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Lee A, Henderson R, Aylward J, McCombe P. Gut Symptoms, Gut Dysbiosis and Gut-Derived Toxins in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1871. [PMID: 38339149 PMCID: PMC10856138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, there have been emerging suggestions of a possible role for the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota have a range of functions and could influence ALS by several mechanisms. Here, we review the possible role of gut-derived neurotoxins/excitotoxins. We review the evidence of gut symptoms and gut dysbiosis in ALS. We then examine a possible role for gut-derived toxins by reviewing the evidence that these molecules are toxic to the central nervous system, evidence of their association with ALS, the existence of biochemical pathways by which these molecules could be produced by the gut microbiota and existence of mechanisms of transport from the gut to the blood and brain. We then present evidence that there are increased levels of these toxins in the blood of some ALS patients. We review the effects of therapies that attempt to alter the gut microbiota or ameliorate the biochemical effects of gut toxins. It is possible that gut dysbiosis contributes to elevated levels of toxins and that these could potentially contribute to ALS pathogenesis, but more work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aven Lee
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Robert Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
| | - James Aylward
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
| | - Pamela McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
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2
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Luo C, Chen X, Li P, Huang C. A Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on DNA Bio-Dots-Induced Aggregation of AuNPs for Methionine Detection. Molecules 2023; 28:7740. [PMID: 38067471 PMCID: PMC10707855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on DNA bio-dots-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a methionine (Met) photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor with CS-GSH-CuNCs/TiO2 NPs as the photoelectric conversion element and AuNPs as the specific recognition element was constructed. First, a TiO2 NPs/ITO electrode and CS-GSH-CuNCs were prepared, and then the CS-GSH-CuNCs/TiO2 NPs/ITO photosensitive electrode was obtained by self-assembly. Next, DNA bio-dots were modified to the upper surface of the electrode using a coupling reaction to assemble the DNA bio-dots/CS-GSH-CuNCs/TiO2 NPs electrode. Amino-rich DNA bio-dots were used to induce the aggregation of AuNPs on the electrode surface via Au-N interactions and prepare the AuNPs/DNA bio-dots/CS-GSH-CuNCs/TiO2 NPs electrode. Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CS-GSH-CuNCs and AuNPs, the complexation chance of electron-hole (e--h+) pair in CS-GSH-CuNCs increased, which, in turn, led to a decrease in photocurrent intensity. When Met was present, AuNPs aggregated on the electrode surface were shed and bound to Met since the Au-S interaction is stronger than the Au-N interaction, resulting in the recovery of the photocurrent signal. Under optimal conditions, the photocurrent intensity of the PEC sensor showed good linearity with the logarithm of Met concentration in the range of 25.0 nmol/L-10.0 μmol/L with the limit of detection (LOD) of 5.1 nmol/L (S/N = 3, n = 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China;
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (X.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (X.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (X.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Chaobiao Huang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China;
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (X.C.); (P.L.)
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3
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Zhu Q, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Han J, Cao B, Xu D, Zhao Y, Chen G. Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on the observational study: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196722. [PMID: 37284659 PMCID: PMC10239956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors of ALS to understand this disease comprehensively. Methods We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Moreover, observational studies, including cohort studies, and case-control studies, were included in this meta-analysis. Results A total of 36 eligible observational studies were included, and 10 of them were cohort studies and the rest were case-control studies. We found six factors exacerbated the progression of disease: head trauma (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.40), physical activity (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.09), electric shock (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.62, 4.56), military service (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.61), pesticides (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.26), and lead exposure (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.71). Of note, type 2 diabetes mellitus was a protective factor for ALS. However, cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.29), agriculture (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.74, 1.99), industry (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.91), service (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.19, 1.17), smoking (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.5, 3.09), chemicals (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 0.89, 6.77), and heavy metal (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.47, 4.84) were not risk factors for ALS based on meta-analyses. Conclusions Head trauma, physical activity, electric shock, military service, pesticides, and lead were risk factors for ALS onset and progression. But DM was a protective factor. This finding provides a better understanding of ALS risk factors with strong evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies. INPLSY registration number https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0118/, INPLASY202290118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwei Cao
