1
|
Strohmaier-Nguyen D, Horn C, Baeumner AJ. Innovations in one-step point-of-care testing within microfluidics and lateral flow assays for shaping the future of healthcare. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116795. [PMID: 39332251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology, using lateral flow assays and microfluidic systems, facilitates cost-effective diagnosis, timely treatment, ongoing monitoring, and prevention of life-threatening outcomes. Aside from significant advancements demonstrated in academic research, implementation in real-world applications remains frustratingly limited. The divergence between academic developments and practical utility is often due to factors such as operational complexity, low sensitivity and the need for trained personnel. Taking this into consideration, our objective is to present a critical and objective overview of the latest advancements in fully integrated one-step POCT assays for home-testing which would be commercially viable. In particular, aspects of signal amplification, assay design modification, and sample preparation are critically evaluated and their features and medical applications along with future perspective and challenges with respect to minimal user intervention are summarized. Associated with and very important for the one-step POCT realization are also readout devices and fabrication processes. Critical analysis of available and useful technologies are presented in the SI section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Strohmaier-Nguyen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Horn
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 68305, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rey LMR, Delai RM, Batista ACCA, Ferreira L, Santos ICD, Del Vecchio MAC, Andrade ACS, Teles P, Pereira UDP, Gerber AL, Guimarães APDC, Almeida LGPD, Lamarca AP, Vasconcelos ATRD, Gonçalves DD. SARS-CoV-2 Research in Dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris) and Felines ( Felis silvestris catus) Domiciled in an International Border Region (Paraguay and Brazil). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:625-631. [PMID: 38829161 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has become a serious threat to public health owing to its rapid spread from aerosols from infected people. Despite being considered a strictly human disease, there are reports in the literature about animals with confirmed presence of the virus. Aim: Owing to the scarcity of scientific literature on the potential for infection of animals and their importance for One Health, the objective of this work was to research SARS-CoV-2 RNA in felines (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) domiciled. Materials and Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from domestic dogs and cats belonging to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from August to October 2021 and residents of the northwest and west regions of Paraná, Brazil. Results: Of the 34 samples collected, 14 were from dogs and 20 from cats. Three of these samples tested positive in real-time PCR, and two of them were also positive in the immunochromatographic test. After testing positive in real-time PCR, the samples underwent genetic sequencing using the Illumina COVIDSeq test. Of the 34 samples collected, three (9%), all of them female and from the feline species, tested positive in real-time PCR, with two of these (67%) also testing positive in the immunochromatographic test. Regarding sequencing, it was possible to sequence the three samples aligned with the AY.101 lineage, corresponding to the Delta variant. Conclusion: The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats is seen as an unintended event with significant implications for public health, including its potential transmission to other animal species. Further research is required to enhance our understanding of how this disease spreads among these animals and its broader impact on One Health initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laisa Marina Rosa Rey
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
| | - Robson Michael Delai
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
- Centro de Medicina Tropical da Fundação de Saúde Itaiguapy, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil
| | - Aline Cristiane Cechinel Assing Batista
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
- Centro de Medicina Tropical da Fundação de Saúde Itaiguapy, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira
- Centro de Medicina Tropical da Fundação de Saúde Itaiguapy, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil
| | - Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Cunha Del Vecchio
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Souza Andrade
- Pós-Graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
| | - Pedro Teles
- Médico Veterinário autônomo, Self-employed veterinarian, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Ulisses de Pádua Pereira
- Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Pavan Lamarca
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brasil
| | | | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Awad H, El-Brolossy TA, Abdallah T, Osman A, Negm S, Mansour OI, Girgis SA, Hafez HM, Zaki AM, Talaat H. Accurate and reliable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assay for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA with exceptional sensitivity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124184. [PMID: 38608556 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This research proposes a highly sensitive and simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suitably designed probes specific for RdRp and N viral genes attached to a Raman marker. The sensitivity of the assay was optimized through precise adjustments to the conditions of immobilization and hybridization processes of the target RNA, including modifications to factors such as time and temperature. The assay achieved a remarkable sensitivity down to 58.39 copies/mL, comparable to or lower than the sensitivities reported for commercial fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods. It has good selectivity in discriminating SARS-CoV-2 RNA against other respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A virus. The reliability of the assay was validated by testing 24 clinical samples, including 12 positive samples with varying cycle threshold (Ct) values and 12 negative samples previously tested using real-time PCR. The assay consistently predicted true results that were in line with the PCR results for all samples. Furthermore, the assay demonstrated a notable limit of detection (LOD) of Ct (38 for RdRp gene and 37.5 for N-gene), indicating its capability to detect low concentrations of the target analyte and potentially facilitating early detection of the pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Awad
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Tamer Abdallah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Institute of Basic and Applied Science - Egpt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Egypt
| | - Sohair Negm
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Banha University, Banha, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala M Hafez
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali M Zaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Talaat
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Herrmann L, Breuer J, Duc TN, Thomé N, Ghazaani F, Kamhieh-Milz S, Kamhieh-Milz J, Pfützner A. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the Pluslife Mini Dock RHAM technology with Abbott ID Now and Cepheid GenXpert: A retrospective evaluation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13978. [PMID: 38886535 PMCID: PMC11183097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens is critical in interrupting the transmission chain of infectious diseases. Currently, real-time (RT-)PCR represents the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. RNase HII-assisted amplification (RHAM) is a promising technology, enabling reliable point-of-care (PoC) testing; however, its diagnostic accuracy has not yet been investigated. The present study compared the Pluslife Mini Dock (RHAM technology), with Abbott ID Now and Cepheid GeneXpert IV. The positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) were determined in 100 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 210 SARS-CoV-2 negative samples. Further, the reliability of the Pluslife Mini Dock was investigated in different SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta and Omicron subvariants). The PPA was 99.00% for Pluslife, 100.00% for Abbott ID Now, and 99.00% for Cepheid GeneXpert, with an NPA of 100.00%, 98.90%, and 93.72%, respectively. Abbott ID Now demonstrated the highest rate of invalid results. All SARS-CoV-2 analysed variants were detected by the Pluslife device. Altogether, the Pluslife Mini Dock demonstrated a PPA of 99.16% (235/237) for CT < 36 and an NPA of 100.00% (313/313), respectively. In conclusion, the Pluslife Mini Dock demonstrated better analytical performance than Abbott ID Now and Cepheid GeneXpert IV, representing a highly accurate and rapid PoC alternative to RT-PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Breuer
- Lifecare Laboratories, Mainz, Germany
- Pfützner Science and Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tuan Ngo Duc
- DHS - Diagnostic HealthCare Solutions, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Thomé
- Lifecare Laboratories, Mainz, Germany
- Pfützner Science and Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- DHS - Diagnostic HealthCare Solutions, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Koch Platz 4, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Pfützner
