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Sharma A, Wulff A, Thomas A, Sonkusale S. Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for detection of salivary cortisol in stress conditions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:103. [PMID: 38231275 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A natural stress response induces elevated cortisol levels in biological fluids, such as saliva. While current sensor technologies can detect cortisol in real time, their sensitivity and reliability for human subjects have not been assured. This is due to relatively low concentrations of salivary cortisol, which fluctuate throughout the day and vary significantly between individuals. To address these challenges, we present an improved electrochemical biosensor leveraging graphene's exceptional conductivity and physicochemical properties. A 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PBASE-NHS)-modified commercial graphene foam (GF) electrode is presented to realize an ultra-sensitive biosensor for cortisol detection directly in human saliva. The biosensor fabrication process entails the attachment of anti-cortisol monoclonal antibodies (mAb-cort) onto a PBASE-NHS/GF electrode through noncovalent immobilization on the vertically stratified graphene foam electrode surface. This unique immobilization strategy preserves graphene's structural integrity and electrical conductivity while facilitating antibody immobilization. The binding of cortisol to immobilized mAb-cort is read out via differential pulse voltammetry using ferri/ferro redox reactions. The immunosensor demonstrates an exceptional dynamic range of 1.0 fg mL-1 to 10,000 pg mL-1 (R2 = 0.9914) with a detection limit of 0.24 fg mL-1 (n = 3) for cortisol. Furthermore, we have established the reliability of cortisol sensors in monitoring human saliva. We have also performed multiple modes of validation, one against the established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a second by a third-party service Salimetric on 16 student volunteers exposed to different stress levels, showing excellent correlation (r = 0.9961). These findings suggest the potential for using mAb-cort/PBASE-NHS/GF-based cortisol electrodes for monitoring salivary cortisol in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Nano Lab, Advanced Technology Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Alia Wulff
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ayanna Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Nano Lab, Advanced Technology Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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2
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Li Z, Chen F, Zhu N, Zhang L, Xie Z. Tip-Enhanced Sub-Femtomolar Steroid Immunosensing via Micropyramidal Flexible Conducting Polymer Electrodes for At-Home Monitoring of Salivary Sex Hormones. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21935-21946. [PMID: 37922489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive testing and continuous monitoring of ultralow-concentration hormones in biofluids have attracted increasing interest for health management and personalized medicine, in which saliva could fulfill the demand. Steroid sex hormones such as progesterone (P4) and β-estradiol (E2) are crucial for female wellness and reproduction; however, their concentrations in saliva can vary down to sub-pM and constantly fluctuate over several orders of magnitude. This remains a major obstacle toward user-friendly and reliable monitoring at home with low-cost flexible biosensors. Herein we introduce a 3D micropyramidal electrode architecture to address such challenges and achieve an ultrasensitive flexible electrochemical immunosensor with sub-fM-level detection capability of salivary sex hormones within a few minutes. This is enabled by micropyramidal electrode arrays consisting of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin film as the coating layer and electrochemically decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to improve the antibody immobilization. The enhanced mass transport around the 3D tips provided by the micropyramidal architecture is discovered to improve the detection limit by 3 orders of magnitude, pushing it to as low as ∼100 aM for P4 and ∼20 aM for E2, along with a wide linear range up to μM. Accordingly, these hormones down to sub-fM in >1000-fold-diluted saliva samples can be accurately measured by the printed soft immunosensors, thus allowing at-home testing through simple saliva dilution to minimize the interfering substances instead of centrifugation. Finally, monitoring of the female ovarian hormone cycle of both P4 and E2 is successfully demonstrated based on the centrifuge-free saliva testing during a period of 4 weeks. This ultrasensitive and soft 3D microarchitected electrode design is believed to provide a universal platform for a diverse variety of applications spanning from accurate clinical diagnostics and counselling and in vivo detection of bioactive species to environmental and food quality tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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3
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Kataoka H, Ohshima H, Ohkawa T. Simultaneous analysis of multiple steroidal biomarkers in saliva for objective stress assessment by on-line coupling of automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction and polarity-switching LC-MS/MS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Kaur S, Gupta N, Malhotra BD. Recent developments in wearable & non-wearable point-of-care biosensors for cortisol detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:217-230. [PMID: 36880128 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2184260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cortisol is one of the most prominent biomarkers used for the detection of psychological stress and related disorders. It plays an important role in many physiological processes including immunomodulation and fat metabolism. Thus, monitoring of cortisol levels can be used to indicate different pathological conditions including stress disorders. There has been a gradual rise in the development of point of care (PoC) biosensors for continuous cortisol monitoring. AREAS COVERED This review discusses recent breakthroughs toward the development of PoC sensors (wearable and non wearable) for cortisol monitoring. Challenges associated with them have also been summarized. EXPERT OPINION Electrochemical PoC devices have recently emerged as a powerful tools for continuous monitoring of cortisol that can be utilized for stress management and treatment of related disorders. However, there are many challenges that should be addressed before such devices can be deployed at mass level, such as inter-individual variability, changing the device calibration with the circadian rhythm, interference from other endocrine moieties, etc. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Nanobioelectronics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Niharika Gupta
