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Lee J, Miyagishima SY, Bhattacharya D, Yoon HS. From dusk till dawn: cell cycle progression in the red seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda (Rhodophyta). iScience 2024; 27:110190. [PMID: 38984202 PMCID: PMC11231608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved eukaryotic functions of cell cycle genes have primarily been studied using animal/plant models and unicellular algae. Cell cycle progression and its regulatory components in red (Rhodophyta) seaweeds are poorly understood. We analyzed diurnal gene expression data to investigate the cell cycle in the red seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda. We identified cell cycle progression and transitions in G. chorda which are induced by interactions of key regulators such as E2F/DP, RBR, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclins from dusk to dawn. However, several typical CDK inhibitor proteins are absent in red seaweeds. Interestingly, the G1-S transition in G. chorda is controlled by delayed transcription of GINS subunit 3. We propose that the delayed S phase entry in this seaweed may have evolved to minimize DNA damage (e.g., due to UV radiation) during replication. Our results provide important insights into cell cycle-associated physiology and its molecular mechanisms in red seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMo Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Wei J, Gao C, Lu C, Wang L, Dong D, Sun M. The E2F family: a ray of dawn in cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4. [PMID: 38985251 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a group of heterogeneous diseases, characterized by abnormal structure and function of the myocardium. For many years, it has been a hot topic because of its high morbidity and mortality as well as its complicated pathogenesis. The E2Fs, a group of transcription factors found extensively in eukaryotes, play a crucial role in governing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, meanwhile their deregulated activity can also cause a variety of diseases. Based on accumulating evidence, E2Fs play important roles in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we describe the structural and functional characteristics of the E2F family and its role in cardiomyocyte processes, with a focus on how E2Fs are associated with the onset and development of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, we discuss the great potential of E2Fs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, aiming to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wei
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Gao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxu Lu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110033, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Ye W, Liang X, Chen G, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zhang N, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Chen X. NDC80/HEC1 promotes macrophage polarization and predicts glioma prognosis via single-cell RNA-seq and in vitro experiment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14850. [PMID: 39021287 PMCID: PMC11255415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most frequent and lethal form of primary brain tumor. The molecular mechanism of oncogenesis and progression of glioma still remains unclear, rendering the therapeutic effect of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection insufficient. In this study, we sought to explore the function of HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) in glioma; a component of the NDC80 complex in glioma is crucial in the regulation of kinetochore. METHODS Bulk RNA and scRNA-seq analyses were used to infer HEC1 function, and in vitro experiments validated its function. RESULTS HEC1 overexpression was observed in glioma and was indicative of poor prognosis and malignant clinical features, which was confirmed in human glioma tissues. High HEC1 expression was correlated with more active cell cycle, DNA-associated activities, and the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including interaction with immune cells, and correlated strongly with infiltrating immune cells and enhanced expression of immune checkpoints. In vitro experiments and RNA-seq further confirmed the role of HEC1 in promoting cell proliferation, and the expression of DNA replication and repair pathways in glioma. Coculture assay confirmed that HEC1 promotes microglial migration and the transformation of M1 phenotype macrophage to M2 phenotype. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings demonstrate that HEC1 may be a potential prognostic marker and an immunotherapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xisong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yuanfei Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Cui H, Li H, Liu J, Zhao P, Liu Y, Zhong R, Li R, Cheng Y. The predictive value of E2F7 in immunotherapy efficacy for lung adenocarcinoma: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38574. [PMID: 38905387 PMCID: PMC11191985 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. In recent years, immunotherapy has greatly changed the treatment pattern of advanced LUAD. However, only a small proportion of LUAD patients benefitted from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. There is an urgent need to develop a biomarker to predict immune therapy response. E2F7 has been shown to be closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in tumors. However, it is unclear whether the E2F7 expression is related to the immunotherapy efficacy in LUAD. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the clinical characteristics, function, and immunotherapy responsiveness of E2F7 expression, and to explore the potential of E2F7 as an immunotherapy response biomarker in LUAD. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and biological function of E2F7 expression based on data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. In addition, we used single-cell sequencing data to analyze the immune regulatory effects of E2F7 in LUAD. Furthermore, we analyzed the immunotherapy response prediction ability of E2F7 expression based on the immunotherapy database. Compared to normal lung tissue, E2F7 was specifically overexpressed in LUAD, and its expression was associated with higher malignancy and poor efficacy. E2F7 high expression was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of LUAD. E2F7 was enriched in cell division and cell cycle functions. In addition, the expressions of immune checkpoints were correlated with the E2F7 expression. E2F7 was highly expressed in myeloid cells, and E2F7 highly expressed myeloid cells were associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, the expression level of E2F7 can effectively distinguish different immune therapy responses in LUAD patients. E2F7 was upregulated in LUAD, and high expression of E2F7 was associated with higher malignancy and poor efficacy. E2F7 high expression was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of LUAD. Moreover, E2F7 may exert its immunosuppressive effect by affecting the function of myeloid cells. These results indicated the potential role of E2F7 as a biomarker for predicting LUAD immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Cui
- Biobank, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Biobank, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, Jilin Province and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Biobank, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, Jilin Province and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, Jilin Province and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, Jilin Province and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Rixin Li
- Biobank, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, Jilin Province and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics for Lung Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
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Choksi SP, Byrnes LE, Konjikusic MJ, Tsai BWH, Deleon R, Lu Q, Westlake CJ, Reiter JF. An alternative cell cycle coordinates multiciliated cell differentiation. Nature 2024; 630:214-221. [PMID: 38811726 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The canonical mitotic cell cycle coordinates DNA replication, centriole duplication and cytokinesis to generate two cells from one1. Some cells, such as mammalian trophoblast giant cells, use cell cycle variants like the endocycle to bypass mitosis2. Differentiating multiciliated cells, found in the mammalian airway, brain ventricles and reproductive tract, are post-mitotic but generate hundreds of centrioles, each of which matures into a basal body and nucleates a motile cilium3,4. Several cell cycle regulators have previously been implicated in specific steps of multiciliated cell differentiation5,6. Here we show that differentiating multiciliated cells integrate cell cycle regulators into a new alternative cell cycle, which we refer to as the multiciliation cycle. The multiciliation cycle redeploys many canonical cell cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cognate cyclins. For example, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6, which are regulators of mitotic G1-to-S progression, are required to initiate multiciliated cell differentiation. The multiciliation cycle amplifies some aspects of the canonical cell cycle, such as centriole synthesis, and blocks others, such as DNA replication. E2F7, a transcriptional regulator of canonical S-to-G2 progression, is expressed at high levels during the multiciliation cycle. In the multiciliation cycle, E2F7 directly dampens the expression of genes encoding DNA replication machinery and terminates the S phase-like gene expression program. Loss of E2F7 causes aberrant acquisition of DNA synthesis in multiciliated cells and dysregulation of multiciliation cycle progression, which disrupts centriole maturation and ciliogenesis. We conclude that multiciliated cells use an alternative cell cycle that orchestrates differentiation instead of controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semil P Choksi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mia J Konjikusic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benedict W H Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Deleon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Cao Y, Wang K, Lu F, Li Q, Yang Q, Liu B, Muhammad H, Wang Y, Fu F, Li W, Yu H. Comprehensive identification of maize ZmE2F transcription factors and the positive role of ZmE2F6 in response to drought stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:465. [PMID: 38741087 PMCID: PMC11092242 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early 2 factor (E2F) family is characterized as a kind of transcription factor that plays an important role in cell division, DNA damage repair, and cell size regulation. However, its stress response has not been well revealed. RESULTS In this study, ZmE2F members were comprehensively identified in the maize genome, and 21 ZmE2F genes were identified, including eight E2F subclade members, seven DEL subfamily genes, and six DP genes. All ZmE2F proteins possessed the DNA-binding domain (DBD) characterized by conserved motif 1 with the RRIYD sequence. The ZmE2F genes were unevenly distributed on eight maize chromosomes, showed diversity in gene structure, expanded by gene duplication, and contained abundant stress-responsive elements in their promoter regions. Subsequently, the ZmE2F6 gene was cloned and functionally verified in drought response. The results showed that the ZmE2F6 protein interacted with ZmPP2C26, localized in the nucleus, and responded to drought treatment. The overexpression of ZmE2F6 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis with longer root length, higher survival rate, and biomass by upregulating stress-related gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into a greater understanding and functional study of the E2F family in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengzhong Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qi Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bingliang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hayderbinkhalid Muhammad
- National Research Centre of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yingge Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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7
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Du W, Xia X, Gou Q, Xie Y, Gao L. Comprehensive review regarding the association of E2Fs with the prognosis and immune infiltrates in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:2106-2121. [PMID: 38320907 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) are a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors. They have been identified as being involved in the tumor progression of various cancer types. However, little is known about the expression level, genetic variation, molecular mechanism, and prognostic value and immune infiltration of different E2Fs in HNSCC.In this study, we utilized multiple databases to investigate the mRNA expression level, genetic alteration, and biological function of E2Fs in HNSCC patients. Then, the relationship between E2Fs expression and its association with the occurrence, progress, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in patients with HNSCC was evaluated. We found that all eight E2Fs were higher expressed in HNSCC tissues than in normal tissues, and the expression levels of E2F1/2/3/4/5/6/8 were also associated with the stage and grade of HNSCC. The abnormal expression of E2F1/2/4/8 in HNSCC patients is related to the clinical outcome. The expression of E2Fs was statistically correlated with the immune cell infiltration in HNSCC and the infiltration of B cells and CD8+ T cells were positively associated with better OS in HNSCC patients. Furthermore, we verified the E2F2 at the tissue level in the validation experiment. Our study may provide novel insights into the choice of immunotherapy targets and potential prognostic biomarkers in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Targetting Therapy & Immunology, Cancer Cencer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Xia
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodaligy Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiheng Gou
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodaligy Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodaligy Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanyang Gao
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China.