- Pfützner Science and Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University for Digital Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Wiltz, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rath RJ, Herrington JO, Adeel M, Güder F, Dehghani F, Farajikhah S. Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116100. [PMID: 38364327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Invasive methods such as blood collection and biopsy are commonly used for testing liver and kidney function, which are painful, time-consuming, require trained personnel, and may not be easily accessible to people for their routine checkup. Early diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases can prevent severe symptoms and ensure better management of these patients. Emerging approaches such as breath and sweat analysis have shown potential as non-invasive methods for disease diagnosis. Among the many markers, ammonia is often used as a biomarker for the monitoring of liver and kidney functions. In this review we provide an insight into the production and expulsion of ammonia gas in the human body, the different diseases that could potentially use ammonia as biomarker and analytical devices such as chemiresistive gas sensors for non-invasive monitoring of this gas. The review also provides an understanding into the different materials, doping agents and substrates used to develop such multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and the possible future trends have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronil J Rath
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack O Herrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kropaneva M, Khramtsov P, Bochkova M, Lazarev S, Kiselkov D, Rayev M. Vertical Flow Immunoassay Based on Carbon Black Nanoparticles for the Detection of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Serum: Proof-of-Concept. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:857. [PMID: 37754091 PMCID: PMC10526127 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care tests play an important role in serological diagnostics of infectious diseases and post-vaccination immunity monitoring, including in COVID-19. Currently, lateral flow tests dominate in this area and show good analytical performance. However, studies to improve the effectiveness of such tests remain important. In comparison with lateral flow tests, vertical flow immunoassays allow for a reduction in assay duration and the influence of the hook effect. Additionally, the use of carbon black nanoparticles (CNPs) as a color label can provide a lower detection limit (LOD) compared to conventional colloidal gold. Therefore, we have developed a vertical flow immunoassay for the detection of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human serum samples by applying a conjugate of CNPs with anti-human IgG mouse monoclonal antibodies (CNP@MAb). The vertical flow assay device consists of a plastic cassette with a hole on its top containing a nitrocellulose membrane coated with spike protein and an absorbent pad. The serum sample, washing buffer, and CNP@MAb flow vertically through the nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent pads, reducing assay time and simplifying the procedure. In positive samples, the interaction of CNP@MAb with anti-spike antibodies leads to the appearance of black spots, which can be visually detected. The developed method allows for rapid visual detection (5-7 min) of IgG vs. spike protein, with a LOD of 7.81 BAU/mL. It has been shown that an untrained operator can perform the assay and visually evaluate its results. Thus, the presented assay can be used in the further development of test systems for the serological diagnostics of COVID-19 or post-vaccination immunity monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kropaneva
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Pavel Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Kiselkov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong T, Wang M, Liu J, Ma P, Pang S, Liu W, Liu A. Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6149-6206. [PMID: 37325147 PMCID: PMC10266450 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced severe public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy significantly. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is not as fatal as the initial outbreak, many infected victims suffer from long COVID. Therefore, rapid and large-scale testing is critical in managing patients and alleviating its transmission. Herein, we review the recent advances in techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2. The sensing principles are detailed together with their application domains and analytical performances. In addition, the advantages and limits of each method are discussed and analyzed. Besides molecular diagnostics and antigen and antibody tests, we also review neutralizing antibodies and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, the characteristics of the mutational locations in the different variants with epidemiological features are summarized. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies are prospected to develop new assays to meet different diagnostic needs. Thus, this comprehensive and systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies may provide insightful guidance and direction for developing tools for the diagnosis and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 to support public healthcare and effective long-term pandemic management and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Junchong Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Pengxin Ma
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wanjian Liu
- Qingdao Hightop Biotech Co., Ltd 369 Hedong Road, Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Qingdao 266112 China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu FX, Cui JQ, Wu Z, Yao S. Recent progress in nucleic acid detection with CRISPR. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1467-1492. [PMID: 36723235 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in CRISPR-based biotechnologies have greatly expanded our capabilities to repurpose CRISPR for the development of molecular diagnostic systems. The key attribute that allows CRISPR to be widely utilized is its programmable and highly specific nature. In this review, we first illustrate the principle of the class 2 CRISPR nucleases for molecular diagnostics which originates from their immunologic defence systems. Next, we present the CRISPR-based schemes in the application of diagnostics with amplification-assisted or amplification-free strategies. By highlighting some of the recent advances we interpret how general bioengineering methodologies can be integrated with CRISPR. Finally, we discuss the challenges and exciting prospects for future CRISPR-based biosensing development. We hope that this review will guide the reader to systematically learn the start-of-the-art development of CRISPR-mediated nucleic acid detection and understand how to apply the CRISPR nucleases with different design concepts to more general applications in diagnostics and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank X Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Johnson Q Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhihao Wu
- IIP-Advanced Materials, Interdisciplinary Program Office (IPO), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pei F, Feng S, Hu W, Liu B, Mu X, Hao Q, Cao Y, Lei W, Tong Z. Sandwich mode lateral flow assay for point-of-care detecting SARS-CoV-2. Talanta 2023; 253. [PMCID: PMC9612878 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The global corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been announced a pandemic outbreak, and has threatened human life and health seriously. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as its causative pathogen, is widely detected in the screening of COVID-19 patients, infected people and contaminated substances. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a popular point-of-care detection method, possesses advantages of quick response, simple operation mode, portable device, and low cost. Based on the above advantages, LFA has been widely developed for detecting SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarized the articles about the sandwich mode LFA detecting SARS-CoV-2, classified according to the target detection objects indicating genes, nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and specific antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. In each part, LFA is further classified and summarized according to different signal detection types. Additionally, the properties of the targets were introduced to clarify their detection significance. The review is expected to provide a helpful guide for LFA sensitization and marker selection of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Shasha Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xihui Mu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Qingli Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Ge C, Zha L, Lin L, Li R. Simple Nano-Luciferase-Based Assay for the Rapid and High-Throughput Detection of SARS-CoV-2 3C-Like Protease. Anal Chem 2023; 95:714-719. [PMID: 36576396 PMCID: PMC9843625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we described an easy-to-perform nano-luciferase (nLuc) sensor for the rapid detection of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) encoded by SARS-CoV-2. The technology is based on the cleavage reaction of recombinant-nLuc via 3CLpro. The nLuc-based assay is a general, one-step method and is naturally specific in detection. The stability, sensitivity, detection range, and response time are fully characterized. The application of 3CLpro detection in artificial and human saliva as well as antiviral drug screening demonstrates that the method can quantify 3CLpro with high sensitivity in one step. With its unique features, the nLuc-based assay may find broad applications in the auxiliary diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, as well as other types of coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Liu
- College
of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Ge
- College
of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zha
- College
of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P. R. China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University
of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China
| | - Rongsong Li
- College
