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Feng ZY, Jiang JC, Meng LY. Carbon-based photoelectrochemical sensors: recent developments and future prospects. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11192-11215. [PMID: 38864748 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the considerable potential of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, they have gained significant attention in the analysis of biological, environmental, and food markers. However, the limited charge mass transfer efficiency and rapid recombination of electron hole pairs have become obstacles in the development of PEC sensors. In this case, considering the unique advantages of carbon-based materials, they can be used as photosensitizers, supporting materials and conductive substrates and coupled with semiconductors to prepare composite materials, solving the above problems. In addition, there are many types of carbon materials, which can have semiconductor properties and form heterojunctions after coupling with semiconductors, effectively promoting the separation of electron hole pairs. Herein, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of reports on carbon-based PEC sensors by introducing their research and application status and discussing future development trends in this field. In particular, the types and performance improvement strategies of carbon-based electrodes and the working principles of carbon-based PEC sensors are explained. Furthermore, the applications of carbon-based photoelectric sensors in environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and food detection are highlighted. Finally, the current limitations in the research on carbon-based PEC sensors are emphasized and the need to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity through material modification, structural design, improved device performance, and other strategies are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Jin-Chi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, PR China
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Geography and Ocean Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Liu X. Artificial Intelligence-Based Microfluidic Platform for Detecting Contaminants in Water: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4350. [PMID: 39001129 PMCID: PMC11243966 DOI: 10.3390/s24134350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution greatly impacts humans and ecosystems, so a series of policies have been enacted to control it. The first step in performing pollution control is to detect contaminants in the water. Various methods have been proposed for water quality testing, such as spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrochemical techniques. However, traditional testing methods require the utilization of laboratory equipment, which is large and not suitable for real-time testing in the field. Microfluidic devices can overcome the limitations of traditional testing instruments and have become an efficient and convenient tool for water quality analysis. At the same time, artificial intelligence is an ideal means of recognizing, classifying, and predicting data obtained from microfluidic systems. Microfluidic devices based on artificial intelligence and machine learning are being developed with great significance for the next generation of water quality monitoring systems. This review begins with a brief introduction to the algorithms involved in artificial intelligence and the materials used in the fabrication and detection techniques of microfluidic platforms. Then, the latest research development of combining the two for pollutant detection in water bodies, including heavy metals, pesticides, micro- and nanoplastics, and microalgae, is mainly introduced. Finally, the challenges encountered and the future directions of detection methods based on industrial intelligence and microfluidic chips are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Liu X, Zhou X, Li X, Wei Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yang H, Sun X. Saliva Analysis Based on Microfluidics: Focusing the Wide Spectrum of Target Analyte. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38039145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2287656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is one of the most critical human body fluids that can reflect the state of the human body. The detection of saliva is of great significance for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Microfluidics, characterized by microscale size and high integration, is an ideal platform for the development of rapid and low-cost disease diagnostic techniques and devices. Microfluidic-based saliva testing methods have aroused considerable interest due to the increasing need for noninvasive testing and frequent or long-term testing. This review briefly described the significance of saliva analysis and generally classified the targets in saliva detection into pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic substances, and organic substances. By using this classification as a benchmark, the state-of-the-art research results on microfluidic detection of various substances in saliva were summarized. This work also put forward the challenges and future development directions of microfluidic detection methods for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixuan Wei
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen R, Guo C, Lan G, Luo P, Yi J, Wei W. Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with surface modified MoSe 2/ZnO composite film for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115469. [PMID: 37329804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate assessment of glucose concentration has been demonstrated to play a significant role in human health, such as the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, pharmaceutical research and quality monitoring in the food industry, necessitating further development of the performance for glucose sensor especially at low concentrations. However, glucose oxidase-based sensors suffer from crucial restriction in bioactivity because of their poor environmental tolerance. Recently, catalytic nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activity, known as nanozymes, have gained considerable interest to overcome the drawback. In this scenario, we report an inspiring surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection employing ZnO nanoparticles and MoSe2 nanosheets composite (MoSe2/ZnO) as sensing film, featuring desirable advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, lab-free and low cost. The ZnO was used to specifically recognize and bind glucose, and further signal amplification was realized by incorporating of MoSe2 owing to its larger specific surface area and favorable bio-compatibility, as well as high electron mobility. These unique features of MoSe2/ZnO composite film result in an obvious improvement of sensitivity for glucose detection. Experimental results show that the measurement sensitivity of the proposed sensor could reach 72.17 nm/(mg/mL) and a detection limit of 4.16 μg/mL by appropriately optimizing the componential constitutions of MoSe2/ZnO composite. In addition, the favorable selectivity, repeatability and stability are demonstrated as well. This facile and cost-effective work provides a novel strategy for constructing high-performance SPR sensor for glucose detection and a prospective application in biomedicine and human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Caicheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guilian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Juemin Yi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Gatou MA, Vagena IA, Pippa N, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA, Lagopati N. The Use of Crystalline Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) in Various Biomedical Applications. CRYSTALS 2023; 13:1236. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst13081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This review study aims to present, in a condensed manner, the significance of the use of crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials, encompassing graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene quantum dots, have emerged as promising materials for the development of medical devices in various biomedical applications. These materials possess inorganic semiconducting attributes combined with organic π-π stacking features, allowing them to efficiently interact with biomolecules and present enhanced light responses. By harnessing these unique properties, carbon-based nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for future advancements in biomedicine. Recent studies have focused on the development of these nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, and biosensors. The conjugation and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials have led to significant advancements in a plethora of therapies and have addressed limitations in preclinical biomedical applications. Furthermore, the wide-ranging therapeutic advantages of carbon nanotubes have been thoroughly examined in the context of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Sun Y, Xue W, Zhao J, Bao Q, Zhang K, Liu Y, Li H. Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Dehydrogenase-Functionalized Polymers on a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Molecular Recognition of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076152. [PMID: 37047124 PMCID: PMC10093998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A glucose biosensor was layer-by-layer assembled on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) from a nanocomposite of NAD(P)+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, aminated polyethylene glycol (mPEG), carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs), and ionic liquid (IL) composite functional polymers. The electrochemical electrode was denoted as NF/IL/GDH/mPEG-fMWCNTs/GCE. The composite polymer membranes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammogram of the modified electrode had a pair of well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal potential of -61 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 0.05 V s-1. The heterogeneous electron transfer constant (ks) of GDH on the composite functional polymer-modified GCE was 6.5 s-1. The biosensor could sensitively recognize and detect glucose linearly from 0.8 to 100 µM with a detection limit down to 0.46 μM (S/N = 3) and a sensitivity of 29.1 nA μM-1. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Kmapp) of the modified electrode was 0.21 mM. The constructed electrochemical sensor was compared with the high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of glucose in commercially available glucose injections. The results demonstrated that the sensor was highly accurate and could be used for the rapid and quantitative determination of glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weishi Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qianqian Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Chen L, Guo X, Sun X, Zhang S, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang T, Cheng W, Shi Y, Pan L. Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:547. [PMID: 36984956 PMCID: PMC10051279 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Shi
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
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He Y, Gao H, Liu J. A Visible-Light-Active CuS/MoS 2/Bi 2WO 6 Aptamer Sensitively Detects the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2834. [PMID: 36014699 PMCID: PMC9414549 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug and is clinically used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, non-articular rheumatism, etc. This research aimed to demonstrate the creation of an upgraded photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptamer sensor for detecting diclofenac (DCF) with high sensitivity. In this work, photoactive materials and bio-identification components served as visible-light-active CuS/MoS2/Bi2WO6 heterostructures and aptamers, respectively. CuS and MoS2/Bi2WO6 were combined to improve photocurrent responsiveness, which helped the structure of PEC aptasensors. Additionally, the one-pot synthesis of CuS/MoS2/Bi2WO6 was ecologically beneficial. With these optimizations, the photocurrent response of aptamer/CS/CuS/MoS2/Bi2WO6 exhibited linearity between 0.1 and 500 nM DCF. The detection limit was 0.03 nM (S/N = 3). These results suggest that the PEC sensing technique might produce an ultra-sensitive sensor with high selectivity and stability for DCF detection.
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Dai B, Zhou R, Ping J, Ying Y, Xie L. Recent advances in carbon nanotube-based biosensors for biomolecular detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Highly dense Ni-MOF nanoflake arrays supported on conductive graphene/carbon fiber substrate as flexible microelectrode for electrochemical sensing of glucose. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yu Z, Gong H, Xu J, Li Y, Zeng Y, Liu X, Tang D. Exploiting Photoelectric Activities and Piezoelectric Properties of NaNbO 3 Semiconductors for Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3418-3426. [PMID: 35148076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology has made major breakthroughs in community medicine and physician office situations, in tandem with the more ubiquitous and intensive usage of highly integrated quick detection equipment for illness diagnosis, personal care, and mobile healthcare. Although the photoelectrochemical (PEC)-based POCT platform offers the benefits of cheap cost and good user engagement, its commercialization is still limited by the photodetection components' downsizing and mobility, among other factors. In this work, a novel highly integrated PEC biosensor aided by piezophototronics to enhance the efficiency of PEC testing was reported for flexible detection of cancer-associated antigens in biological fluids (prostate-specific antigen, PSA, used as an example). Multiple signal enhancement strategies, including a magnetic bead-linked enzyme-linked immune system catalyzing the production of ascorbic acid from the substrate and a piezoelectric-assisted enhancement strategy, were used for sensitive detection of the analyte to be tested in human body fluids. Unlike the electron transfer mechanism in heterojunctions, piezoelectric semiconductors promote the transfer of electrons and holes by generating piezoelectric potentials in the ultrasonic field, thus contributing to the performance of the PEC testbed. Under optimized conditions, the test platform achieves good correspondence for PSA at 0.02-40 ng mL-1. Impressively, the test devices are comparable to or even superior to gold standard ELISA kits in terms of cost approval and batch testing. This research demonstrates the potential of piezoelectric semiconductors for POC applications in revolutionary PECs and offers innovative thoughts for the development of new PEC bioanalytical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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Hydrogen-assisted synthesis of Ni-ZIF-derived nickel nanoparticle chains coated with nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon layers as efficient electrocatalysts for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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