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Li R, Deng M, Lin Y, Gao W, Liu B, Xia H. Genetically predicted circulating levels of glycine, glutamate, and serotonin in relation to the risks of three major neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:938408. [PMID: 36158554 PMCID: PMC9490425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.938408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously postulated that blood neurotransmitters might affect risks of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore whether genetically predicted concentrations of glycine, glutamate and serotonin were associated with risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). From three genome-wide association studies of European ancestry, single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with glycine, glutamate and serotonin were selected as genetic instrumental variables. Corresponding summary statistics were also obtained from the latest genome-wide association meta-analyses of AD, PD and ALS. The inverse-variance weighted MR and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate causal effects of genetically predicted levels of neurotransmitters on risks of neurodegenerative diseases. The statistical significance threshold was set at P < 0.0056 using the Bonferroni-correction, while 0.0056 < P < 0.05 was considered suggestive evidence for a causal association. There was a causal association of elevated blood glutamate levels with higher AD risks. The odds ratio (OR) of AD was 1.311 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.087-1.580; P = 0.004] per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted glutamate concentrations. There was suggestive evidence in support of a protective effect of blood serotonin on AD (OR = 0.607; 95% CI, 0.396-0.932; P = 0.022). Genetically predicted glycine levels were not associated with the risk of AD (OR = 1.145; 95% CI, 0.939-1.396; P = 0.180). Besides, MR analyses indicated no causal roles of three blood neurotransmitters in PD or ALS. In conclusion, the MR study provided evidence supporting the association of elevated blood glutamate levels with higher AD risks and the association of increased blood serotonin levels with lower AD risks. Triangulating evidence across further study designs is still warranted to elucidate the role of blood neurotransmitters in risks of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjuan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Elshamy YS, Strein TG, Holland LA, Li C, DeBastiani A, Valentine SJ, Li P, Lucas JA, Shaffer TA. Nanoflow Sheath Voltage-Free Interfacing of Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11329-11336. [PMID: 35913997 PMCID: PMC9387528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) to mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful strategy to leverage a high separation efficiency with structural identification. Traditional CE-MS interfacing relies upon voltage to drive this process. Additionally, sheathless interfacing requires that the electrophoresis generates a sufficient volumetric flow to sustain the ionization process. Vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) is a new method to interface capillary electrophoresis to mass analyzers. In contrast to traditional interfacing, VSSI is voltage-free, making it straightforward for CE and MS. New nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is introduced in this work to reduce the reliance on the separation flow rate to facilitate the transfer of analyte to the MS. The nanoflow sheath VSSI spray ionization functions from 400 to 900 nL/min. Using the new nanoflow sheath reported here, volumetric flow rate through the separation capillary is less critical, allowing the use of a small (i.e., 20 to 25 μm) inner diameter separation capillary and enabling the use of higher separation voltages and faster analysis. Moreover, the use of a nanoflow sheath enables greater flexibility in the separation conditions. The nanoflow sheath is operated using aqueous solutions in the background electrolyte and in the sheath, demonstrating the separation can be performed under normal and reversed polarity in the presence or absence of electroosmotic flow. This includes the use of a wider pH range as well. The versatility of nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is demonstrated by separating cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic molecules under a variety of separation conditions. The detection sensitivity observed with nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is comparable to that obtained with sheathless CE-VSSI-MS as well as CE-MS separations with electrospray ionization interfacing. A bare fused silica capillary is used to separate cationic β-blockers with a near-neutral background electrolyte at concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 1.0 μM. Under acidic conditions, 13 amino acids are separated with normal polarity at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 5 μM. Finally, separations of anionic compounds are demonstrated using reversed polarity under conditions of suppressed electroosmotic flow through the use of a semipermanent surface coating. With a near-neutral separation electrolyte, anionic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are detected over a concentration range of 0.1 to 5.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef S Elshamy
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Timothy G Strein
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Anthony DeBastiani
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Stephen J Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - John A Lucas
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tyler A Shaffer