of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majrashi NAA. The value of chest X-ray and CT severity scoring systems in the diagnosis of COVID-19: A review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1076184. [PMID: 36714121 PMCID: PMC9877460 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1076184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a coronavirus family member known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main laboratory test to confirm the quick diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on nasal or throat swab sampling. A small percentage of false-negative RT-PCR results have been reported. The RT-PCR test has a sensitivity of 50-72%, which could be attributed to a low viral load in test specimens or laboratory errors. In contrast, chest CT has shown 56-98% of sensitivity in diagnosing COVID-19 at initial presentation and has been suggested to be useful in correcting false negatives from RT-PCR. Chest X-rays and CT scans have been proposed to predict COVID-19 disease severity by displaying the score of lung involvement and thus providing information about the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 infection. As a result, the current study provides a comprehensive overview of the utility of the severity score index using X-rays and CT scans in diagnosing patients with COVID-19 when compared to RT-PCR.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rubio-Monterde A, Quesada-González D, Merkoçi A. Toward Integrated Molecular Lateral Flow Diagnostic Tests Using Advanced Micro- and Nanotechnology. Anal Chem 2023; 95:468-489. [PMID: 36413136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rubio-Monterde
- Paperdrop Diagnostics S.L., MRB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Paperdrop Diagnostics S.L., MRB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, 08036 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sherif B, Hafez HM, Abdelhalim MR, Elwafa MAZA, Wahba NS, Hamdy P. Evaluation of diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 detection kits: a comparative study. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 36819293 PMCID: PMC9924908 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has hit many countries worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce disease burden. Many commercial kits have become available, but their performance needs to be assessed. This study aimed at evaluation of the diagnostic performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Rapid Antigen detection (RAD) kits for detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Five hundred sixty-four Nasopharyngeal swab specimens sent to Molecular Laboratory at Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing collected from 564 subjects who attended the outpatient clinic for sample collection were randomly selected. All samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 PCR using Viasure. Each time a recent kit was introduced, 94 samples, previously tested using Viasure, were used to determine the performance characteristics of the recent kit in comparison with Viasure, including Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD), DNA Technology, QiaPrep, Xpress SARS-CoV-2, ID NOW COVID-19 assay and Artron COVID-19 Antigen test kit. Results Upon comparison, FTD, DNA Technology, QiaPrep, Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and ID Now showed positive percent agreement, 100%, 100%, 97.7%, 100%, 100% negative percent agreement, 86%, 100%, 98.8%, 90%, 100%, respectively. The RAD kit results, when compared with RT-PCR, showed high sensitivity at cycle threshold (Ct) < 30, low sensitivity at Ct ≥ 30, while specificity was 100%. Conclusion Fast track, DNA Technology, QiaPrep, Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and ID Now showed good diagnostic performance. Positive RAD rule in SARS-CoV-2 infection, however negative results should be correlated with clinical condition and molecular testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Sherif
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Hafez
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ramadan Abdelhalim
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna Allah Zakaria Abou Elwafa
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy Samir Wahba
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Perihan Hamdy
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ganesh PS, Kim SY. A comparison of conventional and advanced electroanalytical methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus: A concise review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135645. [PMID: 35817176 PMCID: PMC9270057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a serious threat to human wellbeing that can cause pandemic disease. As a result, it is critical to identify virus in a timely, sensitive, and precise manner. The present novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease outbreak has increased these concerns. The research of developing various methods for COVID-19 virus identification is one of the most rapidly growing research areas. This review article compares and addresses recent improvements in conventional and advanced electroanalytical approaches for detecting COVID-19 virus. The popular conventional methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), serology test, and computed tomography (CT) scan with artificial intelligence require specialized equipment, hours of processing, and specially trained staff. Many researchers, on the other hand, focused on the invention and expansion of electrochemical and/or bio sensors to detect SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that they could show a significant role in COVID-19 disease control. We attempted to meticulously summarize recent advancements, compare conventional and electroanalytical approaches, and ultimately discuss future prospective in the field. We hope that this review will be helpful to researchers who are interested in this interdisciplinary field and desire to develop more innovative virus detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattan-Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KoreaTech), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KoreaTech), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peixoto FB, Raimundini Aranha AC, Nardino DA, Defendi RO, Suzuki RM. Extraction and encapsulation of bioactive compounds: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barroso Peixoto
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Oliveira Defendi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | - Rúbia Michele Suzuki
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Miao X, Song C, Chen N, Xiong J, Gan H, Ni J, Zhu Y, Cheng K, Wang L. Non-enzymatic signal amplification-powered point-of-care SERS sensor for rapid and ultra-sensitive assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114379. [PMID: 35635970 PMCID: PMC9110061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of rapid and ultra-sensitive detection technology of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for shortening the diagnostic window and achieving early detection of virus infections is a huge challenge to the efficient prevention and control of COVID-19. Herein, a novel ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor powered by non-enzymatic signal amplification is proposed for rapid and reliable assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA based on SERS-active silver nanorods (AgNRs) sensing chips and a specially designed smart unlocking-mediated target recycling signal amplification strategy. The SERS sensing was carried out by a one-pot hybridization of the lock probes (LPs), hairpin DNAs and SERS tags with SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples on an arrayed SERS sensing chip to achieve the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the execution of nuclease-free unlocking-mediated target recycling signal amplification, and the combination of SERS tags to generate SERS signal. The SERS sensor for SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be achieved within 50 min with an ultra-high sensitivity low to 51.38 copies/mL, and has good selectivity in discriminating SARS-CoV-2 RNA against other respiratory viruses in representative clinical samples, which is well adapted for rapid, ultra-sensitive, multi-channel and point-of-care testing of viral nucleic acids, and is expected to achieve detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in earlier detection windows for efficient COVID-19 prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaping Miao
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, 10 Luoxuan 3rd Road, Guangzhou International Biotech Island, Guangdong, 510005, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Na Chen
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, 10 Luoxuan 3rd Road, Guangzhou International Biotech Island, Guangdong, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingrong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongyu Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaiting Cheng
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, 10 Luoxuan 3rd Road, Guangzhou International Biotech Island, Guangdong, 510005, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Filchakova O, Dossym D, Ilyas A, Kuanysheva T, Abdizhamil A, Bukasov R. Review of COVID-19 testing and diagnostic methods. Talanta 2022; 244:123409. [PMID: 35390680 PMCID: PMC8970625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
