1
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Zhou D, Tian JM, Li Z, Huang J. Cbx4 SUMOylates BRD4 to regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01315-x. [PMID: 39349832 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brominated domain protein 4 (BRD4) is a chromatin reader known to exacerbate the inflammatory response in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) by controlling the expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, the extent to which this regulatory effect is altered after BRD4 translation remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the E3 SUMO protein ligase CBX4 (Cbx4) is involved in the SUMO modification of BRD4 to affect its ability to control the expression of the proinflammatory genes IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts. Specifically, Cbx4-mediated SUMOylation of K1111 lysine residues prevents the degradation of BRD4, thereby activating the transcriptional activities of the IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 genes, which depend on BRD4. SUMOylated BRD4 also recruits the multifunctional methyltransferase subunit TRM112-like protein (TRMT112) to further promote the processing of proinflammatory gene transcripts to eventually increase their expression. In vivo, treatment of PTOA with a Cbx4 inhibitor in rats was comparable to treatment with BRD4 inhibitors, indicating the importance of SUMOylation in controlling BRD4 to alleviate PTOA. Overall, this study is the first to identify Cbx4 as the enzyme responsible for the SUMO modification of BRD4 and highlights the central role of the Cbx4-BRD4 axis in exacerbating PTOA from the perspective of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Ming Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Wei Q, Gan C, Sun M, Xie Y, Liu H, Xue T, Deng C, Mo C, Ye T. BRD4: an effective target for organ fibrosis. Biomark Res 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 39215370 PMCID: PMC11365212 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an excessive wound-healing response induced by repeated or chronic external stimuli to tissues, significantly impacting quality of life and primarily contributing to organ failure. Organ fibrosis is reported to cause 45% of all-cause mortality worldwide. Despite extensive efforts to develop new antifibrotic drugs, drug discovery has not kept pace with the clinical demand. Currently, only pirfenidone and nintedanib are approved by the FDA to treat pulmonary fibrotic illness, whereas there are currently no available antifibrotic drugs for hepatic, cardiac or renal fibrosis. The development of fibrosis is closely related to epigenetic alterations. The field of epigenetics primarily studies biological processes, including chromatin modifications, epigenetic readers, DNA transcription and RNA translation. The bromodomain and extra-terminal structural domain (BET) family, a class of epigenetic readers, specifically recognizes acetylated histone lysine residues and promotes the formation of transcriptional complexes. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is one of the most well-researched proteins in the BET family. BRD4 is implicated in the expression of genes related to inflammation and pro-fibrosis during fibrosis. Inhibition of BRD4 has shown promising anti-fibrotic effects in preclinical studies; however, no BRD4 inhibitor has been approved for clinical use. This review introduces the structure and function of BET proteins, the research progress on BRD4 in organ fibrosis, and the inhibitors of BRD4 utilized in fibrosis. We emphasize the feasibility of targeting BRD4 as an anti-fibrotic strategy and discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges associated with BRD4 inhibitors in treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taixiong Xue
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Conghui Deng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Ningxia Medical University, Yin Chuan, 640100, China.
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3
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Yongprayoon V, Wattanakul N, Khomate W, Apithanangsiri N, Kasitipradit T, Nantajit D, Tavassoli M. Targeting BRD4: Potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:74. [PMID: 38606512 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As a member of BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) protein family, BRD4 (bromodomain‑containing protein 4) is a chromatin‑associated protein that interacts with acetylated histones and actively recruits regulatory proteins, leading to the modulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The cellular and epigenetic functions of BRD4 implicate normal development, fibrosis and inflammation. BRD4 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target as it is often overexpressed and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression programs that drive tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance. To address the roles of BRD4 in cancer, several drugs that specifically target BRD4 have been developed. Inhibition of BRD4 has shown promising results in preclinical models, with several BRD4 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a heterogeneous group of cancers, remains a health challenge with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Conventional therapies for HNSCC often cause adverse effects to the patients. Targeting BRD4, therefore, represents a promising strategy to sensitize HNSCC to chemo‑ and radiotherapy allowing de‑intensification of the current therapeutic regime and subsequent reduced side effects. However, further studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of action of BRD4 in HNSCC in order to determine the optimal dosing and administration of BRD4‑targeted drugs for the treatment of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voraporn Yongprayoon
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Napasporn Wattanakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Winnada Khomate
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nathakrit Apithanangsiri
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tarathip Kasitipradit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Danupon Nantajit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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4
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Wang S, Lei K, Lai HT, Liu T, Du L, Wu SY, Ye X, Chiang CM, Li M. Novel BRD4-p53 Inhibitor SDU-071 Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1178-1190. [PMID: 38633583 PMCID: PMC11019737 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A promising alternative for cancer treatment involves targeted inhibition of the epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4); however, available BRD4 inhibitors are constrained by their potency, oral bioavailability, and cytotoxicity. Herein, to overcome the drawback of the translational BRD4 inhibitors, we describe a novel BRD4-p53 inhibitor, SDU-071, which suppresses BRD4 interaction with the p53 tumor suppressor and its biological activity in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. This novel small-molecule BRD4-p53 inhibitor suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by downregulating the expression of BRD4-targeted genes, such as c-Myc and Mucin 5AC, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as demonstrated in cultured MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. Its antitumor activity is illustrated in an orthotopic mouse xenograft mammary tumor model. Overall, our results show that SDU-071 is a viable option for potentially treating TNBC as a new BRD4-p53 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kang Lei
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Hsien-Tsung Lai
- Simmons
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Simmons
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Minyong Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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5
