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Yan S, Liu Q, Liang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang C, Xing D. Airborne microbes: sampling, detection, and inactivation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-35. [PMID: 39128871 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2377191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The human living environment serves as a habitat for microorganisms and the presence of ubiquitous airborne microbes significantly impacts the natural material cycle. Through ongoing experimentation with beneficial microorganisms, humans have greatly benefited from airborne microbes. However, airborne pathogens endanger human health and have the potential to induce fatal diseases. Tracking airborne microbes is a critical prerequisite for a better understanding of bioaerosols, harnessing their potential advantages, and mitigating associated risks. Although technological breakthroughs have enabled significant advancements in accurately monitoring airborne pathogens, many puzzles about these microbes remain unanswered due to their high variability and environmental diffusibility. Consequently, advanced techniques and strategies for special identification, early warning, and efficient eradication of microbial contamination are continuously being sought. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research status of airborne microbes, concentrating on the recent advances and challenges in sampling, detection, and inactivation. Particularly, the fundamental design principles for the collection and timely detection of airborne pathogens are described in detail, as well as critical factors for eliminating microbial contamination and enhancing indoor air quality. In addition, future research directions and perspectives for controlling airborne microbes are also suggested to promote the translation of basic research into real products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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El Hamd MA, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Abu-Hassan AA. Dual benefits of NBD-Cl fluorogenic action and sample pretreatment (SALLE) technology in the assessment of anticoagulant medication: Dabigatran in pharmaceutical capsules and plasma samples. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4824. [PMID: 39004773 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Dabigatran (DBG), marketed as Pradaxa, is an anticoagulant medication prescribed for the treatment and mitigation of blood clots and to lower the risk of stroke in individuals with the heart condition known as atrial fibrillation. This medication is specifically indicated for preventing blood clots post hip or knee replacement surgeries and in patients with a prior history of clots. Compared to warfarin, dabigatran serves as a viable alternative that does not necessitate routine blood monitoring tests. The complimentary benefits associated with SALL (salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction) and the fluorogenic capabilities of benzofurazan. These methods were combined to provide an affordable and sensitive DBG assaying method. The spectral strength of the yellow luminous product was examined at 533.8 nm and by adjustment of a wavelength of 474.7 nm for excitation. To assess its linearity, the calibration chart was tested across a DBG concentration range of 30-500 ng/ml. Via accurate computation based on ICH, the detection limit (LD) was determined to be 9.5 ng/ml, and the strategy can quantify the DBG to a limit of 28 ng/ml. To ensure success, various crucial parameters for method implementation have been extensively studied and adapted. The validation of the strategy adhered to the policies outlined by ICH, affirming its precision in quantifying DBG in capsules. Furthermore, the inclusion of SALLE steps facilitated accurate monitoring of DBG in plasma samples, introducing a unique and advanced methodology for analyzing this compound in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Abu-Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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Abu-Hassan AA, Shaaban Mohammed B, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, El Hamd MA. Synergistic utility of NBD-Cl fluorogenic loading activity and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction as sample pretreatment in rasagiline tracking in different matrices. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124168. [PMID: 38513420 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A typical drug used to treat Parkinson's disease is called rasagiline. It belongs to an assortment of drugs known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which function by raising dopamine levels in the brain. This work created a unique spectrofluorimetric method for the analytical assay of rasagiline for the first time. The approach utilized the synergistic utility of the fluorogenic properties of benzofurazan and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction. By combining these techniques an ultrasensitive, and highly selective methodology for the assay of rasagiline was established. Measurements were made of the resultant yellow fluorescent product at 533 nm by applying an excitation wavelength of 475.3 nm. The calibration graph was examined to assess its linearity across a range of 30-600 ng/ml. Through estimation, the limit of detection was discovered to be 8.9 ng/ml, while the quantitation limit was estimated to be 27 ng/ml. All relevant parameters influencing the fulfillment of the developed method were thoroughly examined and tuned. Following the directives set by the (ICH) the suggested approach was confirmed and demonstrated its capability for the accurate determination of rasagiline in tablets, as well as for testing content uniformity. The incorporation of salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction technology enables effective tracking of rasagiline in plasma samples, providing a novel and innovative approach for its analysis in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abu-Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Bassam Shaaban Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University 83523, Qena, Egypt.