More than six billion tests for COVID-19 has been already performed in the world. The testing for SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus and corresponding human antibodies is essential not only for diagnostics and treatment of the infection by medical institutions, but also as a pre-requisite for major semi-normal economic and social activities such as international flights, off line work and study in offices, access to malls, sport and social events. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, time to results and cost per test are essential parameters of those tests and even minimal improvement in any of them may have noticeable impact on life in the many countries of the world. We described, analyzed and compared methods of COVID-19 detection, while representing their parameters in 22 tables. Also, we compared test performance of some FDA approved test kits with clinical performance of some non-FDA approved methods just described in scientific literature. RT-PCR still remains a golden standard in detection of the virus, but a pressing need for alternative less expensive, more rapid, point of care methods is evident. Those methods that may eventually get developed to satisfy this need are explained, discussed, quantitatively compared. The review has a bioanalytical chemistry prospective, but it may be interesting for a broader circle of readers who are interested in understanding and improvement of COVID-19 testing, helping eventually to leave COVID-19 pandemic in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Filchakova
- Biology Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dina Dossym
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aisha Ilyas
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tamila Kuanysheva
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Altynay Abdizhamil
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mattila S, Paalanne N, Honkila M, Pokka T, Tapiainen T. Effect of Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens on Antibiotic Use in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2216162. [PMID: 35679047 PMCID: PMC9185185 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Limited data are available on the clinical impact of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens in acutely ill children. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of multiplex PCR point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use in acutely ill children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This unblinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 6, 2019, through March 12, 2020. The participants were followed up until hospitalization or discharge from the emergency department (ED) for primary outcome. The study was conducted at the pediatric ED of Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Eligible study participants were children aged 0 to 17 years with fever and/or any respiratory signs or symptoms. Children with underlying medical conditions were included. The statistical analyses were performed between August 11, 2020, and September 14, 2021. INTERVENTIONS The participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio either to undergo multiplex PCR point-of-care testing (18 respiratory viruses and 3 bacteria with results ready within 70 minutes) upon arrival at the ED or to receive routine care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the proportion of children receiving antibiotic therapy. The secondary outcomes were the numbers of diagnostic tests and radiographic imaging procedures performed and costs. RESULTS A total of 1417 children were assessed for eligibility. After exclusions, 1243 children (692 boys [56%]) were randomly allocated to either the intervention (829 children) or control (414 children) group. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 3.0 (3.6) years in the intervention group (median [IQR], 1.7 [0.4-4.1] years) and 3.0 (3.5) years (median [IQR], 1.9 [0.4-4.1] years) in the control group. Multiplex PCR point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens did not reduce the overall prescribing of antibiotics in the emergency department (226 children [27.3%] in the intervention group vs 118 children [28.5%] in the control group; risk ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.79-1.16). Targeted antibiotic therapy was started in 12 children (1.4%) tested with point-of-care multiplex PCR and 2 children (0.5%) in the control group (risk ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 0.76-11.9). The numbers of diagnostic tests did not differ between the groups, nor did the costs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens did not reduce the use of antibiotics at the pediatric ED. Testing for respiratory pathogens appears to have a limited impact on clinical decision-making for acutely ill children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03932942.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Mattila
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Gynecology, Obstetrics) Research Unit and Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Gynecology, Obstetrics) Research Unit and Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Honkila
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Gynecology, Obstetrics) Research Unit and Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti Pokka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Gynecology, Obstetrics) Research Unit and Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Gynecology, Obstetrics) Research Unit and Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar A, Parihar A, Panda U, Parihar DS. Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Devices in Dealing with Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Emerging Solution. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2046-2068. [PMID: 35473316 PMCID: PMC9063993 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microfluidics-based point-of-care testing (POCT) technology such as paper, array, and beads have shown promising results for diagnosing various infectious diseases. The fast and timely detection of viral infection has proven to be a critical step for deciding the therapeutic outcome in the current COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn not only enhances the patient survival rate but also reduces the disease-associated comorbidities. In the present scenario, rapid, noninvasive detection of the virus using low cost and high throughput microfluidics-based POCT devices embraces the advantages over existing diagnostic technologies, for which a centralized lab facility, expensive instruments, sample pretreatment, and skilled personnel are required. Microfluidic-based multiplexed POCT devices can be a boon for clinical diagnosis in developing countries that lacks a centralized health care system and resources. The microfluidic devices can be used for disease diagnosis and exploited for the development and testing of drug efficacy for disease treatment in model systems. The havoc created by the second wave of COVID-19 led several countries' governments to the back front. The lack of diagnostic kits, medical devices, and human resources created a huge demand for a technology that can be remotely operated with single touch and data that can be analyzed on a phone. Recent advancements in information technology and the use of smartphones led to a paradigm shift in the development of diagnostic devices, which can be explored to deal with the current pandemic situation. This review sheds light on various approaches for the development of cost-effective microfluidics POCT devices. The successfully used microfluidic devices for COVID-19 detection under clinical settings along with their pros and cons have been discussed here. Further, the integration of microfluidic devices with smartphones and wireless network systems using the Internet-of-things will enable readers for manufacturing advanced POCT devices for remote disease management in low resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing
Kancheepuram, Chennai 600127, India
| | - Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials,
CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026,
India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing
Kancheepuram, Chennai 600127, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu K, Tonini D, Liang S, Saha R, Chugh VK, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9945-9969. [PMID: 35167743 PMCID: PMC9055838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has seen flourishing development from theory to application in the last three decades since its discovery in 1988. Nowadays, commercial devices based on the GMR effect, such as hard-disk drives, biosensors, magnetic field sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc., are available in the market, by virtue of the advances in state-of-the-art thin-film deposition and micro- and nanofabrication techniques. Different types of GMR biosensor arrays with superior sensitivity and robustness are available at a lower cost for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In this paper, we review the recent advances in GMR-based biomedical applications including disease diagnosis, genotyping, food and drug regulation, brain and cardiac mapping, etc. The GMR magnetic multilayer structure, spin valve, and magnetic granular structure, as well as fundamental theories of the GMR effect, are introduced at first. The emerging topic of flexible GMR for wearable biosensing is also included. Different GMR pattern designs, sensor surface functionalization, bioassay strategies, and on-chip accessories for improved GMR performances are reviewed. It is foreseen that combined with the state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, GMR biosensors hold great promise in biomedicine, particularly for point-of-care (POC) disease diagnosis and wearable devices for real-time health monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Investigation of discordant SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results using minimally processed saliva. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2806. [PMID: 35181678 PMCID: PMC8857222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an attractive sample for coronavirus disease 2019 testing due its ease of collection and amenability to detect viral RNA with minimal processing. Using a direct-to-RT-PCR method with saliva self-collected from confirmed COVID-19 positive volunteers, we observed 32% false negative results. Confirmed negative and healthy volunteer samples spiked with 106 genome copies/mL of heat-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 showed false negative results of 10% and 13%, respectively. Additional sample heating or dilution of the false negative samples conferred only modest improvements. These results highlight the potential to significantly underdiagnose COVID-19 infections when testing directly from minimally processed heterogeneous saliva samples.
