1
|
Hu M, Dong J, Wang H, Huang J, Geng L, Liu M, Tao C, Liu J, Chen X, Ahmed MBM, Zhao W, Sun X, Guo Y. Novel ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor based on broad-spectrum aptamer recognition for simultaneous detection of penicillin antibiotics in milk. Food Chem 2024; 456:139946. [PMID: 38852450 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
To effectively monitor multi-residues of penicillin antibiotics (PENs) in milk, we developed a novel ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor enabling simultaneous detection of PENs. The aptasensor employed a broad-spectrum aptamer as a recognition element, niobium carbide functionalized with methylene blue (Nb2C-MB) as a reference signal generator, and a ferrocene-labeled aptamer (Fc-Apt) as an output signal. Electrodes were modified with Fe-N-C doped carbon nanotubes (Fe-N-C-CNTs) to amplify detection signals further. During detection, Fc-Apt binding to PENs decreased Fc current intensity (IFc) and increased MB current intensity (IMB). The simultaneous detection of PENs was achieved using IMB/IFc as a quantitative signal. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship between IMB/IFc and antibiotic concentration was observed, indicating the aptasensor had a robustness. The limits of detection of aptasensor for four penicillin antibiotics and their mixed targets were 0.093-0.191 nM. This work provides a new approach to multi-residue detection of the same class of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Hu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Jiwei Dong
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingcheng Huang
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Lingjun Geng
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Chong Tao
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | | | - Wenping Zhao
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Yemin Guo
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Tong C, Zhou R, Qin Z, Xu J, Liao C, Zhang S, Shi S, Guo Y. Hinge-like paper-based dual-channel enzyme-free ratiometric fluorescent microfluidic platform for simultaneous visual detection of carbaryl and glyphosate. Food Chem 2024; 431:137127. [PMID: 37573744 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
On-site multi-pesticide residues detection is particularly urgent and challenging. Here, we fabricated an enzyme-free ratiometric fluorescent detection system in combination with a hinge-like dual-channel 3D microfluidic paper analytical device (3D μPAD) for simultaneous visual detection of carbaryl and glyphosate. Blue-emission 1-naphthol (Em. 470 nm) was hydrolyzed from carbaryl, while yellow-emission 2,3-diaminophenazine (Em. 570 nm) was produced with the aid of Cu2+ for glyphosate sensing. Inner-filter effect between 1-naphthol or 2,3-diaminophenazine and green-emission carbon dots (Em. 510 nm) realized two ratiometric fluorescent detection systems. Remarkable color variation of green-blue for carbaryl (50.00-1100 μΜ) and yellow-green for glyphosate (5.00-600 μΜ) were observed on a dual-channel 3D μPAD without crosstalk. Their detection limits were 1.11 and 0.63 μΜ, respectively. The strategy realized simultaneous visual detection of carbaryl and glyphosate in food/herbal with excellent accuracy (spiked recoveries, 91.00-107.2%), high precision (RSD ≤ 8.43%), and superior selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoying Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jinju Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhui Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patil SS, Narwade VN, Sontakke KS, Hianik T, Shirsat MD. Layer-by-Layer Immobilization of DNA Aptamers on Ag-Incorporated Co-Succinate Metal-Organic Framework for Hg(II) Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38257438 PMCID: PMC10818963 DOI: 10.3390/s24020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) immobilization of DNA aptamers in the realm of electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) offers an enhancement in specificity, sensitivity, and low detection limits by leveraging the cross-reactivity obtained from multiple interactions between immobilized aptamers and developed material surfaces. In this research, we present a LbL approach for the immobilization of thiol- and amino-modified DNA aptamers on a Ag-incorporated cobalt-succinate metal-organic framework (MOF) (Ag@Co-Succinate) to achieve a cross-reactive effect on the electrochemical behavior of the sensor. The solvothermal method was utilized to synthesize Ag@Co-Succinate, which was also characterized through various techniques to elucidate its structure, morphology, and presence of functional groups, confirming its suitability as a host matrix for immobilizing both aptamers. The Ag@Co-Succinate aptasensor exhibited extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity towards Hg(II) ions in electrochemical detection, attributed to the unique binding properties of the immobilized aptamers. The exceptional limit of detection of 0.3 nM ensures the sensor's suitability for trace-level Hg(II) detection in various environmental and analytical applications. Furthermore, the developed sensor demonstrated outstanding repeatability, highlighting its potential for long-term and reliable monitoring of Hg(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham S. Patil
- RUSA-Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India; (S.S.P.); (V.N.N.)
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Vijaykiran N. Narwade
- RUSA-Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India; (S.S.P.); (V.N.N.)
| | - Kiran S. Sontakke
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Mahendra D. Shirsat
- RUSA-Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India; (S.S.P.); (V.N.N.)