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Bertonnier‐Brouty L, Andersson J, Kaprio T, Hagström J, Bsharat S, Asplund O, Hatem G, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Prasad RB, Artner I. E2F transcription factors promote tumorigenicity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7187. [PMID: 38686617 PMCID: PMC11058697 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with limited treatment options, illustrating an urgent need to identify new drugable targets in PDACs. OBJECTIVE Using the similarities between tumor development and normal embryonic development, which is accompanied by rapid cell expansion, we aimed to identify and characterize embryonic signaling pathways that were reinitiated during tumor formation and expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report that the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F8 are potential key regulators in PDAC. E2F1 and E2F8 RNA expression is mainly localized in proliferating cells in the developing pancreas and in malignant ductal cells in PDAC. Silencing of E2F1 and E2F8 in PANC-1 pancreatic tumor cells inhibited cell proliferation and impaired cell spreading and migration. Moreover, loss of E2F1 also affected cell viability and apoptosis with E2F expression in PDAC tissues correlating with expression of apoptosis and mitosis pathway genes, suggesting that E2F factors promote cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis in PDAC cells. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate that E2F1 and E2F8 transcription factors are expressed in pancreatic progenitor and PDAC cells, where they contribute to tumor cell expansion by regulation of cell proliferation, viability, and cell migration making these genes attractive therapeutic targets and potential prognostic markers for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bertonnier‐Brouty
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Tuomas Kaprio
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Oral Pathology and RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Gad Hatem
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Isabella Artner
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
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Herbst J, Li QQ, De Veylder L. Mechanistic insights into DNA damage recognition and checkpoint control in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:539-550. [PMID: 38503962 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The plant DNA damage response (DDR) pathway safeguards genomic integrity by rapid recognition and repair of DNA lesions that, if unrepaired, may cause genome instability. Most frequently, DNA repair goes hand in hand with a transient cell cycle arrest, which allows cells to repair the DNA lesions before engaging in a mitotic event, but consequently also affects plant growth and yield. Through the identification of DDR proteins and cell cycle regulators that react to DNA double-strand breaks or replication defects, it has become clear that these proteins and regulators form highly interconnected networks. These networks operate at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and include liquid-liquid phase separation and epigenetic mechanisms. Strikingly, whereas the upstream DDR sensors and signalling components are well conserved across eukaryotes, some of the more downstream effectors are diverged in plants, probably to suit unique lifestyle features. Additionally, DDR components display functional diversity across ancient plant species, dicots and monocots. The observed resistance of DDR mutants towards aluminium toxicity, phosphate limitation and seed ageing indicates that gaining knowledge about the plant DDR may offer solutions to combat the effects of climate change and the associated risk for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Herbst
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.
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10
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Li F, Yan J, Leng J, Yu T, Zhou H, Liu C, Huang W, Sun Q, Zhao W. Expression patterns of E2Fs identify tumor microenvironment features in human gastric cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16911. [PMID: 38371373 PMCID: PMC10870925 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective E2F transcription factors are associated with tumor development, but their underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. This study explored whether E2Fs determine the prognosis or immune and therapy responses of GC patients. Methods E2F regulation patterns from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were systematically investigated and E2F patterns were correlated with the characteristics of cellular infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A principal component analysis was used to construct an E2F scoring model based on prognosis-related differential genes to quantify the E2F regulation of a single tumor. This scoring model was then tested in patient cohorts to predict effects of immunotherapy. Results Based on the expression profiles of E2F transcription factors in GC, two different regulatory patterns of E2F were identified. TME and survival differences emerged between the two clusters. Lower survival rates in the Cluster2 group were attributed to limited immune function due to stromal activation. The E2F scoring model was then constructed based on the E2F-related prognostic genes. Evidence supported the E2F score as an independent and effective prognostic factor and predictor of immunotherapy response. A gene-set analysis correlated E2F score with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration within the TME. The immunotherapy cohort database showed that patients with a higher E2F score demonstrated better survival and immune responses. Conclusions This study found that differences in GC prognosis might be related to the E2F patterns in the TME. The E2F scoring system developed in this study has practical value as a predictor of survival and treatment response in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huayou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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11
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Creff J, Lamaa A, Benuzzi E, Balzan E, Pujol F, Draia-Nicolau T, Nougué M, Verdu L, Morfoisse F, Lacazette E, Valet P, Chaput B, Gross F, Gayon R, Bouillé P, Malloizel-Delaunay J, Bura-Rivière A, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. Apelin-VEGF-C mRNA delivery as therapeutic for the treatment of secondary lymphedema. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:386-415. [PMID: 38177539 PMCID: PMC10898257 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema (LD) corresponds to a severe lymphatic dysfunction leading to the accumulation of fluid and fibrotic adipose tissue in a limb. Here, we identified apelin (APLN) as a powerful molecule for regenerating lymphatic function in LD. We identified the loss of APLN expression in the lymphedematous arm compared to the normal arm in patients. The role of APLN in LD was confirmed in APLN knockout mice, in which LD is increased and associated with fibrosis and dermal backflow. This was reversed by intradermal injection of APLN-lentivectors. Mechanistically, APLN stimulates lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression and induces the binding of E2F8 transcription factor to the promoter of CCBE1 that controls VEGF-C processing. In addition, APLN induces Akt and eNOS pathways to stimulate lymphatic collector pumping. Our results show that APLN represents a novel partner for VEGF-C to restore lymphatic function in both initial and collecting vessels. As LD appears after cancer treatment, we validated the APLN-VEGF-C combination using a novel class of nonintegrative RNA delivery LentiFlash® vector that will be evaluated for phase I/IIa clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Asalaa Lamaa
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Benuzzi
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Balzan
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Francoise Pujol
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manon Nougué
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lena Verdu
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Florent Morfoisse
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Lacazette
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Chaput
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabian Gross
- Biotherapy Module of Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 1436), University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Bura-Rivière
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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12
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Zhou Y, Nakajima R, Shirasawa M, Fikriyanti M, Zhao L, Iwanaga R, Bradford AP, Kurayoshi K, Araki K, Ohtani K. Expanding Roles of the E2F-RB-p53 Pathway in Tumor Suppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1511. [PMID: 38132337 PMCID: PMC10740672 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F links the RB pathway to the p53 pathway upon loss of function of pRB, thereby playing a pivotal role in the suppression of tumorigenesis. E2F fulfills a major role in cell proliferation by controlling a variety of growth-associated genes. The activity of E2F is controlled by the tumor suppressor pRB, which binds to E2F and actively suppresses target gene expression, thereby restraining cell proliferation. Signaling pathways originating from growth stimulative and growth suppressive signals converge on pRB (the RB pathway) to regulate E2F activity. In most cancers, the function of pRB is compromised by oncogenic mutations, and E2F activity is enhanced, thereby facilitating cell proliferation to promote tumorigenesis. Upon such events, E2F activates the Arf tumor suppressor gene, leading to activation of the tumor suppressor p53 to protect cells from tumorigenesis. ARF inactivates MDM2, which facilitates degradation of p53 through proteasome by ubiquitination (the p53 pathway). P53 suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis. Hence, in almost all cancers, the p53 pathway is also disabled. Here we will introduce the canonical functions of the RB-E2F-p53 pathway first and then the non-classical functions of each component, which may be relevant to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rinka Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mashiro Shirasawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mariana Fikriyanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Keigo Araki
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
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13
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Singh D, Banerjee G, Verma N, Sinha AK. MAP kinases may mediate regulation of the cell cycle in rice by E2F2 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2993-3009. [PMID: 37843487 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
