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Kaufman D, Chen CY, Tsao CY, Zhao Z, Lavon A, Payne GF, Bentley WE, Ben-Yoav H. Redox-mediated Biomolecular information transfer in single electrogenetic biological cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116546. [PMID: 38968774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Electronic communication in natural systems makes use, inter alia, of molecular transmission, where electron transfer occurs within networks of redox reactions, which play a vital role in many physiological systems. In view of the limited understanding of redox signaling, we developed an approach and an electrochemical-optical lab-on-a-chip to observe cellular responses in localized redox environments. The developed fluidic micro-system uses electrogenetic bacteria in which a cellular response is activated to electrically and chemically induced stimulations. Specifically, controlled environments for the cells are created by using microelectrodes to generate spatiotemporal redox gradients. The in-situ cellular responses at both single-cell and population levels are monitored by optical microscopy. The elicited electrogenetic fluorescence intensities after 210 min in response to electrochemical and chemical activation were 1.3 × 108±0.30 × 108 arbitrary units (A.U.) and 1.2 × 108±0.30 × 108 A.U. per cell population, respectively, and 1.05 ± 0.01 A.U. and 1.05 ± 0.01 A.U. per-cell, respectively. We demonstrated that redox molecules' mass transfer between the electrode and cells - and not the applied electrical field - activated the electrogenetic cells. Specifically, we found an oriented amplified electrogenetic response on the charged electrodes' downstream side, which was determined by the location of the stimulating electrodes and the flow profile. We then focused on the cellular responses and observed distinct subpopulations that were attributed to electrochemical rather than chemical stimulation, with the distance between the cells and the stimulating electrode being the main determinant. These observations provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which diffusible redox mediators serve as electron shuttles, imposing context and activating electrogenetic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaufman
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Avia Lavon
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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Ghosh TN, Rotake DR, Singh SG. Succinimide-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: A High-throughput Resistive Sensing Platform for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Biomarker Determination Using Human Tears. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39141809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a well-recognized affliction among the elderly, causing vision impairment ranging from blurred vision to complete blindness. This underscores the critical need for accurate, precise, and early detection methods. Herein, we developed a noninvasive, label-free electrical biosensor, constructed on an economical printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, designed specifically for the precise quantification of AMD biomarker: complement component III (C3). The hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was deposited between gold-interdigitated microelectrodes, forming a conductive channel. The fabricated C3 biosensor exhibits a low detection limit of 0.4342 ng/mL and an impressive sensitivity of 9.238 ((ΔR/R)/ng.mL-1)/cm2 with a regression coefficient of 0.9815 calibrated within the clinical C3 range of 10-30 ng/mL. This excellent performance is ascribed to the synergistic effects of 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) linker and conducting properties of rGO as they generate large active sites for higher anti-C3 antibody immobilization, thereby enhancing sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the performance of this proposed C3 sensor chip was validated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using five human tear samples exhibiting an outstanding correlation of a regression value of 0.9774. The unparalleled merits of this newly crafted C3 biosensor transcend those of preceding platforms, boasting superior accuracy and precision in quantifying C3 levels in human tears, accelerated operational speed with results attainable within a mere 15 min, cost-effectiveness, and excellent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoya Nemai Ghosh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Dinesh Ramkrushna Rotake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Shiv Govind Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, India
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Park S, Kaufman D, Ben-Yoav H, Yossifon G. On-Chip Electrochemical Sensing with an Enhanced Detecting Signal Due to Concentration Polarization-Based Analyte Preconcentration. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6501-6510. [PMID: 38593185 PMCID: PMC11044107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Here, we integrated two key technologies within a microfluidic system, an electrokinetic preconcentration of analytes by ion Concentration Polarization (CP) and local electrochemical sensors to detect the analytes, which can synergistically act to significantly enhance the detection signal. This synergistic combination, offering both decoupled and coupled operation modes for continuous monitoring, was validated by the intensified fluorescent intensities of CP-preconcentrated analytes and the associated enhanced electrochemical response using differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The system performance was evaluated by varying the location of the active electrochemical sensor, target analyte concentrations, and electrolyte concentration using fluorescein molecules as the model analyte and Homovanillic acid (HVA) as the target bioanalyte within both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and artificial sweat solution. The combination of on-chip electrochemical sensing with CP-based preconcentration renders this generic approach adaptable to various analytes. This advanced system shows remarkable promise for enhancing biosensing detection in practical applications while bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinwook Park
