1
|
Lu R, Luo Y, Su L, Ye S, Wang X, Ren W, Zhang J, Zhao F, Zheng C. Field Detection of Uranyl in Coastal Water of China Using a Portable Device via DNA Photocleavage. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11525-11532. [PMID: 38966896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for field detection of uranium in seawater is 2-fold: to provide prompt guidance for uranium extraction and to prevent human exposure to nuclear radiation. However, current methods for this purpose are largely hindered by bulky instrumentation, high costs of developed materials, and severe matrix interferences, which limit their further application in the field. Herein, we demonstrated a portable and label-free strategy for the field detection of uranyl in seawater based on the efficient photocleavage of DNA. Further experiments confirmed the generation of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2•- and •OH, which fragmented oligomeric DNA in the presence of uranyl and UV light. Detailed studies showed that DNA significantly enhances uranyl absorption in the UV-visible region, leading to the generation of more ROS. A fluorescence system for the selective detection of uranyl in seawater was established by immobilizing two complementary oligonucleotides with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I. The strategy of UV-induced photocleavage offers high selectivity, excellent interference immunity, and high sensitivity for uranyl, with a detection limit of 6.8 nM. Additionally, the fluorescence can be visually detected using a 3D-printed miniaturized device integrated with a smartphone. This method has been successfully applied to the on-site detection of uranyl in seawater in 18 Chinese coastal cities and along the coast of Hainan Island within 3 min for a single sample. The sample testing and field analysis results indicate that this strategy has promising potential for real-time monitoring of trace uranyl in China's coastal waters. It is expected to be utilized for the rapid assessment of nuclear contamination and nuclear engineering construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yijing Luo
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Lei Su
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Simin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei Ren
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norman C, Marland V, McKenzie C, Ménard H, Nic Daéid N. Evaluation of fentanyl immunoassay test strips for rapid in-situ detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in seized samples and alternative matrices. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 118:104102. [PMID: 37343365 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion mobility spectrometry is used for the rapid detection of drugs at points of security but are unable to differentiate some drugs leading to the instrument alarming for a drug not present in the sample. This can be particularly problematic for samples that alarm for fentanyl. In this study, fentanyl immunoassay strips were evaluated for use as a secondary test for fentanyl, including for the testing of alternative matrices, such as powders, e-liquids, and infused papers and textiles. METHODS The limit of detection of fentanyl immunoassay strips was examined along with their selectivity to 18 fentanyl analogsand 72 other drugs and cutting agents. The effectiveness of the test strips at the detection of fentanyl in the presence of other drugs was examined by testing a series of concentrations of fentanyl in solution in combination with other drugs. The testing of alternative matrices was explored with laboratory prepared samples through sampling with cotton buds and extraction in water. RESULTS The fentanyl immunoassay strips detected fentanyl at concentrations of 45 ng/mL and reacted with 16 of 18 tested fentanyl analogs with carfentanil and norfentanyl being the only analogs to not react. There was no reactivity with other drugs or cutting agents. The effectiveness of the fentanyl test strips was not reduced when fentanyl was mixed with other drugs. Fentanyl was successfully detected with high sensitivity in all alternative matrices. CONCLUSION The fentanyl immunoassay strips were found to be an effective secondary test for fentanyl and at least 16 fentanyl analogs in seized drug samples, including when mixed with other drugs. The effectiveness of the sampling methods for alternative matrices should be further evaluated using fentanyl and fentanyl analog casework samples. The use of this method by law enforcement and other agencies should be examined to assess its effectiveness and ease of use in operational settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Norman
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Victoria Marland
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Chiron AS, Stiklestadveien 1, 7041 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hervé Ménard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Niamh Nic Daéid
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norman C, McKirdy B, Walker G, Dugard P, NicDaéid N, McKenzie C. Large-scale evaluation of ion mobility spectrometry for the rapid detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers in prisons. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:644-663. [PMID: 33058556 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), colloquially known as "spice," are commonly used in prisons and enter establishments via the mail in the form of infused papers. Many prisons use benchtop ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) instruments to screen mail and seized materials for the presence of SCRAs and other controlled substances. The selectivity and sensitivity of Rapiscan Itemiser® 3E and Itemiser® 4DN Ion Trap Mobility Spectroscopy™ (ITMS™) systems were evaluated using 21 SCRA reference standards. Some differences in the SCRA reduced mobility (K0 ) values were observed between this study and those reported previously using IMS detection systems, particularly for cumyl and quinolinyl SCRAs (e.g., 5F-PB-22, Cumyl-4CN-BINACA, and 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE), although this was found to have little effect at an operational level. Operational reliability of the systems was evaluated by analyzing 392 paper and card samples with known drug content. ITMS™ system results (e.g., detect or nondetect) were in agreement with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in up to 95% of samples tested. Overall, this study found the ITMS™ systems tested to be effective instruments when deployed for the rapid detection of SCRA-infused papers. Used effectively and with up-to-date substance libraries, they will help reduce the supply of SCRAs into prisons and identify emerging threats as they arise. Several emerging SCRAs (5F-MPP-PICA, 5F-EMB-PICA, and 4F-MDMB-BICA) were detected for the first time in Scottish prisons between May and August 2020 as a result of routine monitoring, and all were detected using the ITMS™ systems tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Norman
