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Qian M, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Feng XS, Zhang ZB. Nitrophenols in the environment: An update on pretreatment and analysis techniques since 2017. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116611. [PMID: 38909393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrophenols, a versatile intermediate, have been widely used in leather, medicine, chemical synthesis, and other fields. Because these components are widely applied, they can enter the environment through various routes, leading to many hazards and toxicities. There has been a recent surge in the development of simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and effective techniques for determining these environmental pollutants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on the pretreatment and analysis methods of nitrophenols since 2017, with a focus on environmental samples. Pretreatment methods include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive extraction, and microextraction methods. Analysis methods mainly include liquid chromatography-based methods, gas chromatography-based methods, supercritical fluid chromatography. In addition, this review also discusses and compares the advantages/disadvantages and development prospects of different pretreatment and analysis methods to provide a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Román-Hidalgo C, Barreiros L, Villar-Navarro M, López-Pérez G, Martín-Valero MJ, Segundo MA. Electromembrane extraction based on biodegradable materials: Biopolymers as sustainable alternatives to plastics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Wang ZH, Xu DD, Bai XH, Hu S, Xing RR, Chen X. A study on the enrichment mechanism of three nitrophenol isomers in environmental water samples by charge transfer supramolecular-mediated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18973-18984. [PMID: 36223017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of extraction and enrichment of three nitrophenol isomers by charge-transfer supramolecular synergistic three-phase microextraction system, a charge transfer supramolecular-mediated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (CTSM-HF-LPME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method was established for the determination of real environmental water samples. In this study, the three nitrophenols (NPs) formed charge-transfer supramolecules with electron-rich hollow fibers, which promoted the transport of NPs in the three-phase extraction system and greatly increased the EFs of NPs. The relationships between the EFs of NPs and their solubility, pKa, apparent partition coefficient, equilibrium constant, and structural property parameters were investigated and discussed. At the same time, most of factors affecting the EFs of NPs were investigated and optimized, such as the type of extraction solvent, pH value of sample phase and acceptor phase, extraction time, and stirring speed. Under optimal conditions, the EFs of o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, and p-nitrophenol were 163, 145, and 87, respectively. With good linearity in the range of 5 × 10-7 ~ 1 µg/mL, and the limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL, the relative standard deviations of the method precision were lower than 7.4%, and the average recoveries were between 98.6 and 106.4%. This method had good selectivity and sensitivity, satisfactory precision, and accuracy and had been successfully applied to the trace detection of real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Dou Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Ji B, Han Y, Zhao W, Yang L, Xu X, Bai Y. Hydrophobic microporous extraction on polyurethane sponges for convenient and sensitive analysis of organic molecules in water. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9381. [PMID: 35986921 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Various solvent supports have been developed to overcome solvent instability during liquid-phase microextraction. The hydrophobic polyurethane sponge (PS) possesses numerous cross-linked internal microchannels and terminal micropores that can facilitate steady solvent storage capacity, high extraction efficiency, extractant loading, and recycling convenience. METHODS In this study, an easy, convenient, and efficient PS-supported liquid-phase microextraction (PS-LPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the trace analysis of different organic compounds in aqueous solutions. Different extraction solvents, PS dosages, stirring speeds, and extraction times were first investigated by extracting eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene), and then applied for the analysis of triazines, amides, chloroacetamides, and organophosphorus compounds. RESULTS High enrichment factors (approximately 208-439) were observed for the monitored PAHs. Good linearities, with determination coefficients (r2 ) greater than 0.9992, were achieved in the concentration range of 0.01-50 μg L-1 . Low limits of detection and quantification were found in the ranges of 0.3-3 ng L-1 and 1-10 ng L-1 , respectively. At three spiked concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μg L-1 ), good recoveries were obtained in the range of 91.6-118.5% with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of less than 6.4% and 11.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed PS-LPME method coupled with GC-MS was successfully applied in the analysis of different organic compounds in aqueous solutions and has shown great convenience and satisfactory enrichment performance in microextraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Ji
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Lanrui Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, P. R. China