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel Kaufman
- Nanobioelectronics
Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics
Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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4
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Portable and green solid contact potentiometric sensor for the rapid and direct assay of clozapine in post-mortem rat liver and dosage forms: an analytical approach to forensic and pharmaceutical samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Chupradit S, Km Nasution M, Rahman HS, Suksatan W, Turki Jalil A, Abdelbasset WK, Bokov D, Markov A, Fardeeva IN, Widjaja G, Shalaby MN, Saleh MM, Mustafa YF, Surendar A, Bidares R. Various types of electrochemical biosensors for leukemia detection and therapeutic approaches. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114736. [PMID: 35588855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia often initiates following dysfunctions in hematopoietic stem cells lineages. Various types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can thus call for different diagnosis and treatment options. One of the most important subjects in leukemia is the early detection of the disease for effective therapeutic purposes. In this respect, biosensors detecting the molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as analytes are called genosensors or DNA biosensors. Electrochemical sensors, as the most significant approach, also involve reacting of chemical solutions with sensors to generate electrical signals proportional to analyte concentrations. Biosensors can further help detect cancer cells in the early stages of the disease. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors, developed based on various nanomaterials (NMs), can increase sensitivity to the detection of leukemia-related genes, e.g., BCR/ABL as a fusion gene and promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα). Therefore, the present review reflects on previous studies recruiting different NMs for leukemia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq-Chaq Qularaise, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq; College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 230023, Grodno, Belarus; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - A Surendar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Ramtin Bidares
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Parvaiz MS, Shah KA, Alrobei H, Dar G, Khanday FA, Muzaffar Ali Andrabi S, Hamid R. Modeling and simulation of carbon nanotube amino-acid sensor: A first-principles study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.
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Senel M, Durmus Z, Alachkar A. Measurement of the Antipsychotic Clozapine Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites‐Au/Pd/Pt Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Senel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California Irvine CA 92697-4625 United States
| | - Zehra Durmus
- Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Salle) Germany
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California Irvine CA 92697-4625 United States
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Senel M, Alachkar A. Lab-in-a-pencil graphite: A 3D-printed microfluidic sensing platform for real-time measurement of antipsychotic clozapine level. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:405-411. [PMID: 33331378 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel lab-in-a-pencil graphite microfluidic sensing electrode (μFSE) was fabricated for real-time flow injection measurement of the antipsychotic drug clozapine (Clz). A simple, low-cost, and reusable μFSE was obtained by using 3D printing of a microfluidic chamber integrated with a flat pencil graphite without the need to utilize complex technologies. The μFSE has tubular geometry with 800 μm diameter, where the solution continuously flows in the holes of flat pencil graphite electrodes. Under optimized conditions, this device offers fast and effective Clz detection with good analytical features. A linear calibration curve in the range of 0.5 to 10 μM Clz was obtained with good sensitivity (0.01275 μA μM-1) and detection limit (24 nM). Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our lab-fabricated microfluidic electrochemical device by monitoring Clz in serum samples at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Senel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
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10
