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Turnipseed SB. Analysis of chemical contaminants in fish using high resolution mass spectrometry - A review. TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2024; 42:e00227. [PMID: 38957876 PMCID: PMC11215702 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2024.e00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become an important tool in environmental and food safety analysis. This review highlights how HRMS has been used to analyze chemical contaminants in fish. Measuring and documenting chemical contaminants in fish serves not only as an indicator of environmental conditions but can also monitor the health of these animals and help protect an important source of human food. The incidence and significance of contaminants including veterinary drugs, human drugs and personal care products, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, per- and poly fluorinated substances, and marine toxins will be reviewed. The advantage of HRMS over traditional MS is its ability to expand the number of compounds that can be detected and identified. This is true whether HRMS is used for targeted analytes, or more broadly for suspect screening and nontargeted analyses. The classes of compounds, types of fish or seafood, options for data acquisition and analysis, and reports of unexpected findings from recent HMRS methods for chemical contaminants in fish are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, USA
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2
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Padioleau A, Cariou R, Guiffard I, Le Bizec B, Escher BI, Antignac JP, Dervilly G. Non-targeted analysis of lipidic extracts by high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterise the chemical exposome: Comparison of four clean-up strategies applied to egg. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123963. [PMID: 38101287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biota samples are used to monitor chemical stressors and their impact on the ecosystem and to describe dietary chemical exposure. These complex matrices require an extraction step followed by clean-up to avoid damaging sensitive analytical instruments based on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While interest for non-targeted analysis (NTA) is increasing, there is no versatile or generic sample preparation for a wide range of contaminants suitable for a diversity of biotic matrices. Among the contaminants' variety, persistent contaminants are mostly hydrophobic (mid- to non-polar) and bio-magnify through the lipidic fraction. During their extraction, lipids are generally co-extracted, which may cause matrix effect during the analysis such as hindering the acquired signal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four clean-up methods to selectively remove lipids from extracts prior to NTA. We evaluated (i) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (ii) Captiva EMR-lipid cartridge (EMR), (iii) sulphuric acid degradation (H2SO4) and (iv) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) for their efficiency to remove lipids from hen egg extracts. Gas and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry fitted with either electron ionisation or electrospray ionisation sources operating in positive and negative modes were used to determine the performances of the clean-up methods. A set of 102 chemicals with a wide range of physico-chemical properties that covers the chemical space of mid- to non-polar contaminants, was used to assess and compare recoveries and matrix effects. Matrix effects, that could hinder the mass spectrometer signal, were lower for extracts cleaned-up with H2SO4 than for the ones cleaned-up with PDMS, EMR and GPC. The recoveries were satisfactory for both GPC and EMR while those determined for PDMS and H2SO4 were low due to poor partitioning and degradation/dissociation of the compounds, respectively. The choice of the clean-up methods, among those assessed, should be a compromise that takes into account the matrix under consideration, the levels and the physico-chemical properties of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beate I Escher
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Dürig W, Lindblad S, Golovko O, Gkotsis G, Aalizadeh R, Nika MC, Thomaidis N, Alygizakis NA, Plassmann M, Haglund P, Fu Q, Hollender J, Chaker J, David A, Kunkel U, Macherius A, Belova L, Poma G, Preud'Homme H, Munschy C, Aminot Y, Jaeger C, Lisec J, Hansen M, Vorkamp K, Zhu L, Cappelli F, Roscioli C, Valsecchi S, Bagnati R, González B, Prieto A, Zuloaga O, Gil-Solsona R, Gago-Ferrero P, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Budzinski H, Devier MH, Dierkes G, Boulard L, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Rüdel H, Ahrens L. What is in the fish? Collaborative trial in suspect and non-target screening of organic micropollutants using LC- and GC-HRMS. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108288. [PMID: 37918065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative trial involving 16 participants from nine European countries was conducted within the NORMAN network in efforts to harmonise suspect and non-target screening of environmental contaminants in whole fish samples of bream (Abramis brama). Participants were provided with freeze-dried, homogenised fish samples from a contaminated and a reference site, extracts (spiked and non-spiked) and reference sample preparation protocols for liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Participants extracted fish samples using their in-house sample preparation method and/or the protocol provided. Participants correctly identified 9-69 % of spiked compounds using LC-HRMS and 20-60 % of spiked compounds using GC-HRMS. From the contaminated site, suspect screening with participants' own suspect lists led to putative identification of on average ∼145 and ∼20 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively, while non-target screening identified on average ∼42 and ∼56 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively. Within the same sub-group of sample preparation method, only a few features were identified by at least two participants in suspect screening (16 features using LC-HRMS, 0 features using GC-HRMS) and non-target screening (0 features using LC-HRMS, 2 features using GC-HRMS). The compounds identified had log octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) values from -9.9 to 16 and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 68 to 761 (LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS). A significant linear trend was found between log KOW and m/z for the GC-HRMS data. Overall, these findings indicate that differences in screening results are mainly due to the data analysis workflows used by different participants. Further work is needed to harmonise the results obtained when applying suspect and non-target screening approaches to environmental biota samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Georgios Gkotsis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia.
