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Ren X, Xie Z, Li X, Wu D, Wang H, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao J, Wei Q. A sensitive immunosensor via Pd@Au 0.85Pd 0.15 in situ electrocatalysis generating H 2O 2 for quenching electrochemiluminescence of Ir(pbi) 2(acac)@Ti 3C 2T x MXene-PVA. Talanta 2024; 275:126125. [PMID: 38663066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of rapid target analysis methods for cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) is urgently needed. [Ir(pbi)2(acac)] (pbi = 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-hydrogen -benzimidazole, acac = acetylacetonate) as traditional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores has been confined due to its non-negligible dark toxicity and poor water solubility leading to poor biocompatibility and electrical conductivity as an organic molecule. Hence, to overcome this limitation, [Ir(pbi)2(acac)] can be effectively loaded on the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel modified Ti3C2Tx MXene surface (Ir@Ti3C2Tx-PVA) as sensing platform which can emit high ECL signals. Then, a quenching strategy was proposed to fabricate an ECL sandwich immunosensor using H2O2 as quencher molecules which can generated by Pd@Au0.85Pd0.15. Especially, the generation of O2 to H2O2 can be achieved through a two-electron (2e-) reaction pathway by Pd@Au0.85Pd0.15, to overcome the restriction that the H2O2 was virtually impossible to label or immobilize on the non-enzyme nanomaterials. The proposed ECL assay achieves a response to CYFRA 21-1 within the range of 0.1 pg/mL-100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 8.9 fg/mL (S/N = 3). This work provided a feasible tactic to seek superior-performance ECL luminophore and quencher consequently set up a novel means to makeup ultrasensitive ECL biosensor, which extended the utilization potential of Ir(pbi)2(acac) in ECL assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Zuoxun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Xue X, Leng Y, Li Y, Zhang J. A magnetic plasma Fe 3O 4@Cu@Cu 2O photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of fumonisin B1. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4534-4538. [PMID: 38938173 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin, a water-soluble metabolite produced by Fusarium cepacia, which mainly contaminates grain and its products and is acutely toxic and potentially carcinogenic to certain domestic animals. In this work, plasma nanocomposites of Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O with magnetic and optoelectronic properties were synthesized as a sensing platform. On one hand, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic Cu accelerates the electron transfer rate. On the other hand, plasma-induced resonance energy transfer of metals and semiconductors can improve the utilization efficiency of light energy. A split photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O was proposed for the detection of FB1. The sensor has a wide linear range of 1.0-10 000 pg mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.28 pg mL-1 (LOD, S/N = 3), which can realize the specific detection of FB1 in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xue
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yanqiu Leng
- Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Testing Co., Ltd, China.
| | - Yanmei Li
- Weifang Operation Area, Shandong Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- Shandong Jiaxiang Economic Development Zone Management, China
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Ren X, Shao M, Li X, Xie Z, Zhao J, Wang H, Gao M, Wu D, Ju H, Wei Q. Confinement-enhanced electrochemiluminescence by Ru(dcbpy) 32+-functionalized γ-CD-MOF@COF-LZU1 porous hybrid material as micro-reactor for CYFRA 21-1 detection. Talanta 2024; 273:125959. [PMID: 38537493 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance relies on the electron transfer efficiency between luminophore and coreactant. An ultrasensitive ECL micro-reactor with confinement-enhanced performance was prepared by using the covalent organic framework-LZU1-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF@COF-LZU1) as a platform to assemble enormous N,N-dibutyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (DBAE) and tris(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) [Ru(dcbpy)32+] into its pore channels. Compared to individual substances of γ-CD-MOF and COF-LZU1, the synergistic effects can conduce to the enhancement of the intensity, durability and sensitivity of the micro-reactor. Besides, COF-LZU1 can provide a mild environment to accommodate a certain amount of DBAE by concentrating them from the aqueous solution into its hydrophobic cavities and boost the oxidation efficiency of DBAE to generate more DBAE●+ and profited the survival of DBAE●, leading to an improved reaction efficiency with the Ru(dcbpy)32+ intermediate. Thanks to the confinement-enhanced strategy, engineered as high-functioning luminescent materials, Ru@γ-CD-MOF@COF-LZU1 micro-reactors decorated with Au NPs can facilitate electron transfer and capture primary antibodies (Ab1). Moreover, Au-Pd-Pt noble metal aerogels (NMAs) functionalized MoS2 NFs (Au-Pd-Pt NMAs@MoS2 NFs) were chosen as base material due to its large specific surface areas, high porosity, and excellent electrical conductivity. Based on above merits, the sensor demonstrated a sensitive response to CYFRA 21-1 detection in a linear concentration gradient from 10 fg/mL to 