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Li F, Jiang J, Shen N, Peng H, Luo Y, Li N, Huang L, Lu Y, Liu L, Li B, He J. Flexible microfluidic colorimetric detection chip integrated with ABTS ·+ and Co@MnO 2 nanozyme catalyzed TMB reaction systems for bio-enzyme free detection of sweat uric acid. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342453. [PMID: 38499424 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of wearable detection devices that can achieve noninvasive, on-site and real-time monitoring of sweat metabolites is of great demand and practical significance for point-of-care testing and healthcare monitoring. Monitoring uric acid (UA) content in sweat provides a simple and promising way to reduce the risk of gout and hyperuricemia. Traditional bioenzyme based UA assays suffer from high cost, poor stability, inconvenience for storage and easy deactivation of bioenzymes. Wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection device for sweat UA detection has not been reported. The development of novel wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection chip with no requirement of bioenzymes for sweat UA detection is of great importance for health care monitoring. RESULTS Firstly, Co@MnO2 nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity was synthesized and characterized. Co@MnO2 can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) directly to generate blue-green colored ox-TMB. Green colored 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) was produced by the oxidation of ABTS by potassium persulfate. UA exhibits distinct quenching effect on Co@MnO2 catalyzed TMB colorimetric reaction system and ABTS·+ based colorimetric system, leading to obvious color fading of the two colorimetric systems. Then, a flexible microfluidic colorimetric detection chip for UA detection was fabricated by assembling Co@MnO2/TMB modified paper chips and ABTS·+ modified paper chips into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The fabricated microfluidic colorimetric detection chip exhibits good linear relationship for sweat UA detection. The linear range is from 20 to 200 μmol/L with detection limit as low as 6.6 μmol/L. Good results were obtained for the detection of UA in actual sweat from three volunteers. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides two bio-enzyme free colorimetric detection systems for UA detection. Furthermore, a simple, low-cost and selective flexible wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection chip was fabricated for noninvasive and on-site detection of sweat UA, which holds great application potential for personal health monitoring and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Jianming Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Nuotong Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China; Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Liyang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Yuyang Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Lifu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Bing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Jianbo He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Value-Added Catalytic Conversion and Reaction Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
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Yuan X, Li C, Yin X, Yang Y, Ji B, Niu Y, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 36979525 PMCID: PMC10045998 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xu Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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Koukouviti E, Plessas AK, Economou A, Thomaidis N, Papaefstathiou GS, Kokkinos C. 3D Printed Voltammetric Sensor Modified with an Fe(III)-Cluster for the Enzyme-Free Determination of Glucose in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1156. [PMID: 36551123 PMCID: PMC9775037 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a 3D printed sensor modified with a water-stable complex of Fe(III) basic benzoate is presented for the voltammetric detection of glucose (GLU) in acidic epidermal skin conditions. The GLU sensor was produced by the drop-casting of Fe(III)-cluster ethanolic mixture on the surface of a 3D printed electrode fabricated by a carbon black loaded polylactic acid filament. The oxidation of GLU was electrocatalyzed by Fe(III), which was electrochemically generated in-situ by the Fe(III)-cluster precursor. The GLU determination was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry without the interference from common electroactive metabolites presented in sweat (such as urea, uric acid, and lactic acid), offering a limit of detection of 4.3 μmol L-1. The exceptional electrochemical performance of [Fe3O(PhCO2)6(H2O)3]∙PhCO2 combined with 3D printing technology forms an innovative and low-cost enzyme-free sensor suitable for noninvasive applications, opening the way for integrated 3D printed wearable biodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Koukouviti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios K. Plessas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis S. Papaefstathiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Vasiliou F, Plessas AK, Economou A, Thomaidis N, Papaefstathiou GS, Kokkinos C. Graphite paste sensor modified with a Cu(II)-complex for the enzyme-free simultaneous voltammetric determination of glucose and uric acid in sweat. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Daboss EV, Tikhonov DV, Shcherbacheva EV, Karyakin AA. Ultrastable Lactate Biosensor Linearly Responding in Whole Sweat for Noninvasive Monitoring of Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9201-9207. [PMID: 35687799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on the lactate biosensor with linear calibration range from 0.5 to 100 mM, which encircles possible levels of this metabolite concentration in both human sweat and blood. The linear calibration range at high analyte concentrations, which exceeds the Michaelis constant of lactate oxidase by several orders of magnitude, is provided by an additional perfluorosulfonated ionomer diffusion membrane. In contrast to the known lactate biosensors, which retain their response within less than a couple of hours, the reported system displays 100% response for dozens of hours even upon high analyte concentrations. The biosensors with an additional diffusion-limiting membrane have been validated for lactate detection both in human blood serum and in undiluted human sweat shortly after its secretion. Both linear response in the entire range of blood and sweat lactate concentrations and ultrahigh operational stability would provide the use of the elaborated biosensor in wearable devices for the monitoring of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Daboss
- Chemistry Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii V Tikhonov
- Chemistry Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Arkady A Karyakin