E2F is the key transcription factor that determines the proliferative status of cells by regulating the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. In this study, we show that in rice (Oryza sativa), OsE2F2 is a phosphorylation target of MAP kinases. The MAP kinases OsMPK3, OsMPK4, and OsMPK6 interact with and phosphorylate OsE2F2. Next, we determined the serine and threonine residues that could play a role in the phosphorylation of OsE2F2. Subsequently, our study suggests a possible link between MAP kinase-mediated OsE2F2 phosphorylation and its impact on DNA proliferation in the roots of rice seedlings. Finally, we found positive feedback regulation of OsMPK4 by OsE2F2. Therefore, our study hints at the potential impact of MAP kinase signaling on the cell cycle of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanraj Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Banerjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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14
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Fanoodi A, Maharati A, Akhlaghipour I, Rahimi HR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154913. [PMID: 37931431 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies in human digestive system. Despite the recent therapeutic methods, there is a high rate of mortality among liver cancer patients. Late diagnosis in the advanced tumor stages can be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms of liver cancer can be helpful for the early stage tumor detection and treatment. Vascular expansion in liver tumors can be one of the important reasons for poor prognosis and aggressiveness. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs are widely used in liver cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in the regulation of angiogenesis in liver tumors. Due to the high stability of miRNAs in body fluids, these factors are widely used as the non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer patients. Regarding, the importance of angiogenesis during liver tumor growth and invasion, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of angiogenesis in these tumors. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly exert an anti-angiogenic function by regulation of tumor microenvironment, transcription factors, and signaling pathways in liver tumors. This review can be an effective step to suggest the miRNAs for the non-invasive early detection of malignant and invasive liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Gombos M, Raynaud C, Nomoto Y, Molnár E, Brik-Chaouche R, Takatsuka H, Zaki A, Bernula D, Latrasse D, Mineta K, Nagy F, He X, Iwakawa H, Őszi E, An J, Suzuki T, Papdi C, Bergis C, Benhamed M, Bögre L, Ito M, Magyar Z. The canonical E2Fs together with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED are required to establish quiescence during plant development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:903. [PMID: 37666980 PMCID: PMC10477330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stable and transient quiescence in differentiated and stem cells, respectively, requires repression of the cell cycle. The plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) has been implicated in stem cell maintenance, presumably by forming repressor complexes with E2F transcription factors. Surprisingly we find that mutations in all three canonical E2Fs do not hinder the cell cycle, but similarly to RBR silencing, result in hyperplasia. Contrary to the growth arrest that occurs when exit from proliferation to differentiation is inhibited upon RBR silencing, the e2fabc mutant develops enlarged organs with supernumerary stem and differentiated cells as quiescence is compromised. While E2F, RBR and the M-phase regulatory MYB3Rs are part of the DREAM repressor complexes, and recruited to overlapping groups of targets, they regulate distinct sets of genes. Only the loss of E2Fs but not the MYB3Rs interferes with quiescence, which might be due to the ability of E2Fs to control both G1-S and some key G2-M targets. We conclude that collectively the three canonical E2Fs in complex with RBR have central roles in establishing cellular quiescence during organ development, leading to enhanced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rim Brik-Chaouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ahmad Zaki
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Dóra Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Latrasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Keito Mineta
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xiaoning He
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Erika Őszi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jing An
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Csaba Papdi
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Clara Bergis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Nisa M, Eekhout T, Bergis C, Pedroza-Garcia JA, He X, Mazubert C, Vercauteren I, Cools T, Brik-Chaouche R, Drouin-Wahbi J, Chmaiss L, Latrasse D, Bergounioux C, Vandepoele K, Benhamed M, De Veylder L, Raynaud C. Distinctive and complementary roles of E2F transcription factors during plant replication stress responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1269-1282. [PMID: 37415334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Survival of living organisms is fully dependent on their maintenance of genome integrity, being permanently threatened by replication stress in proliferating cells. Although the plant DNA damage response (DDR) regulator SOG1 has been demonstrated to cope with replication defects, accumulating evidence points to other pathways functioning independent of SOG1. Here, we report the roles of the Arabidopsis E2FA and EF2B transcription factors, two well-characterized regulators of DNA replication, in plant response to replication stress. Through a combination of reverse genetics and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we show that E2FA and E2FB share many target genes with SOG1, providing evidence for their involvement in the DDR. Analysis of double- and triple-mutant combinations revealed that E2FB, rather than E2FA, plays the most prominent role in sustaining plant growth in the presence of replication defects, either operating antagonistically or synergistically with SOG1. Conversely, SOG1 aids in overcoming the replication defects of E2FA/E2FB-deficient plants. Collectively, our data reveal a complex transcriptional network controlling the replication stress response in which E2Fs and SOG1 act as key regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maherun Nisa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Bergis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jose-Antonio Pedroza-Garcia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoning He
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Mazubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toon Cools
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rim Brik-Chaouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jeannine Drouin-Wahbi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Layla Chmaiss
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Latrasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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17
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Lin KH, Lee SC, Dacheux MA, Norman DD, Balogh A, Bavaria M, Lee H, Tigyi G. E2F7 drives autotaxin/Enpp2 transcription via chromosome looping: Repression by p53 in murine but not in human carcinomas. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23058. [PMID: 37358838 PMCID: PMC10364077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300838r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the autotaxin (ATX, Enpp2)-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in cancerous cells contributes to tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. We previously found that ATX activity was elevated in p53-KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Here, we report that ATX expression was upregulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from p53-KO and p53R172H mutant mice. ATX promoter analysis combined with yeast one-hybrid testing revealed that WT p53 directly inhibits ATX expression via E2F7. Knockdown of E2F7 reduced ATX expression and chromosome immunoprecipitation showed that E2F7 promotes Enpp2 transcription through cooperative binding to two E2F7 sites (promoter region -1393 bp and second intron 996 bp). Using chromosome conformation capture, we found that chromosome looping brings together the two E2F7 binding sites. We discovered a p53 binding site in the first intron of murine Enpp2, but not in human ENPP2. Binding of p53 disrupted the E2F7-mediated chromosomal looping and repressed Enpp2 transcription in murine cells. In contrast, we found no disruption of E2F7-mediated ENPP2 transcription via direct p53 binding in human carcinoma cells. In summary, E2F7 is a common transcription factor that upregulates ATX in human and mouse cells but is subject to steric interference by direct intronic p53 binding only in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mélanie A Dacheux
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mitul Bavaria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Dou D, Bi M, Li X, Zhang N, Xu M, Guo A, Li F, Zhu W. ADP Ribosylation Factor 6 Relieves Airway Inflammation and Remodeling by Inhibiting Ovalbumin Induced-Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Experimental Asthma, Possibly by Regulating of E2F Transcription Factor 8. Immunol Invest 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37326141 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2222778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a major global health concern. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a low-molecular-weight GTPase; however, its role in childhood asthma remains unclear. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged neonatal mice and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced BEAS-2B cells were used as in vivo and in vitro models of childhood asthma, respectively. RESULTS Upon OVA stimulation, ARF6 expression was upregulated in the lung tissue. Neonatal mice administered SehinH3 (an ARF6 inhibitor) exhibited improved pulmonary pathological injury, along with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs and cytokine release in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and serum (interleukin [IL]-3, IL-5, IL-13, IgE, and OVA-specific IgE). SehinH3 treatment restrained epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the lungs of asthmatic mice, as evidenced by increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin expression. Different TGF-β1 exposures to BEAS-2B cells induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in ARF6 expression in vitro. Upon TGF-β1 stimulation, ARF6 knockdown repressed EMT and SehinH3 treatment caused similar results in BEAS-2B cells. The transcription factor E2F8 is involved in diverse biological functions and its increased expression was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that E2F8 binds to the ARF6 promoter and promotes its transcriptional activity. In vitro results revealed that E2F8 silencing suppressed EMT, whereas rescue experiments showed that ARF6 overexpression partly reversed these phenomena. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ARF6 is associated with childhood asthma progression and may be positively regulated by E2F8. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meirong Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aili Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Lee DY, Chun JN, Cho M, So I, Jeon JH. Emerging role of E2F8 in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166745. [PMID: 37164180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