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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Shibuya K, Otani R, Suzuki YI, Kuwabara S, Kiernan MC. Neuronal Hyperexcitability and Free Radical Toxicity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Established and Future Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040433. [PMID: 35455429 PMCID: PMC9025031 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease with evidence of degeneration involving upper and lower motor neuron compartments of the nervous system. Presently, two drugs, riluzole and edaravone, have been established as being useful in slowing disease progression in ALS. Riluzole possesses anti-glutamatergic properties, while edaravone eliminates free radicals (FRs). Glutamate is the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord and binds to several inotropic receptors. Excessive activation of these receptors generates FRs, inducing neurodegeneration via damage to intracellular organelles and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators. FRs bind to intracellular structures, leading to cellular impairment that contributes to neurodegeneration. As such, excitotoxicity and FR toxicities have been considered as key pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the cascade of degeneration that envelopes neurons in ALS. Recent advanced technologies, including neurophysiological, imaging, pathological and biochemical techniques, have concurrently identified evidence of increased excitability in ALS. This review focuses on the relationship between FRs and excitotoxicity in motor neuronal degeneration in ALS and introduces concepts linked to increased excitability across both compartments of the human nervous system. Within this cellular framework, future strategies to promote therapeutic development in ALS, from the perspective of neuronal excitability and function, will be critically appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan; (K.S.); (R.O.); (Y.-i.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Ryo Otani
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan; (K.S.); (R.O.); (Y.-i.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Yo-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan; (K.S.); (R.O.); (Y.-i.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan; (K.S.); (R.O.); (Y.-i.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Piestansky J, Olesova D, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Chalova P, Galba J, Majerova P, Mikus P, Kovac A. Amino acids in inflammatory bowel diseases: Modern diagnostic tools and methodologies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:139-213. [PMID: 35337602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of living organisms. Together with their derivatives, they participate in many intracellular processes to act as hormones, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters. For several decades amino acids have been studied for their potential as markers of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Subsequent improvements in sample pretreatment, separation, and detection methods have enabled the specific and very sensitive determination of these molecules in multicomponent matrices-biological fluids and tissues. The information obtained from targeted amino acid analysis (biomarker-based analytical strategy) can be further used for early diagnostics, to monitor the course of the disease or compliance of the patients. This review will provide an insight into current knowledge about inflammatory bowel diseases, the role of proteinogenic amino acids in intestinal inflammation and modern analytical techniques used in its diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Current advances in the analysis of amino acids focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, or detection methods are highlighted, and their potential in clinical laboratories is discussed. In addition, the latest clinical data obtained from the metabolomic profiling of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are summarized with a focus on proteinogenic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Chavda V, Patel C, Modh D, Ertas YN, Sonak SS, Munshi NK, Anand K, Soni A, Pandey S. Therapeutic Approaches to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis from the Lab to the Clinic. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:200-222. [PMID: 35272595 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220310113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neuro-degenerative disorder that is clinically recognized as a gradual degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons, with an average duration of 3 to 5 years from initiation of symptoms to death. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of the disease are multifactorial. Therefore, to find effective treatments, it is necessary to understand this heterogeneity underlying the progression of ALS. Recent developments in gene therapy have opened a new avenue to treat this condition, especially for the characterized genetic types. Gene therapy methods have been studied in a variety of pre-clinical settings and clinical trials, and they may be a promising path for developing an effective and safe ALS cure. A growing body of evidence demonstrates abnormalities in energy metabolism at the cellular and whole-body level in animal models and in people living with ALS. The use and incorporation of high-throughput "omics" methods has radically transformed our thought about ALS, strengthening our understanding of the disease's dynamic molecular architecture, differentiating distinct patient subtypes, and creating a reasonable basis for the identification of biomarkers and novel individualised treatments. Future clinical and laboratory trials would also focus on the diverse relationships between metabolism and ALS to address the issue of whether targeting deficient metabolism in ALS is an effective way to change disease progression. In this review, we focus on the detailed pathogenesis of ALS and highlight principal genes, i.e., SOD1, TDP-43, C9orf72, and FUS, targeted therapeutic approaches of ALS. An attempt is made to provide up-to-date information on clinical outcomes, including various biomarkers which are thought to be important players in early ALS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutic, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009 (India)
| | - Chirag Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009 (India)
| | - Dharti Modh
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Poona college of pharmacy, Bharti vidhyapith, Pune - 411030 (India)
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Shreya S Sonak
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Poona college of pharmacy, Bharti vidhyapith, Pune - 411030 (India)
| | - Nafisa K Munshi
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Poona college of pharmacy, Bharti vidhyapith, Pune - 411030 (India)
