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Yan XH, Ji B, Fang F, Guo XL, Zhao S, Wu ZY. Fast and sensitive smartphone colorimetric detection of whole blood samples on a paper-based analytical device. Talanta 2024; 270:125515. [PMID: 38101035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods based on paper-based analytical devices (PAD) and smartphone photographic colorimetric detection have become representative instrument-independent point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms due to their low cost and simplicity. However, the detection of target components from whole blood sample still presents challenges in terms of field preparation of small amounts of blood sample and detection sensitivity. This paper presents a rapid online processing method for whole blood samples on PAD based on plasma separation membrane (PSM), and combined with electrokinetic stacking and selective chromatic reaction. Real-time smartphone-based colorimetric detection of free hemoglobin (FHb) and human serum albumin (HSA) was successfully demonstrated. RESULTS With the proposed method, both detections for low and high concentration analytes could be implemented. The limits of detection of 16.6 mg L-1 for FHb and 0.67 g L-1 for HSA were obtained, respectively, with RSD below 8 %. The reliability of the method was verified by the recovery test and desktop spectrophotometric method. The detection results for real blood samples were in agreement with that by clinical methods. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The PAD method is inexpensive, simple and fast, and detection of a whole blood sample of 5 μL can be finished in 5 min. This work shows that POCT of biomarkers from whole blood with PAD is possible without using any desktop facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Yan
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Bin Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Colom G, Hernandez-Albors A, Barallat J, Galan A, Bayes-Genis A, Salvador JP, Marco MP. A multiplexed immunochemical microarray for the determination of cardiovascular disease biomarkers. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:53. [PMID: 38151630 PMCID: PMC10752916 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence antibody microarray has been developed for the determination of relevant cardiovascular disease biomarkers for the analysis of human plasma samples. Recording characteristic protein molecular fingerprints to assess individual's states of health could allow diagnosis to go beyond the simple identification of the disease, providing information on its stage or prognosis. Precisely, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex disorders which involve different degenerative processes encompassing a collection of biomarkers related to disease progression or stage. The novel approach that we propose is a fluorescent microarray chip has been developed accomplishing simultaneous determination of the most significant cardiac biomarkers in plasma aiming to determine the CVD status stage of the patient. As proof of concept, we have chosen five relevant biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) as biomarker of inflammation, cystatin C (CysC) as biomarker of renal failure that is directly related with heart failure, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as already established biomarker for cardiac damage, heart fatty acid binding protein as biomarker of ischemia (H-FABP), and finally, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), a well-established heart failure biomarker. After the optimization of the multiplexed microarray, the assay allowed the simultaneous determination of 5 biomarkers in a buffer solution reaching LODs of 15 ± 5, 3 ± 1, 24 ± 3, 25 ± 3, and 3 ± 1 ng mL-1, for CRP, CysC, H-FABP, cTnI, and NT-proBNP, respectively. After solving the matrix effect, and demonstrating the accuracy for each biomarker, the chip was able to determine 24 samples per microarray chip. Then, the microarray has been used on a small pilot clinical study with 29 plasma samples from clinical patients which suffered different CVD and other related disorders. Results show the superior capability of the chip to provide clinical information related to the disease in terms of turnaround time (1 h 30 min total assay and measurement) and amount of information delivered in respect to reference technologies used in hospital laboratories (clinical analyzers). Despite the failure to detect c-TnI at the reported threshold, the microarray technology could be a powerful approach to diagnose the cardiovascular disease at early stage, monitor its progress, and eventually providing information about an eminent potential risk of suffering a myocardial infarction. The microarray chip here reported could be the starting point for achieving powerful multiplexed diagnostic technologies for the diagnosis of CVDs or any other pathology for which biomarkers have been identified at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Colom
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Hernandez-Albors
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Barallat
- Biochemistry Department, Metropolitan North Clinical Laboratory (LCMN), Germans Trias i Pujol Universitary Hospital, Ctra. de Canyet, s/n, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Galan