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Xu YD, Liang XC, Li ZP, Wu ZS, Yang J, Jia SZ, Peng R, Li ZY, Wang XH, Luo FJ, Chen JJ, Cheng WX, Zhang P, Zha ZG, Zeng R, Zhang HT. Apoptotic body-inspired nanotherapeutics efficiently attenuate osteoarthritis by targeting BRD4-regulated synovial macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122483. [PMID: 38330742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is the most well-studied BET protein that is important for the innate immune response. We recently revealed that targeting BRD4 triggers apoptosis in tumor-associated macrophages, but its role in synovial macrophages and joint inflammation is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that BRD4 was highly expressed in the iNOS-positive M1 macrophages in the human and mouse osteoarthritis (OA) synovium, and conditional knockout of BRD4 in the myeloid lineage using Lyz2-cre; BRD4flox/flox mice significantly abolished anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced M1 macrophage accumulation and synovial inflammation. Accordingly, we successfully constructed apoptotic body-inspired phosphatidylserine-containing nanoliposomes (PSLs) loaded with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 to regulate inflammatory macrophages. JQ1-loaded PSLs (JQ1@PSLs) exhibited a higher cellular uptake by macrophages than fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in vitro and in vivo, as well as the reduction in proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Intra-articular injections of JQ1@PSLs showed prolonged retention within the joint, and remarkably reduced synovial inflammation and joint pain via suppressing M1 polarization accompanied by reduced TRPA1 expression by targeted inhibition of BRD4 in the macrophages, thus attenuating cartilage degradation during OA development. The results show that BRD4-inhibiting JQ1@PSLs can targeted-modulate macrophage polarization, which opens a new avenue for efficient OA therapy via a "Trojan horse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Di Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhao-Sheng Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiao-He Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Fang-Ji Luo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jia-Jing Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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6
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Zhou D, Liu W, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Dai C, Zhang T, Yang G, Zhang Y, Li A. Bellidifolin ameliorates isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy by the Nox4/ROS signalling pathway through inhibiting BRD4. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:279. [PMID: 37528096 PMCID: PMC10394041 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no effective therapy for pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which can ultimately lead to heart failure. Bellidifolin (BEL) is an active xanthone component of Gentianella acuta (G. acuta) with a protective function for the heart. However, the role and mechanism of BEL action in cardiac hypertrophy remain unknown. In this study, the mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by isoprenaline (ISO) induction with or without BEL treatment. The results showed that BEL alleviated cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes induced by ISO in the mice. The expression of cardiac hypertrophy marker genes, including ANP, BNP, and β-MHC, were inhibited by BEL both in mice and in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, BEL repressed the epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) to reduce the ISO-induced acetylation of H3K122 and phosphorylation of RNA Pol II. The Nox4/ROS/ADAM17 signalling pathway was also inhibited by BEL in a BRD4 dependent manner. Thus, BEL alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction via the BRD4/Nox4/ROS axes during ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. These findings clarify the function and molecular mechanism of BEL action in the therapeutic intervention of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weizhe Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yucui Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Wu
- Department of Technology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gaoshan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Aiying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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7
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Mann MW, Fu Y, Gearhart RL, Xu X, Roberts DS, Li Y, Zhou J, Ge Y, Brasier AR. Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 regulates innate inflammation via modulation of alternative splicing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212770. [PMID: 37435059 PMCID: PMC10331468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4) is a transcriptional regulator which coordinates gene expression programs controlling cancer biology, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the context of airway viral infection, BRD4-specific inhibitors (BRD4i) block the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent downstream epithelial plasticity. Although the chromatin modifying functions of BRD4 in inducible gene expression have been extensively investigated, its roles in post-transcriptional regulation are not well understood. Given BRD4's interaction with the transcriptional elongation complex and spliceosome, we hypothesize that BRD4 is a functional regulator of mRNA processing. Methods To address this question, we combine data-independent analysis - parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) with RNA-sequencing to achieve deep and integrated coverage of the proteomic and transcriptomic landscapes of human small airway epithelial cells exposed to viral challenge and treated with BRD4i. Results We discover that BRD4 regulates alternative splicing of key genes, including Interferon-related Developmental Regulator 1 (IFRD1) and X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), related to the innate immune response and the unfolded protein response (UPR). We identify requirement of BRD4 for expression of serine-arginine splicing factors, splicosome components and the Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 IREα affecting immediate early innate response and the UPR. Discussion These findings extend the transcriptional elongation-facilitating actions of BRD4 in control of post-transcriptional RNA processing via modulating splicing factor expression in virus-induced innate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert L. Gearhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Lordo MR, Stiff AR, Oakes CC, Mundy-Bosse BL. Effects of epigenetic therapy on natural killer cell function and development in hematologic malignancy. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:518-524. [PMID: 36860165 PMCID: PMC10443672 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy is an emerging field in the treatment of human cancer, including hematologic malignancies. This class of therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment includes DNA hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, IDH1/2 inhibitors, EZH2 inhibitors, and numerous preclinical targets/agents. Most studies measuring the biological effects of epigenetic therapy focus their attention on either their direct cytotoxic effects on malignant cells or their effects on modifying tumor cell antigen expression, exposing them to immune surveillance mechanisms. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic therapy also has effects on the development and function of the immune system, including natural killer cells, which can alter their response to cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the body of literature studying the effects of different classes of epigenetic therapy on the development and/or function of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Lordo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew R. Stiff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Physician Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher C. Oakes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bethany L. Mundy-Bosse