| | - Merle Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jade Chaker
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France.
| | - Arthur David
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France.
| | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - André Macherius
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Yann Aminot
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Belén González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Marie-Helene Devier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Georg Dierkes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Lise Boulard
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; Metabolomics Core Facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Menger F, Celma A, Schymanski EL, Lai FY, Bijlsma L, Wiberg K, Hernández F, Sancho JV, Ahrens L. Enhancing spectral quality in complex environmental matrices: Supporting suspect and non-target screening in zebra mussels with ion mobility. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107585. [PMID: 36265356 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification of bioaccumulating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) via suspect and non-target screening remains a challenging task. In this study, ion mobility separation with high-resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS) was used to investigate the effects of drift time (DT) alignment on spectrum quality and peak annotation for screening of CECs in complex sample matrices using data independent acquisition (DIA). Data treatment approaches (Binary Sample Comparison) and prioritisation strategies (Halogen Match, co-occurrence of features in biota and the water phase) were explored in a case study on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Mälaren, Sweden's largest drinking water reservoir. DT alignment evidently improved the fragment spectrum quality by increasing the similarity score to reference spectra from on average (±standard deviation) 0.33 ± 0.31 to 0.64 ± 0.30 points, thus positively influencing structure elucidation efforts. Thirty-two features were tentatively identified at confidence level 3 or higher using MetFrag coupled with the new PubChemLite database, which included predicted collision cross-section values from CCSbase. The implementation of predicted mobility data was found to support compound annotation. This study illustrates a quantitative assessment of the benefits of IM-HRMS on spectral quality, which will enhance the performance of future screening studies of CECs in complex environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Nassazzi W, Lai FY, Ahrens L. A novel method for extraction, clean-up and analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in different plant matrices using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1212:123514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sim W, Choi S, Lee HJ, Kim K, Park K, Oh JE. Evaluation of sample preparation methods for suspect and non-target screening in water, sediment, and biota samples using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157835. [PMID: 35934023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sample preparation methods were proposed for the suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry in the aquatic environment. The pretreatment methods were evaluated based on detection rates, recoveries, and screening detection limits (SDLs) for 316 substances spiked into surface water, sediment, and biota samples. The detection rates of the spiked compounds were 92.1 % and 98.7 % by the sample preparation methods for water (solid-phase extraction using HLB cartridge) and sediment (ultrasonic extraction (USE) with HLB cartridge clean-up), respectively. Similarly, USE with HLB cartridge clean-up gave the highest detection rate (87.9 %) for biota samples; however, additional pretreatment method using deactivated silica gel clean-up was necessary for the detection of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The SDL ranges of spiked compounds by the suggested pretreatment methods were 0.01-23.5 ng/L for surface water, 0.02-37.5 ng/g dry weight for sediment, and 0.01-12.2 ng/g wet weight for biota. Although some pollutants, such as POPs had SDLs that were higher than the levels normally detected in the aquatic environment as reported in previous studies, the analytical methods suggested in the present study were satisfactory for the SNTS of most pollutants originated from anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Sim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sol Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Fu Q, Meyer C, Patrick M, Kosfeld V, Rüdel H, Koschorreck J, Hollender J. Comprehensive screening of polar emerging organic contaminants including PFASs and evaluation of the trophic transfer behavior in a freshwater food web. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118514. [PMID: 35545009 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of persistent legacy contaminants have been intensively characterized, but little is known on the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in freshwater food webs. Herein, we comprehensively screened CECs with a focus on polar substances and further evaluated their trophic transfer behavior in selected items from the food web of Lake Templin, Germany. Weselected one plankton, two mussel, and nine fish samples covering three trophic levels. With an effective multi-residue sample preparation method and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based target, suspect, and non-target screening, we characterized 477 targets and further screened unknown features in complex biota matrices. Of the 477 targets, 145 were detected and quantified in at least one species (0.02-3640 ng/g, dry weight). Additionally, the suspect and non-target analysis with experimental mass spectra libraries and in silico techniques (MetFrag and SIRIUS4/CSI:FingerID) enabled further identification of 27 unknown compounds with 19 confirmed by reference standards. Overall, the detected compounds belong to a diverse group of chemicals, including 71 pharmaceuticals, 27 metabolites, 26 pesticides, 16 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), 4 plasticizers, 3 flame retardants, 11 other industrial chemicals and 14 others. Moreover, we determined the trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 34 polar CECs with >80% detection frequency, among which 6 PFASs including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), exhibited biomagnification potential (TMF =1.8 - 4.2, p < 0.05), whereas 5 pharmaceuticals (phenazone, progesterone, venlafaxine, levamisole, and lidocaine) and 1 personal care product metabolite (galaxolidone) showed biodilution potential (TMF = 0.4 - 0.6, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuguo Fu
- Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Corina Meyer
- Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Michael Patrick
- Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Verena Kosfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Schmallenberg 57392, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Dessau-Rosslau 06844, Germany
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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Rapid target and non-target screening method for determination of emerging organic chemicals in fish. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Lis H, Caban M, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P. Advances in suspect screening and non-target analysis of polar emerging contaminants in the environmental monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Hajeb P, Zhu L, Bossi R, Vorkamp K. Sample preparation techniques for suspect and non-target screening of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132306. [PMID: 34826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Hu LX, Olaitan OJ, Li Z, Yang YY, Chimezie A, Adepoju-Bello AA, Ying GG, Chen CE. What is in Nigerian waters? Target and non-target screening analysis for organic chemicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131546. [PMID: 34323804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic contaminants (e.g., active pharmaceutical ingredients and personal care products ingredients) are ubiquitous in the environment and potentially harmful to ecosystems, have gained increasing public attention worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on these contaminants in Africa. In this study, various types of water samples (wastewater, surface water and tap water) collected from Lagos, Nigeria were analyzed for these chemicals by both target and non-target analysis on an UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. In total, 109 compounds were identified by non-target screening using the online database mzCloud. Level 1 identification confidence was achieved for 13 compounds for which reference standards were available and level 2 was achieved for the rest. In the quantitative analysis, 18 of 38 target compounds were detected, including the parent compounds and their metabolites. Acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, acesulfame, and caffeine were detected in all samples with their highest concentrations at 8000, 5300, 16, and 7700 μg/L in wastewater, 140000, 3300, 7.7, and 12000 μg/L in surface water, and 66, 62, 0.17 and 1000 μg/L in tap water, respectively. The occurrence of psychoactive substances, anticancer treatments, antiretrovirals, antihypertensives, antidiabetics and their metabolites were reported in Nigeria for the first time. These results indicate poor wastewater treatment and management in Nigeria, and provide a preliminary profile of organic contaminants occurring in Nigerian waters. The findings from this study urge more future research on chemical pollution in the aquatic environments in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Hu
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Olatunde James Olaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anyakora Chimezie