- Institut del Cor Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra. de Canyet, 1-3, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Institut del Cor Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra. de Canyet, 1-3, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Pablo Salvador
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Muneer R, Qazi REM, Fatima A, Ahmad W, Salim A, Dini L, Khan I. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and improves cardiomyopathy in vivo. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:821-841. [PMID: 37700819 PMCID: PMC10494566 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i8.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases particularly myocardial infarction (MI) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. As cardiac tissue possesses very limited regeneration potential, therefore use of a potent small molecule, inhibitor Wnt production-4 (IWP-4) for stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes could be a promising approach for cardiac regeneration. Wnt pathway inhibitors may help stem cells in their fate determination towards cardiomyogenic lineage and provide better homing and survival of cells in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the human umbilical cord have the potential to regenerate cardiac tissue, as they are easy to isolate and possess multilineage differentiation capability. IWP-4 may promote the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac lineage. AIM To evaluate the cardiac differentiation ability of IWP-4 and its subsequent in vivo effects. METHODS Umbilical cord tissue of human origin was utilized to isolate the MSCs which were characterized by their morphology, immunophenotyping of surface markers specific to MSCs, as well as by tri-lineage differentiation capability. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed to identify the optimal concentration of IWP-4. MSCs were treated with 5 μM IWP-4 at two different time intervals. Differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes was evaluated at DNA and protein levels. The MI rat model was developed. IWP-4 treated as well as untreated MSCs were implanted in the MI model, then the cardiac function was analyzed via echocardiography. MSCs were labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) dye for tracking, while the regeneration of infarcted myocardium was examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MSCs were isolated and characterized. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that IWP-4 was non-cytotoxic at 5 μM concentration. Cardiac specific gene and protein expression analyses exhibited more remarkable results in fourteen days treated group that was eventually selected for in vivo transplantation. Cardiac function was restored in the IWP-4 treated group in comparison to the MI group. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the homing of pre-differentiated MSCs that were labeled with DiI cell labeling dye. Histological analysis confirmed the significant reduction in fibrotic area, and improved left ventricular wall thickness in IWP-4 treated MSC group. CONCLUSION Treatment of MSCs with IWP-4 inhibits Wnt pathway and promotes cardiac differentiation. These pre-conditioned MSCs transplanted in vivo improved cardiac function by cell homing, survival, and differentiation at the infarcted region, increased left ventricular wall thickness, and reduced infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbia Muneer
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rida-E-Maria Qazi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Abiha Fatima
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Hemmateenejad B, Rafatmah E, Shojaeifard Z. Microfluidic paper and thread-based separations: Chromatography and electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464117. [PMID: 37300912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paper and thread are widely used as the substrates for fabricating low-cost, disposable, and portable microfluidic analytical devices used in clinical, environmental, and food safety monitoring. Concerning separation methods including chromatography and electrophoresis, these substrates provide unique platforms for developing portable devices. This review focuses on summarizing recent research on the miniaturization of the separation techniques using paper and thread. Preconcentration, purification, desalination, and separation of various analytes are achievable using electrophoresis and chromatography methods integrated with modified or unmodified paper/thread wicking channels. A variety of 2D and 3D designs of paper/thread platforms for zone electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and modified/unmodified chromatography are discussed with emphasis on their limitation and improvements. The current progress in the signal amplification strategies such as isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, ion concentration polarization, isoelectric focusing, and stacking methods in paper-based devices are reviewed. Different strategies for chromatographic separations based on paper/thread will be explained. The separation of target species from complex samples and their determination by integration with other analytical methods like spectroscopy and electrochemistry are well-listed. Furthermore, the innovations for plasma and cell separation from blood as an important human biofluid are presented, and the related paper/thread modification methods are explored.