- Chemistry Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Yudhana A, Mukhopadhyay S, Prima ODA, Akbar SA, Nuraisyah F, Mufandi I, Fauzi KH, Nasyah NA. Multi sensor application-based for measuring the quality of human urine on first-void urine. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Liu H, Wang L, Lin G, Feng Y. Recent progress in the fabrication of flexible materials for wearable sensors. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:614-632. [PMID: 34797359 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have been widely studied because of their small size, light weight, and potential for the noninvasive tracking and monitoring of human physiological information. Wearable flexible sensors generally consist of two parts: a flexible substrate in contact with the skin and a signal processing module. At present, wearable electronics cover many fields, such as machinery, physics, chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine. The design concept and selection of materials are very important to the function of a sensor. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in flexible materials for wearable sensors, including developments in flexible materials, electrode materials, and new flexible biodegradable materials, and describe the important role of innovation in material and sensor design in the development of wearable flexible sensors. Strategies and challenges related to the improvement of the performances of wearable flexible sensors, as well as the development prospects of wearable devices based on flexible materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yihua Feng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
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Saha T, Fang J, Yokus MA, Mukherjee S, Bozkurt A, Daniele MA, Dickey MD, Velev OD. A Wearable Patch for Prolonged Sweat Lactate Harvesting and Sensing. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6863-6866. [PMID: 34892683 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Operating at low sweat rates, such as those experienced by humans at rest, is still an unmet need for state-of-the-art wearable sweat harvesting and testing devices for lactate. Here, we report the on-skin performance of a non-invasive wearable sweat sampling patch that can harvest sweat at rest, during exercise, and post-exercise. The patch simultaneously uses osmosis and evaporation for long-term (several hours) sampling of sweat. Osmotic sweat withdrawal is achieved by skin-interfacing a hydrogel containing a concentrated solute. The gel interfaces with a paper strip that transports the fluid via wicking and evaporation. Proof of concept results show that the patch was able to sample sweat during resting and post-exercise conditions, where the lactate concentration was successfully quantified. The patch detected the increase in sweat lactate levels during medium level exercise. Blood lactate remained invariant with exercise as expected. We also developed a continuous sensing version of the patch by including enzymatic electrochemical sensors. Such a battery-free, passive, wearable sweat sampling patch can potentially provide useful information about the human metabolic activity.
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Manjakkal L, Yin L, Nathan A, Wang J, Dahiya R. Energy Autonomous Sweat-Based Wearable Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100899. [PMID: 34247412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous operation of wearable electronics demands reliable sources of energy, currently met through Li-ion batteries and various energy harvesters. These solutions are being used out of necessity despite potential safety issues and unsustainable environmental impact. Safe and sustainable energy sources can boost the use of wearables systems in diverse applications such as health monitoring, prosthetics, and sports. In this regard, sweat- and sweat-equivalent-based studies have attracted tremendous attention through the demonstration of energy-generating biofuel cells, promising power densities as high as 3.5 mW cm-2 , storage using sweat-electrolyte-based supercapacitors with energy and power densities of 1.36 Wh kg-1 and 329.70 W kg-1 , respectively, and sweat-activated batteries with an impressive energy density of 67 Ah kg-1 . A combination of these energy generating, and storage devices can lead to fully energy-autonomous wearables capable of providing sustainable power in the µW to mW range, which is sufficient to operate both sensing and communication devices. Here, a comprehensive review covering these advances, addressing future challenges and potential solutions related to fully energy-autonomous wearables is presented, with emphasis on sweat-based energy storage and energy generation elements along with sweat-based sensors as applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libu Manjakkal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EU, UK
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Hassan MH, Vyas C, Grieve B, Bartolo P. Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4672. [PMID: 34300412 PMCID: PMC8309655 DOI: 10.3390/s21144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Bruce Grieve
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
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Artigues M, Gilabert-Porres J, Texidó R, Borrós S, Abellà J, Colominas S. Analytical Parameters of a Novel Glucose Biosensor Based on Grafted PFM as a Covalent Immobilization Technique. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4185. [PMID: 34207185 PMCID: PMC8235154 DOI: 10.3390/s21124185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioanalytical methods, in particular electrochemical biosensors, are increasingly used in different industrial sectors due to their simplicity, low cost, and fast response. However, to be able to reliably use this type of device, it is necessary to undertake in-depth evaluation of their fundamental analytical parameters. In this work, analytical parameters of an amperometric biosensor based on covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) were evaluated. GOx was immobilized using plasma-grafted pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (pgPFM) as an anchor onto a tailored HEMA-co-EGDA hydrogel that coats a titanium dioxide nanotubes array (TiO2NTAs). Finally, chitosan was used to protect the enzyme molecules. The biosensor offered outstanding analytical parameters: repeatability (RSD = 1.7%), reproducibility (RSD = 1.3%), accuracy (deviation = 4.8%), and robustness (RSD = 2.4%). In addition, the Ti/TiO2NTAs/ppHEMA-co-EGDA/pgPFM/GOx/Chitosan biosensor showed good long-term stability; after 20 days, it retained 89% of its initial sensitivity. Finally, glucose concentrations of different food samples were measured and compared using an official standard method (HPLC). Deviation was lower than 10% in all measured samples. Therefore, the developed biosensor can be considered to be a reliable analytical tool for quantification measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Artigues
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Joan Gilabert-Porres
- Tractivus SL, Via Augusta, 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.-P.); (R.T.); (S.B.)
