD-IMS. To evaluate the potential of the device, carbaryl, extracted from different samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique, was quantitatively analyzed. The CD-IMS-based results brought forth the detection limit of 0.03 mg L-1, and dynamic range of 0.1-10.0 mg L-1 with the determination coefficient of 0.9981. The relative standard deviations for one day and three consecutive days were 4 and 6%, respectively. Further, the spiked samples of agricultural wastewater, underground water, and tomato analyzed culminated in the recovery values of 83%, 98% and 82%, respectively. The satisfactory results proved an acceptable capability of the sample introduction system, to be conveniently used for routine analysis of thermally unstable compound, without any tedious derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Capoferri D, Della Pelle F, Del Carlo M, Compagnone D. Affinity Sensing Strategies for the Detection of Pesticides in Food. Foods 2018; 7:E148. [PMID: 30189666 PMCID: PMC6165126 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a review of recent affinity-based approaches that detect pesticides in food. The importance of the quantification and monitoring of pesticides is firstly discussed, followed by a description of the different approaches reported in the literature. The different sensing approaches are reported according to the different recognition element used: antibodies, aptamers, or molecularly imprinted polymers. Schemes of detection and the main features of the assays are reported and commented upon. The large number of affinity sensors recently developed and tested on real samples demonstrate that this approach is ready to be validated to monitor the amount of pesticides used in food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Capoferri
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Michele Del Carlo
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Salthammer T, Zhang Y, Mo J, Koch HM, Weschler CJ. Erfassung der Humanexposition mit organischen Verbindungen in Innenraumumgebungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tunga Salthammer
- Fachbereich Materialanalytik und Innenluftchemie; Fraunhofer WKI; 38108 Braunschweig Bienroder Weg 54E Deutschland
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control; Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control; Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IPA); Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44789 Bochum Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1 Deutschland
| | - Charles J. Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI); Rutgers University; 170 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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21
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Salthammer T, Zhang Y, Mo J, Koch HM, Weschler CJ. Assessing Human Exposure to Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tunga Salthammer
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry; Fraunhofer WKI; 38108 Braunschweig Bienroder Weg 54E Germany
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control; Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control; Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA); Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum; 44789 Bochum Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1 Germany
| | - Charles J. Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI); Rutgers University; 170 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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Darvishnejad M, Ebrahimzadeh H. Halloysite nanotubes functionalized with a nanocomposite prepared from reduced graphene oxide and polythiophene as a viable sorbent for the preconcentration of six organochlorine pesticides prior to their quantitation by GC/MS. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ratiu IA, Bocos-Bintintan V, Patrut A, Moll VH, Turner M, Thomas CLP. Discrimination of bacteria by rapid sensing their metabolic volatiles using an aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer (a-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:209-217. [PMID: 28734362 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to investigate whether one may quickly and reliably discriminate different microorganism strains by direct monitoring of the headspace atmosphere above their cultures. Headspace samples above a series of in vitro bacterial cultures were directly interrogated using an aspiration type ion mobility spectrometer (a-IMS), which produced distinct profiles ("fingerprints") of ion currents generated simultaneously by the detectors present inside the ion mobility cell. Data processing and analysis using principal component analysis showed net differences in the responses produced by volatiles emitted by various bacterial strains. Fingerprint assignments were conferred on the basis of product ion mobilities; ions of differing size and mass were deflected in a different degree upon their introduction of a transverse electric field, impacting finally on a series of capacitors (denominated as detectors, or channels) placed in a manner analogous to sensor arrays. Three microorganism strains were investigated - Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus; all strains possess a relatively low pathogenic character. Samples of air with a 5 cm3 volume from the headspace above the bacterial cultures in agar growth medium were collected using a gas-tight chromatographic syringe and injected inside the closed-loop pneumatic circuit of the breadboard a-IMS instrument model ChemPro-100i (Environics Oy, Finland), at a distance of about 1 cm from the ionization source. The resulting chemical fingerprints were produced within two seconds from the moment of injection. The sampling protocol involved to taking three replicate samples from each of 10 different cultures for a specific strain, during a total period of 72 h after the initial incubation - at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to discriminate between the IMS fingerprints. PCA was found to successfully discriminate between bacteria at three levels in the experimental campaign: 1) between blank samples from growth medium and samples from bacterial cultures, 2) between samples from different bacterial strains, and 3) between time evolutions of headspace samples from the same bacterial strain over the 3-day sampling period. Consistent classification between growth medium samples and growth medium inoculated with bacteria was observed in both positive and negative detection/ionization modes. In parallel, headspace air samples of 1 dm3 were collected from each bacterial culture and loaded onto Tenax™-Carbograph desorption tubes, using a custom built sampling unit based on a portable sampling pump. One sample was taken for each of 10 different cultures of a strain, at 24, 48 and 72 h after the initial incubation. These adsorption tubes were subsequently analyzed using thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). This second dataset was intended to produce a qualitative analysis of the volatiles present in the headspace above the bacterial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Andreea Ratiu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400294, Romania; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Victor Bocos-Bintintan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400294, Romania
| | - Adrian Patrut
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400028, Romania
| | - Victor Hugo Moll
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - C L Paul Thomas
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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An Overview of Pesticide Monitoring at Environmental Samples Using Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Sensors. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/c3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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