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zulkipli NA, Khalik WMAWM, Ariffin MM, Aboul-Enein HY, Yahaya N, Kamaruzaman S, Loh SH. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Encapsulated Gellan Gum Membrane for Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water and Beverages. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Beh SY, Md Saleh N, Asman S. Surfactant-functionalised magnetic ferum oxide coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the extraction of phenol. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:607-619. [PMID: 33480366 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The usage of phenols in the marketplace has been increasing tremendously, which has raised concerns about their toxicity and potential effect as emerging pollutants. Phenol's structure has closely bonded phenyl and hydroxy groups, thereby making its functional characteristics closely similar to that of alcohol. As a result, phenol is used as a base compound for commercial home-based products. Hence, a simple and efficient procedure is required to determine the low concentration of phenols in environmental water samples. In this research, a method of combining magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with surfactant Sylgard 309 was developed to overcome the drawbacks in the classical extraction methods. In addition, this developed method improved the performance of extraction when MNPs and the surfactant Sylgard 309 were used separately, as reported in the previous research. This MNP-Sylgard 309 was synthesised by the coprecipitation method and attracts phenolic compounds in environmental water samples. Response surface methodology was used to study the parameters and responses in order to obtain an optimised condition using MNP-Sylgard 309. The parameters included the effect of pH, extraction time, and concentration of the analyte. Meanwhile, the responses measured were the peak area of the chromatogram and the percentage recovery. From this study, the results of the optimum conditions for extraction using MNP-Sylgard 309 were pH 7, extraction time of 20 min, and analyte concentration of 10.0 μg mL-1. Under the optimized conditions, MNP-Sylgard 309 showed a low limit of detection of 0.665 μg mL-1 and the limit of quantification was about 2.219 μg mL-1. MNP-Sylgard 309 was successfully applied on environmental water samples such as lake and river water. High recovery (76.23%-110.23%) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan Yih Beh
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tanimu A, Alhooshani K. N-sulfonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazole functionalized SBA-15: A porous organic-inorganic material for trace-level phenolic compounds extraction from water samples by stir bar-supported micro-solid-phase extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Delove Tegladza I, Qi T, Chen T, Alorku K, Tang S, Shen W, Kong D, Yuan A, Liu J, Lee HK. Direct immersion single-drop microextraction of semi-volatile organic compounds in environmental samples: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122403. [PMID: 32126428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-drop microextraction (SDME) techniques are efficient approaches to pretreatment of aqueous samples. The main advantage of SDME lies in the miniaturization of the solvent extraction process, minimizing the hazards associated with the use of toxic organic solvents. Thus, SDME techniques are cost-effective, and represent less harm to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles. In practice, two main approaches can be used to perform SDME - direct immersion (DI)-SDME and headspace (HS)-SDME. Even though the DI-SDME has been shown to be quite effective for extraction and enrichment of various organic compounds, applications of DI-SDME are normally more suitable for moderately polar and non-polar semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) using organic solvents which are immiscible with water. In this review, we present a historical overview and current advances in DI-SDME, including the common analytical tools which are usually coupled with DI-SDME. The review also focuses on applications concerning SVOCs in environmental samples. Currents trends in DI-SDME and possible future direction of the procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Delove Tegladza
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tong Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Svoboda L, Licciardello N, Dvorský R, Bednář J, Henych J, Cuniberti G. Design and Performance of Novel Self-Cleaning g-C 3N 4/PMMA/PUR Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E850. [PMID: 32272693 PMCID: PMC7240415 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of photocatalytic applications, the photocatalyst is dispersed as a suspension of nanoparticles. The suspension provides a higher surface for the photocatalytic reaction in respect to immobilized photocatalysts. However, this implies that recovery of the particles by filtration or centrifugation is needed to collect and regenerate the photocatalyst. This complicates the regeneration process and, at the same time, leads to material loss and potential toxicity. In this work, a new nanofibrous membrane, g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR, was prepared by the fixation of exfoliated g-C3N4 to polyurethane nanofibers using thin layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The optimal amount of PMMA was determined by measuring the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR membranes (with a different PMMA content) in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. It was found that the prepared membranes were able to effectively adsorb and decompose methylene blue. On top of that, the membranes evinced a self-cleaning behavior, showing no coloration on their surfaces after contact with methylene blue, unlike in the case of unmodified fabric. After further treatment with H2O2, no decrease in photocatalytic activity was observed, indicating that the prepared membrane can also be easily regenerated. This study promises possibilities for the production of photocatalytic membranes and fabrics for both chemical and biological contaminant control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Svoboda
- IT4Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (J.B.)
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (N.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Richard Dvorský
- IT4Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (J.B.)
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bednář
- IT4Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (J.B.)
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Henych
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic;
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (N.L.); (G.C.)