| | - Krishna Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Arun Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli - 396230(India)
| | - Sonal Pandey
- Research and Development, Meril Diagnostic Pvt. Ltd, Vapi - 396191 (India)
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9
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Jia R, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Zhang R, Jin J, Hu F, Liu X, Qin X, Kang L, Zhao S, Dang Y, Dang J. Characteristics of serum metabolites in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20786. [PMID: 34675267 PMCID: PMC8531355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways and provide guidance for the novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS patients and people without nervous diseases were recruited. Metabolomic analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and MetaboAnalyst were used to identify metabolic pathways. 75 metabolites were detected and aligned. The OPLS-DA showed the metabolomic profile of ALS patients and those in the fast-progression and slow-progression ALS groups differed from that of CTRL (p < 0.05). The levels of maltose, glyceric acid, lactic acid, beta-alanine, phosphoric acid, glutamic acid, ethanolamine and glycine in ALS were significantly higher, while 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzenethiol was lower. Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly altered metabolic pathways in ALS. ROC was used to discriminate ALS from CTRL with an AUC of 0.898 (p < 0.001) using 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzenethiol, beta-alanine, glycine, and ethanolamine. The serum metabolites and metabolic pathways in ALS patients are significantly altered compared with CTRL. These findings may contribute to the early diagnosis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiaoyi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaoting Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Songzhen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingxia Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Western Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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10
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Twenty years of amino acid determination using capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1174:338233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Nontargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Plasma Metabolite Changes in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5537811. [PMID: 34121924 PMCID: PMC8172289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a relatively common spinal rotation deformity, and the pathogenesis of AIS is accompanied by metabolic dysfunction and changes in biochemical factors. In this study, plasma metabolite changes in AIS patients were analyzed based on nontargeted metabolomics to provide new insights for clarifying functional metabolic abnormalities in AIS patients. Methods Clinical indexes and blood samples were collected from 12 healthy subjects and 16 AIS patients. Metabolomics was used to analyze the changes in metabolites in plasma samples. The correlation between plasma metabolites and clinical indexes was analyzed by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results Analysis of clinical data showed that the body weight, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) index of the AIS group significantly decreased, while the blood phosphorus and Cobb angles increased significantly. Metabolomic analysis showed significant changes in 72 differential metabolites in the plasma of the AIS group, mainly including organooxygen compounds, carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, steroids and steroid derivatives, and keto acids and derivatives. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway showed that arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and citrate cycle (TCA cycle) were significantly enriched in the AIS and healthy groups. Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that the plasma metabolites C00026 (oxoglutarate), C00062 (L-arginine, arginine), C01042 (N-acetylaspartate), and C00158 (citrate) were significantly correlated with clinical indexes in AIS patients. In the healthy group, the plasma metabolites C00122 (fumarate), C00025 (glutamate and L-glutamic acid) and C00149 (malate, L-malic acid) were significantly correlated with clinical indexes, while C00624 (N-acetylglutamate) was not significantly correlated with the clinical indexes. Conclusion The occurrence of AIS led to changes in clinical indexes and plasma metabolites. Plasma biomarkers and functional metabolic pathways were correlated with clinical indexes, which might provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of AIS.
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12
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Meregalli C, Bonomo R, Cavaletti G, Carozzi VA. Blood molecular biomarkers for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: From preclinical models to clinical practice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135739. [PMID: 33600907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has long been recognized as a clinically significant issue in patients treated with antineoplastic drugs. This common long-term toxic side-effect which negatively impacts the outcome of the disease can lead to disability and have detrimental effects on patients' quality of life. Since axonal injury is a prominent feature of CIPN, responsible for several sensory symptoms, including pain, sensory loss and hypersensitivity to mechanical and/or cold stimuli in the hands and feet, neurophysiological assessments remain the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of CIPN. Given the large impact of CIPN on cancer patients, there is increasing emphasis on biomarkers of adverse outcomes in safety assessment and translational research, to prevent permanent neuroaxonal damage. Since the results on reliable blood molecular markers for axonal degeneration are still controversial, here we provide a brief overview of blood molecular biomarkers used for assessing and/or predicting CIPN in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - R Bonomo
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - V A Carozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Young Against Pain Group, Italy.