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Brian McKirdy
- HMP Inverness, Scottish Prison Service, Inverness, UK
| | - Gillian Walker
- Public Protection Unit, Scottish Prison Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pat Dugard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Niamh NicDaéid
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mannion DR, Mannion JM, Kuhne WW, Wellons MS. Matrix-Assisted Ionization of Molecular Uranium Species. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:8-13. [PMID: 33253565 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) demonstrates high sensitivity for a variety of organic compounds; however, few studies have reported the application of MAI for the detection and characterization of inorganic analytes. Trace-level uranium analysis is important in the realms of nuclear forensics, nuclear safeguards, and environmental monitoring. Traditional mass spectrometry methods employed in these fields require combinations of extensive laboratory chemistry sample preparation and destructive ionization methods. There has been recent interest in exploring ambient mass spectrometry methods that enable timely sample analysis and higher sensitivity than what is attainable by field-portable radiation detectors. Rapid characterization of uranium at nanogram levels is demonstrated in this study using MAI techniques. Mass spectra were collected on an atmospheric pressure mass spectrometer for solutions of uranyl nitrate, uranyl chloride, uranyl acetate, and uranyl oxalate utilizing 3-nibrobenzonitrile as the ionization matrix. The uranyl complexes investigated were detectable, and the chemical speciation was preserved. Sample analysis was accomplished in a matter of seconds, and limits of detection of 5 ng of uranyl nitrate, 10 ng of uranyl oxalate, 100 ng of uranyl chloride, and 200 ng of uranyl acetate were achieved. The observed gas-phase speciation was similar to negative-ion electrospray ionization of uranyl compounds with notable differences. Six matrix-derived ions were detected in all negative-ion mass spectra, and some of these ions formed adducts with the uranyl analyte. Subsequent analysis of the matrix suggests that these molecules are not matrix contaminants and are instead created during the ionization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Mannion
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Joseph M Mannion
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Wendy W Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Matthew S Wellons
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang D, Chen C, Wang X, Li M, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Li E, Li H. Online monitoring of end-tidal propofol in balanced anesthesia by anisole assisted positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometer. Talanta 2020; 211:120712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
6
|
Coopersmith K, Cody RB, Mannion JM, Hewitt JT, Koby SB, Wellons MS. Rapid paper spray mass spectrometry characterization of uranium and exemplar molecular species. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1695-1702. [PMID: 31267593 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ability to detect and quantify the presence of specific inorganic elements and complexes is essential for environmental monitoring and nuclear safeguards applications. In this work, paper spray ionization mass spectrometry was used for the rapid chemical and isotopic characterization of trace inorganic species collected on cotton swipe substrates. The direct analysis of cotton swipes using this ambient ionization technique led to fast sample analysis that retained original chemical information of the source material with minimal sample preparation. METHODS Mass spectra were collected with an atmospheric pressure ionization, high-resolution mass spectrometer for solutions containing uranyl acetate, uranyl chloride, uranyl nitrate, and uranyl tri-n-butylphosphate complexes. Gadolinium nitrate was used as an internal standard for the quantitative analysis of uranium. To demonstrate the ability to characterize inorganic contaminants in the presence of uranium, a multi-element inorganic standard containing U, Bi, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Zn was deposited onto cotton substrates and directly analyzed without purification. RESULTS All elements doped on the cotton substrate were detected with strong signal-to-noise ratios (ca 1000 for UO2 + on multi-element doped swipes) and high integrated intensities (>105 counts) from collection periods of approximately 1 min. Limits of detection were determined to be approximately 94 ng for UO2 + and uranyl acetate through the measurement of ppb level solutions. CONCLUSIONS The rapid analysis of uranium and other inorganic-containing samples while still retaining original chemical information (e.g. uranyl complexation) was demonstrated. Qualitative detection and speciation were achieved in less than 1 min of analysis. For uranium isotopic quantitation, longer accumulations (>15 min) can be sustained to improve the accuracy of minor 235 U isotopic abundance measurements to approximately 1% error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Mannion
- Savannah River National Laboratory, PO Box A, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA
| | - Joshua T Hewitt
- Savannah River National Laboratory, PO Box A, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA
| | - Samuel B Koby
- Savannah River National Laboratory, PO Box A, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|