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Martella N, Pensabene D, Varone M, Colardo M, Petraroia M, Sergio W, La Rosa P, Moreno S, Segatto M. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Proteins in Brain Physiology and Pathology: BET-ing on Epigenetic Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030750. [PMID: 36979729 PMCID: PMC10045827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins function as histone code readers of acetylated lysins that determine the positive regulation in transcription of genes involved in cell cycle progression, differentiation, inflammation, and many other pathways. In recent years, thanks to the development of BET inhibitors, interest in this protein family has risen for its relevance in brain development and function. For example, experimental evidence has shown that BET modulation affects neuronal activity and the expression of genes involved in learning and memory. In addition, BET inhibition strongly suppresses molecular pathways related to neuroinflammation. These observations suggest that BET modulation may play a critical role in the onset and during the development of diverse neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. In this review article, we summarize the most recent evidence regarding the involvement of BET proteins in brain physiology and pathology, as well as their pharmacological potential as targets for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Martella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Daniele Pensabene
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 64 via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Varone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Michele Petraroia
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - William Sergio
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 64 via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Mann M, Fu Y, Xu X, Roberts DS, Li Y, Zhou J, Ge Y, Brasier AR. Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 Regulates Innate Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells via Modulation of Alternative Splicing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524257. [PMID: 36711789 PMCID: PMC9882210 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4) is a transcriptional regulator which coordinates gene expression programs controlling cancer biology, inflammation, and fibrosis. In airway viral infection, non-toxic BRD4-specific inhibitors (BRD4i) block the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent downstream remodeling. Although the chromatin modifying functions of BRD4 in inducible gene expression have been extensively investigated, its roles in post-transcriptional regulation are not as well understood. Based on its interaction with the transcriptional elongation complex and spliceosome, we hypothesize that BRD4 is a functional regulator of mRNA processing. To address this question, we combine data-independent analysis - parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) with RNA-sequencing to achieve deep and integrated coverage of the proteomic and transcriptomic landscapes of human small airway epithelial cells exposed to viral challenge and treated with BRD4i. The transcript-level data was further interrogated for alternative splicing analysis, and the resulting data sets were correlated to identify pathways subject to post-transcriptional regulation. We discover that BRD4 regulates alternative splicing of key genes, including Interferon-related Developmental Regulator 1 ( IFRD1 ) and X-Box Binding Protein 1 ( XBP1 ), related to the innate immune response and the unfolded protein response, respectively. These findings extend the transcriptional elongation-facilitating actions of BRD4 in control of post-transcriptional RNA processing in innate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, 77550, Texas, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, 77550, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA,Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Morgado-Pascual JL, Suarez-Alvarez B, Marchant V, Basantes P, Tharaux PL, Ortiz A, Lopez-Larrea C, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Type IV Collagen and SOX9 Are Molecular Targets of BET Inhibition in Experimental Glomerulosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:486. [PMID: 36613933 PMCID: PMC9820124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive glomerulonephritis (GN) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular (ECM) proteins, mainly type IV collagen (COLIV), in the glomerulus leading to glomerulosclerosis. The current therapeutic approach to GN is suboptimal. Epigenetic drugs could be novel therapeutic options for human disease. Among these drugs, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors (iBETs) have shown beneficial effects in experimental kidney disease and fibrotic disorders. Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) is a transcription factor involved in regulating proliferation, migration, and regeneration, but its role in kidney fibrosis is still unclear. We investigated whether iBETs could regulate ECM accumulation in experimental GN and evaluated the role of SOX9 in this process. For this purpose, we tested the iBET JQ1 in mice with anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis induced by nephrotoxic serum (NTS). In NTS-injected mice, JQ1 treatment reduced glomerular ECM deposition, mainly by inhibiting glomerular COLIV accumulation and Col4a3 gene overexpression. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that JQ1 inhibited the recruitment and binding of BRD4 to the Col4a3 promoter and reduced its transcription. Active SOX9 was found in the nuclei of glomerular cells of NTS-injured kidneys, mainly in COLIV-stained regions. JQ1 treatment blocked SOX9 nuclear translocation in injured kidneys. Moreover, in vitro JQ1 blocked TGF-β1-induced SOX9 activation and ECM production in cultured mesangial cells. Additionally, SOX9 gene silencing inhibited ECM production, including COLIV production. Our results demonstrated that JQ1 inhibited SOX9/COLIV, to reduce experimental glomerulosclerosis, supporting further research of iBET as a potential therapeutic option in progressive glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba University, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Immunology, Principality of Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Basantes
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Center—PARCC, INSERM, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Immunology, Principality of Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricord2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Small Molecule BRD4 Inhibitors Apabetalone and JQ1 Rescues Endothelial Cells Dysfunction, Protects Monolayer Integrity and Reduces Midkine Expression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217453. [PMID: 36364277 PMCID: PMC9692972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. NF-κB cooperates with bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator, in endothelial inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether BRD4 inhibition would prevent the proinflammatory response towards TNF-α in endothelial cells. We used TNF-α treatment of human umbilical cord-derived vascular endothelial cells to create an in vitro inflammatory model system. Two small molecule inhibitors of BRD4—namely, RVX208 (Apabetalone), which is in clinical trials for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and JQ1—were used to analyze the effect of BRD4 inhibition on endothelial inflammation and barrier integrity. BRD4 inhibition reduced the expression of proinflammatory markers such as SELE, VCAM-I, and IL6 in endothelial cells and prevented TNF-α-induced endothelial tight junction hyperpermeability. Endothelial inflammation was associated with increased expression of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine. BRD4 inhibition reduced midkine expression and normalized endothelial permeability upon TNF-α treatment. In conclusion, we identified that TNF-α increased midkine expression and compromised tight junction integrity in endothelial cells, which was preventable by pharmacological BRD4 inhibition.