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13
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Insuasty-Cepeda DS, Maldonado M, García-Castañeda JE, Rivera-Monroy ZJ. Obtaining an immunoaffinity monolithic material: poly(GMA- co-EDMA) functionalized with an HPV-derived peptide using a thiol-maleimide reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4247-4255. [PMID: 35424340 PMCID: PMC8694329 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites have great potential for the design of biomarkers, since their presence or absence provides valuable information about a biological system. In this context, polyclonal antibodies are important metabolites for diagnostic procedures, but in some pathologies, it has been found that these metabolites are present at low concentrations, so it could be difficult to detect them. In this investigation, an organic monolithic material of poly(GMA-co-EDMA) was functionalized with a peptide via Michael addition (thiol-maleimide) click chemistry. The peptide, covalently bound to the monolith, contains the SPINNTKPHEAR sequence derived from the human papilloma virus L1 protein. It was determined that the obtained monolithic support allows selectively isolating polyclonal antibodies against the SPINNTKPHEAR sequence, since they are retained on the chemical surface of the material by an immunoaffinity interaction. The monolithic material functionalization protocol reported here could be applied to incorporate any peptide with a terminal cysteine in order to recover a specific analyte. A new method was developed for isolating and pre-concentrating antibodies using monolithic materials, which could contribute to the improvement of disease detection strategies based on immunoaffinity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sebastián Insuasty-Cepeda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 Bogotá Bogotá 11321 Colombia
| | - Mauricio Maldonado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 Bogotá Bogotá 11321 Colombia
| | | | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, Office 409 Bogotá Bogotá 11321 Colombia
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14
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Donatti A, Canto AM, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Circulating Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders-Metabolites in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:E389. [PMID: 33003305 PMCID: PMC7601919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are, still, limitations to predicting the occurrence and prognosis of neurological disorders. Biomarkers are molecules that can change in different conditions, a feature that makes them potential tools to improve the diagnosis of disease, establish a prognosis, and monitor treatments. Metabolites can be used as biomarkers, and are small molecules derived from the metabolic process found in different biological media, such as tissue samples, cells, or biofluids. They can be identified using various strategies, targeted or untargeted experiments, and by different techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about metabolites as biomarkers for neurological disorders. We will present recent developments that show the need and the feasibility of identifying such biomarkers in different neurological disorders, as well as discuss relevant research findings in the field of metabolomics that are helping to unravel the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. Although several relevant results have been reported in metabolomic studies in patients with neurological diseases, there is still a long way to go for the clinical use of metabolites as potential biomarkers in these disorders, and more research in the field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
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15
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Bonomo R, Cavaletti G, Skene DJ. Metabolomics markers in Neurology: current knowledge and future perspectives for therapeutic targeting. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:725-738. [PMID: 32538242 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1782746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is an emerging approach providing new insights into the metabolic changes and underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. AREAS COVERED Here, the authors present an overview of the current knowledge of metabolic profiling (metabolomics) to provide critical insight on the role of biochemical markers and metabolic alterations in neurological diseases. EXPERT OPINION Elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations in neurological disorders is crucial for a better understanding of their pathogenesis, and for identifying potential biomarkers and drug targets. Nevertheless, discrepancies in diagnostic criteria, sample handling protocols, and analytical methods still affect the generalizability of current study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bonomo
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca , Monza, Italy.,Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca , Monza, Italy
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
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16
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1865-1872. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ferré S, González-Ruiz V, Guillarme D, Rudaz S. Analytical strategies for the determination of amino acids: Past, present and future trends. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1132:121819. [PMID: 31704619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the analytical methods that have been developed over the years to tackle the high polarity and non-chromophoric nature of amino acids (AAs). First, the historical methods are briefly presented, with a strong focus on the use of derivatization reagents to make AAs detectable with spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet and fluorescence) and/or sufficiently retained in reversed phase liquid chromatography. Then, an overview of the current analytical strategies for achiral separation of AAs is provided, in which mass spectrometry (MS) becomes the most widely used detection mode in combination with innovative liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis conditions to detect AAs at very low concentration in complex matrixes. Finally, some future trends of AA analysis are provided in the last section of the review, including the use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), multidimensional liquid chromatography and electrophoretic separations, hyphenation of ion exchange chromatography to mass spectrometry, and use of ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Various application examples will also be presented throughout the review to highlight the benefits and limitations of these different analytical approaches for AAs determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
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18
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Profiling of Amino Acids in Urine Samples of Patients Suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183345. [PMID: 31540027 PMCID: PMC6767150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine represents a convenient biofluid for metabolomic studies due to its noninvasive collection and richness in metabolites. Here, amino acids are valuable biomarkers for their ability to reflect imbalances of different biochemical pathways. An impact of amino acids on pathology, prognosis and therapy of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is therefore the subject of current clinical research. This work is aimed to develop a capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the quantification of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids in human urine samples obtained from patients suffering from IBD and treated with thiopurines. The optimized CE-MS/MS method, with minimum sample preparation (just “dilute and shoot”), exhibited excellent linearity for all the analytes (coefficients of determination were higher than 0.99), with inter-day and intra-day precision yielding relative standard deviations in the range of 0.91–15.12% and with accuracy yielding relative errors in the range of 85.47–112.46%. Total analysis time, an important parameter for the sample throughput demanded in routine practice, was shorter in ca. 17% when compared to established CE-MS methods. Favorable performance of the proposed CE-MS/MS method was also confirmed by the comparison with corresponding ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method. Consistent data for the investigated amino acid metabolome were obtained using both methods. For the first time, the amino acid profiling by CE-MS approach was applied on the clinical IBD samples. Here, significant differences observed in the concentration levels of some amino acids between IBD patients undergoing thiopurine treatment and healthy volunteers could result from the simultaneous action of the disease and the corresponding therapy. These findings indicate that amino acids analysis could be a valuable tool for the study of mechanism of the IBD treatment by thiopurines.