- School of Science and Technology, Pan Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Jia W, Du A, Fan Z, Shi L. High-Coverage Screening of Sulfonamide Metabolites in Goat Milk by Magnetic Doped S Graphene Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4755-4765. [PMID: 33860671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 1000 varieties of synthetic sulfonamides universally used as antibiotics causing severe results of potential carcinogenicity and drug resistance for human health due to excessive residue of animal-derived food. A facile and novel approach for untargeted screening of sulfonamides (SAs) and metabolites was proposed based on magnetic solid-phase extraction-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (MSPE-UHPLC-HRMS). Compared with QuEChERS without the clean-up procedure and SPE in terms of matrix effect and absolute recovery, magnetic doped S graphene (S-doping level: 2.82%) synthesized via a solid-state microwave approach and the aggregation wrap mechanism was used as a novel adsorbent for nonspecific extraction of desired analytes by the noncovalent interaction between electron-deficient thiophene sulfur and electron donors such as amino or amide as well as π-π stacking interactions. Combined with variable data-independent acquisition, characteristic fragment-ion filtering (m/z 156.01138 or m/z 108.04439) and assignment of extracted-ion chromatograms of marked fragment ions were successfully utilized to screen the desired analytes and subsequently confirmed with the availability of reference standards. The optimized and validated approach for spiked 26 SAs and 9 metabolites in control goat milk demonstrated satisfactory accuracy (80.1-112.6%) and precision (RSDs < 6.4%) for matrix-matched standard addition. After applying suspect goat milk samples, untargeted SA analytes including sulfanilamide or an N4-acetylsulfamethazine metabolite with concentration ranging from 66.3 to 398.5 ng L-1 were determined in 5 of 45 goat milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - An Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zibian Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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González-Gaya B, Lopez-Herguedas N, Bilbao D, Mijangos L, Iker AM, Etxebarria N, Irazola M, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1876-1904. [PMID: 33913946 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) techniques are arising as new analytical strategies useful to disentangle the environmental occurrence of the thousands of exogenous chemicals present in our ecosystems. The unbiased discovery of the wide number of substances present over environmental analysis needs to find a consensus with powerful technical and computational requirements, as well as with the time-consuming unequivocal identification of discovered analytes. Within these boundaries, the potential applications of SNTS include the studies of environmental pollution in aquatic, atmospheric, solid and biological samples, the assessment of new compounds, transformation products and metabolites, contaminant prioritization, bioremediation or soil/water treatment evaluation, and retrospective data analysis, among many others. In this review, we evaluate the state of the art of SNTS techniques going over the normalized workflow from sampling and sample treatment to instrumental analysis, data processing and a brief review of the more recent applications of SNTS in environmental occurrence and exposure to xenobiotics. The main issues related to harmonization and knowledge gaps are critically evaluated and the challenges of their implementation are assessed in order to ensure a proper use of these promising techniques in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Golovko O, Örn S, Sörengård M, Frieberg K, Nassazzi W, Lai FY, Ahrens L. Occurrence and removal of chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving water systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142122. [PMID: 32920399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered the main sources of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments, and can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. In this study, WWTP influent, effluent, and sludge, and upstream and downstream waters from the WWTP recipient were investigated at 15 locations for a total of 164 CECs, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and pesticides. In addition, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity tests (ZFET) were applied to WWTP influent and effluent, and upstream and downstream waters from WWTP recipients. A total of 119 CECs were detected in at least one sample, mean concentrations ranging from 0.11 ng/L (propylparaben) to 64,000 ng/L (caffeine), in wastewater samples and from 0.44 ng/L (ciprofloxacin) to 19,000 ng/L (metformin) in surface water samples. Large variations of CEC concentrations were found between the selected WWTPs, which can be explained by differences in CEC composition in influent water and WWTP treatment process. The sludge-water partitioning coefficient (Kd) of CECs showed a significant linear correlation to octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) (p < 0.001), and thus could be used for predicting their fate in the aqueous and solid phase. The ΣCEC concentrations in WWTPs declined by on average 60%, based on comparisons of WWTP influent and effluent concentrations. The high concentrations of CECs in WWTP effluent resulted in, on average, 50% higher concentrations of CECs in water downstream of WWTPs compared with upstream. Some WWTP samples showed toxicity in ZFET compared with the respective control group, but no individual CECs or groups of CECs could explain this toxicity. These results could provide a theoretical basis for optimization of existing treatment systems of different designs, and could significantly contribute to protecting recipient waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Winnie Nassazzi
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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