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13
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Yatchang MF, Mathew B, Srivastava RK, Khan J, Muzaffar S, Zhang S, Wu M, Zhai L, Ruiz P, Agarwal A, Bostwick JR, Suto MJ, Athar M, Augelli-Szafran CE. Development of BRD4 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents and antidotes for arsenicals. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 64:128696. [PMID: 35318165 PMCID: PMC9017782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenicals belong to the class of chemical warfare agents known as vesicants, which are highly reactive, toxic and cause robust inflammatory response. Cutaneous exposure to arsenicals causes a wide range of systemic organ damage, beginning with cutaneous injuries, and later manifest multi-organ damage and death. Thus, the development of suitable antidotes that can effectively block injury following exposure to these agents is of great importance. Bromodomain 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family, plays crucial role in regulating transcription of inflammatory, proliferation and cell cycle genes. In this context, the development of potent small molecule inhibitors of BRD4 could serve as potential antidotes for arsenicals. Herein, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fosso Yatchang
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Bini Mathew
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Ritesh K Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Mousheng Wu
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Ling Zhai
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Pedro Ruiz
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James R Bostwick
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Mark J Suto
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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14
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Inuzuka H, Liu J, Wei W, Rezaeian AH. PROTACs technology for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Advances and perspectives. ACTA MATERIA MEDICA 2022; 1:24-41. [PMID: 35237768 PMCID: PMC8887676 DOI: 10.15212/amm-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characteristic with progression of neuron degeneration, resulting in dysfunction of cognition and mobility. Many neurodegenerative diseases are because of proteinopathies that results from unusual protein accumulations and aggregations. The aggregation of misfolded proteins like β-amyloid, α-synuclein, tau, and polyglutamates are hallmarked in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are undruggable targets, and usually do not respond to conventional small-molecule agents. Therefore, developing novel technology and strategy for reducing the levels of protein aggregates would be critical for treatment of AD. Recently, the emerging proteolysis targeting chimeras (PRPTACs) technology has been significantly considered for artificial and selective degradation of aberrant target proteins. These engineered bifunctional molecules engage target proteins to be degraded by either the cellular degradation machinery in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) or via the autophagy-lysosome degradation pathway. Although the application of PROTACs technology is preferable than oligonucleotide and antibodies for treatment of NDs, many limitations such as their pharmacokinetic properties, tissue distribution and cell permeabilities, still need to be corrected. Herein, we review the recent advances in PROTACs technology with their limitation for pharmaceutical targeting of aberrant proteins involved in Alzheimer's diseases. We also review therapeutic potential of dysregulated signaling such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Corresponding author. Contact: ,
| | - Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Corresponding author. Contact: ,
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15
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Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify mechanisms of BET bromodomain inhibitor sensitivity. iScience 2021; 24:103323. [PMID: 34805786 PMCID: PMC8581576 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain inhibitors hold promise as therapeutic agents in diverse indications, but their clinical progression has been challenging and none have received regulatory approval. Early clinical trials in cancer have shown heterogeneous clinical responses, development of resistance, and adverse events. Increased understanding of their mechanism(s) of action and identification of biomarkers are needed to identify appropriate indication(s) and achieve efficacious dosing. Using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens at different concentrations, we report molecular mechanisms defining cellular responses to BET inhibitors, some of which appear specific to a single compound concentration. We identify multiple transcriptional regulators and mTOR pathway members as key determinants of JQ1 sensitivity and two Ca2+/Mn2+ transporters, ATP2C1 and TMEM165, as key determinants of JQ1 resistance. Our study reveals new molecular mediators of BET bromodomain inhibitor effects, suggests the involvement of manganese, and provides a rich resource for discovery of biomarkers and targets for combination therapies. CRISPR screens identify genes regulating sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors Sensitivity and resistance hit lists are concentration-dependent mTOR pathway mediates sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors Manganese regulates sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibitors
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16
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Liu L, Yang C, Candelario-Jalil E. Role of BET Proteins in Inflammation and CNS Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:748449. [PMID: 34604312 PMCID: PMC8481655 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.748449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins consist of four mammalian members (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT), which play a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of the inflammatory response. Dysregulated inflammation is a key pathological process in various CNS disorders through multiple mechanisms, including NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways, two well-known master regulators of inflammation. A better mechanistic understanding of the BET proteins’ role in regulating the inflammatory process is of great significance since it could reveal novel therapeutic targets to reduce neuroinflammation associated with many CNS diseases. In this minireview, we first outline the structural features of BET proteins and summarize genetic and pharmacological approaches for BET inhibition, including novel strategies using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). We emphasize in vitro and in vivo evidence of the interplay between BET proteins and NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Finally, we summarize recent studies showing that BET proteins are essential regulators of inflammation and neuropathology in various CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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17
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Gong Z, Liu G, Liu W, Zou H, Song R, Zhao H, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Zhu J, Liu Z. The epigenetic regulator BRD4 is involved in cadmium-triggered inflammatory response in rat kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112620. [PMID: 34392152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been described as a potential inflammatory inducer, while increasing evidence shows that inappropriate inflammation is a contributing factor to kidney injury. Hence, research on Cd-triggered inflammatory response is of great significance for elucidating the mechanism of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4) is an important epigenetic regulator involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, but its regulatory roles in Cd-triggered inflammatory response remain to be clarified. Here, we found that treatment with Cd in Sprague-Dawley rats (2 mg/kg bw, i.p., 5 consecutive days) and in rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E, 0-10 μM, 12 h) induced the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, which could be reduced by JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor, 25 mg/kg bw, i.p., 3 consecutive days in vivo; 0.5 μM, 12 h in vitro) or BRD4 small interfering RNA (siRNA, in vitro), suggesting that BRD4 participates in Cd-triggered inflammatory response. Next, our study clarified the roles of BRD4 in Cd-triggered inflammatory response. The inhibition of BRD4 decreased Cd-promoted NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation in vivo and in vitro. Cd increased the acetylation level of RelA K310 and enhanced BRD4 binding to acetylated NF-κB RelA in vivo and in vitro, which were abrogated by inhibiting BRD4. In summary, our study suggests that BRD4 is involved in Cd-triggered transcription of inflammatory cytokines by mediating the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing itself binding to acetylated NF-κB RelA in rat kidney, therefore, BRD4 could be a potential therapeutic target for Cd-induced renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China.