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Veerakumar P, Manavalan S, Chen SM, Pandikumar A, Lin KC. Ultrafine Bi-Sn nanoparticles decorated on carbon aerogels for electrochemical simultaneous determination of dopamine (neurotransmitter) and clozapine (antipsychotic drug). NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22217-22233. [PMID: 33141140 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This present study describes the synthesis of ultrafine Bi-Sn nanoparticles decorated on carbon aerogels (Bi-Sn NP/CAG) as a nanocomposite for the electrochemical simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and clozapine (CLZ). The typical characterization techniques, such as XRD, Raman, BET, FT-IR, TGA, XPS, and FE-SEM/TEM, showed useful insights into the crystal phase and morphology of Bi-Sn NP/CAG. Integrated Bi-Sn NP/CAG built into a cost-effective screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) offers a high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) compared to unmodified, Bi-Sn, and CAG/SPCEs, such that it favourably allowed the binding of DA and CLZ molecules onto the surface at the Bi-Sn/CAG, which was demonstrated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. As a result, the DA and CLZ sensing exhibited low detection limits (DL, 4.6 and 97.6 nM (S/N = 3)), and sensitivity (3.402 and 0.4 μA μM-1 cm-2) over a wide linear range (0.02-97.59 and 0.5-2092 μM), respectively. To go a step further, the Bi-Sn NP/CAG/SPCE was applied for the simultaneous determination of DA and CLZ which featured lower DL (23.1 and 31.3 nM (S/N = 3)), and sensitivity (0.4979 and 0.04 μA μM-1 cm-2) over a wide linear range (2-182 and 10-910 μM), respectively. The selectivity for DA and CLZ in the presence of a 10-fold concentration of their potentially interfering active species was demonstrated. Finally, this sensing methodology enables the rapid electrochemical determination of the amount of DA and CLZ in a rat brain region serum sample with successful recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaimani Veerakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Shukla RP, Rapier C, Glassman M, Liu F, Kelly DL, Ben-Yoav H. An integrated electrochemical microsystem for real-time treatment monitoring of clozapine in microliter volume samples from schizophrenia patients. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Microfluidic Chip based direct triple antibody immunoassay for monitoring patient comparative response to leukemia treatment. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:48. [PMID: 32661698 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a time and cost-efficient microfluidic chip for screening the leukemia cells having three specific antigens. In this method, the target blast cells are double sorted with immunomagnetic beads and captured by the 3rd antibody immobilized on the gold surface in a microfluidic chip. The captured blast cells in the chip were imaged using a bright-field optical microscope and images were analyzed to quantify the cells. First sorting was performed with nano size immunomagnetic beads and followed by 2nd sorting where micron size immunomagnetic beads were used. The low-cost microfluidic platform is made of PMMA and glass including micro size gold pads. The developed microfluidic platform was optimized with cultured B type lymphoblast cells and tested with the samples of leukemia patients. The 8 bone marrow samples of 4 leukemia patients on the initial diagnosis and on the 15th day after the start of the chemotherapy treatment were tested both with the developed microfluidic platform and the flow cytometry. A 99% statistical agreement between the two methods shows that the microfluidic chip is able to monitor the decrease in the number of blast cells due to the chemotherapy. The experiments with the patient samples demonstrate that the developed system can perform relative measurements and have a potential to monitor the patient response to the applied therapy and to enable personalized dose adjustment.
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Dual-modal label-free genosensor based on hemoglobin@gold nanocluster stabilized graphene nanosheets for the electrochemical detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene. Talanta 2020; 217:121093. [PMID: 32498906 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we have successfully synthesized stable graphene nanosheets from graphite powder through sonication in the hemoglobin-capped gold nanoclusters (Hb@AuNCs) solution for biosensing application. This approach, as a simple method for the exfoliation and fragmentation of graphite in a nanocluster solution, enabled us to produce stable aqueous graphene dispersions at low cost and without the need for hazardous chemicals or tedious experimental procedures. In this method, Hb@AuNCs were used not only as stabilizing agent of graphene through non-covalent bonding, but also as dispersing agent of few-layer graphene nanosheets. The Hb@AuNCs stabilized graphene (Hb@AuNCs-G) was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), zeta-sizer and Raman spectroscopy. Then, the graphene nanosheets were applied as a novel versatile electrochemical platform for ultrasensitive biosensing of short DNA species of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) based on the "signal off" and "signal on" strategies. For this purpose, a single strand DNA (ssDNA) was immobilized on the Hb@AuNCs-G/AuNPs modified electrode surface and acted as the biorecognition element. Methylene blue (MB), as the signaling probe, was then intercalated into the ssDNA. The intercalated MB was liberated upon interaction with the synthetic complementary DNA (cDNA, target), thereby resulting in the apparent reduction of MB redox signal. This designed "signal off" sensing system enabled the voltammetric determination of the target cDNA over a dynamic linear range (DLR) of 0.1 fM to 10 pM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.037 fM. In the "signal on" strategy, the response to the cDNA was detected by monitoring the change in the electron transfer resistance (Rct) using the ferro/ferricyanide system as a redox probe. The charge transfer resistance of the probe was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of target cDNA in the range of 0.1 fM-10 pM with a limit of detection of 0.030 fM. Finally, the selectivity and feasibility of genosensor was evaluated by the analysis of derived nucleotides from mismatched sequences and the clinical samples of patients with leukemia as real samples, respectively.
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