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gaviria-Arroyave MI, Arango JP, Barrientos Urdinola K, Cano JB, Peñuela Mesa GA. Fluorescent nanostructured carbon dot-aptasensor for chlorpyrifos detection: Elucidating the interaction mechanism for an environmentally hazardous pollutant. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341711. [PMID: 37709453 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used insecticide found in many water sources and is related to several health and environmental effects. Biosensors based on aptamers (single-stranded nucleic acid oligonucleotides) are promising alternatives to achieve the detection of CPF and other pesticides in natural waters. However, several challenges need to be addressed to promote the real application of functional aptasensing devices. In this work, an ssDNA aptamer (S1) is combined with carbon quantum dots (CD) and graphene oxide (GO) to produce a stable fluorescent aptasensor characterized through spectrophotometric and electrophoretic techniques. For a deeper understanding of the system, the mechanism of molecular interaction was studied through docking modeling using free bioinformatic tools like HDOCK, showing that the stem-loops and the higher guanine (G) content are crucial for better interaction. The model also suggests the possibility of generating a truncated aptamer to improve the binding affinity. The biosensor was evaluated for CPF detection, showing a low LOD of 0.01 μg L-1 and good specificity in tap water, even compared to other organophosphates pesticides (OPs) like profenofos. Finally, the recovery of the proposed aptasensor was evaluated in some natural water using spiked samples and compared with UPLC MS-MS chromatography as the gold standard, showing a good recovery above 2.85 nM and evidencing the need of protecting ssDNA aptamers from an erratic interaction with the aromatic groups of dissolved organic matter (humic substances). This work paves the way for a better aptasensors design and the on-site implementation of novel devices for environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pablo Arango
- GIBEC Research Group, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad EIA, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Bernardo Cano
- GIMEL Research Group. Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu N, Chen J, Rao Z, Guo B, Xu Y. Recent Advances of Biosensors for Detection of Multiple Antibiotics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:850. [PMID: 37754084 PMCID: PMC10526323 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics has caused a serious threat to human life and health. It is urgent to develop sensors that can detect multiple antibiotics quickly and efficiently. Biosensors are widely used in the field of antibiotic detection because of their high specificity. Advanced artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms have allowed for remarkable achievements in image analysis and face recognition, but have not yet been widely used in the field of biosensors. Herein, this paper reviews the biosensors that have been widely used in the simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotics based on different detection mechanisms and biorecognition elements in recent years, and compares and analyzes their characteristics and specific applications. In particular, this review summarizes some AI/ML algorithms with excellent performance in the field of antibiotic detection, and which provide a platform for the intelligence of sensors and terminal apps portability. Furthermore, this review gives a short review of biosensors for the detection of multiple antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rizzotto F, Khalife M, Hou Y, Chaix C, Lagarde F, Scaramozzino N, Vidic J. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Control. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1412. [PMID: 37512723 PMCID: PMC10384134 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of food contaminants is becoming increasingly important for timely prevention and treatment of foodborne disease. In this review, we discuss recent developments of electrochemical biosensors as facile, rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly analytical devices and their applications in food safety analysis, owing to the analytical characteristics of electrochemical detection and to advances in the design and production of bioreceptors (antibodies, DNA, aptamers, peptides, molecular imprinted polymers, enzymes, bacteriophages, etc.). They can offer a low limit of detection required for food contaminants such as allergens, pesticides, antibiotic traces, toxins, bacteria, etc. We provide an overview of a broad range of electrochemical biosensing designs and consider future opportunities for this technology in food control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rizzotto
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Majd Khalife
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Yanxia Hou
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SYMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Chaix
- University Lyon, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institute of Analytical Sciences, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Lagarde
- University Lyon, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institute of Analytical Sciences, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu R, Ouyang L, Chen H, Zhang G, Zhe J. Recent Advances in Biomolecular Detection Based on Aptamers and Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040474. [PMID: 37185549 PMCID: PMC10136534 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The fast, accurate detection of biomolecules, ranging from nucleic acids and small molecules to proteins and cellular secretions, plays an essential role in various biomedical applications. These include disease diagnostics and prognostics, environmental monitoring, public health, and food safety. Aptamer recognition (DNA or RNA) has gained extensive attention for biomolecular detection due to its high selectivity, affinity, reproducibility, and robustness. Concurrently, biosensing with nanoparticles has been widely used for its high carrier capacity, stability and feasibility of incorporating optical and catalytic activity, and enhanced diffusivity. Biosensors based on aptamers and nanoparticles utilize the combination of their advantages and have become a promising technology for detecting of a wide variety of biomolecules with high sensitivity, reliability, specificity, and detection speed. Via various sensing mechanisms, target biomolecules have been quantified in terms of optical (e.g., colorimetric and fluorometric), magnetic, and electrical signals. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in and compare different aptamer-nanoparticle-based biosensors by nanoparticle types and detection mechanisms. We also share our views on the highlights and challenges of the different nanoparticle-aptamer-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Leixin Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Heyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu C, Wang X, Yu D, Chen L, Han X. Hairpin DNA-enabled ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for detection of malathion. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:167. [PMID: 37012478 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A hairpin DNA-enabled ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor is reported for sensitive and reliable detection of malathion (MAL). The approach employs hairpin DNA (ferrocene-labeled, Fc-hDNA) as a carrier to hybridize MAL aptamers (methylene blue-labeled, MB-Apt) to form double-stranded DNA structures on an electrode. The presence of MAL induces the removal of aptamers, and hDNA re-forms hairpin structures, causing a decrease in the oxidation current of MB (IMB) and an increase in the oxidation current of Fc (IFc). The ratiometric signal of IFc/IMB responds quantitatively to MAL concentrations. To compare analytical performances, a linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is also used to construct the ssDNA-based aptasensor. We demonstrate that hairpin DNA possessing a rigid two-dimensional structure can improve the assembly efficiency of aptamers and the stability of redox probes. The approach combines the advantages of the ratiometric electrochemical method with hairpin DNA-based conformational switching probes, enabling hDNA-based aptasensor with enhanced sensitivity and reliability, offering a linear range of 0.001 to 1.0 ng mL-1. The platform was applied to detect MAL in lettuce, and the statistical analysis indicated that no significant differences were found between the developed platform and HPLC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zhu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Lixing Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang W, Li Z, Yang Q, Hou X. Integration of Metallic Nanomaterials and Recognition Elements for the Specifically Monitoring of Pesticides in Electrochemical Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2189955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|