- Nanobioelectronics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, INDIA.,Biomedical Instrumentation Section, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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5
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensors for saliva biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:1-41. [PMID: 36858644 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of salivary biomarkers has gained interest and is advantageous for simple, safe, and non-invasive testing in diagnosis as well as treatment. This chapter explores the importance of saliva biomarkers and summarizes recent advances in biosensor fabrication. The identification of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic markers in this matrix enables more rapid and frequent testing when combined with the use of biosensor technology. Challenges and future goals are highlighted and examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Karachaliou CE, Koukouvinos G, Goustouridis D, Raptis I, Kakabakos S, Petrou P, Livaniou E. Cortisol Immunosensors: A Literature Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020285. [PMID: 36832050 PMCID: PMC9954523 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is involved in a broad range of physiological processes in human/animal organisms. Cortisol levels in biological samples are a valuable biomarker, e.g., of stress and stress-related diseases; thus, cortisol determination in biological fluids, such as serum, saliva and urine, is of great clinical value. Although cortisol analysis can be performed with chromatography-based analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), conventional immunoassays (radioimmunoassays (RIAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), etc.) are considered the "gold standard" analytical methodology for cortisol, due to their high sensitivity along with a series of practical advantages, such as low-cost instrumentation, an assay protocol that is fast and easy to perform, and high sample throughput. Especially in recent decades, research efforts have focused on the replacement of conventional immunoassays by cortisol immunosensors, which may offer further improvements in the field, such as real-time analysis at the point of care (e.g., continuous cortisol monitoring in sweat through wearable electrochemical sensors). In this review, most of the reported cortisol immunosensors, mainly electrochemical and also optical ones, are presented, focusing on their immunosensing/detection principles. Future prospects are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Georgios Koukouvinos
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goustouridis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Christou Lada 40, 121 32 Athens, Greece
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 44 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Christou Lada 40, 121 32 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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7
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Cardoso AG, Viltres H, Ortega GA, Phung V, Grewal R, Mozaffari H, Ahmed SR, Rajabzadeh AR, Srinivasan S. Electrochemical sensing of analytes in saliva: Challenges, progress, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Ben Halima H, Zine N, Bausells J, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Errachid A. A Novel Cortisol Immunosensor Based on a Hafnium Oxide/Silicon Structure for Heart Failure Diagnosis. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13122235. [PMID: 36557534 PMCID: PMC9786208 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessing cortisol levels in human bodies has become essential to diagnose heart failure (HF). In this work, we propose a salivary cortisol detection strategy as part of an easily integrable lab-on-a-chip for detection of HF biomarkers. Our developed capacitive immunosensor based on hafnium oxide (HfO2)/silicon structure showed good linearity between increasing cortisol concentration and the charge-transfer resistance/capacitance. Moreover, the developed biosensor was demonstrated to be highly selective toward cortisol compared to other HF biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The precision of our developed biosensor was evaluated, and the difference between the determined cortisol concentration in saliva and its expected one is <18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Halima
- Institut de Sciences Analytiques (ISA)-UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institut de Sciences Analytiques (ISA)-UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Joan Bausells
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institut de Sciences Analytiques (ISA)-UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institut de Sciences Analytiques (ISA)-UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon, France
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9
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Smajdor J, Paczosa-Bator B, Piech R. Advances on Hormones and Steroids Determination: A Review of Voltammetric Methods since 2000. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1225. [PMID: 36557132 PMCID: PMC9782681 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents advances in the electrochemical determination of hormones and steroids since 2000. A wide spectrum of techniques and working electrodes have been involved in the reported measurements in order to obtain the lowest possible limits of detection. The voltammetric and polarographic techniques, due to their sensitivity and easiness, could be used as alternatives to other, more complicated, analytical assays. Still, growing interest in designing a new construction of the working electrodes enables us to prepare new measurement procedures and obtain lower limits of detection. A brief description of the measured compounds has been presented, along with a comparison of the obtained results.