50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.0055 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The COF-LZU1 decorated ECL micro-reactors were constructed based on the signal amplification strategies to realize accurate CYFRA 21-1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Mingyue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zuoxun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Ren X, Shao M, Xie Z, Li X, Ma H, Fan D, Zhao J, Wei Q. A Co-Reactive Immunosensor Based on Ti 3C 2T x MXene@TiO 2-MoS 2 Hybrids Promoting luminol@Au@Ni-Co NCs Electrochemiluminescence for CYFRA 21-1 Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1992-1999. [PMID: 38536770 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The construction of assays is capable of accurately detecting cytokeratin-19 (CYFRA 21-1), which is critical for the rapid diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on the co-reaction promotion of luminol@Au@Ni-Co nanocages (NCs) as ECL probe by Ti3C2Tx MXene@TiO2-MoS2 hybrids as co-reaction accelerator was proposed to detect CYFRA 21-1. Ni-Co NCs, as a derivative of Prussian blue analogs, can be loaded with large quantities of Au NPs, luminol, and CYFRA 21-1 secondary antibodies due to their high specific surface area. To further improve the sensitivity of the developed ECL immunosensor, Ti3C2Tx MXene@TiO2-MoS2 hybrids were prepared by in situ growth of TiO2 nanosheets on highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene, and MoS2 was homogeneously grown on Ti3C2Tx MXene@TiO2 surfaces by the hydrothermal method. Ti3C2Tx MXene@TiO2-MoS2 hybrids possess excellent catalytic performance on the electro-redox of H2O2 generating more O2·- and obtaining optimal ECL intensity of the luminol/H2O2 system. Under the appropriate experimental conditions, the quantitative detection range of CYFRA 21-1 was from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.046 pg mL-1. The present sensor has a lower LOD with a wider linear range, which provides a new analytical assay for the early diagnosis of small-cell-type lung cancer labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wu G, Chen J, Dou J, He X, Li HF, Lin JM. An electrochemiluminescence microsensor based on DNA-silver nanoclusters amplification for detecting cellular adenosine triphosphate. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2019-2024. [PMID: 38516852 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as the primary energy source, plays vital roles in many cellular events. Developing an efficient assay is crucial to rapidly evaluate the level of cellular ATP. A portable and integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microsensor array based on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) was presented. In the BPE unit, the ECL chemicals and oxidation/reduction were separated from the sensing chamber. The ATP aptamer was assembled with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the sensing chamber. ATP capture made the aptamer disassemble from the ssDNA and facilitated DNA-templated silver nanocluster (Ag NC) generation by the target-rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction. The guanine-rich padlock sequence produced tandem periodic cytosine-rich sequences by the RCA, inducing Ag NC generation in the cytosine-rich region of the produced DNA strands through Ag+ reduction. The in situ Ag NC generation enhanced the circuit conductivity of the BPE and promoted the ECL reaction of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+/tripropylamine in the anodic reservoir. On this ECL microsensor, a good linear relationship of ATP was achieved ranging from 30 to 1000 nM. The ATP content in HepG2 cells was selectively and sensitively determined without complex pretreatment. The ATP amount of 25 cells could be successfully detected when a sub-microliter sample was loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuanQi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - JinXin Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - XiangWei He
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Karimzadeh Z, Mahmoudpour M, Rahimpour E, Jouyban A. Recent advancements in the specific determination of carcinoembryonic antigens using MOF-based immunosensors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9571-9586. [PMID: 38516167 PMCID: PMC10955552 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs) are prominent cancer biomarkers that enable the early detection of numerous cancers. For effective CEA screening, rapid, portable, efficient, and sensitive diagnosis approaches should be devised. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials that have received major attention for application in high-efficiency signal probes owing to their advantages such as large specific surface area, superior chemical stability and tunability, high porosity, easy surface functional modification, and adjustable size and morphology. Immunoassay strategies using antigen-antibody specific interaction are one of the imperative means for rapid and accurate measurement of target molecules in biochemical fields. The emerging MOFs and their nanocomposites are synthesized with excellent features, providing promising potential for immunoassays. This article outlines the recent breakthroughs in the synthesis approaches of MOFs and overall functionalization mechanisms of MOFs with antigen/antibody and their uses in the CEA immunoassays, which operate according to electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent and colorimetric techniques. The prospects and limitations of the preparation and immunoassay applications of MOF-derived hybrid nanocomposites are also discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mansour Mahmoudpour