Collapse
|
22
|
Airoldi C, Calcagno A, Di Perri G, Valinotto R, Gallo L, Locana E, Trunfio M, Patrucco F, Vineis P, Faggiano F. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Workers in Northern Italy. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:224-232. [PMID: 34365502 PMCID: PMC8385866 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among active workers is poor known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) among a convenience sample of workers and to identify high-risk job sectors during the first pandemic way. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 28 March and 7 August 2020, recorded by a private healthcare center located in North-West Italy. Association among seroprevalence and demographic and occupational variables was evaluated using chi square test and the seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS We collected the results for 23568 serological tests from a sample of 22708 workers from about 1000 companies. Median age was 45 years and about 60% of subjects were male. The overall seroprevalence was 4.97% [95%CI 4.69-5.25]. No statistical difference was found among gender while seroprevalence was associated with subjects' age, geographical location, and occupational sector. Significantly higher values of positivity were observed for the logistics sector (31.3%), weaving factory (12.6%), nursing homes (9.8%), and chemical industry (6.9%) workers. However, we observed some clusters of cases in single companies independently from the sector.Then, a detailed focus on 940 food workers shown a seroprevalence of 5.21% [95%CI 3.79-6.63] and subjects who self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and who worked during lockdown had a higher probability of being infected (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Data obtained might be useful for future public health decision; more than occupation sector, it seems that failure on prevention system in single companies increase the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Airoldi
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Gallo
- DC, Centro Diagnostico Cernaia (Gruppo C.D.C), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Trunfio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1 PG, UK
| | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy.,Osservatorio Epidemiologico, ASL Vercelli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deshpande PS, Abraham IE, Pitamberwale A, Dhote RH. Review of Clinical Performance of Serology Based Commercial Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:82-111. [PMID: 35007431 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization, has created havoc worldwide. The highly transmissible infection can be contained only by accurate diagnosis, quarantining, and exercising social distancing. Therefore, quick and massive deployment of SARS-CoV-2 testing plays a crucial role in the identification and isolation of infected patients. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for COVID-19 detection; however, it needs expertise, facilities, and time. Hence, for the ease of population-wide screening, serology-based diagnostic assays were introduced. These can help determine the prevalence of infection, understand the epidemiology of the disease, and assist in suitable public health interventions while being user-friendly and less time consuming. Although serological testing kits in markets soared, their sensitivity and specificity were questioned in reports from different parts of the world. In this article, we have reviewed 40 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CE-approved clinically evaluated serological kits (8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] kits, 10 chemiluminescent immunoassay [CLIA] kits, and 22 lateral flow immunoassay [LFIA] kits) for their sensitivity and specificity and discussed the apparent reasons behind their performance. We observed appreciable sensitivity in the kits detecting total antibodies compared to the kits targeting single isotype antibodies. Tests that determined antibodies against nucleocapsid protein were found to be more sensitive and those detecting antibodies against spike protein were found to have greater specificity. This study was conducted to help the decision-making while acquiring antibody kits and concurrently to be mindful of their shortcomings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam S Deshpande
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College, Pune, India
| | - Irene E Abraham
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College, Pune, India
| | - Anjali Pitamberwale
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College, Pune, India
| | - Radhika H Dhote
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A step toward better sample management of COVID-19: On-spot detection by biometric technology and artificial intelligence. COVID-19 AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9334987 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91307-2.00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Current Advances in Paper-Based Biosensor Technologies for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022; 16:376-396. [PMID: 35968255 PMCID: PMC9363872 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant economic and social impacts on billions of people worldwide since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in November 2019. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology serves as a robust test to detect SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19, there is a high demand for cost-effective, rapid, comfortable, and accurate point-of-care diagnostic tests in medical facilities. This review introduces the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and diagnostic biomarkers derived from viral components. A comprehensive introduction of a paper-based diagnostic platform, including detection mechanisms for various target biomarkers and a COVID-19 commercial kit is presented. Intrinsic limitations related to the poor performance of currently developed paper-based devices and unresolved issues are discussed. Furthermore, we provide insight into novel paper-based diagnostic platforms integrated with advanced technologies such as nanotechnology, aptamers, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the development of highly sensitive, accurate, cost-effective, and easy-to-use point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostic methods.