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An optimized BRD4 inhibitor effectively eliminates NF-κB-driven triple-negative breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105158. [PMID: 34378541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of NF-κB's RelA subunit at lysine-310 (AcLys310) helps to maintain constitutive NF-κB activity in cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bromodomain-containing factor BRD4 binds to acetylated RelA to promote the activity of NF-κB. Hence, interfering with the acetylated RelA-BRD4 interaction is a potential strategy for treating NF-κB-driven TNBC. Here, a new compound 13a was obtained by structural optimization and modification of our previously reported compound. In comparison with the well-known BRD4 inhibitor (+)-JQ1, 13a showed more potent anticancer activity in NF-κB-active MDA-MB-231 cells. Mechanistically, 13a antagonized the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between BRD4 and acetylated RelA, decreased levels of IL-6, IL-8, Snail, Vimentin, and ZEB1, induced cell senescence and DNA damage, and weakened the adhesion, metastasis, and invasion ability of TNBC cells. Our results provide insights into avenues for the further development of potent BRD4-acetylated RelA PPI inhibitors. Moreover, our findings highlight the effectiveness and feasibility of blocking the interaction between BRD4 and acetylated RelA against NF-κB-active cancers, and of screening antagonists of this PPI.
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O’Garro C, Igbineweka L, Ali Z, Mezei M, Mujtaba S. The Biological Significance of Targeting Acetylation-Mediated Gene Regulation for Designing New Mechanistic Tools and Potential Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030455. [PMID: 33803759 PMCID: PMC8003229 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular interplay between nucleosomal packaging and the chromatin landscape regulates the transcriptional programming and biological outcomes of downstream genes. An array of epigenetic modifications plays a pivotal role in shaping the chromatin architecture, which controls DNA access to the transcriptional machinery. Acetylation of the amino acid lysine is a widespread epigenetic modification that serves as a marker for gene activation, which intertwines the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the regulation of signaling during stress. The biochemical horizon of acetylation ranges from orchestrating the stability and cellular localization of proteins that engage in the cell cycle to DNA repair and metabolism. Furthermore, lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) modulate the functions of transcription factors that govern cellular response to microbial infections, genotoxic stress, and inflammation. Due to their central role in many biological processes, mutations in KATs cause developmental and intellectual challenges and metabolic disorders. Despite the availability of tools for detecting acetylation, the mechanistic knowledge of acetylation-mediated cellular processes remains limited. This review aims to integrate molecular and structural bases of KAT functions, which would help design highly selective tools for understanding the biology of KATs toward developing new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenise O’Garro
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Loveth Igbineweka
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zonaira Ali
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Shiraz Mujtaba
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen L, Zhong X, Cao W, Mao M, Li W, Yang H, Li M, Shi M, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Zu X, Liu J. JQ1 as a BRD4 Inhibitor Blocks Inflammatory Pyroptosis-Related Acute Colon Injury Induced by LPS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609319. [PMID: 33679744 PMCID: PMC7930386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a severe inflammation response induced by infection especially bacterial endotoxin translocation, which severely increases mortality in combination with acute colon injury. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an important Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein to participate in inflammatory responses. However, it is still unknown about the specific connection between BRD4 and inflammation-related pyroptosis in endotoxemia colon. Here, through evaluating the mucous morphology and the expression of tight junction proteins such as occludin and ZO1, we found the upregulation of BRD4 in damaged colon with poor tight junction in an endotoxemia mouse model induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Firstly, the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 was used to effectively protect colon tight junction in endotoxemia. As detected, high levels of pro-inflammation cytokines IL6, IL1β and IL18 in endotoxemia colon were reversed by JQ1 pretreatment. In addition, JQ1 injection reduced endotoxemia-induced elevation of the phosphorylated NF κB and NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 inflammasome complex in colon injury. Furthermore, activated pyroptosis markers gasdermins in endotoxemia colon were also blocked by JQ1 pretreatment. Together, our data indicate that BRD4 plays a critical role in regulating pyroptosis-related colon injury induced by LPS, and JQ1 as a BRD4 inhibitors can effectively protect colon from endotoxemia-induced inflammation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mingli Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Menglin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yincheng Deng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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21
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Wen D, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Huang Z, Cui L, Wu T, Liu CY. Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) protein inhibition suppresses tumor progression and inhibits HGF-MET signaling through targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165923. [PMID: 32800944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors suppresses the gene expressions of various oncogenes and shows a good efficacy in the preclinical CRC models. We investigate the mechanism of action of BET inhibitors in CRC. METHODS The effect of BET inhibitor (JQ1) on the HGF-MET signaling was assessed by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining in CRC and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The effect of JQ1 on the CAFs was investigated using the primary CAFs derived from CRC tissues and induced-CAFs derived from isolating foreskin fibroblasts. The effect of JQ1 on the gene expression profile of CAFs was explored by RNA-sequence, qPCR and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS JQ1 decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MET in CRC cells and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of HGF in both CRC cells and CAFs. JQ1 attenuated the pro-migratory activity of CAFs through downregulation of HGF expression in CAFs. Meanwhile, JQ1 also reduced the ability of contracting collagen gels, decreased the cell proliferation, induced G1 arrest and repressed the pro-inflammatory gene expressions in CAFs. MYC expression was suppressed by JQ1 in CAFs. Knockdown of MYC induced G1 arrest in CAFs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of BET inhibition on the HGF-MET signaling and the pro-tumor activity of CAFs, revealing a new mechanism by which BET inhibition suppresses CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpeng Wen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People' s Hospital, People' s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People' s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhehui Zhu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingyu Wu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China.