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Tian L, Jiang M, Su M, Cao X, Jiang Q, Liu Q, Yu C. Sweat cortisol determination utilizing MXene and multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite functionalized immunosensor. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Siavash Moakhar R, del Real Mata C, Jalali M, Shafique H, Sanati A, de Vries J, Strauss J, AbdElFatah T, Ghasemi F, McLean M, I. Hosseini I, Lu Y, Yedire SG, Mahshid SS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Liang C, Mahshid S. A Versatile Biomimic Nanotemplating Fluidic Assay for Multiplex Quantitative Monitoring of Viral Respiratory Infections and Immune Responses in Saliva and Blood. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204246. [PMID: 36253095 PMCID: PMC9685479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The last pandemic exposed critical gaps in monitoring and mitigating the spread of viral respiratory infections at the point-of-need. A cost-effective multiplexed fluidic device (NFluidEX), as a home-test kit analogous to a glucometer, that uses saliva and blood for parallel quantitative detection of viral infection and body's immune response in an automated manner within 11 min is proposed. The technology integrates a versatile biomimetic receptor based on molecularly imprinted polymers in a core-shell structure with nano gold electrodes, a multiplexed fluidic-impedimetric readout, built-in saliva collection/preparation, and smartphone-enabled data acquisition and interpretation. NFluidEX is validated with Influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 (original strain and variants of concern), and achieves low detection limit in saliva and blood for the viral proteins and the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), respectively. It is demonstrated that nanoprotrusions of gold electrodes are essential for the fine templating of antibodies and spike proteins during molecular imprinting, and differentiation of IgG and IgM in whole blood. In the clinical setting, NFluidEX achieves 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by testing 44 COVID-positive and 25 COVID-negative saliva and blood samples on par with the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.001, 95% confidence) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Houda Shafique
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Alireza Sanati
- Biosensor Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan81746‐73461Iran
| | - Justin de Vries
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Julia Strauss
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Tamer AbdElFatah
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Biosensor Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan81746‐73461Iran
| | - Myles McLean
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH4A 3J1Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS CentreJewish General HospitalMontrealQCH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Imman I. Hosseini
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
| | | | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan81746‐73461Iran
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH4A 3J1Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS CentreJewish General HospitalMontrealQCH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of BioengineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0E9Canada
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Yılmaz GE, Saylan Y, Göktürk I, Yılmaz F, Denizli A. Selective Amplification of Plasmonic Sensor Signal for Cortisol Detection Using Gold Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070482. [PMID: 35884285 PMCID: PMC9313393 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNP)-modified cortisol-imprinted (AuNP-MIP) plasmonic sensor was developed for signal amplification and real-time cortisol determination in both aqueous and complex solutions. Firstly, the sensor surfaces were modified with 3-(trimethoxylyl)propyl methacrylate and then pre-complex was prepared using the functional monomer N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester. The monomer solution was made ready for polymerization by adding 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. In order to confirm the signal enhancing effect of AuNP, only cortisol-imprinted (MIP) plasmonic sensor was prepared without AuNP. To determine the selectivity efficiency of the imprinting process, the non-imprinted (AuNP-NIP) plasmonic sensor was also prepared without cortisol. The characterization studies of the sensors were performed with atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. The kinetic analysis of the AuNP-MIP plasmonic sensor exhibited a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.97) for a wide range (0.01–100 ppb) with a low detection limit (0.0087 ppb) for cortisol detection. Moreover, the high imprinting efficiency (k′ = 9.67) of the AuNP-MIP plasmonic sensor was determined by comparison with the AuNP-NIP plasmonic sensor. All kinetic results were validated and confirmed by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaye Ezgi Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (G.E.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (G.E.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (G.E.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Fatma Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14900, Turkey;