Collapse
|
26
|
Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Blokland MH, Elliott CT, Pawliszyn J, Nielen MWF. Immuno-Enriched Microspheres - Magnetic Blade Spray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Domoic Acid in Mussels. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15736-15743. [PMID: 34726384 PMCID: PMC8637537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic microspheres can be used in planar array fluorescence immunoassays for single or multiplex screening of food contaminants. However, no confirmation of the molecular identity is obtained. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a direct ionization mass spectrometry (MS) technique, and when combined with triple quadrupole MS/MS, it allows for rapid confirmation of food contaminants. The lack of chromatography in CBS, though, compromises the specificity of the measurement for unequivocal identification of contaminants, based on the European Union (EU) regulation. Therefore, a rapid and easy-to-use immuno-magnetic blade spray (iMBS) method was developed in which immuno-enriched paramagnetic microspheres replace the coating of CBS. The iMBS-MS/MS method was fully optimized, validated in-house following the EU 2021/808 regulation, and benchmarked against a commercial lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for on-site screening of DA. The applicability of iMBS-MS/MS was further demonstrated by analyzing incurred mussel samples. The combination of immunorecognition and MS/MS detection in iMBS-MS/MS enhances the measurement's selectivity, which is demonstrated by the rapid differentiation between the marine toxin domoic acid (DA) and its structural analog kainic acid (KA), which cannot be achieved with the LFIA alone. Interestingly, this first-ever reported iMBS-MS/MS method is generic and can be adapted to include any other immuno-captured food contaminant, provided that monoclonal antibodies are available, thus offering a complementary confirmatory analysis approach to multiplex immunoassay screening methods. Moreover, thanks to its speed of analysis, iMBS-MS/MS can bridge the logistics gap between future large-scale on-site testings using LFIAs and classical time-consuming confirmatory MS analysis performed in official control laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tulloch JSP, Micocci M, Buckle P, Lawrenson K, Kierkegaard P, McLister A, Gordon AL, García-Fiñana M, Peddie S, Ashton M, Buchan I, Parvulescu P. Enhanced lateral flow testing strategies in care homes are associated with poor adherence and were insufficient to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks: results from a mixed methods implementation study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1868-1875. [PMID: 34272866 PMCID: PMC8406873 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Care homes have been severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rapid antigen testing could identify most SARS-CoV-2 infected staff and visitors before they enter homes. We explored implementation of staff and visitor testing protocols using lateral flow devices (LFDs). Methods An evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 LFD-based testing protocol in 11 care homes in Liverpool, UK, including staff and visitor testing, plus a qualitative exploratory study in nine of these homes. The proportion of pilot homes with outbreaks, and outbreak size, were compared to non-pilot homes in Liverpool. Adherence to testing protocols was evaluated. Fifteen staff were interviewed, and transcript data were thematically coded using an iterative analysis to identify and categorize factors influencing testing implementation. Results In total, 1,638 LFD rapid tests were performed on 407 staff. Protocol adherence was poor with 8.6% of staff achieving >75% protocol adherence, and 25.3% achieving \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$\ge$\end{document}50%. Six care homes had outbreaks during the study. Compared to non-pilot care homes, there was no evidence of significant difference in the proportion of homes with outbreaks, or the size of outbreaks. Qualitative data showed difficulty implementing testing strategies due to excessive work burden. Factors influencing adherence related to test integration and procedural factors, socio-economic factors, cognitive overload and the emotional value of testing. Conclusion Implementation of staff and visitor care home LFD testing protocols was poorly adhered to and consequently did not reduce the number or scale of COVID-19 outbreaks. More focus is needed on the contextual and behavioural factors that influence protocol adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S P Tulloch
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Massimo Micocci
- NIHR London In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Peter Buckle
- NIHR London In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Karen Lawrenson
- Public Health Department, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1DS, UK
| | - Patrick Kierkegaard
- NIHR London In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
- CRUK Convergence Science Centre, Institute for Cancer Research & Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anna McLister
- NIHR London In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Adam L Gordon
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC-EM), Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Steve Peddie
- Adults Social Care Department, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1DS, UK
| | - Matthew Ashton
- Public Health Department, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1DS, UK
| | - Iain Buchan
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Parvulescu
- Public Health Department, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1DS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chan KG, Ang GY, Yu CY, Yean CY. Harnessing CRISPR-Cas to Combat COVID-19: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1210. [PMID: 34833086 PMCID: PMC8623262 DOI: 10.3390/life11111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global threat with an ever-increasing death toll even after a year on. Hence, the rapid identification of infected individuals with diagnostic tests continues to be crucial in the on-going effort to combat the spread of COVID-19. Viral nucleic acid detection via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or sequencing is regarded as the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, but these technically intricate molecular tests are limited to centralized laboratories due to the highly specialized instrument and skilled personnel requirements. Based on the current development in the field of diagnostics, the programmable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system appears to be a promising technology that can be further explored to create rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools for both laboratory and point-of-care (POC) testing. Other than diagnostics, the potential application of the CRISPR-Cas system as an antiviral agent has also been gaining attention. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in CRISPR-Cas-based nucleic acid detection strategies and the application of CRISPR-Cas as a potential antiviral agent in the context of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kok Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Geik Yong Ang
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Choo Yee Yu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saluzzo F, Mantegani P, Poletti de Chaurand V, Cugnata F, Rovere-Querini P, Cilla M, Erba PP, Racca S, Tresoldi C, Uberti-Foppa C, Di Serio C, Cirillo DM. Saliva molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2: simplifying the diagnosis without losing accuracy. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.02099-2021. [PMID: 34649973 PMCID: PMC8859976 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02099-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to rely on rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques has proved itself crucial during the past year to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection [1]. Even if quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) on nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is still considered the standard for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, saliva has been evaluated in several studies as a possible alternative to NPS and is currently extensively utilised in South Korea, Germany and Japan [2, 3]. Nonetheless, the use of saliva is still debated, and a rigorous standardisation of the analysis protocol is greatly needed [4–6]. The application of point-of-care technologies on saliva, able to rapidly perform highly specific and sensitive molecular testing, could prove invaluable to allow the diagnosis also in challenging and remote settings by simplifying and speeding up the diagnostic process [1]. This study demonstrated that the use of point of care technologies on saliva represents a valid and highly specific solution to simplify, speed up and broadly distribute the diagnostic process for the control of the COVID-19 epidemichttps://bit.ly/3oh4bds
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saluzzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Mantegani
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Cugnata
- CUSSB-University Center for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta Cilla
