1
|
Rodrigues JL, Campêlo JDM, Wisniewski A, Hantao LW, Eberlin MN, Santos JM. Chemical evaluation of pyrolysis oils from domestic and industrial effluent treatment station sludges with perspective to produce value-added products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:202-210. [PMID: 37311387 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable sources for energy has increased due to the high demand of modern society and the environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Environmentally friendly renewable energy production may involve thermal processes, including the application of biomass. We provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of sludges from domestic and industrial effluent treatment stations, as well as the bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis. A comparative study of the sludges and the corresponding pyrolysis oils was performed, with characterization of the raw materials using thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The bio-oils were characterized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that identified compounds classified according to their chemical class, mainly related to nitrogenous (62.2%) and ester (18.9%) for domestic sludge bio-oil, and nitrogenous (61.0%) and ester (27.6%) for industrial sludge bio-oil. The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed a broad distribution of classes with oxygen and/or sulfur (N2O2S, O2, and S2 classes). Nitrogenous compounds (N, N2, N3, and NxOxclasses) were also found to be abundant in both bio-oils, due to the origins of the sludges (with the presence of proteins), making these bio-oils unsuitable for use as renewable fuels, since NOxgases could be released during combustion processes. The presence of functionalized alkyl chains indicated the potential of the bio-oils as sources of high added-value compounds that could be obtained by recovery processes and used for the manufacture of fertilizers, surfactants, and nitrogen solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas L Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de M Campêlo
- Petroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group (PEM), Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group (PEB), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Leandro W Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University. Rua da Consolação, 930. São Paulo - SP. 01302-907, Brazil; MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute. Rua da Consolação, 896. São Paulo - SP. 01302-907. Brazil
| | - Jandyson M Santos
- Petroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group (PEM), Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Devaux J, Mignot M, Rouvière F, François I, Afonso C, Heinisch S. On-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography x supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for the characterization of advanced biofuels. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463964. [PMID: 37068402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Bio-oils obtained by thermochemical or biochemical conversion of biomass represent a promising source of energy to complement fossil fuels, in particular for maritime or air transport for which the use of hydrogen or electricity appears complicated. As these bio-oils are very rich in water and heteroatoms, additional treatments are necessary before they can be used as biofuel. In order to improve the efficiency of these treatments, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the composition of the bio-oil. The characterization of bio-oils is difficult because they are very complex mixtures with thousands of compounds covering a very wide range of molecular weight and polarity. Due to the high degree of orthogonality between the two chromatographic dimensions, the on-line combination of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography (on-line RPLC x SFC) can significantly improve the characterization of such complex matrices. The hyphenation was optimized by selecting, in SFC, the stationary phase, the co-solvent, the make-up solvent prior to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and the injection solvent. Additionally, a new interface configuration is described. Quality descriptors such as the occupation of the separation space, the peak shapes and the signal intensity were considered to determine the optimal conditions. The best results were obtained with bare silica, a co-solvent composed of acetonitrile and methanol (50/50, v/v), a make-up solvent composed of methanol (90%) and water (10%) with formic acid (0.1%), an addition of co-solvent through an additional pump for SFC separation in a 2.1 mm column, and an hydro-organic solvent as injection solvent. The optimized setup was used to analyze two microalgae bio-oils: the full bio-oil coming from hydrothermal liquefaction and Soxhlet extraction of microalgae, and the gasoline cut obtained after distillation of the full bio-oil. Results in on-line RPLC x SFC-qTOF were particularly interesting, with very good peak shapes and high reproducibility. Moreover, the high degree of orthogonality for microalgae bio-oils of RPLC and SFC was highlighted by the very large occupation of the separation space. Isomeric profiles of compound families could be obtained in RPLC x SFC-qTOF and many isomers not separated in SFC alone were separated in RPLC and vice versa, thus showing the complementarity of the two chromatographic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Devaux
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France; COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Isabelle François
- Chromisa Scientific, Schoolstraat 3, Sint-Lievens-Houtem 9520, Belgium
| | - Carlos Afonso
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran on novel CoPdP catalysts supported on potassium ion exchanged ultra-stable Y-zeolites. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Beccaria M, Siqueira ALM, Maniquet A, Giusti P, Piparo M, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Advanced mono- and multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen-containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:115-134. [PMID: 33185940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of biomass, from triglycerides to lignocellulosic-based feedstock, are among promising candidates to possibly fulfill requirements as a substitute for crude oils as primary sources of chemical energy feedstock. During the feedstock processing carried out to increase the H:C ratio of the products, heteroatom-containing compounds can promote corrosion, thus limiting and/or deactivating catalytic processes needed to transform the biomass into fuel. The use of advanced gas chromatography techniques, in particular multi-dimensional gas chromatography, both heart-cutting and comprehensive coupled to mass spectrometry, has been widely exploited in the field of petroleomics over the past 30 years and has also been successfully applied to the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile compounds during the processing of biomass feedstock. This review intends to describe advanced gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based techniques, mainly focusing in the period 2011-early 2020. Particular emphasis has been devoted to the multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, for the isolation and characterization of the oxygen-containing compounds in biomass feedstock. Within this context, the most recent advances to sample preparation, derivatization, as well as gas chromatography instrumentation, mass spectrometry ionization, identification, and data handling in the biomass industry, are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beccaria
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Luiza Mendes Siqueira
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, Solaize, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Adrien Maniquet
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, Solaize, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville, Harfleur, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Marco Piparo
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville, Harfleur, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fadhil AB. Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman B. Fadhil
- Laboratory Researches of Industrial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Science Mosul University Mosul Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nunes VO, Silva RV, Romeiro GA, Azevedo DA. The speciation of the organic compounds of slow pyrolysis bio-oils from Brazilian tropical seed cake fruits using high-resolution techniques: GC × GC-TOFMS and ESI(±)-Orbitrap HRMS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Pinto J, Pedrosa I, Linhares C, San Gil RAS, Lam YL, Pereira MM. Ketal Sugar Conversion Into Green Hydrocarbons by Faujasite Zeolite in a Typical Catalytic Cracking Process. Front Chem 2019; 7:720. [PMID: 31737600 PMCID: PMC6839337 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) converts hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst based on faujasite zeolite (USY and REY). While hydrocarbon is poorly reactive, biomass and its derived compounds are highly functionalized and not suitable to a typical FCC process. To overcome this limitation biomass was first converted into a dense and stable bio-crude composed mainly of ketal-sugar derivatives by using acetone in diluted acid. Here, a representative compound of this bio-crude, 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose (DX) in n-hexane, was converted by USY and a commercial FCC catalyst containing USY, at 500°C, in a fixed bed and fluidized bed reactors, respectively. Faujasite Y is very efficient in converting DX. More than 95% conversion was observed in all tests. Over 60 wt.% was liquid products, followed by gas products and only around 10% or less in coke. The higher the catalyst activity the greater the aromatics in the liquid products and yet higher coke yields were observed. In particular, simulating more practical application conditions: using deactivated catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, improved green hydrocarbons production (mono-aromatic up to 10 carbons and light hydrocarbon up to eight carbons) and unprecedented lower coke yield (≈5 wt.%) for bio-feeds. The present results further suggest that catalyst will play a primary role to convert the bio-crude into target hydrocarbons and overcome the transition of a non-renewable to a renewable refinery feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Pedrosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Linhares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane A S San Gil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yiu Lau Lam
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lazzari E, Arena K, Caramão EB, Herrero M. Quantitative analysis of aqueous phases of bio-oils resulting from pyrolysis of different biomasses by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:359-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|