E2F8 is a multifaceted transcription factor that plays a crucial role in mediating the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Aberrant E2F8 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in most human cancers. However, E2F8 also exhibits tumor-suppressing activity; thus, the role of E2F8 in cell-fate determination is unclear. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in understanding the role of E2F8 in human cancers, which will contribute to building a conceptual framework and broadening our knowledge pertaining to E2F8. This review provides insight into future challenges and perspectives regarding the translation of biological knowledge into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nyeo Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Cho
- Independent researcher, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
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21
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Zheng ZQ, Huang ZH, Liang YL, Zheng WH, Xu C, Li ZX, Liu N, Yang PY, Li YQ, Ma J, Sun Y, Tang LL, Wei D. VIRMA Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by Upregulation of E2F7 in an m6A-Dependent Manner. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104677. [PMID: 37028765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification possesses new and essential roles in tumor initiation and progression by regulating mRNA biology. However, the role of aberrant m6A regulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Here, through comprehensive analyses of NPC cohorts from the GEO database and our internal cohort, we identified that VIRMA, an m6A writer, is significantly upregulated in NPC and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of NPC, both in vitro and in vivo. High VIRMA expression served as a prognostic biomarker and was associated with poor outcomes in patients with NPC. Mechanistically, VIRMA mediated the m6A methylation of E2F7 3'-UTR, then IGF2BP2 bound and maintained the stability of E2F7 mRNA. An integrative high-throughput sequencing approach revealed that E2F7 drives a unique transcriptome distinct from the classical E2F family in NPC, which functioned as an oncogenic transcriptional activator. E2F7 cooperated with CBFB-recruited RUNX1 in a non-canonical manner to transactivate ITGA2, ITGA5, and NTRK1, strengthening Akt signaling-induced tumor-promoting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Ling-Long Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Denghui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
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22
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Zhu X, Guo L, Zhu R, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li D, He S, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh113 associates with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB to inhibit catalase-mediated immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36972124 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and the main threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Avh113 effector is required for the virulence of Phytophthora sojae and is important for development of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) in soybean (Glycine max). Ectopic expression of PsAvh113 enhanced viral and Phytophthora infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PsAvh113 directly associated with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB, inducing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The internal repeat 2 (IR2) motif of PsAvh113 was important for its virulence and interaction with GmDPB, while silencing and overexpression of GmDPB in soybean hairy roots altered the resistance to P. sojae. Upon binding to GmDPB, PsAvh113 decreased the transcription of the downstream gene GmCAT1, which acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, we revealed that PsAvh113 suppressed the GmCAT1-induced cell death by associating with GmDPB, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to Phytophthora. Together, our findings reveal a vital role of PsAvh113 in inducing PRSR in soybean and offer a novel insight into the interplay between defence and counter-defence during the P. sojae infection of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Role of E2F transcription factor in Oral cancer: Recent Insight and Advancements. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:28-41. [PMID: 36924812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The family of mammalian E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) comprise of 8 members (E2F1-E2F8) classified as activators (E2F1-E2F3) and repressors (E2F4-E2F8) primarily regulating the expression of several genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, mainly in a cell cycle-dependent manner. E2F activity is frequently controlled via the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclins, p53 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, genetic or epigenetic changes result in the deregulation of E2F family genes expression altering S phase entry and apoptosis, an important hallmark for the onset and development of cancer. Although studies reveal E2Fs to be involved in several human malignancies, the mechanisms underlying the role of E2Fs in oral cancer lies nascent and needs further investigations. This review focuses on the role of E2Fs in oral cancer and the etiological factors regulating E2Fs activity, which in turn transcriptionally control the expression of their target genes, thus contributing to cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug/therapy resistance. Further, we will discuss therapeutic strategies for E2Fs, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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24
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Wang L, Chen Y, Chen R, Mao F, Sun Z, Liu X. Risk modeling of single-cell transcriptomes reveals the heterogeneity of immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102948. [PMID: 36708920 PMCID: PMC10011506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary hepatic malignancies. E2F transcription factors play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC, mainly through the RB/E2F pathway. Prognostic models for HCC based on gene signatures have been developed rapidly in recent years; however, their discriminating ability at the single-cell level remains elusive, which could reflect the underlying mechanisms driving the sample bifurcation. In this study, we constructed and validated a predictive model based on E2F expression, successfully stratifying patients with HCC into two groups with different survival risks. Then we used a single-cell dataset to test the discriminating ability of the predictive model on infiltrating T cells, demonstrating remarkable cellular heterogeneity as well as altered cell fates. We identified distinct cell subpopulations with diverse molecular characteristics. We also found that the distribution of cell subpopulations varied considerably across onset stages among patients, providing a fundamental basis for patient-oriented precision evaluation. Moreover, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis revealed that subsets of CD8+ T cells with significantly different cell adhesion levels could be associated with different patterns of tumor cell dissemination. Therefore, our findings linked the conventional prognostic gene signature to the immune microenvironment and cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell level, thus providing deeper insights into the understanding of HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rao Chen
- Department of Sport Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Soukup EM, Bettinger JC, Mathies LD. Transcription factors regulating the fate and developmental potential of a multipotent progenitor in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac232. [PMID: 36063055 PMCID: PMC9635636 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent stem and progenitor cells have the capacity to generate a limited array of related cell types. The Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonadal precursors are multipotent progenitors that generate all 143 cells of the somatic gonad, including complex tissues and specialized signaling cells. To screen for candidate regulators of cell fate and multipotency, we identified transcription factor genes with higher expression in somatic gonadal precursors than in their differentiated sister, the head mesodermal cell. We used RNA interference or genetic mutants to reduce the function of 183 of these genes and examined the worms for defects in the somatic gonadal precursor cell fate or the ability to generate gonadal tissue types. We identify 8 genes that regulate somatic gonadal precursor fate, including the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex gene swsn-3 and the Ci/GLI homolog tra-1, which is the terminal regulator of sex determination. Four genes are necessary for somatic gonadal precursors to generate the correct number and type of descendant cells. We show that the E2F homolog, efl-3, regulates the cell fate decision between distal tip cells and the sheath/spermathecal precursor. We find that the FACT complex gene hmg-4 is required for the generation of the correct number of somatic gonadal precursor descendants, and we define an earlier role for the nhr-25 nuclear hormone receptor-encoding gene, in addition to its previously described role in regulating the asymmetric division of somatic gonadal precursors. Overall, our data show that genes regulating cell fate are largely different from genes regulating developmental potential, demonstrating that these processes are genetically separable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Soukup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Laura D Mathies
- Corresponding author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
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26