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Sun R, Li Y, Du T, Qi Y. Recent advances in integrated dual-mode optical sensors for food safety detection. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Sivakumar R, Lee NY. Recent advances in airborne pathogen detection using optical and electrochemical biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340297. [PMID: 36328717 PMCID: PMC9395976 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The world is currently facing an adverse condition due to the pandemic of airborne pathogen SARS-CoV-2. Prevention is better than cure; thus, the rapid detection of airborne pathogens is necessary because it can reduce outbreaks and save many lives. Considering the immense role of diverse detection techniques for airborne pathogens, proper summarization of these techniques would be beneficial for humans. Hence, this review explores and summarizes emerging techniques, such as optical and electrochemical biosensors used for detecting airborne bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and viruses (Influenza A, Avian influenza, Norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2). Significantly, the first section briefly focuses on various diagnostic modalities applied toward airborne pathogen detection. Next, the fabricated optical biosensors using various transducer materials involved in colorimetric and fluorescence strategies for infectious pathogen detection are extensively discussed. The third section is well documented based on electrochemical biosensors for airborne pathogen detection by differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The unique pros and cons of these modalities and their future perspectives are addressed in the fourth and fifth sections. Overall, this review inspected 171 research articles published in the last decade and persuaded the importance of optical and electrochemical biosensors for airborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Sivakumar
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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Cao L, Wu L, Zhong H, Wu H, Zhang S, Meng J, Li F. Analysis of neurotransmitter catecholamines and related amines in human urine and serum by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl propionic ester)-difluoro-boradiaza-s-indacene. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo sensitive and effective methods were developed for the detection of catecholamines and related biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, levodopa and tyramine) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. A BODIPY fluorescent dye, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl propionic ester)-difluoroboradiaza- s-indacene was used as pre-column derivatization reagent. The separation and derivatization conditions were optimized in detail. In high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method, the derivatization reaction was completed at 35 °C for 20 min. At the wavelength of λex/λem = 493 nm/513 nm, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levodopa derivatives achieved baseline separation within 15 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 0.5 nmol/L, respectively. In capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection method, the derivatization reaction was completed at 25 °C for 20 min. Serotonin, tyramine and dopamine derivatives reached baseline separation within 10 min at the wavelength of λex = 473 nm. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for serotonin, tyramine, and dopamine were 0.3, 0.02, and 0.2 nmol/L, respectively. The amino compounds in human serum and urine samples were detected successfully, and the recoveries were 93.3%–106.7% and 91.0%–103.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hailan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianxin Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Xu Y, Hassan MM, Sharma AS, Li H, Chen Q. Recent advancement in nano-optical strategies for detection of pathogenic bacteria and their metabolites in food safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:486-504. [PMID: 34281447 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1950117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and their metabolites are the leading risk factor in food safety and are one of the major threats to human health because of the capability of triggering diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Nano-optical sensors for bacteria sensing have been greatly explored with the emergence of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence. In addition, with the rapid development of cross fusion technology, other technologies integrated nano-optical sensors show great potential in bacterial and their metabolites sensing. This review focus on nano-optical strategies for bacteria and their metabolites sensing in the field of food safety; based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), fluorescence, and colorimetric biosensors, and their integration with the microfluidic platform, electrochemical platform, and nucleic acid amplification platform in the recent three years. Compared with the traditional techniques, nano optical-based sensors have greatly improved the sensitivity with reduced detection time and cost. However, challenges remain for the simple fabrication of biosensors and their practical application in complex matrices. Thus, bringing out improvements or novelty in the pretreatment methods will be a trend in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Arumugam Selva Sharma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, Lin J. Recent advances on magnetic nanobead based biosensors: From separation to detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen Y, Deng W, Tan Y, Xie Q. CdS Quantum-Dots-Decorated V 2O 5 Nanosheets as Chemically Etchable Active Materials for Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29066-29073. [PMID: 32510918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here CdS quantum-dots (QDs)-decorated V2O5 nanosheets as high-performance and chemically etchable photoelectric active materials for constructing a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay platform. CdS QDs-decorated V2O5 nanosheets as new photoelectric materials can show superior photocurrent to V2O5 nanosheets and CdS QDs under visible-light irradiation because of the promoted photogenerated electron-hole separation and the increased visible-light absorption. V2O5 nanosheets can be etched by ascorbic acid (AA) because of the reduction of V2O5 to V4+, and the photocurrent of CdS/V2O5-nanocomposite-modified indium tin oxide electrode decreases significantly after being etched by AA. Inspired by this phenomenon, a PEC immunoassay platform is constructed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection by using CdS/V2O5 nanocomposite as the photoelectric material and AA-encapsulated liposome immunonanocapsules as labels. The linear detection range for detecting CEA is from 0.5 pg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1, with a limit of detection of 0.1 pg mL-1. The proposed method also shows good selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and satisfactory recovery in detection of CEA in human serum samples. We believe that this work will lay the foundation for the future development of V2O5-based materials for PEC analysis, and also provide a reasonable design and implementation for the development of PEC immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wenfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yueming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Yang H, Chen H, Cao L, Wang H, Deng W, Tan Y, Xie Q. An immunosensor for sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus using ZnS–Ag2S/polydopamine as photoelectric material and Cu2O as peroxidase mimic tag. Talanta 2020; 212:120797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang H, Zhao X, Yang H, Cao L, Deng W, Tan Y, Xie Q. Three-dimensional macroporous gold electrodes superior to conventional gold disk electrodes in the construction of an electrochemical immunobiosensor for Staphylococcus aureus detection. Analyst 2020; 145:2988-2994. [PMID: 32129334 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a three-dimensional macroporous gold (3DMG) electrode is demonstrated to be a better choice than a conventional gold disk electrode in the construction of an electrochemical immunobiosensor for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) detection. The 3DMG electrode was prepared on a gold disk electrode by one-step electrodeposition using hydrogen bubbles as dynamic templates. The 3DMG electrode has a high electrochemically active surface area with pore sizes ranging from 20 to 50 μm, and these unique features are conducive to the immobilization of primary antibodies and the capture of S. aureus. Secondary antibodies (Ab2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were immobilized on mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs), and the resulting ALP-MSNs-Ab2 composites were utilized as signal tags to construct a sandwich-type electrochemical immunobiosensor. S. aureus was measured based on alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed silver deposition and differential pulse voltammetric detection. The linear range is from 5 to 109 CFU mL-1, and the detection limit is 2 CFU mL-1 for S. aureus detection. Due to the signal amplification of the 3DMG electrode, the sensitivity of the immunobiosensor constructed on the 3DMG electrode is 9 times that of an immunobiosensor constructed on a gold disc electrode. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied for detecting S. aureus in milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Lin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Wenfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yueming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Yang H, Zhao X, Wang H, Deng W, Tan Y, Ma M, Xie Q. Sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay of Staphylococcus aureus based on one-pot electrodeposited ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles. Analyst 2019; 145:165-171. [PMID: 31724656 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here a facile synthesis of ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode and their application in the ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The ZnS/CdS/ITO electrode was prepared using one-pot electrodeposition in an acidic solution containing ZnCl2, CdCl2 and Na2S2O3. The optimal ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles with a Zn/Cd atomic ratio of 1 : 1 showed a high photoelectrochemical response to l-cysteine. l-Cysteine-encapsulated liposome (cysteine@liposome) immunonanocapsules were prepared and used as the labels for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus. By coupling cysteine@liposome immunonanocapsule labeling with immunomagnetic separation/enrichment and photoelectrochemical analysis using the ZnS/CdS/ITO electrode, sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus was achieved. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus was from 1 to 4000 CFU mL-1. The proposed method was successfully used for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus in milk and juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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