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Paola Erba
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Racca
- Laboratorio Microbiologia/Virologia, SMEL, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Molecular Hematology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Uberti-Foppa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Serio
- CUSSB-University Center for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skwarek A, Gąsecka A, Jaguszewski MJ, Szarpak Ł, Dzieciątkowski T, Filipiak KJ. Nanoparticles: a breakthrough in COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1410-1420. [PMID: 37732058 PMCID: PMC10507787 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/142103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The three key principles in management of the COVID-19 pandemic are prevention, early detection and targeted treatment. Vaccine-based prevention together with early detection has already proven its efficacy in controlling the pandemic. Early detection of infected patients could substantially accelerate the implementation of treatment, but also help to identify infection hotspots, whereas targeted treatment might destroy the virus and minimize damage to healthy tissue. Nanoparticles hold great promise with respect to these aspects. They may also be the solution to emerging clinical problems such as reinfection, pregnancy-related COVID-19 and coinfection. Here, we aim to discuss the potential applications of nanoparticles to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skwarek
- 1 Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1 Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Białystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Craney A, Petrik D, Sukhu A, Qiu Y, Racine-Brzostek S, Rennert H, Piscatelli H, Rathnaiah G, Hangman A, Carrie M, Cushing M. Performance Evaluation of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Nasopharyngeal Swabs. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0008321. [PMID: 34378961 PMCID: PMC8552687 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00083-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken an unprecedented toll on clinical diagnostic testing, and the need for PCR-based testing remains to be met. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the recommended method for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to the inherent advantages in sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF test, a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, run on the Solas 8 instrument (MatMaCorp, Lincoln, NE). The Solas 8 device is portable, and the kit is a lab-in-a-box design which provides reagents in a shelf-stable lyophilized powder format. A total of 78 remnant clinical specimens were used to evaluate the COVID-19 2SF test. Sixty-two clinical specimens originally tested by the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay (Cepheid, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) were used to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the COVID-19 2SF test. The negative percent agreement (NPA) was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.9% to 100%), and the positive percent agreement (PPA) was 85.4% (95% CI, 70.8% to 94.4%). Sixteen remnant specimens positive for other common respiratory pathogens (FilmArray respiratory panel 2.0; BioFire, Salt Lake City, UT) were assayed on the Solas 8 device to evaluate specificity. No cross-reactivity with other respiratory pathogens was identified. The unique lab-in-a-box design and shelf-stable reagents of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF test offer laboratories a rapid option for a diagnostic NAAT for SARS-CoV-2 that can help meet diagnostic needs. IMPORTANCE The demand for molecular testing for COVID-19 remains to be met. This study of the MatMaCorp Solas 8 device and COVID-19 test provides the first evaluation of this platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arryn Craney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ashley Sukhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital–Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Craney A, Petrik D, Suhku A, Qiu Y, Racine-Brzostek S, Rennert H, Piscatelli H, Rathnaiah G, Hangman A, Carrie M, Cushing M. Performance Evaluation of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Nasopharyngeal Swabs. Microbiol Spectr 2021. [PMID: 34378961 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00083-21/asset/20dda6a3-cf04-4b25-bf05-3f0b4593f107/assets/images/large/spectrum.00083-21-f001.jpg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken an unprecedented toll on clinical diagnostic testing, and the need for PCR-based testing remains to be met. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the recommended method for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to the inherent advantages in sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF test, a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, run on the Solas 8 instrument (MatMaCorp, Lincoln, NE). The Solas 8 device is portable, and the kit is a lab-in-a-box design which provides reagents in a shelf-stable lyophilized powder format. A total of 78 remnant clinical specimens were used to evaluate the COVID-19 2SF test. Sixty-two clinical specimens originally tested by the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay (Cepheid, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) were used to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the COVID-19 2SF test. The negative percent agreement (NPA) was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.9% to 100%), and the positive percent agreement (PPA) was 85.4% (95% CI, 70.8% to 94.4%). Sixteen remnant specimens positive for other common respiratory pathogens (FilmArray respiratory panel 2.0; BioFire, Salt Lake City, UT) were assayed on the Solas 8 device to evaluate specificity. No cross-reactivity with other respiratory pathogens was identified. The unique lab-in-a-box design and shelf-stable reagents of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF test offer laboratories a rapid option for a diagnostic NAAT for SARS-CoV-2 that can help meet diagnostic needs. IMPORTANCE The demand for molecular testing for COVID-19 remains to be met. This study of the MatMaCorp Solas 8 device and COVID-19 test provides the first evaluation of this platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arryn Craney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ashley Suhku
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jian MJ, Chung HY, Chang CK, Lin JC, Yeh KM, Chen CW, Li SY, Hsieh SS, Liu MT, Yang JR, Tang SH, Perng CL, Chang FY, Shang HS. Clinical Comparison of Three Sample-to-Answer Systems for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in B.1.1.7 Lineage Emergence. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3255-3261. [PMID: 34429623 PMCID: PMC8380303 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s328327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accurate molecular diagnostic assays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, are needed for epidemiology studies and to support infection-control measures. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity and clinical performance of three sample-to-answer molecular-diagnostics systems for detecting SARS-CoV-2 using 325 nasopharyngeal swab clinical samples from symptomatic patients. Methods The BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1), cobas Liat SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B, and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV platforms, which have been granted emergency-use authorization by the US FDA, were tested and compared. Results The positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and overall percent agreement among the three point of care testing systems were 98–100%, including for the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (non-B.1.1.7) and a variant of concern (B.1.1.7). Notably, the BioFire RP2.1 may fail to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S gene in the B.1.1.7 lineage because of the spike protein mutation. Conclusion All three point of care testing platforms provided highly sensitive, robust, and almost accurate results for rapidly detecting SARS-CoV-2. These automated molecular diagnostic assays can increase the effectiveness of control and prevention measures for infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jr Jian
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Yi Chung
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Ming Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yi Li
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Hsieh
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tsan Liu
- Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ji-Rong Yang
- Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Tang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cherng-Lih Perng