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Park SA, Lim YJ, Ku WL, Zhang D, Cui K, Tang LY, Chia C, Zanvit P, Chen Z, Jin W, Wang D, Xu J, Liu O, Wang F, Cain A, Guo N, Nakatsukasa H, Wu C, Zhang YE, Zhao K, Chen W. Opposing functions of circadian protein DBP and atypical E2F family E2F8 in anti-tumor Th9 cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6069. [PMID: 36241625 PMCID: PMC9568563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing CD4+ T helper cells (Th9) have been implicated in allergy/asthma and anti-tumor immunity, yet molecular insights on their differentiation from activated T cells, driven by IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), is still lacking. Here we show opposing functions of two transcription factors, D-binding protein (DBP) and E2F8, in controlling Th9 differentiation. Specifically, TGF-β and IL-4 signaling induces phosphorylation of the serine 213 site in the linker region of the Smad3 (pSmad3L-Ser213) via phosphorylated p38, which is necessary and sufficient for Il9 gene transcription. We identify DBP and E2F8 as an activator and repressor, respectively, for Il9 transcription by pSmad3L-Ser213. Notably, Th9 cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown for Dbp or E2f8 promote and suppress tumor growth, respectively, in mouse tumor models. Importantly, DBP and E2F8 also exhibit opposing functions in regulating human TH9 differentiation in vitro. Thus, our data uncover a molecular mechanism of Smad3 linker region-mediated, opposing functions of DBP and E2F8 in Th9 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-A Park
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Yun-Ji Lim
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Wai Lim Ku
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Systemic Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Systemic Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Liu-Ya Tang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Cheryl Chia
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Junji Xu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Ousheng Liu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Fu Wang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Alexander Cain
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Nancy Guo
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Ying E. Zhang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Systemic Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
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27
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Vakili O, Asili P, Babaei Z, Mirahmad M, Keshavarzmotamed A, Asemi Z, Mafi A. Circular RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Perspective of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-125997. [PMID: 36043720 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220829164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as covalently closed single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules, have been recently identified to involve in several biological processes, principally through targeting microRNAs. Among various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), accumulating evidence has proposed key roles for circRNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); although the exact relationship between these RNA molecules and AD progression is not clear, they have been believed to mostly act as miRNA sponges or gene transcription modulators through correlating with multiple proteins, involved in the accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau protein, as AD's pathological hallmark. More interestingly, circRNAs have also been reported to play diagnostic and therapeutic roles during AD progression. OBJECTIVE Literature review indicated that circRNAs could essentially contribute to the onset and development of AD. Thus, in the current review, the circRNAs' biogenesis and functions are addressed at first, and then the interplay between particular circRNAs and AD is comprehensively discussed. Eventually, the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these noncoding RNAs is highlighted in brief. RESULTS A large number of circRNAs are expressed in the brain. Thereby, these RNA molecules are noticed as potential regulators of neural functions in healthy circumstances, as well as neurological disorders. Moreover, circRNAs have also been reported to have potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacities in relation to AD, the most prevalent ND. CONCLUSION CircRNAs have been shown to act as sponges for miRNAs, thereby regulating the function of related miRNAs, including oxidative stress, reduction of neuroinflammation, and the formation and metabolism of Aβ, all of which developed in AD. CircRNAs have also been proposed as biomarkers that have potential diagnostic capacities in AD. Despite these characteristics, the use of circRNAs as therapeutic targets and promising diagnostic biomarkers will require further investigation and characterization of the function of these RNA molecules in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang Y, Lyu L, Wang W, Zhang L. High expression of E2F transcription factors 7: An independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29253. [PMID: 35984189 PMCID: PMC9388032 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The E2F7 transcription factor has been confirmed to be related to the occurrence and development of a variety of solid tumors, but the relationship with the prognosis of lung cancer is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the prognostic value of E2F7 for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. In this study, we analyzed samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to study the correlation between the expression of E2F7 and clinical features, the difference in expression between tumors and normal tissues, the prognostic and diagnostic value, and Enrichment analysis of related genes. All statistical analysis uses R statistical software (version 3.6.3). The result shows that the expression level of E2F7 in LUAD was significantly higher than that of normal lung tissue (P = 1e-34). High expression of E2F7 was significantly correlated with gender (P = .034), pathologic stage (P = .046) and M stage (P = .025). Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that E2F7 is an independent risk factor for OS in LUAD patients (P = .027). Genes related to cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage telomere stress-induced senescence, DNA methylation, chromosome maintenance and mitotic prophase showed differential enrichment in the E2F7 high expression group. In short, high expression of E2F7 is an independent risk factor for OS in LUAD patients and has a high diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of thoracic surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Lan Lyu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Expert's Outpatient, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Medical University, China
- *Correspondence: Liwei Zhang, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 830054, China (e-mail: )
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29
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Kim JY, Choi H, Kim HJ, Jee Y, Noh M, Lee MO. Polyploidization of Hepatocytes: Insights into the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:391-398. [PMID: 35790893 PMCID: PMC9424332 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization is a process by which cells are induced to possess more than two sets of chromosomes. Although polyploidization is not frequent in mammals, it is closely associated with development and differentiation of specific tissues and organs. The liver is one of the mammalian organs that displays ploidy dynamics in physiological homeostasis during its development. The ratio of polyploid hepatocytes increases significantly in response to hepatic injury from aging, viral infection, iron overload, surgical resection, or metabolic overload, such as that from non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). One of the unique features of NAFLD is the marked heterogeneity of hepatocyte nuclear size, which is strongly associated with an adverse liver-related outcome, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and liver-related death. Thus, hepatic polyploidization has been suggested as a potential driver in the progression of NAFLDs that are involved in the control of the multiple pathogenicity of the diseases. However, the importance of polyploidy in diverse pathophysiological contexts remains elusive. Recently, several studies reported successful improvement of symptoms of NAFLDs by reducing pathological polyploidy or by controlling cell cycle progression in animal models, suggesting that better understanding the mechanisms of pathological hepatic polyploidy may provide insights into the treatment of hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelin Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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30
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Jin X, Liu J, Wang S, Shi J, Zhao C, Xie H, Kang Y. E2f4 is required for intestinal and otolith development in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2690-2702. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Jin
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jiale Shi
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Sars‐Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Sars‐Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Sars‐Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China
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31
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Transcription Factors with Targeting Potential in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073720. [PMID: 35409080 PMCID: PMC8998804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas portray a large and heterogeneous group of CNS tumors, encompassing a wide range of low- to high-grade tumors, as defined by histological and molecular characteristics. The identification of signature mutations and other molecular abnormalities has largely impacted tumor classification, diagnosis, and therapy. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of gene expression programs, which ultimately shape cell fate and homeostasis. A variety of TFs have been detected to be aberrantly expressed in brain tumors, being highly implicated in critical pathological aspects and progression of gliomas. Herein, we describe a selection of oncogenic (GLI-1/2/3, E2F1–8, STAT3, and HIF-1/2) and tumor suppressor (NFI-A/B, TBXT, MYT1, and MYT1L) TFs that are deregulated in gliomas and are subsequently associated with tumor development, progression, and migratory potential. We further discuss the current targeting options against these TFs, including chemical (Bortezomib) and natural (Plumbagin) compounds, small molecules, and inhibitors, and address their potential implications in glioma therapy.