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19
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Vijayakumar UG, Milla V, Cynthia Stafford MY, Bjourson AJ, Duddy W, Duguez SMR. A Systematic Review of Suggested Molecular Strata, Biomarkers and Their Tissue Sources in ALS. Front Neurol 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 31139131 PMCID: PMC6527847 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is an incurable neurodegenerative condition, characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. It affects 1-1.8/100,000 individuals worldwide, and the number of cases is projected to increase as the population ages. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify both therapeutic targets and disease-specific biomarkers-biomarkers that would be useful to diagnose and stratify patients into different sub-groups for therapeutic strategies, as well as biomarkers to follow the efficacy of any treatment tested during clinical trials. There is a lack of knowledge about pathogenesis and many hypotheses. Numerous "omics" studies have been conducted on ALS in the past decade to identify a disease-signature in tissues and circulating biomarkers. The first goal of the present review was to group the molecular pathways that have been implicated in monogenic forms of ALS, to enable the description of patient strata corresponding to each pathway grouping. This strategy allowed us to suggest 14 strata, each potentially targetable by different pharmacological strategies. The second goal of this review was to identify diagnostic/prognostic biomarker candidates consistently observed across the literature. For this purpose, we explore previous biomarker-relevant "omics" studies of ALS and summarize their findings, focusing on potential circulating biomarker candidates. We systematically review 118 papers on biomarkers published during the last decade. Several candidate markers were consistently shared across the results of different studies in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood (leukocyte or serum/plasma). Although these candidates still need to be validated in a systematic manner, we suggest the use of combinations of biomarkers that would likely reflect the "health status" of different tissues, including motor neuron health (e.g., pNFH and NF-L, cystatin C, Transthyretin), inflammation status (e.g., MCP-1, miR451), muscle health (miR-338-3p, miR-206) and metabolism (homocysteine, glutamate, cholesterol). In light of these studies and because ALS is increasingly perceived as a multi-system disease, the identification of a panel of biomarkers that accurately reflect features of pathology is a priority, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for prognostic or predictive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie Marie-Rose Duguez
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
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20
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Pérez-Míguez R, Salido-Fortuna S, Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML. Advances in the Determination of Nonprotein Amino Acids in Foods and Biological Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:459-475. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1546113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Míguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Salido-Fortuna
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Lanznaster D, de Assis DR, Corcia P, Pradat PF, Blasco H. Metabolomics Biomarkers: A Strategy Toward Therapeutics Improvement in ALS. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1126. [PMID: 30619076 PMCID: PMC6305341 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) holds the promise of improving ALS diagnosis, follow-up of patients, and clinical trials outcomes. Metabolomics have a big impact on biomarkers identification. In this mini-review, we provide the main findings of metabolomics studies in ALS and discuss the most relevant therapeutics attempts that targeted some prominent alterations found in ALS, like glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, alterations in energetic metabolism, and creatinine levels. Metabolomics studies have reported putative diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers, but discrepancies among these studies did not allow validation of metabolic biomarkers for clinical use in ALS. In this context, we wonder whether metabolomics knowledge could improve ALS therapeutics. As metabolomics identify specific metabolic pathways modified by disease progression and/or treatment, we support that adjuvant or combined treatment should be used to rescue these pathways, creating a new perspective for ALS treatment. Some ongoing clinical trials are already trying to target these pathways. As clinical trials in ALS have been disappointing and considering the heterogeneity of the disease presentation, we support the application of a pharmacometabolomic approach to evaluate the individual response to drug treatments and their side effects, enabling the development of personalized treatments for ALS. We suggest that the best strategy to apply metabolomics for ALS therapeutics progress is to establish a metabolic signature for ALS patients in order to improve the knowledge of patient metabotypes, to choose the most adequate pharmacological treatment, and to follow the drug response and side effects, based on metabolomics biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Corcia
- Université de Tours, Inserm U1253, Tours, France.,Centre Constitutif SLA, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France.,Federation des centres SLA de Tours et Limoges, LITORALS, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre Référent Maladie Rare SLA, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.,Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Université de Tours, Inserm U1253, Tours, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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22