- Miandoab Schools of Medical Sciences Miandoab Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Ren X, Zhang D, Li C, Zhao J, Feng R, Zhang Y, Xu R, Wei Q. Europium Metal-Organic Framework with a Tetraphenylethylene-Based Ligand: A Dual-Mechanism Quenching Immunosensor for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence via the Coordination Trigger. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3898-3905. [PMID: 38387028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The effective applications of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) across various fields necessitate ongoing research into novel luminophores and ECL strategies. In this study, self-luminous flower-like nanocomposites (Eu-tcbpe-MOF) were prepared by coordination self-assembly using the aggregation-induced emission material 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethylene (H4TCBPE) and Eu(III) ions as the precursors. Compared with the monomers and aggregates of H4TCBPE, Eu-tcbpe-MOF exhibits stronger ECL emission. Such enhanced electrochemiluminescence is due to coordination as the coordination-triggered electrochemiluminescence (CT-ECL) enhancement effect. In this study, a cubic-structured nanocomposite (Co9S8@Au@MoS2) was used as an efficient quencher, and a more sensitive ECL detection platform was achieved by two quenching mechanisms: resonance energy transfer and competitive consumption of coreactants. N,N-Diethylethanolamine (DBAE) was used as a coreactant, and DBAE has a faster electron transfer rate and stronger energy supply efficiency than the traditional anodoluminescent coreactant tripropylamine, which effectively improves the ECL signal intensity of Eu-tcbpe-MOF. Hence, a sandwich-type ECL immunosensor was prepared by employing a dual-quenching mechanism, utilizing Eu-tcbpe-MOF as the detection probe and Co9S8@Au@MoS2 as the quencher, achieving precise detection of carcinoembryonic antigen from 0.1 pg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1 with a detection limit of 35.1 fg·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering in Yunnan, School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering in Yunnan, School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering in Yunnan, School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Ren X, Xie Z, Wang H, Wang L, Gao Z, Ma H, Zhang N, Fan D, Wei Q, Ju H. Ternary electrochemiluminescence quenching effects of CuFe 2O 4@PDA-MB towards self-enhanced Ru(dcbpy) 32+ functionalized 2D metal-organic layer and application in carcinoembryonic antigen immunosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342091. [PMID: 38182343 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a significant glycosylated protein, and the unusual expression of CEA in human serum is used as a tumor marker in the clinical diagnosis of many cancers. Although scientists have reported many ways to detect CEA in recent years, such as electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and fluorescence, their operation is complex and sensitivity is average. Therefore, finding a convenient method to accurately detect CEA is significance for the prevention of malignant tumors. With high sensitivity, quick reaction, and low background, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as an essential method for the detection of tumor markers in blood. RESULTS In this work, a "signal on-off" ECL immunosensor for sensitive analysis of CEA ground on the ternary extinction effects of CuFe2O4@PDA-MB towards a self-enhanced Ru(dcbpy)32+ functionalized metal-organic layer [(Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd] was prepared. The high ECL efficiency of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd originated from the dual intramolecular self-catalysis, including intramolecular co-reaction between polyethylenimine (PEI) and Ru(dcbpy)32+. At the same time, loading Pd NPs onto (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI could not only improve the electron transfer ability of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI, but also provide more active sites for the reaction of Ru(dcbpy)32+ and PEI. In the presence of CEA, CuFe2O4@PDA-MB-Ab2 efficiently quenches the excited states of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd by PDA, Cu2+, and methylene blue (MB) via energy and electron transfer, leading to an ECL signal decrease. Under optimal conditions, the proposed CEA sensing strategy showed satisfactory properties ranging from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 20 fg mL-1. SIGNIFICANCE The (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd and CuFe2O4@PDA-MB were prepared in this work might open up innovative directions to synthesize luminescence-functionalized MOLs and effective quencher. Besides, the ECL quenching mechanism of Ru(dcbpy)32+ by MB was successfully explained by the inner filter effect (ECL-IFE). At last, the proposed immunosensor exhibits excellent repeatability, stability, and selectivity, and may provide an attractive way for CEA and other disease markers determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Zuoxun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), PR China
| | - Zhongfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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