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (G.E.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Tunable and Sensitive Detection of Cortisol Using Anisotropic Phosphorene with a Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique: Numerical Investigation. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tunable and ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are highly desirable for monitoring stress hormones such as cortisol, a steroid hormone formed in the human body’s adrenal glands. This paper describes the detection of cortisol using a bimetallic SPR sensor based on a highly anisotropic two-dimensional material, i.e., phosphorene. Thicknesses of bi-metal layers, such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), are optimized to achieve strong SPR excitation. The proposed sensor is rotated in-plane with a rotation angle (φ) around the z-axis to obtain the phosphorene anisotropic behavior. The performance parameters of the sensor are demonstrated in terms of higher sensitivity (347.78 °/RIU), maximum angular figure of merit (FOM* = 1780.3), and finer limit of detection (0.026 ng/mL). Furthermore, a significant penetration depth (203 nm) is achieved for the proposed sensor. The obtained results of the above parameters indicate that the proposed sensor outperforms the previously reported papers in the literature on cortisol detection using the SPR technique.
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Lipponen M, Hallikainen V, Kilpeläinen P. Effects of Nature-Based Intervention in Occupational Health Care on Stress – A Finnish Pilot Study Comparing Stress Evaluation Methods. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:577-593. [PMID: 35378740 PMCID: PMC8976576 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s353168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess methodology and its limitations for measuring effects of nature-based intervention (NBI). Patients and Methods Participants were 11 middle-aged female health care workers with lowered capacity to work. NBI included six group appointments in six months study period. Heart rate variability (HRV) and self-reported pain and work exhaustion were measured pre-post study period. Salivary α-amylase samples were collected immediately before and after three individual interventions. Salivary cortisol samples were collected on the same three interventions, on three consecutive days starting from the day of intervention, to assess (a) month effect (pre-post study period) and (b) day effect (intervention day vs non-intervention day). Results Individual interventions resulted in increase in α-amylase activity. However, the average fold increase decreased from the 3.05 ± 1.20 of the first intervention to 1.91 ± 1.00 and 1.46 ± 0.77 in the second and third intervention, respectively (p < 0.001). Cortisol concentrations were lower on intervention days vs non-intervention days, the difference being indicative (p = 0.050). Pain and work exhaustion decreased during the study period, as well as HRV, although any of these changes was not statistically significant. Conclusion For a large-scale study, it would be ideal to select assays for both major pathways: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be measured by cortisol, whereas response via autonomic nervous system can be measured by HRV, when roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can be pinpointed separately. Salivary α-amylase can be used when continuous monitoring is not possible. Psychological well-being of participants should be surveyed, as well as their activities and moods on sampling days recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lipponen
- Unit of Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paltamo, Finland
- Correspondence: Maija Lipponen, Unit of Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Manamansalontie 90, Paltamo, FI-88300, Finland, Tel +35 8295322024, Email
| | - Ville Hallikainen
- Unit of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Pekka Kilpeläinen
- Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland
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Nascimento ED, Fonseca WT, de Oliveira TR, de Correia CRSTB, Faça VM, de Morais BP, Silvestrini VC, Pott-Junior H, Teixeira FR, Faria RC. COVID-19 diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein detection in saliva using an ultrasensitive magneto-assay based on disposable electrochemical sensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 353:131128. [PMID: 34866796 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fueled the search for diagnostic tests aiming at the control and reduction of the viral transmission. The main technique used for diagnosing the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. However, considering the high number of cases and the underlying limitations of the RT-PCR technique, especially with regard to accessibility and cost of the test, one does not need to overemphasize the need to develop new and less expensive testing techniques that can aid the early diagnosis of the disease. With that in mind, we developed an ultrasensitive magneto-assay using magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles conjugated to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide (Gln24-Gln42) for the capturing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in human saliva. The technique applied involved the use of a disposable electrochemical device containing eight screen-printed carbon electrodes which allow the simultaneous analysis of eight samples. The magneto-assay exhibited an ultralow limit of detection of 0.35 ag mL-1 for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in saliva. The magneto-assay was tested in saliva samples from healthy and SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. In terms of efficiency, the proposed technique - which presented a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 93.7% for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-exhibited great similarity with the RT-PCR technique. The results obtained point to the application potential of this simple, low-cost magneto-assay for saliva-based point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evair D Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wilson T Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tássia R de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila R S T B de Correia
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P de Morais