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Mirza A, Khan I, Qazi REM, Salim A, Husain M, Herzig JW. Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cardiac lineage commitment of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by zebularine and 2'-deoxycytidine. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101850. [PMID: 35679684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin, a highly conserved signaling pathway, is involved in determining cell fate. During heart development, Wnt signaling controls specification, proliferation and differentiation of cardiac cells. This study is aimed to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cardiac lineage commitment of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) after treatment with demethylating agents, zebularine and 2'-deoxycytidine (2-DC). hUCMSCs were treated with 20 µM zebularine or 2-DC for 24 h and cultured for 14 days. Control and treated MSCs were analyzed for cardiac lineage commitment at gene and protein levels. Significant upregulation of early and late cardiac markers, GATA4, Nkx2.5, cardiac myosin heavy chain (cMHC), α-actinin, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was observed in treated MSCs as compared to the untreated control. We also analyzed gene expression of key Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules in cultures of treated and untreated hUCMSCs at 24 h, and days 3, 7 and 14. The pattern of mRNA gene expression showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated during cardiac lineage commitment of hUCMSCs in a time-dependent manner, with the pathway being activated early but inhibited later in cardiac development. Findings of this study can lead us to identify more specific and effective strategies for cardiac lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rida-E-Maria Qazi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a versatile electrophoretic technique that can be used for sample preconcentration, separation, purification, and mixing, and to control and accelerate chemical reactions. Although the basic technique is nearly a century old and widely used, there is a persistent need for an easily approachable, succinct, and rigorous review of ITP theory and analysis. This is important because the interest and adoption of the technique has grown over the last two decades, especially with its implementation in microfluidics and integration with on-chip chemical and biochemical assays. We here provide a review of ITP theory starting from physicochemical first-principles, including conservation of species, conservation of current, approximation of charge neutrality, pH equilibrium of weak electrolytes, and so-called regulating functions that govern transport dynamics, with a strong emphasis on steady and unsteady transport. We combine these generally applicable (to all types of ITP) theoretical discussions with applications of ITP in the field of microfluidic systems, particularly on-chip biochemical analyses. Our discussion includes principles that govern the ITP focusing of weak and strong electrolytes; ITP dynamics in peak and plateau modes; a review of simulation tools, experimental tools, and detection methods; applications of ITP for on-chip separations and trace analyte manipulation; and design considerations and challenges for microfluidic ITP systems. We conclude with remarks on possible future research directions. The intent of this review is to help make ITP analysis and design principles more accessible to the scientific and engineering communities and to provide a rigorous basis for the increased adoption of ITP in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ramachandran
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juan G Santiago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Fast and highly efficient multiplexed electrokinetic stacking on a paper-based analytical device. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Segal E. Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 32435872 DOI: 10.1007/10_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Alahmad W, Sahragard A, Varanusupakul P. Online and offline preconcentration techniques on paper-based analytical devices for ultrasensitive chemical and biochemical analysis: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113574. [PMID: 34474275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attracted much attention over the past decade. They embody many advantages, such as abundance, portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication, making them superior for clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety assurance. Despite these advantages, μPADs lack the high sensitivity to detect many analytes at trace levels than other commercial analytical instruments such as mass spectrometry. Therefore, a preconcentration step is required to enhance their sensitivity. This review focuses on the techniques used to separate and preconcentrate the analytes onto the μPADs, such as ion concentration polarization, isotachophoresis, and field amplification sample stacking. Other separations and preconcentration techniques, including liquid-solid and liquid-liquid extractions coupled with μPADs, are also reviewed and discussed. In addition, the fabrication methods, advantages, disadvantages, and the performance evaluation of the μPADs concerning their precision and accuracy were highlighted and critically assessed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ali Sahragard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Microfluidic colorimetric detection platform with sliding hybrid PMMA/paper microchip for human urine and blood sample analysis. Talanta 2021; 231:122362. [PMID: 33965028 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic colorimetric detection (MCD) platform consisting of a sliding hybrid PMMA/paper microchip and a smart analysis system is proposed for the convenient, low-cost and rapid analysis of human urine and whole blood samples. The sliding PMMA/paper microchip comprises a PMMA microfluidic chip for sample injection and transportation, a paper strip for sample filtration (urine) or separation (blood), and a sealed paper-chip detection zone for sample reaction and detection. In the proposed device, the paper-chip is coated with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and biuret reagent and is then assembled into the PMMA microchip and packaged in aluminum housing. In the detection process, the PMMA/paper microchip is slid partially out of the housing, and 2 μL of sample (urine or whole blood) is dripped onto the sample injection zone. The chip is then slid back into the housing and the sample is filtered/separated by the paper strip and transferred under the effects of capillary action to the sealed paper-chip detection zone. The housing is inserted into the color analysis system and heated at 45 °C for 5 min to produce a purple-colored reaction complex. The complex is imaged using a CCD camera and the RGB color intensity of the image is then analyzed using a smartphone to determine the total protein (TP) concentration of the sample. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using TP control samples with known concentrations in the range of 0.03-5.0 g/dL. The detection results obtained for 50 human urine samples obtained from random volunteers are shown to be consistent with those obtained from a conventional hospital analysis system (R2 = 0.992). Moreover, the detection results obtained for the albumin (ALB) and creatine (CRE) concentrations of 50 whole blood samples are also shown to be in good agreement with the results obtained from the hospital analysis system (R2 = 0.982 and 0.988, respectively).