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32
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Pécot T, Cuitiño MC, Johnson RH, Timmers C, Leone G. Deep learning tools and modeling to estimate the temporal expression of cell cycle proteins from 2D still images. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009949. [PMID: 35286300 PMCID: PMC8947602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic characterization of fluorescent labeling in intact mammalian tissues remains a challenge due to the lack of quantifying techniques capable of segregating densely packed nuclei and intricate tissue patterns. Here, we describe a powerful deep learning-based approach that couples remarkably precise nuclear segmentation with quantitation of fluorescent labeling intensity within segmented nuclei, and then apply it to the analysis of cell cycle dependent protein concentration in mouse tissues using 2D fluorescent still images. First, several existing deep learning-based methods were evaluated to accurately segment nuclei using different imaging modalities with a small training dataset. Next, we developed a deep learning-based approach to identify and measure fluorescent labels within segmented nuclei, and created an ImageJ plugin to allow for efficient manual correction of nuclear segmentation and label identification. Lastly, using fluorescence intensity as a readout for protein concentration, a three-step global estimation method was applied to the characterization of the cell cycle dependent expression of E2F proteins in the developing mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Pécot
- Rennes 1 University, SFR Biosit (UMS 3480 - US 018), Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria C. Cuitiño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roger H. Johnson
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Kim JY, Yang IS, Kim HJ, Yoon JY, Han YH, Seong JK, Lee MO. RORα contributes to the maintenance of genome ploidy in the liver of mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E118-E131. [PMID: 34894722 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic polyploidization is closely linked to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the role of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) in the maintenance of genomic integrity, particularly in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, using the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed liver-specific RORα knockout (RORα-LKO) mouse model. First, we observed that the loss of hepatic retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) accelerated hepatocyte nuclear polyploidization after HFD feeding. In 70% partial hepatectomy experiments, enrichment of hepatocyte polyploidy was more obvious in the RORα-LKO animals, which was accompanied by early progression to the S phase and blockade of the G2/M transition, suggesting a potential role of RORα in suppressing hepatocyte polyploidization in the regenerating liver. An analysis of a publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq dataset, together with the Search Tool of the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database resource, revealed that DNA endoreplication was the top-enriched biological process Gene Ontology term. Furthermore, we found that E2f7 and E2f8, which encode key transcription factors for DNA endoreplication, were the downstream targets of RORα-induced transcriptional repression. Finally, we showed that the administration of JC1-40, an RORα activator (5 mg/kg body wt), significantly reduced hepatic nuclear polyploidization in the HFD-fed mice. Together, our observations suggest that the RORα-induced suppression of hepatic polyploidization may provide new insights into the pathological polyploidy of NAFLD and may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been reported that hepatic polyploidization is closely linked to the progression of NAFLD. Here, we showed that the genetic depletion of hepatic RORα in mice accelerated hepatocyte polyploidization after high-fat diet feeding. The mechanism could be the RORα-mediated repression of E2f7 and E2f8, key transcription factors for DNA endoreplication. Thus, preservation of genome integrity by RORα could provide a new insight for developing therapeutics against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Sook Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yeun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Wang L, Li M, Chen F. microRNA-26a represses pancreatic cancer cell malignant behaviors by targeting E2F7. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:55. [PMID: 35201478 PMCID: PMC8777553 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) exerts key roles in the development of pancreatic cancer (PCa). miR-26a is reportedly a tumor suppressor in cancers. However, whether miR-26a modulates PCa progression is poorly understood. Here, we found that miR-26a was down-regulated in PCa. Overexpressed miR-26a suppressed PCa cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor stem cell properties. Mechanically, the transcription factor E2F7 is a downstream target of miR-26a. miR-26a decreased E2F7 expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of E2F7. Decreased miR-26a in PCa tissues was inversely correlated with E2F7. The inhibitory effects of miR-26a in PCa were reversed by E2F7 overexpression. Consistently, the knockout of E2F7 further significantly inhibited the growth of PCa cells combined with miR-26a overexpression. Further study revealed that E2F7 bound the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a key factor in angiogenesis, and transcriptionally activated the expression of VEGFA. miR-26a overexpression attenuated the effects of E2F7 on VEGFA promotion. Our results uncovered the novel function of miR-26a/E2F7/VEGFA in PCa, making miR-26a a possible target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Blood, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 of the People Street, Gu Ta district, Jinzhou, 121001, Liao Ning, China.
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35
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Huang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Chu M, Wang Y. TFDP3 as E2F Unique Partner, Has Crucial Roles in Cancer Cells and Testis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:742462. [PMID: 34745961 PMCID: PMC8564135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.742462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor DP family member 3 (TFDP3) is a cancer-testis antigen, mainly expressed in normal testis and multiple cancers. TFDP3 gene (Gene ID: 51270) is located on the chromosome X and shares a high degree of sequence homology with TFDP1 and TFDP2, which can form heterodimers with E2F family members and enhance DNA-binding activity of E2Fs. In contrast to TFDP1 and TFDP2, TFDP3 downregulates E2F-mediated transcriptional activation. During DNA damage response in cancer cells, TFDP3 is induced and can inhibit E2F1-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, TFDP3 is involved in cell autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Regarding cancer therapy opportunity, the transduction of dendritic cells with recombinant adenovirus-encoding TFDP3 can activate autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target hepatoma cells. Here, we review the characterization of TFDP3, with an emphasis on the biological function and molecular mechanism. A better understanding of TFDP3 will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Sladky VC, Eichin F, Reiberger T, Villunger A. Polyploidy control in hepatic health and disease. J Hepatol 2021; 75:1177-1191. [PMID: 34228992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A balanced increase in DNA content (ploidy) is observed in some human cell types, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts, platelet-producing megakaryocytes, cardiomyocytes or hepatocytes. The impact of increased hepatocyte ploidy on normal physiology and diverse liver pathologies is still poorly understood. Recent findings suggest swift genetic adaptation to hepatotoxic stress and the protection from malignant transformation as beneficial effects. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatocyte polyploidisation and its implication for different liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. We report on centrosomes' role in limiting polyploidy by activating the p53 signalling network (via the PIDDosome multiprotein complex) and we discuss the role of this pathway in liver disease. Increased hepatocyte ploidy is a hallmark of hepatic inflammation and may play a protective role against liver cancer. Our evolving understanding of hepatocyte ploidy is discussed from the perspective of its potential clinical application for risk stratification, prognosis, and novel therapeutic strategies in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C Sladky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felix Eichin
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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37
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Donne R, Sangouard F, Celton-Morizur S, Desdouets C. Hepatocyte Polyploidy: Driver or Gatekeeper of Chronic Liver Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205151. [PMID: 34680300 PMCID: PMC8534039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, also known as whole-genome amplification, is a condition in which the organism has more than two basic sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy frequently arises during tissue development and repair, and in age-associated diseases, such as cancer. Its consequences are diverse and clearly different between systems. The liver is a particularly fascinating organ in that it can adapt its ploidy to the physiological and pathological context. Polyploid hepatocytes are characterized in terms of the number of nuclei per cell (cellular ploidy; mononucleate/binucleate hepatocytes) and the number of chromosome sets in each nucleus (nuclear ploidy; diploid, tetraploid, octoploid). The advantages and disadvantages of polyploidy in mammals are not fully understood. About 30% of the hepatocytes in the human liver are polyploid. In this review, we explore the mechanisms underlying the development of polyploid cells, our current understanding of the regulation of polyploidization during development and pathophysiology and its consequences for liver function. We will also provide data shedding light on the ways in which polyploid hepatocytes cope with centrosome amplification. Finally, we discuss recent discoveries highlighting the possible roles of liver polyploidy in protecting against tumor formation, or, conversely, contributing to liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Donne
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Precision Immunology Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Flora Sangouard
- Laboratory of Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Celton-Morizur
- Laboratory of Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.-M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Laboratory of Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.-M.); (C.D.)