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Virginia C Silvestrini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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Nascimento ED, Fonseca WT, de Oliveira TR, de Correia CRSTB, Faça VM, de Morais BP, Silvestrini VC, Pott-Junior H, Teixeira FR, Faria RC. COVID-19 diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein detection in saliva using an ultrasensitive magneto-assay based on disposable electrochemical sensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 353:131128. [PMID: 34866796 PMCID: PMC8626148 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fueled the search for diagnostic tests aiming at the control and reduction of the viral transmission. The main technique used for diagnosing the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. However, considering the high number of cases and the underlying limitations of the RT-PCR technique, especially with regard to accessibility and cost of the test, one does not need to overemphasize the need to develop new and less expensive testing techniques that can aid the early diagnosis of the disease. With that in mind, we developed an ultrasensitive magneto-assay using magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles conjugated to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide (Gln24-Gln42) for the capturing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in human saliva. The technique applied involved the use of a disposable electrochemical device containing eight screen-printed carbon electrodes which allow the simultaneous analysis of eight samples. The magneto-assay exhibited an ultralow limit of detection of 0.35 ag mL-1 for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in saliva. The magneto-assay was tested in saliva samples from healthy and SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. In terms of efficiency, the proposed technique - which presented a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 93.7% for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-exhibited great similarity with the RT-PCR technique. The results obtained point to the application potential of this simple, low-cost magneto-assay for saliva-based point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evair D Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wilson T Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tássia R de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila R S T B de Correia
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P de Morais
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Virginia C Silvestrini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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Yu C, Li L, Ding Y, Liu H, Cui H. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical aptasensor based on functionalized graphene and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for trace cortisol assay. Analyst 2022; 147:744-752. [PMID: 35103724 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel electrochemical aptasensor that integrates molecular imprinting techniques for trace analysis of cortisol. This sensor is based on functionalized graphene and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots. The morphology and structure of the modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The functional monomer aptamer and the template molecule cortisol were adsorbed on the electrode by electrostatic adsorption to construct an imprinted sensing platform. Under the optimal conditions, such as the concentration of template molecule, the ratio of template to functional monomer, the elution and adsorption time, the sensor exhibits linearity and a low detection limit of 10-12-10-8 M and 3.3 × 10-13 M, which is more sensitive than other reported cortisol analysis methods. In addition, this sensor can realize the determination of cortisol in salivary samples with high recovery values, showing great development potential in the field of life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hanyue Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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18
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PSA detection electrochemical immunosensor based on MOF-235 nanomaterial adsorption aggregation signal amplification strategy. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Perkins H, Higgins M, Marcato M, Galvin P, Teixeira SR. Immunosensor for Assessing the Welfare of Trainee Guide Dogs. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11090327. [PMID: 34562917 PMCID: PMC8465025 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is a well established biomarker hormone that regulates many processes in the body and is widely referred to as the stress hormone. Cortisol can be used as a stress marker to allow for detection of stress levels in dogs during the training process. This test will indicate if they will handle the stress under the training or if they might be more suitable as an assistant or companion dog. An immunosensor for detection of cortisol was developed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor was characterized using chemical and topographical techniques. The sensor was calibrated and its sensitivity determined using a cortisol concentration range of 0.0005 to 50 μg/mL. The theoretical limit of detection was found to be 3.57 fg/mL. When the immunosensor was tested on canine saliva samples, cortisol was detected and measured within the relevant physiological ranges in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Perkins
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle Higgins
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinara Marcato
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-8-3155-4592