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Ng HY, Lee WC, Kung CT, Li LC, Lee CT, Fu LM. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Devices for Contamination Detection and Quality Inspection of Milk. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:558. [PMID: 34068982 PMCID: PMC8156775 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a necessity for human life. However, it is susceptible to contamination and adulteration. Microfluidic analysis devices have attracted significant attention for the high-throughput quality inspection and contaminant analysis of milk samples in recent years. This review describes the major proposals presented in the literature for the pretreatment, contaminant detection, and quality inspection of milk samples using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-paper platforms in the past five years. The review focuses on the sample separation, sample extraction, and sample preconcentration/amplification steps of the pretreatment process and the determination of aflatoxins, antibiotics, drugs, melamine, and foodborne pathogens in the detection process. Recent proposals for the general quality inspection of milk samples, including the viscosity and presence of adulteration, are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief perspective on the challenges facing the future development of microfluidic devices for the analysis of milk samples in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Lee WC, Ng HY, Hou CY, Lee CT, Fu LM. Recent advances in lab-on-paper diagnostic devices using blood samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1433-1453. [PMID: 33881033 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-paper, or microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), use paper as a substrate material, and are patterned with a system of microchannels, reaction zones and sensing elements to perform analysis and detection. The sample transfer in such devices is performed by capillary action. As a result, external driving forces are not required, and hence the size and cost of the device are significantly reduced. Lab-on-paper devices have thus attracted significant attention for point-of-care medical diagnostic purposes in recent years, particularly in less-developed regions of the world lacking medical resources and infrastructures. This review discusses the major advances in lab-on-paper technology for blood analysis and diagnosis in the past five years. The review focuses particularly on the many clinical applications of lab-on-paper devices, including diabetes diagnosis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) detection, kidney function diagnosis, liver function diagnosis, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) analysis, sickle-cell disease (SCD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) analysis, virus analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP) analysis, blood ion analysis, cancer factor analysis, and drug analysis. The review commences by introducing the basic transmission principles, fabrication methods, structural characteristics, detection techniques, and sample pretreatment process of modern lab-on-paper devices. A comprehensive review of the most recent applications of lab-on-paper devices to the diagnosis of common human diseases using blood samples is then presented. The review concludes with a brief summary of the main challenges and opportunities facing the lab-on-paper technology field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Savonnet M, Rolland T, Cubizolles M, Roupioz Y, Buhot A. Recent advances in cardiac biomarkers detection: From commercial devices to emerging technologies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113777. [PMID: 33293175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiac pathologies are the major cause of death in the world, it remains difficult to provide a reliable diagnosis to prevent heart attacks. Rapid patient care and management in emergencies are critical to prevent dramatic consequences. Thus, relevant biomarkers such as cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides are currently targeted by commercialized Point-Of-Care immunoassays. Key points still to be addressed concern cost, lack of standardization, and poor specificity, which could limit the reliability of the assays. Consequently, alternatives are emerging to address these issues. New probe molecules such as aptamers or molecularly imprinted polymers should allow a reduction in cost of the assays and an increase in reproducibility. In addition, the assay specificity and reliability could be improved by enabling multiplexing through the detection of several molecular targets in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Savonnet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Technologies for Healthcare and Biology Division, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Technologies for Healthcare and Biology Division, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Cubizolles
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Technologies for Healthcare and Biology Division, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoann Roupioz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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14
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Paper-based ITP technology: An application to specific cancer-derived exosome detection and analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 164:112292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Khnouf R, Han C. Isotachophoresis-Enhanced Immunoassays: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.2966028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Segal E. Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:247-265. [PMID: 32435872 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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