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38
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Luo H, Tao C, Long X, Zhu X, Huang K. Early 2 factor (E2F) transcription factors contribute to malignant progression and have clinical prognostic value in lower-grade glioma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7765-7779. [PMID: 34617871 PMCID: PMC8806968 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) genes encoding a family of transcription factors are significantly associated with apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis in several tumor types. However, the biological functions of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) and their potential involvement in the malignancy of lower-grade glioma (LGG) remain unclear. We explored the effects of the expression of eight E2F family members on the clinical characteristics of LGG based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GSE16011 datasets. Two LGG subgroups were identified according to the consensus clustering of the eight E2Fs. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm for further functional experiments and the development of a potential risk score. Two categories of patients with LGG were identified based on the median risk scores. We then developed a nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the bioinformatics results. Our results indicated that E2F family members were significantly involved in the malignancy of LGG and might serve as effective prognostic biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Xie D, Pei Q, Li J, Wan X, Ye T. Emerging Role of E2F Family in Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:723137. [PMID: 34476219 PMCID: PMC8406691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.723137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs) consist of eight genes in mammals. These genes encode ten proteins that are usually classified as transcriptional activators or transcriptional repressors. E2Fs are important for many cellular processes, from their canonical role in cell cycle regulation to other roles in angiogenesis, the DNA damage response and apoptosis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key players in tumor development, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This review focuses on the role of E2Fs in CSCs and notes that many signals can regulate the activities of E2Fs, which in turn can transcriptionally regulate many different targets to contribute to various biological characteristics of CSCs, such as proliferation, self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, E2Fs may be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with CSCs pathologies. Finally, exploring therapeutic strategies for E2Fs may result in disruption of CSCs, which may prevent tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Pei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
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40
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Katsanos D, Ferrando-Marco M, Razzaq I, Aughey G, Southall TD, Barkoulas M. Gene expression profiling of epidermal cell types in C. elegans using Targeted DamID. Development 2021; 148:dev199452. [PMID: 34397094 PMCID: PMC7613258 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis of Caenorhabditis elegans is an essential tissue for survival because it contributes to the formation of the cuticle barrier as well as facilitating developmental progression and animal growth. Most of the epidermis consists of the hyp7 hypodermal syncytium, the nuclei of which are largely generated by the seam cells, which exhibit stem cell-like behaviour during development. How seam cell progenitors differ transcriptionally from the differentiated hypodermis is poorly understood. Here, we introduce Targeted DamID (TaDa) in C. elegans as a method for identifying genes expressed within a tissue of interest without cell isolation. We show that TaDa signal enrichment profiles can be used to identify genes transcribed in the epidermis and use this method to resolve differences in gene expression between the seam cells and the hypodermis. Finally, we predict and functionally validate new transcription and chromatin factors acting in seam cell development. These findings provide insights into cell type-specific gene expression profiles likely associated with epidermal cell fate patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Katsanos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mar Ferrando-Marco
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iqrah Razzaq
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gabriel Aughey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tony D. Southall
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michalis Barkoulas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Qin F, Cao H, Feng C, Zhu T, Zhu B, Zhang J, Tong J, Pei H. Microarray profiling of LncRNA expression in the testis of pubertal mice following morning and evening exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1745-1760. [PMID: 34369206 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1962902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the chronotoxicity of radiofrequency fields (RF) in the pubertal testis development and the involved molecular pathways were investigated by exposing four-week-old mice to RF (1800 MHz, SAR, 0.50 W/kg) in the morning and evening of each day for three weeks. Then, pathological changes and functional indices within the testis were determined. We also used a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) microarray and GO/KEGG pathway analyses to determine lncRNA expression profiles and predict their potential functions. The cis and trans regulation of lncRNAs were investigated, and an interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software. RF exposure led to a range of pathological changes in the testes of adolescent mice, as testicular weights and daily sperm productions decreased, and the testosterone secretion reduced. Furthermore, RF induced dysregulation in the expression of testicular lncRNAs. We identified 615 and 183 differentially expressed lncRNAs that were associated with morning and evening exposure to RF, respectively. From 15 differential expression lncRNAs both in morning RF group and evening RF group, we selected 6 lncRNAs to be validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The differentially expressed lncRNAs induced by morning RF exposure were highly correlated with many different pathways, including Fanconi syndrome, metabolic processes, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA replication. Trans-regulation analyses further showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs were involved in multiple transcription factor-regulated pathways, such as TCFAP4, NFkB, HINFP, TFDP2, FoxN1, and PAX5. These transcription factors have all been shown to be involved in the modulation of testis development, cell cycle progression, and spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that the extent to which 1800 MHz RF induced toxicity in the testes and changed the expression of lncRNAs showed differences between morning exposure and evening exposure. These data indicate that differentially expressed lncRNAs play crucial roles in the RF exposure damage to the developing pubertal testis. Collectively, our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of RF exposure on testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenju Qin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Honglong Cao
- School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingxu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Saad D, Paissoni C, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Nardini M, Mantovani R, Gnesutta N, Camilloni C. High Conformational Flexibility of the E2F1/DP1/DNA Complex. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167119. [PMID: 34181981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor is a master regulator of cell-cycle progression whose uncontrolled activation contributes to tumor cells growth. E2F1 binds DNA as a heterodimer with DP partners, resulting in a multi-domain quaternary-structure complex composed of DNA binding domains, a coiled coil domain and a marked box domain separated by short linkers. Building on the 3D knowledge of the single domains of E2F and DPs, we characterized the structure and dynamics of the complete E2F1/DP1/DNA complex by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. It shows an asymmetric contribution of the dynamics of the two proteins. Namely, the coiled-coil domain leans toward the DP1 side of the complex; the DP1 loop between α2 and α3 of the DBD partially populates a helical structure leaning far from the DNA and in the same direction of the coiled-coil domain; and the N-terminal disordered region of DP1, rich in basic residues, contributes to DNA binding stabilization. Intriguingly, tumor mutations in the flexible regions of the complex suggest that perturbation of protein dynamics could affect protein function in a context-dependent way. Our data suggest fundamental contributions of DP proteins in distinct aspects of E2F biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saad
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nerina Gnesutta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Liu J, Xia L, Wang S, Cai X, Wu X, Zou C, Shan B, Luo M, Wang D. E2F4 Promotes the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Upregulation of CDCA3. J Cancer 2021; 12:5173-5180. [PMID: 34335934 PMCID: PMC8317516 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, is associated with high mortality rates. E2F4 is a member of the E2F transcription factor family. There are limited studies on the role of E2F4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the expression of E2F4 in HCC tissue samples and cell lines was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. E2F4 expression positively correlated with tumor size in patients with HCC. Additionally, E2F4 expression was greater in HCC cells than in normal LO2 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of E2F4 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. The results of a luciferase assay revealed that E2F4 upregulated the expression of CDCA3 by binding to its promoter region (1863'-ACGCGCGAGAATG-1875') and consequently promoted proliferation and cell cycle progression of HCC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that E2F4 might play a vital role in HCC progression and could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and as a therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lulu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoju Shan
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing); China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Luo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The classical view is that some E2Fs act as "activators" and others "inhibitors" of cell cycle gene expression. However, the so-called "activator" E2F2 is particularly enigmatic, with seemingly contradictory roles in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell migration and invasion. How can we rationalize the apparently opposing functions of E2F2 in different situations? This is difficult because different methods of studying E2F2 have yielded conflicting results, so extrapolating mechanisms from an observed endpoint is challenging. This review will attempt to summarize and clarify these issues. This review focuses on genetic studies that have helped elucidate the biological functions of E2F2 and that have enhanced our understanding of how E2F2 is integrated into pathways controlling the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell migration and invasion. This review will also discuss the function of E2F2 in cancer and other diseases. This review provides a strong basis for further research on the biological function and clinical potential of E2F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Li
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shiguan Wang
- Medical College, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
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45
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E2F2 stimulates CCR4 expression and activates synovial fibroblast-like cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:27-37. [PMID: 33897281 PMCID: PMC8056345 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) has increased expression in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and stimulates interleukin (IL)-1 α and IL-β production in cultured RA synovial fibroblast-like cells (RASF), which supports the importance of E2F2 in RA pathogenesis. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of E2F2 in RA. Material and methods Cultured RASF were transfected with anti-E2F2 siRNA, and the expression profile was analyzed with an inflammatory response and autoimmunity PCR array loaded with 84-relative genes to explore the pathogenic pathway of E2F2. Apoptosis, migration and tube-like structure formation in the RASF with transfection of anti-E2F2 siRNA or E2F2-expressing plasmids were examined using flow cytometry, transwell assays and Matrigel assays, respectively. Results Significantly decreased expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) was detected in RASF with inhibited E2F2 expression, and the CCR4 expression was increased in RASF with transfection of E2F2-expressing plasmids. Silencing E2F2 expression stimulated apoptosis, but retarded migration and tube-like structure formation in RASF. The opposite observation was obtained in RASF with E2F2 overexpression. Conclusions High E2F2 expression decreases apoptosis and increases migration and tube-like structure ability in RASF and might perform this role by up-regulating CCR4 expression, which ultimately contributes to the disease progression of RA synovial tissues.