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Pusomjit P, Teengam P, Thepsuparungsikul N, Sanongkiet S, Chailapakul O. Impedimetric determination of cortisol using screen-printed electrode with aptamer-modified magnetic beads. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:41. [PMID: 33452651 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A non-invasive aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor using disposable screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) was developed for simple, rapid, and sensitive determination of cortisol levels. Selective detection of cortisol based on a label-free electrochemical assay was achieved by specific recognition of the cortisol DNA aptamer (CApt). The CApt was modified with streptavidin magnetic beads (MBs) before simple immobilization onto the electrode surface using a neodymium magnet. The electrochemical behavior of the aptamer-based biosensor was assessed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) (vs Ag/AgCl). The specific binding between cortisol and CApt resulted in a decrease in charge transfer resistance (Rct) from EIS using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- with increasing cortisol concentration. Under optimal conditions, a linear range from 0.10 to 100 ng/mL with a low detection limit (3SD/slope) of 2.1 pg/mL was obtained. Furthermore, the proposed biosensing system exhibited a satisfactory recovery in the range 97.4-109.2% with 5.7-6.6% RSD in spiked artificial human sweat. Regarding the applications of this tool, the aptamer-based biosensor has potential to be a versatile and point-of-care (POC) device for simple, sensitive, selective, disposable, and low-cost cortisol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaporn Pusomjit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prinjaporn Teengam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nichanan Thepsuparungsikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Sucharat Sanongkiet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Çelik SY, Ilhan H. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Thermostable Alkaline Phosphatase from Geobacillus pallidus P26. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Zea M, Bellagambi FG, Ben Halima H, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Villa R, Gabriel G, Errachid A. Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detections: Almost there. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Zhou X, Cheng W, Yang F, Kang W, Zhang X. Portable electrochemical carbon cloth analysis device for differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry determination of Pb 2. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:613. [PMID: 33068167 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical carbon cloth (CC) analysis device (eCAD) is proposed for the determination of Pb2+ in environmental water samples, which was assembled using a single-step functional CC as both the sensing and the substrate material. The modified CC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The increase in electrochemical activity is due to the increased defective extent and excellent electrochemical activity of CC. Under optimum conditions (viz. a pH value of 4.5, deposition time of 160 s), the sensor is capable of determining Pb2+ by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at a typical working potential of - 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Response is linear from 5.0 × 10-9 to 3.0 × 10-6 M Pb2+, and the detection limit is 4.8 nM (at S/N = 3). The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of Pb2+ in real samples, with apparent recoveries from 96.0 to 102.0% and a relative standard deviation of less than 3.4%. In addition, the integration of the sensor with signal collection components has enabled us to realize on-site analysis of Pb2+, which is highlighted as a new generation of electrode platform for the development of a portable analysis device.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Fudan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Weidong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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Current methods for stress marker detection in saliva. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113604. [PMID: 32957066 PMCID: PMC7474833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of relevant biomarkers in stress conditions. Reference ranges of biomarkers in normal conditions. Saliva as easy-accessible specimen. Review of analytical methods for biomarker determination in saliva. Possibilities for design of point-of-care devices.
Stress and stress-related diseases are leading to drastic consequences in private and professional life. Therefore, the need for stress prevention strategies is of personal and economic interest. Especially during the recent period related to covid-19 outbreak and lock-down, an ongoing discussion of increasing stress etiology is reported. Biomarker analysis may help to assist diagnosis and classification of stress-related diseases and therefore support therapeutical decisions. Due to its non-invasive sampling, the analysis of saliva has become highly attractive compared to the detection methods in other specimen. This review article summarizes the status of research, innovative approaches, and trends. Scientific literature published since 2011 was excerpted with concentration on the detection of up to seven promising marker substances. Most often reported cortisol represents the currently best evaluated stress marker, while norepinephrine (noradrenaline) or its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol is also a quite commonly considered stress marker. Other complementary stress marker candidates are testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfonated analogue DHEA-S, alpha-amylase, secretory immunoglobulin A, and chromogranin A. Several working groups are researching in the field of stress marker detection to develop reliable, fast, and affordable methods. Analytical methods reported mainly focused on immunological and electrochemical as well as chromatographic methods hyphenated to mass spectrometric detection to yield the required detection limits.