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Texidó
- Tractivus SL, Via Augusta, 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.-P.); (R.T.); (S.B.)
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Tractivus SL, Via Augusta, 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.-P.); (R.T.); (S.B.)
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 500018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jordi Abellà
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Sergi Colominas
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department at Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (J.A.)
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Nemčeková K, Labuda J. Advanced materials-integrated electrochemical sensors as promising medical diagnostics tools: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111751. [PMID: 33545892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have increasingly been linked with terms as modern biomedically effective highly selective and sensitive devices, wearable and wireless technology, portable electronics, smart textiles, energy storage, communication and user-friendly operating systems. The work brings the overview of the current advanced materials and their application strategies for improving performance, miniaturization and portability of sensing devices. It provides the extensive information on recently developed (bio)sensing platforms based on voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric detection modes including portable, non-invasive, wireless, and self-driven miniaturized devices for monitoring human and animal health. Diagnostics of selected free radical precursors, low molecular biomarkers, nucleic acids and protein-based biomarkers, bacteria and viruses of today's interest is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Nemčeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
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Falk M, Psotta C, Cirovic S, Shleev S. Non-Invasive Electrochemical Biosensors Operating in Human Physiological Fluids. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6352. [PMID: 33171750 PMCID: PMC7664326 DOI: 10.3390/s20216352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive healthcare technologies are an important part of research and development nowadays due to the low cost and convenience offered to both healthcare receivers and providers. This work overviews the recent advances in the field of non-invasive electrochemical biosensors operating in secreted human physiological fluids, viz. tears, sweat, saliva, and urine. Described electrochemical devices are based on different electrochemical techniques, viz. amperometry, coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. Challenges that confront researchers in this exciting area and key requirements for biodevices are discussed. It is concluded that the field of non-invasive sensing of biomarkers in bodily fluid is highly convoluted. Nonetheless, if the drawbacks are appropriately addressed, and the pitfalls are adroitly circumvented, the approach will most certainly disrupt current clinical and self-monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Carolin Psotta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
- Aptusens AB, 293 94 Kyrkhult, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergey Shleev
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
- Aptusens AB, 293 94 Kyrkhult, Sweden
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Biscay J, Findlay E, Dennany L. Electrochemical monitoring of alcohol in sweat. Talanta 2020; 224:121815. [PMID: 33379040 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, periodic monitoring and detection of ethanol (EtOH) after consumption via a non-invasive measurement has been an area of increased research in recent years. Current point-of-care or on-site detection strategies rely on single use sensors which are inadequate for monitoring during a longer period. A low cost, portable and novel approach is developed here for real-time monitoring over several days utilising electrochemical techniques. The sensor shows oxidation of the ethanol in phosphate buffer and artificial sweat using the amperometric response from the application of +0.9 V to the polyaniline modified screen printed electrode using 1 mM EtOH as the averaged amount of EtOH eliminated in sweat after the consumption of one alcoholic beverage. Our enzyme based electrochemical sensor exhibits a qualitative assessment of the presence of EtOH in small volumes (≤40 μL) of 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate and subsequently artificial sweat, with 50 measurements taken daily over 11 days. While quantitative information is not obtained, the sensor system exhibits excellent stability after 3 months' dried storage in this complex biological matrix in an oxygen free cabinet. This addresses one of the key challenges for enzyme based electrochemical sensors, namely, the ability for real-time monitoring in complex biological matrices. The qualitative response illustrates the potential for this sensor to be exploited by non-experts which suggests the promise for their wider application in next-generation wearable electronics necessary for alcohol monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Biscay
- WestChem, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Stirling University Innovation Park, Buddi Ltd, Unit 14, Scion House, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Ewan Findlay
- Stirling University Innovation Park, Buddi Ltd, Unit 14, Scion House, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WestChem, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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