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Berking T, Lorenz SG, Ulrich AB, Greiner J, Kervio E, Bremer J, Wege C, Kleinow T, Richert C. The Effect of Pooling on the Detection of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 with Rapid Antigen Tests. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1290. [PMID: 34359374 PMCID: PMC8303537 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic puts significant stress on the viral testing capabilities of many countries. Rapid point-of-care (PoC) antigen tests are valuable tools but implementing frequent large scale testing is costly. We have developed an inexpensive device for pooling swabs, extracting specimens, and detecting viral antigens with a commercial lateral flow test for the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 as antigen. The holder of the device can be produced locally through 3D printing. The extraction and the elution can be performed with the entire set-up encapsulated in a transparent bag, minimizing the risk of infection for the operator. With 0.35 mL extraction buffer and six swabs, including a positive control swab, 43 ± 6% (n = 8) of the signal for an individual extraction of a positive control standard was obtained. Image analysis still showed a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 2:1 at 32-fold dilution of the extract from a single positive control swab. The relative signal from the test line versus the control line was found to scale linearly upon dilution (R2 = 0.98), indicating that other pooling regimes are conceivable. A pilot project involving 14 participants and 18 pooled tests in a laboratory course at our university did not give any false positives, and an individual case study confirmed the ability to detect a SARS-CoV-2 infection with five-fold or six-fold pooling, including one swab from a PCR-confirmed COVID patient. These findings suggest that pooling can make frequent testing more affordable for schools, universities, and similar institutions, without decreasing sensitivity to an unacceptable level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Berking
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Sabrina G. Lorenz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Alexander B. Ulrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Joachim Greiner
- Institute of Aircraft Design, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Eric Kervio
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Bremer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatjana Kleinow
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.B.); (S.G.L.); (A.B.U.); (E.K.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brown JR, O'Sullivan DM, Shah D, Atkinson L, Pereira RPA, Whale AS, Busby EJ, Huggett JF, Harris K. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 N gene real-time RT-PCR targets and commercially available mastermixes. J Virol Methods 2021; 295:114215. [PMID: 34166701 PMCID: PMC8215874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four different reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) master mixes on the performance of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCRs using three primer/probe assays targeting the N gene (A, B and C). The dynamic range and lowest detected quantity was determined using a SARS-CoV-2 partial N gene RNA transcript dilution series (100,000-1 copy/μl) and verified using 72 nose and throat swabs, 29 of which tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RESULTS Assay C consistently detected the lowest quantity of partial N gene RNA transcript with all mastermixes. The Takara One Step PrimeScript™ III RT-PCR Kit mastermix enabled all primer pairs to detect the entire dynamic range evaluated, with the Qiagen Quantifast and Thermofisher TaqPath 1-Step kits also performing well. Sequences from all three primer/probe sets tested in this study (assay A, B and C) have 100 % homology to ≥97 % of the of SARS-CoV-2 sequences available up to 31st December 2020 (n = 291,483 sequences). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that specific assays (in this case assay C) can perform well in terms of dynamic range and lowest detected quantity regardless of the mastermix used. However we also show that, by choosing the most appropriate mastermix, poorer performing primer pairs are also able to detect all of the template dilutions investigated. This work increases the potential options when choosing assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and provides solutions to enable them to work with optimal analytical sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne R Brown
- Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Divya Shah
- Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Atkinson
- Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui P A Pereira
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eloise J Busby
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Jim F Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC, Teddington, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Harris
- Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu S, Li Q, Chu X, Zeng M, Liu M, He X, Zou H, Zheng J, Corpe C, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang J. Monitoring Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review of Available Diagnostic Tools. Front Public Health 2021; 9:672215. [PMID: 34164371 PMCID: PMC8215441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.672215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has rapidly become a global public health concern. As the new type of betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 can spread across species and between populations and has a greater risk of transmission than other coronaviruses. To control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is vital to have a rapid and effective means of diagnosing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and patients with COVID-19, an early isolation protocol for infected individuals, and effective treatments for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we will summarize the novel diagnostic tools that are currently available for coronavirus, including imaging examinations and laboratory medicine by next-generation sequencing (NGS), real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) analysis, immunoassay for COVID-19, cytokine and T cell immunoassays, biochemistry and microbiology laboratory parameters in the blood of the patients with COVID-19, and a field-effect transistor-based biosensor of COVID-19. Specifically, we will discuss the effective detection rate and assay time for the rRT-PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the sensitivity and specificity of different antibody detection methods, such as colloidal gold and ELISA using specimen sources obtained from the respiratory tract, peripheral serum or plasma, and other bodily fluids. Such diagnostics will help scientists and clinicians develop appropriate strategies to combat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuntao Chu
- Zhuhai Livzon Diagnostics Inc., Guangdong, China
| | - Minxia Zeng
- Zhuhai Livzon Diagnostics Inc., Guangdong, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher Corpe
- Nutritional Science Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rezvani Ghomi E, Khosravi F, Mohseni-M A, Nourbakhsh N, Haji Mohammad Hoseini M, Singh S, Hedenqvist MS, Ramakrishna S. A collection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) detection assays, issues, and challenges. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07247. [PMID: 34124407 PMCID: PMC8179727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has rapidly increased the number of infected cases as well as asymptomatic individuals in many, if not all the societies around the world. This issue increases the demand for accurate and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. While accurate and rapid detection is critical for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, the appropriate course of treatment must be chosen to help patients and prevent its further spread. Testing platform accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 is equally important for clinical, regional, and global arenas to mitigate secondary transmission rounds. The objective of this article is to compare the current detection technology and introduce the most accurate and rapid ones that are suitable for pandemic circumstances. Hence, the importance of rapid detection in societies is discussed initially. Following this, the current technology for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 is explained and classified into three different categories: nucleic acid-based, protein-based, and point of care (PoC) detection testing. Then, the current issues for diagnostic procedures in laboratories are discussed. Finally, the role of new technologies in countering COVID-19 is also introduced to assist researchers in the development of accurate and timely detection of coronaviruses. As coronavirus continues to affect human lives in a detrimental manner, the development of rapid and accurate virus detection methods could promote COVID-19 diagnosis accessible to both individuals and the mass population at patient care. In this regard, rRT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR detection techniques hold promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117581, Singapore
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117581, Singapore
| | - Ali Mohseni-M
- Executive Vice President and Chief Food Safety Officer, American Foods Group, LLC, 500 South Washington St., Green Bay, WI, 54301, USA
- Dir. Ag. Group. Qoqnoos – Phoenix Project Incorporated, USA
| | - Nooshin Nourbakhsh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | | | - Sunpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117581, Singapore
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117581, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|