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Pandey AK, Sharma AK, Marques C. On The Application of SiO 2/SiC Grating on Ag for High-Performance Fiber Optic Plasmonic Sensing of Cortisol Concentration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1623. [PMID: 32244720 PMCID: PMC7178356 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on high-accuracy simulation of a grating structure based fiber optic plasmonic sensor for salivary cortisol sensing. Gratings of SiO2 and SiC (one at a time) in combination with a thin Ag layer are considered to be in direct contact with analyte medium (solutions containing different concentrations of cortisol) considering that the groove regions are also filled with analyte. The optimization of Ag layer thickness is carried out to achieve maximum power loss (PL) corresponding to cortisol concentration variation. The variation of PL (in dB) spectra with the angle of incidence (α) is the sensing mechanism of the proposed scheme. Sensing performance is extensively analyzed in terms of sensitivity, limit-of-detection (LOD) and figure-of-merit (FOM) that incorporates both the sensitivity and the width of the corresponding PL curves. While the sensitivity and FOM values are significantly large, the results also reveal that in angular interrogation mode (AIM), an average LOD of 9.9 pg/mL and 9.8 pg/mL is obtained for SiO2 and SiC-based sensor designs, respectively. When the intensity interrogation method (IIM) in place of AIM is considered, an average LOD of 22.6 fg/mL and 68.17 fg/mL is obtained for SiO2 and SiC-based sensor designs, respectively. LOD (with IIM, in particular) is considerably better than the present-state-of-art related to cortisol monitoring. Pragmatic model for possible practical implementation of sensor scheme is also discussed. The involvement of optical fiber in the proposed sensor design makes it possible to implement it as a flexible sensor or for wearable solution for cortisol detection via sweat monitoring as well as for measuring cortisol level in aquaculture tanks where concentration levels are much lower than 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Pandey
- Physics Division, Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Narela, Delhi 110040, India;
| | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Physics Division, Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Narela, Delhi 110040, India;
| | - Carlos Marques
- I3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Svalova TS, Malysheva NN, Bubekova AK, Saigushkina AA, Medvedeva MV, Kozitsina AN. Effect of the Method for Immobilizing Receptor Layer on the Analytical Characteristics of a Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Determination of Measles Antibodies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482002015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of stress biomarkers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03558. [PMID: 32211542 PMCID: PMC7082534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid electrochemical immunoassay method was developed to detect and measure stress biomarkers (cortisol and cortisone) in two biological samples (Zebrafish whole-body and artificial saliva). This methodology utilizes an immunoassay approach taking advantage of the lock and key mechanism that is related to the antibody-antigen interaction depending on the reliable immobilization of the antibody labelled with ferrocene tags (Ab-Fc) on a modified tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) electrode using electrochemical instrumentation to build a POC platform. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained for this biosensor was 1.03 pg ml−1 for cortisol and 0.68 pg ml−1 for cortisone, respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.9852 and 0.9841 for cortisol and cortisone, respectively with a linear concentration from (0-50 ng ml−1) which covers the standard levels of stress hormones in both selected biological samples. The incubation time was investigated and 30 min was found to be the optimum incubation time. This time would be acceptable for the POC system as total process time can be determined within 35 min.