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Javadi T, Farajmand B, Yaftian MR, Zamani A. Homogenizer assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the extraction-enrichment of phenols from aqueous samples and determination by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Tajabadi F, Ghambarian M. Carrier-mediated extraction: Applications in extraction and microextraction methods. Talanta 2020; 206:120145. [PMID: 31514894 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present review is mainly focused on the overview of carrier mediated extraction (principles and applications) being reported over the last two decades and discusses the extraction process through carriers in various extraction methods such as Bulk liquid membranes, supported liquid membranes, emulsion liquid membranes and polymer inclusion membranes. Several types of carriers such as neutral, anionic, cationic, macrocyclic and supramulecular carriers are discussed. Also their application for metal, anions, drugs and environmental compounds are investigated. Carriers have been demonstrated to be useful for the selective extraction and recovery of numerous cations and anions enhancing the extraction properties of traditional solvent extraction and ion-exchange processes. Several types of carriers have different transport mechanisms. In these mechanisms, transport configurations are addressed and emphasized and the detailed information on the type of carrier are presented along with their specific separation modes. The performance of different carriers in terms of selectivity as well as efficiency are also discussed. Finally, the application of different carriers for the extraction of various compounds are compared and reviewed. To our best knowledge no reviews have been published on carrier-mediated extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tajabadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Ghambarian
- Iranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Jillani SMS, Alhooshani K. Yttria‐based sol–gel coating for capillary microextraction online coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2435-2443. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Alhooshani
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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Yaripour S, Mohammadi A, Mousavi S, Esfanjani I, Arabzadeh N, Mozaffari S. Simultaneous Determination of 2-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater by Electromembrane Extraction Coupled with HPLC-UV Analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In the present study, an electromembrane extraction (EME) followed by a simple high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater sample. Main parameters of electromembrane extraction were evaluated and optimized. Methods: 1-octanol was immobilized in the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber as supported liquid membrane. As a driving force, a 100 volt electrical voltage was applied to transfer the analytes from the sample solution (pH, 7.5) through the supported liquid membrane into an acceptor solution (pH, 12). Results: The best enrichment factors were obtained 36 and 72 for 2-NP and 4-NP, respectively after 15 minutes of extraction. The effect of carbon nanotube, as a solid nano-sorbent on EME efficiency, was also evaluated. The proposed method provided the linearity in the range of 10-1000 ng/mL for 2-NP (R2> 0.9997) and 4-NP (R2> 0.9999) with repeatability range (% RSD) between 2.6-10.3 % (n = 3). The limit of detection was 3 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. Conclusion: Finally, the method was applied for the determination of 2-NP and 4-NP in industrial wastewater samples with relative recoveries in the range between 67–76 %. EME improved the sensitivity of HPLC-UV for the determination of trace concentrations of these analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Esfanjani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Arabzadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen B, Zhu C, Fei J, Jiang Y, Yin C, Su W, He X, Li Y, Chen Q, Ren Q, Chen Y. Reaction kinetics of phenols and p-nitrophenols in flowing aerated aqueous solutions generated by a discharge plasma jet. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:55-63. [PMID: 30300778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for removing phenols and p-nitrophenols (PNPs) from flowing aqueous solutions generated by atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs). For analyzing the removal characteristics, multiple techniques were used, including flow speed analysis of the aerated solution, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and liquid chromatography. In addition, the reaction kinetics of diffusion and activation control processes were evaluated using aerated fluid speed variation and the corresponding activation energy. From these results, the relative intensities of hydroxyl radicals produced by an APPJ in water were found to be stronger than those in air and to decrease with increasing flow speed. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics were found to be diffusion-controlled when the solution flow speed was low and activation-controlled under high solution flow speed. It was also found that the degradation efficiency was enhanced with increasing flow speed, which increased the discharge voltage and temperature of the solution and changed the initial pH value when TiO2/UV catalysis was used. From the complex relationship between the reactive species, fluid diffusion, and discharge parameters in wastewater described herein, it is anticipated that these findings will facilitate new approaches to both the design and optimization of discharge reactors intended for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Changzhou 213022, PR China; College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China.
| | - Changping Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Changzhou 213022, PR China.
| | - Juntao Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Changzhou 213022, PR China.
| | - Yongfeng Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China
| | - Cheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Changzhou 213022, PR China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Qinggong Ren
- School of Pertrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, PR China
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16
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Tang S, Qi T, Ansah PD, Nalouzebi Fouemina JC, Shen W, Basheer C, Lee HK. Single-drop microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Carasek E, Merib J, Mafra G, Spudeit D. A recent overview of the application of liquid-phase microextraction to the determination of organic micro-pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Xue H, Yan Y, Hou Y, Li G, Hao C. Novel carbon quantum dots for fluorescent detection of phenol and insights into the mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenol is considered as one of the most important pollutants in the water environment, and thus its detection plays a cardinal role in environmental assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- China
| | - Yang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- China
| | - Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- China
| | - Guanglan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- China
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- China
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