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22
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Wang H, Fu H, Zhu R, Wu X, Ji X, Li X, Jiang H, Lin Z, Tang X, Sun S, Chen J, Wang X, Li Q, Ji Y, Chen H. BRD4 contributes to LPS-induced macrophage senescence and promotes progression of atherosclerosis-associated lipid uptake. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9240-9259. [PMID: 32392533 PMCID: PMC7288959 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is closely associated with atherosclerosis. Macrophages accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerotic lesions are known to contain senescent cells, the mechanism underlying the formation of senescent macrophages during atherosclerosis is still unclear. In this study, macrophages with different origins were collected, including THP-1 macrophages, telomerase reverse transcriptase knock out (Tert-/-) mouse peritoneal macrophages, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the formation of senescent macrophages, which was typified by the morphological changes, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretory, and persistent DNA damage response. Mechanistically, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a chromosomal binding protein related to gene expression, was found to play a key role in the pathological process, which could offer new therapeutic perspectives. Inhibition of BRD4 by siBRD4 or inhibitors such as JQ-1 or I-BET762 prevented the aging of macrophages and lipid accumulation in the LPS-induced senescent macrophages by decreasing expression of SASP in autocrine and paracrine senescence. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of the pathobiology of age-associated diseases and may guide future studies on targeted clinical drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruigong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Hong J, Li S, Markova DZ, Liang A, Kepler CK, Huang Y, Zhou J, Yan J, Chen W, Huang D, Xu K, Ye W. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibition alleviates matrix degradation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NP cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5736-5749. [PMID: 31975410 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance between matrix synthesis and degradation is the hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration while inflammatory cytokines contribute to the imbalance. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammation, and inhibition of BRD4, a vital member of BET family, plays an anti-inflammatory role in many diseases. However, it remains elusive whether BRD4 plays a similar role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and participates in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. The present study aims to observe whether BRD4 inhibition regulates matrix metabolism by controlling autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Besides, the relationship was investigated among nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in NP cells. Here, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and adenoviral GFP-LC3 vector transduction in vitro were used, and it was revealed that BRD4 inhibition alleviated the matrix degradation and increased autophagy in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, p65 knockdown or treatment with JQ1 and Bay11-7082 demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activity through NF-κB signaling, while autophagy inhibition by bafilomycin A1 promoted matrix degradation and NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NP cells. In addition, analysis of BRD4 messenger RNA expression in human NP tissues further verified the destructive function of BRD4. Simply, BRD4 inhibition alleviates matrix degradation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity through NF-κB signaling in NP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangxing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The fifth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansen Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The fifth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Experimental Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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24
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Morgado-Pascual JL, Rayego-Mateos S, Tejedor L, Suarez-Alvarez B, Ruiz-Ortega M. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Proteins as Novel Epigenetic Targets for Renal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31780938 PMCID: PMC6857099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation and histone modifications, are dynamic processes that regulate the gene expression transcriptional program in normal and diseased states. The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein family (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) are epigenetic readers that, via bromodomains, regulate gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and master transcriptional factors. Experimental data have demonstrated the involvement of some BET proteins in many pathological conditions, including tumor development, infections, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Selective bromodomain inhibitors are epigenetic drugs that block the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated proteins, thus exerting beneficial effects. Recent data have described the beneficial effect of BET inhibition on experimental renal diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of environmental modifications in the origin of pathological features in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Several cellular processes such as oxidation, metabolic disorders, cytokines, inflammation, or accumulated uremic toxins may induce epigenetic modifications that regulate key processes involved in renal damage and in other pathological conditions observed in CKD patients. Here, we review how targeting bromodomains in BET proteins may regulate essential processes involved in renal diseases and in associated complications found in CKD patients, such as cardiovascular damage, highlighting the potential of epigenetic therapeutic strategies against BET proteins for CKD treatment and associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Erkes DA, Field CO, Capparelli C, Tiago M, Purwin TJ, Chervoneva I, Berger AC, Hartsough EJ, Villanueva J, Aplin AE. The next-generation BET inhibitor, PLX51107, delays melanoma growth in a CD8-mediated manner. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:687-696. [PMID: 31063649 PMCID: PMC6697571 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic agents such as bromodomain and extra-terminal region inhibitors (BETi) slow tumor growth via tumor intrinsic alterations; however, their effects on antitumor immunity remain unclear. A recent advance is the development of next-generation BETi that are potent and display a favorable half-life. Here, we tested the BETi, PLX51107, for immune-based effects on tumor growth in BRAF V600E melanoma syngeneic models. PLX51107 delayed melanoma tumor growth and increased activated, proliferating, and functional CD8+ T cells in tumors leading to CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor growth delay. PLX51107 decreased Cox2 expression, increased dendritic cells, and lowered PD-L1, FasL, and IDO-1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, PLX51107 delayed the growth of tumors that progressed on anti-PD-1 therapy; a response associated with decreased Cox2 levels, decreased PD-L1 expression on non-immune cells, and increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Thus, next-generation BETi represent a potential first-line and secondary treatment strategy for metastatic melanoma by eliciting effects, at least in part, on antitumor CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A. Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Conroy O. Field
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Claudia Capparelli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Manoela Tiago
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J. Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam C. Berger
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Edward J. Hartsough
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Jessie Villanueva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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26