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Rockel JS, Kapoor M. The Metabolome and Osteoarthritis: Possible Contributions to Symptoms and Pathology. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040092. [PMID: 30551581 PMCID: PMC6315757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, deteriorative disease of articular joints. Although traditionally viewed as a local pathology, biomarker exploration has shown that systemic changes can be observed. These include changes to cytokines, microRNAs, and more recently, metabolites. The metabolome is the set of metabolites within a biological sample and includes circulating amino acids, lipids, and sugar moieties. Recent studies suggest that metabolites in the synovial fluid and blood could be used as biomarkers for OA incidence, prognosis, and response to therapy. However, based on clinical, demographic, and anthropometric factors, the local synovial joint and circulating metabolomes may be patient specific, with select subsets of metabolites contributing to OA disease. This review explores the contribution of the local and systemic metabolite changes to OA, and their potential impact on OA symptoms and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Rockel
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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23
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Stolz A, Jooß K, Höcker O, Römer J, Schlecht J, Neusüß C. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, methodology and applications. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:79-112. [PMID: 30260009 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Höcker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2016-2018. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:165-179. [PMID: 30232802 PMCID: PMC6586046 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of metabolomics, CE-MS is now recognized as a strong analytical technique for the analysis of (highly) polar and charged metabolites in a wide range of biological samples. Over the past few years, significant attention has been paid to the design and improvement of CE-MS approaches for (large-scale) metabolic profiling studies and for establishing protocols in order to further expand the role of CE-MS in metabolomics. In this paper, which is a follow-up of a previous review paper covering the years 2014-2016 (Electrophoresis 2017, 38, 190-202), main advances in CE-MS approaches for metabolomics studies are outlined covering the literature from July 2016 to June 2018. Aspects like developments in interfacing designs and data analysis tools for improving the performance of CE-MS for metabolomics are discussed. Representative examples highlight the utility of CE-MS in the fields of biomedical, clinical, microbial, and plant metabolomics. A complete overview of recent CE-MS-based metabolomics studies is given in a table, which provides information on sample type and pretreatment, capillary coatings and MS detection mode. Finally, some general conclusions and perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Biomedical Microscale Analytics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhardus J de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Current and future perspectives of functional metabolomics in disease studies-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:41-54. [PMID: 30292314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional metabolomics is a new concept, which studies the functions of metabolites and related enzymes focused on metabolomics. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional discovery metabolomics of mainly relying on literatures for biological interpretation. Functional metabolomics has many advantages. Firstly, the functional roles of metabolites and related metabolic enzymes are focused. Secondly, the in vivo and in vitro experiments are conducted to validate the metabolomics findings, therefore, increasing the reliability of metabolomics study and producing the new knowledge. Thirdly, functional metabolomics can be used by biologists to investigate functions of metabolites, and related genes and proteins. In this review, we summarize the analytical, biological and clinical platforms used in functional metabolomics studies. Recent progresses of functional metabolomics in cancer, metabolic diseases and biological phenotyping are reviewed, and future development is also predicted. Because of the tremendous advantages of functional metabolomics, it will have a bright future.
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Poinsot V, Ong-Meang V, Ric A, Gavard P, Perquis L, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electromigration methods: June 2015-May 2017. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:190-208. [PMID: 28805963 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the tenth edition of this article focused on recent advances in amino acid analysis using capillary electrophoresis, we describe the most important research articles published on this topic during the period from June 2015 to May 2017. This article follows the format of the previous articles published in Electrophoresis. The new developments in amino acid analysis with CE mainly describe improvements in CE associated with mass spectrometry. Focusing on applications, we mostly describe clinical works, although metabolomics studies are also very important. Finally, works focusing on amino acids in food and agricultural applications are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | | | - Audrey Ric
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gavard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Perquis
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
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