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28
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Suherman AL, Rasche B, Godlewska B, Nicholas P, Herlihy S, Caiger N, Cowen PJ, Compton RG. Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Lithium Ions in Authentic Human Saliva Using LiMn 2O 4-Modified Electrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2497-2506. [PMID: 31429259 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical sensor for the detection of lithium ions (Li+) in authentic human saliva at lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (LMO-GCEs) and screen-printed electrodes (LMO-SPEs). The sensing strategy is based on an initial galvanostatic delithiation of LMO followed by linear stripping voltammetry (LSV) to detect the reinsertion of Li+ in the analyte. The process was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and voltammetry. LSV measurements reveal a measurable lower limit of 50.0 μM in both LiClO4 aqueous solutions and synthetic saliva samples, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed analytical method down to low Li+ concentrations. Four different samples of authentic human saliva were then analyzed with the established sensing strategy using LMO-SPEs, showing good linearity over a concentration range up to 5.0 mM Li+ with high reproducibility (RSD < 7%) and applicability for routine monitoring purposes. The total time needed to analyze a sample is less than 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L. Suherman
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Bertold Rasche
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Beata Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - Philip Nicholas
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Shaun Herlihy
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Nigel Caiger
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Philip J. Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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Mollarasouli F, Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA. The Role of Electrochemical Immunosensors in Clinical Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E86. [PMID: 31324020 PMCID: PMC6784381 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An immunosensor is a kind of affinity biosensor based on interactions between an antigen and specific antigen immobilized on a transducer surface. Immunosensors possess high selectivity and sensitivity due to the specific binding between antibody and corresponding antigen, making them a suitable platform for several applications especially in the medical and bioanalysis fields. Electrochemical immunosensors rely on the measurements of an electrical signal recorded by an electrochemical transducer and can be classed as amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric, or impedimetric depending on the signal type. Among the immunosensors, electrochemical immunosensors have been more perfected due to their simplicity and, especially their ability to be portable, and for in situ or automated detection. This review addresses the potential of immunosensors destined for application in clinical analysis, especially cancer biomarker diagnosis. The emphasis is on the approaches used to fabricate electrochemical immunosensors. A general overview of recent applications of the developed electrochemical immunosensors in the clinical approach is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mollarasouli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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Chen X, Dong T, Wei X, Yang Z, Matos Pires NM, Ren J, Jiang Z. Electrochemical methods for detection of biomarkers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in serum and saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111453. [PMID: 31295711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death nowadays, and its underdiagnosis is still a great challenge. More effective diagnosis method is in urgent need since the traditional spirometry has many limitations in the practical application. The electrochemical (EC) detection methods have their unique advantages of high accuracy, short response time and easy integration of the system. In this review, recent works on the EC methods for COPD biomarkers including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are summarized. Five types of EC methods are highlighted in this study, as enzyme-labelled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labelled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magnetoimmunosensors, and field effect transistor (FET) immunosensors. To date, EC immunosensors have been exhibiting high analytical performance with a detection limit that can achieve several pg/mL or even lower. The simplicity of EC immunosensors makes them a perfect solution for a future point-of-care device to use in settings for COPD diagnosis and follow-up. Nevertheless, more efforts need to be paid on the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, a demand for the clinical diagnosis, and processes of assay simplification towards achieving one-step detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Juan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Abstract
Immunosensors are compact tools on which antibody and antigen interactions are formed. The specific interaction between antibody and antigen is detected by using a transducer and an electrical signal is measured. This specific interaction between these molecules makes immunosensor very attractive for several applications in different fields. Electrochemical immunosensors are successful devices in selective and sensitive detection of several analytes. Electrochemical transducing methods such as voltammetric, potentiometric, conductometric or impedimetric have been utilized in different applications due to their excellent properties such as being low-cost, sensitivity and simplicity. In this chapter, the fundamentals of electrochemical immunosensors are summarized and different applications in food, environmental and clinical analyses are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Gug IT, Tertis M, Hosu O, Cristea C. Salivary biomarkers detection: Analytical and immunological methods overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Amperometric sandwich immunoassay for determination of myeloperoxidase by using gold nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitized mesoporous carbon. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:262. [PMID: 30929076 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the amperometric determination of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO). The method is making use of (a) gold nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitized mesoporous carbons (AuNP@GMC); and (b) horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled secondary antibody (HRP@Ab2) immobilized on AuNP@GMC. MPO capture antibody (Ab1) was immobilized on the electrode modified with an AuNP-graphene oxide nanocomposite. The sandwich immunoreaction leads to the formation of the complex composed of Ab1, MPO, and HRP@Ab2. An amplified electrochemical signal is produced by electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 (at a typical voltage of -0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in the presence of enzymatically oxidized thionine. The peak current of thionine was measured using differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized steady-state conditions, the reduction peak increases in the 1 to 300 pg.mL-1 MPO concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.1 pg.mL-1 (at S/N = 3). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of AuNP-GO based sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for the determination of myeloperoxidase by using gold nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitized mesoporous carbons (AuNP@GMC) as a carrier for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled secondary antibody (HRP@Ab2).
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