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Ren Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Role of Brd4 in the production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages treated with titanium particles. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1028-1034. [PMID: 31330113 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brd4 protein is an important epigenetic regulator involved in the process of inflammatory cytokine production in many diseases. However, whether and how Brd4 participates in the process of wear-particle-induced inflammation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Brd4 in titanium (Ti) particle-induced inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our experiment detected Brd4 expressed in both normal synovium and periprosthetic osteolysis interface membrane, but the expression increased in the interface membrane as compared with that in normal synovium. Treatment with Ti particles significantly increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production in RAW264.7 cells, which was inhibited by JQ1 or Brd4-siRNA. Ti particles enhanced the expression of Brd4, which was abrogated by JQ1. Ti particles enhanced NF-κB p65 and IKK phosphorylation and attenuated IκBα protein expression, which were abrogated by JQ1. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that Ti particles promoted the binding of Brd4 to acetylated NF-κB p65 (lysine-310), which was also abrogated in JQ1-treated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, Brd4 expression increases in interface membrane and Brd4 participates in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by Ti particles via promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling and binding to acetylated NF-κB p65 (lysine-310) in mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
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27
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Yang YM, Shi RH, Xu CX, Li L. BRD4 expression in patients with essential hypertension and its effect on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:e107-e117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Wang H, Huang W, Liang M, Shi Y, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu M, Shou Y, Yin H, Zhu X, Sun X, Hu Y, Shen Z. (+)-JQ1 attenuated LPS-induced microglial inflammation via MAPK/NFκB signaling. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 30479742 PMCID: PMC6245926 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia activation is a crucial event in neurodegenerative disease. The depression of microglial inflammatory response is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. NFκB signaling, including IKK/IκB phosphotylation, p65 nucelus relocalization and NFκB-related genes transcription are prevalent accepted to play important role in microglial activation. (+)-JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor firstly discovered as an anti-tumor agent, was later confirmed to be an anti-inflammatory compound. However, its anti-inflammatory effect in microglia and central neural system remains unclear. Results In the current work, microglial BV2 cells were applied and treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and later administered with (+)-JQ1. In parallel, LPS and (+)-JQ1 was intracerebroventricular injected in IL-1β-luc transgenic mice, followed by fluorescence evaluation and brain tissue collection. Results showed that (+)-JQ1 treatment could significantly reduce LPS induced transcription of inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. (+)-JQ1 could inhibit LPS induced MAPK but not PI3K signaling phosphorylation, NFκB relocalization and transcription activity. In animal experiments, (+)-JQ1 postponed LPS induced microglial and astrocytes activation, which was also dependent on MAPK/NFκB signaling. Conclusions Thus, our data demonstrated that (+)-JQ1 could inhibit LPS induced microglia associated neuroinflammation, via the attenuation of MAPK/NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- 2Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Meihao Liang
- 2Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Yingying Shi
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chixiao Zhang
- 2Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Qin Li
- 2Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Meng Liu
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Shou
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongping Yin
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozheng Zhu
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- 3School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hu
- 1School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- 2Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 182, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013 China
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Felisbino MB, McKinsey TA. Epigenetics in Cardiac Fibrosis: Emphasis on Inflammation and Fibroblast Activation. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:704-715. [PMID: 30456341 PMCID: PMC6234501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications to nucleosomal DNA and histone tails greatly influence transcription of adjacent and distant genes, a mode of gene regulation referred to as epigenetic control. Here, the authors summarize recent findings that have illustrated crucial roles for epigenetic regulatory enzymes and reader proteins in the control of cardiac fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic regulation of stress-induced inflammation and fibroblast activation in the heart. The potential of developing innovative small molecule "epigenetic therapies" to combat cardiac fibrosis is highlighted.
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Key Words
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BET, bromodomain and extraterminal protein
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- IL, interleukin
- KDM, lysine demethylase
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- SASP, senescent-associated secretory phenotype
- SE, super-enhancer
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TET, ten-eleven translocation
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSA, trichostatin A
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- VPA, valproic acid
- epigenetics
- fibroblast
- fibrosis
- inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Felisbino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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30
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Lee M, Tayyari F, Pinnaduwage D, Bayani J, Bartlett JMS, Mulligan AM, Bull SB, Andrulis IL. Tumoral BRD4 expression in lymph node-negative breast cancer: association with T-bet+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and disease-free survival. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:750. [PMID: 30029633 PMCID: PMC6053709 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously observed that T-bet+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (T-bet+ TILs) in primary breast tumors were associated with adverse clinicopathological features, yet favorable clinical outcome. We identified BRD4 (Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4), a member of the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal domain (BET) family, as a gene that distinguished T-bet+/high and T-bet−/low tumors. In clinical studies, BET inhibitors have been shown to suppress inflammation in various cancers, suggesting a potential link between BRD4 and immune infiltration in cancer. Hence, we examined the BRD4 expression and clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Methods The cohort consisted of a prospectively ascertained consecutive series of women with axillary node-negative breast cancer with long follow-up. Gene expression microarray data were used to detect mRNAs differentially expressed between T-bet+/high (n = 6) and T-bet−/low (n = 41) tumors. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from tumors of 612 women were used to quantify expression of BRD4 by immunohistochemistry, which was analyzed for its association with T-bet+ TILs, Jagged1, clinicopathological features, and disease-free survival. Results Microarray analysis indicated that BRD4 mRNA expression was up to 44-fold higher in T-bet+/high tumors compared to T-bet−/low tumors (p = 5.38E-05). Immunohistochemical expression of BRD4 in cancer cells was also shown to be associated with T-bet+ TILs (p = 0.0415) as well as with Jagged1 mRNA and protein expression (p = 0.0171, 0.0010 respectively). BRD4 expression correlated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0049), pre-menopausal status (p = 0.0018), and high Ki-67 proliferative index (p = 0.0009). Women with high tumoral BRD4 expression in the absence of T-bet+ TILs exhibited a significantly poorer outcome (log rank test p = 0.0165) relative to other subgroups. Conclusions The association of BRD4 expression with T-bet+ TILs, and T-bet+ TIL-dependent disease-free survival suggests a potential link between BRD4-mediated tumor development and tumor immune surveillance, possibly through BRD4’s regulation of Jagged1 signaling pathways. Further understanding BRD4’s role in different immune contexts may help to identify an appropriate subset of breast cancer patients who may benefit from BET inhibitors without the risk of diminishing the anti-tumoral immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Farnoosh Tayyari
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dushanthi Pinnaduwage
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jane Bayani