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Identification and functional characterization of the transcription factor coding Dp1 gene in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06299. [PMID: 33718639 PMCID: PMC7921785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Dp1, as a binding partner, often forms a dimerization complex with typical E2F to play a central role in regulating gene expression during G1/S cell cycle progression. In this study, a full-length dp1 cDNA (Pcdp1) was successfully cloned and characterized from the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. The nucleotidic sequence of Pcdp1 is 1,427 bp long with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,239 bp encoding a putative protein of 412 amino acids, a 5′-untranslated region of 116 bp and a 3′-untranslated region of 70 bp. Prediction of protein domains showed that PcDp1 contains a DNA-binding domain (DBD) with a DEF box, a dimerization domain and an acidic region at C terminus with transcription activity. Homology comparisons indicated that PcDp1 shared the highest sequence identity of 98.55% with Oreochromis niloticus dp1, followed by 88.72% identity with Danio rerio dp1 and a relatively low identity of 78.91–80.55% with its mammalian and amphibian counterparts. The mRNA of Pcdp1 showed ubiquitously expression in all analyzed tissues, with the highest level of expression in the body kidney. Moderate expression levels of Pcdp1 was found in several immune-related tissues including the gills, head kidney and liver, indicating that PcDp1 might play an important role in osmotic pressure regulation and immune response of the large yellow croaker. The subcellular localization of PcDp1 revealed that it is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm both in COS-7 and parenchymal cells of the spleen, head kidney and kidney tissues. Furthermore, the recombinant PcDp1 exhibited DNA-binding activity to E2F site in vitro. In conclusion, these results indicated that PcDp1 may participate in immune regulation and provide a foundation for further study of the regulatory mechanism of Dp1 in teleosts.
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Perrotta L, Giordo R, Francis D, Rogers HJ, Albani D. Molecular Analysis of the E2F/DP Gene Family of Daucus carota and Involvement of the DcE2F1 Factor in Cell Proliferation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652570. [PMID: 33777085 PMCID: PMC7994507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are key components of the RB/E2F pathway that, through the action of cyclin-dependent kinases, regulates cell cycle progression in both plants and animals. Moreover, plant and animal E2Fs have also been shown to regulate other cellular functions in addition to cell proliferation. Based on structural and functional features, they can be divided into different classes that have been shown to act as activators or repressors of E2F-dependent genes. Among the first plant E2F factors to be reported, we previously described DcE2F1, an activating E2F which is expressed in cycling carrot (Daucus carota) cells. In this study, we describe the identification of the additional members of the E2F/DP family of D. carota, which includes four typical E2Fs, three atypical E2F/DEL genes, and three related DP genes. Expression analyses of the carrot E2F and DP genes reveal distinctive patterns and suggest that the functions of some of them are not necessarily linked to cell proliferation. DcE2F1 was previously shown to transactivate an E2F-responsive promoter in transient assays but the functional role of this protein in planta was not defined. Sequence comparisons indicate that DcE2F1 could be an ortholog of the AtE2FA factor of Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, ectopic expression of the DcE2F1 cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants is able to upregulate AtE2FB and promotes cell proliferation, giving rise to polycotyly with low frequency, effects that are highly similar to those observed when over-expressing AtE2FA. These results indicate that DcE2F1 is involved in the control of cell proliferation and plays important roles in the regulation of embryo and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Perrotta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis Francis
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Rather GM, Anyanwu M, Minko T, Garbuzenko O, Szekely Z, Bertino JR. Anti-Tumor Effects of a Penetratin Peptide Targeting Transcription of E2F-1, 2 and 3a Is Enhanced When Used in Combination with Pemetrexed or Cisplatin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050972. [PMID: 33652640 PMCID: PMC7956530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The E2F family of transcription factors are essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, and DNA repair. They are commonly overexpressed or dysregulated in cancer as a consequence of inactivation or mutations in the retinoblastoma protein. Therefore, one or more of the activating E2Fs (E2F-1, 2, and 3a) have been recognized as antitumor targets. The combination of a peptide targeting transcription of E2F-1, 2, and 3a, with cisplatin, and especially with pemetrexed, showed enhanced antitumor activity in-vitro and in-vivo and has promise for the treatment of patients with various tumors, and in particular, lung adenocarcinoma. Abstract Background: We tested the antitumor effects of a modified E2F peptide substituting D-Arg for L-Arg, conjugated to penetratin (PEP) against solid tumor cell lines and the CCRF-leukemia cell line, alone and in combination with pemetrexed or with cisplatin. For in-vivo studies, the peptide was encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (PL-PEP) to increase half-life and stability. Methods: Prostate cancer (DU145 and PC3), breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-468, and 4T1), lymphoma (CCRF-CEM), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H2009, H441, H1975, and H2228) were treated with D-Arg PEP in combination with cisplatin or pemetrexed. Western blot analysis was performed on the NSCLC for E2F-1, pRb, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine kinase. The H2009 cell line was selected for an in-vivo study. Results: When the PEP was combined with cisplatin and tested against solid tumor cell lines and the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line, there was a modest synergistic effect. A marked synergistic effect was seen when the combination of pemetrexed and the PEP was tested against the adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell lines. The addition of the PEP to pemetrexed enhanced the antitumor effects of pemetrexed in a xenograft of the H2009 in mice. Conclusions: The D-Arg PEP in combination with cisplatin caused synergistic cell kill against prostate, breast, lung cancers, and the CCRF-CEM cell line. Marked synergy resulted when the D-Arg PEP was used in combination with pemetrexed against the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. A xenograft study using the PL-PEP in combination with pemetrexed showed enhanced anti-tumor effects compared to each drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Mohmad Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.M.R.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Michael Anyanwu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.M.R.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamara Minko
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.M.R.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA;
| | - Olga Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA;
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.M.R.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.M.R.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-732-235-8510; Fax: +1-732-235-8181
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Direct Regulation of DNA Repair by E2F and RB in Mammals and Plants: Core Function or Convergent Evolution? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050934. [PMID: 33668093 PMCID: PMC7956360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins and E2F transcription factors partner together to regulate the cell cycle in many eukaryotic organisms. In organisms that lack one or both of these proteins, other proteins have taken on the essential function of cell cycle regulation. RB and E2F also have important functions outside of the cell cycle, including DNA repair. This review summarizes the non-canonical functions of RB and E2F in maintaining genome integrity and raises the question of whether such functions have always been present or have evolved more recently. Abstract Members of the E2F transcription factor family regulate the expression of genes important for DNA replication and mitotic cell division in most eukaryotes. Homologs of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor inhibit the activity of E2F factors, thus controlling cell cycle progression. Organisms such as budding and fission yeast have lost genes encoding E2F and RB, but have gained genes encoding other proteins that take on E2F and RB cell cycle-related functions. In addition to regulating cell proliferation, E2F and RB homologs have non-canonical functions outside the mitotic cell cycle in a variety of eukaryotes. For example, in both mammals and plants, E2F and RB homologs localize to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and directly promote repair by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we discuss the parallels between mammalian E2F1 and RB and their Arabidopsis homologs, E2FA and RB-related (RBR), with respect to their recruitment to sites of DNA damage and how they help recruit repair factors important for DNA end resection. We also explore the question of whether this role in DNA repair is a conserved ancient function of the E2F and RB homologs in the last eukaryotic common ancestor or whether this function evolved independently in mammals and plants.
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Mobility connects: transposable elements wire new transcriptional networks by transferring transcription factor binding motifs. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1005-1017. [PMID: 32573687 PMCID: PMC7329337 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute major fractions of plant genomes. Their potential to be mobile provides them with the capacity to cause major genome rearrangements. Those effects are potentially deleterious and enforced the evolution of epigenetic suppressive mechanisms controlling TE activity. However, beyond their deleterious effects, TE insertions can be neutral or even advantageous for the host, leading to long-term retention of TEs in the host genome. Indeed, TEs are increasingly recognized as major drivers of evolutionary novelties by regulating the expression of nearby genes. TEs frequently contain binding motifs for transcription factors and capture binding motifs during transposition, which they spread through the genome by transposition. Thus, TEs drive the evolution and diversification of gene regulatory networks by recruiting lineage-specific targets under the regulatory control of specific transcription factors. This process can explain the rapid and repeated evolution of developmental novelties, such as C4 photosynthesis and a wide spectrum of stress responses in plants. It also underpins the convergent evolution of embryo nourishing tissues, the placenta in mammals and the endosperm in flowering plants. Furthermore, the gene regulatory network underlying flower development has also been largely reshaped by TE-mediated recruitment of regulatory elements; some of them being preserved across long evolutionary timescales. In this review, we highlight the potential role of TEs as evolutionary toolkits in plants by showcasing examples of TE-mediated evolutionary novelties.
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