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley B Bull
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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31
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Russell JO, Ko S, Saggi HS, Singh S, Poddar M, Shin D, Monga SP. Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) Proteins Regulate Hepatocyte Proliferation in Hepatocyte-Driven Liver Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1389-1405. [PMID: 29545201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins recruit key components of basic transcriptional machinery to promote gene expression. Aberrant expression and mutations in BET genes have been identified in many malignancies. Small molecule inhibitors of BET proteins such as JQ1 have shown efficacy in preclinical cancer models, including affecting growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. BET proteins also regulate cell proliferation in nontumor settings. We recently showed that BET proteins regulate cholangiocyte-driven liver regeneration. Here, we studied the role of BET proteins in hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration in partial hepatectomy (PHx) and acetaminophen-induced liver injury models in mice and zebrafish. JQ1 was injected 2 or 16 hours after PHx in mice to determine effect on hepatic injury, regeneration, and signaling. Mice treated with JQ1 after PHx displayed increased liver injury and a near-complete inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation. Levels of Ccnd1 mRNA and Cyclin D1 protein were reduced in animals injected with JQ1 16 hours after PHx and were even further reduced in animals injected with JQ1 2 hours after PHx. JQ1-treated zebrafish larvae after acetaminophen-induced injury also displayed notably impaired hepatocyte proliferation. In both models, Wnt signaling was prominently suppressed by JQ1. Our results show that BET proteins regulate hepatocyte proliferation-driven liver regeneration, and Wnt signaling is particularly sensitive to BET protein inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn O Russell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvinder S Saggi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donghun Shin
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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32
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Suarez-Alvarez B, Morgado-Pascual JL, Rayego-Mateos S, Rodriguez RM, Rodrigues-Diez R, Cannata-Ortiz P, Sanz AB, Egido J, Tharaux PL, Ortiz A, Lopez-Larrea C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Inhibition of Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Family Proteins Ameliorates Experimental Renal Damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:504-519. [PMID: 27436852 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation has a key role in the onset and progression of immune- and nonimmune-mediated renal diseases. Therefore, the search for novel anti-inflammatory pharmacologic targets is of great interest in renal pathology. JQ1, a small molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, was previously found to preserve renal function in experimental polycystic kidney disease. We report here that JQ1-induced BET inhibition modulated the in vitro expression of genes involved in several biologic processes, including inflammation and immune responses. Gene silencing of BRD4, an important BET protein, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that JQ1 alters the direct association of BRD4 with acetylated histone-packaged promoters and reduces the transcription of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, CCL-2, and CCL-5). In vivo, JQ1 abrogated experimental renal inflammation in murine models of unilateral ureteral obstruction, antimembrane basal GN, and infusion of Angiotensin II. Notably, JQ1 downregulated the expression of several genes controlled by the NF-κB pathway, a key inflammatory signaling pathway. The RelA NF-κB subunit is activated by acetylation of lysine 310. In damaged kidneys and cytokine-stimulated renal cells, JQ1 reduced the nuclear levels of RelA NF-κB. Additionally, JQ1 dampened the activation of the Th17 immune response in experimental renal damage. Our results show that inhibition of BET proteins reduces renal inflammation by several mechanisms: chromatin remodeling in promoter regions of specific genes, blockade of NF-κB pathway activation, and modulation of the Th17 immune response. These results suggest that inhibitors of BET proteins could have important therapeutic applications in inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, REDINREN, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raul Rodrigues-Diez
- Nephrology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana B Sanz
- Dialysis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Nephrology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Renal Research Retics (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Dialysis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Nephrology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Renal Research Retics (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, REDINREN, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Nephrology Department and
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Wollebo HS, Bellizzi A, Cossari DH, Salkind J, Safak M, White MK. The Brd4 acetyllysine-binding protein is involved in activation of polyomavirus JC. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:615-625. [PMID: 27007123 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brd4 is an epigenetic reader protein and a member of the BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain) family of proteins with two bromodomains that recognize acetylated lysine residues. Brd4 specifically binds to acetylated transcription factor NF-κB p65 and coactivates transcription. Polyomavirus JC (JCV) is regulated by a noncoding control region (NCCR) containing promoter/enhancer elements for viral gene expression including a binding site for NF-κB, which responds to proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, the DNA damage response, calcium signaling and acetylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit on lysine residues K218 and K221. Earlier studies indicated that NF-κB is involved in the reactivation of persistent/latent JCV in glial cells to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease of the brain caused by replication of JCV in glial cells. To investigate the mechanism of action of NF-κB acetylation on JCV transcription, we examined Brd4 and found that JCV early transcription was stimulated by Brd4 via the JCV NF-κB site and that p65 K218 and K221 were involved. Treatment with the Brd4 inhibitor JQ1(+) or mutation of either K218 or K221 to glutamine (K218R or K221) inhibited this stimulation and decreased the proportion of p65 in the nucleus. We conclude that Brd4 is involved in the regulation of the activation status of JCV in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen S Wollebo
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dominique H Cossari
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Julian Salkind
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mahmut Safak
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Martyn K White
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Stratton MS, McKinsey TA. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:206-13. [PMID: 26876451 PMCID: PMC4987078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. In the heart, fibrosis may be reparative, replacing areas of myocyte loss with a structural scar following infarction, or reactive, which is triggered in the absence of cell death and involves interstitial ECM deposition in response to long-lasting stress. Interstitial fibrosis can increase the passive stiffness of the myocardium, resulting in impaired relaxation and diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, fibrosis can lead to disruption of electrical conduction in the heart, causing arrhythmias, and can limit myocyte oxygen availability and thus exacerbate myocardial ischemia. Here, we review recent studies that have illustrated key roles for epigenetic events in the control of pro-fibrotic gene expression, and highlight the potential of small molecules that target epigenetic regulators as a means of treating fibrotic cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Center for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, United States
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Center for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, United States.
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35
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Wei S, Sun Y, Sha H. Therapeutic targeting of BET protein BRD4 delays murine lupus. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:314-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) benefits rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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