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Shouib R, Eitzen G. Inflammatory gene regulation by Cdc42 in airway epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111321. [PMID: 39067837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cytokine release from airway epithelial cells is a key immunological process that coordinates an immune response in the lungs. We propose that the Rho GTPase, Cdc42, regulates both transcription and trafficking of cytokines, ultimately affecting the essential process of cytokine release and subsequent inflammation in the lungs. Here, we examined the pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile that occurs in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in response to TNF-α using RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis. To interrogate the role of Cdc42 in inflammatory gene expression, we used a pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42, ML141, and determined changes in the transcriptomic profile induced by Cdc42 inhibition. Our results indicated that Cdc42 inhibition with ML141 resulted in a unique inflammatory phenotype concomitant with increased gene expression of ER stress genes, Golgi membrane and vesicle transport genes. To further interrogate the inflammatory pathways regulated by Cdc42, we made BEAS-2B knockdown strains for the signaling targets TRIB3, DUSP5, SESN2 and BMP4, which showed high differential expression in response to Cdc42 inhibition. Depletion of DUSP5 and TRIB3 reduced the pro-inflammatory response triggered by Cdc42 inhibition as shown by a reduction in cytokine transcript levels. Depletion of SESN2 and BMP4 did not affect cytokine transcript level, however, Golgi fragmentation was reduced. These results provide further evidence that in airway epithelial cells, Cdc42 is part of a signaling network that controls inflammatory gene expression and secretion by regulating Golgi integrity. Summary sentence:We define the Cdc42-regulated gene networks for inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells which includes regulation of ER stress response and vesicle trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowayna Shouib
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Eitzen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Jiménez J, Mishra R, Wang X, Magee CM, Bonning BC. Composition and abundance of midgut plasma membrane proteins in two major hemipteran vectors of plant viruses, Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22133. [PMID: 39054788 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple species within the order Hemiptera cause severe agricultural losses on a global scale. Aphids and whiteflies are of particular importance due to their role as vectors for hundreds of plant viruses, many of which enter the insect via the gut. To facilitate the identification of novel targets for disruption of plant virus transmission, we compared the relative abundance and composition of the gut plasma membrane proteomes of adult Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), representing the first study comparing the gut plasma membrane proteomes of two different insect species. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from dissected guts, and proteins extracted, identified and quantified from triplicate samples via timsTOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1699 B. tabaci and 1175 M. persicae proteins were identified. Following bioinformatics analysis and manual curation, 151 B. tabaci and 115 M. persicae proteins were predicted to localize to the plasma membrane of the gut microvilli. These proteins were further categorized based on molecular function and biological process according to Gene Ontology terms. The most abundant gut plasma membrane proteins were identified. The ten plasma membrane proteins that differed in abundance between the two insect species were associated with the terms "protein binding" and "viral processes." In addition to providing insight into the gut physiology of hemipteran insects, these gut plasma membrane proteomes provide context for appropriate identification of plant virus receptors based on a combination of bioinformatic prediction and protein localization on the surface of the insect gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Jiménez
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ciara M Magee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Shen J, Su X, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhong C, Huang Y, Duan S. RhoJ: an emerging biomarker and target in cancer research and treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00792-6. [PMID: 38858534 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
RhoJ is a Rho GTPase that belongs to the Cdc42 subfamily and has a molecular weight of approximately 21 kDa. It can activate the p21-activated kinase family either directly or indirectly, influencing the activity of various downstream effectors and playing a role in regulating the cytoskeleton, cell movement, and cell cycle. RhoJ's expression and activity are controlled by multiple upstream factors at different levels, including expression, subcellular localization, and activation. High RhoJ expression is generally associated with a poor prognosis for cancer patients and is mainly due to an increased number of tumor blood vessels and abnormal expression in malignant cells. RhoJ promotes tumor progression through several pathways, particularly in tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance. Clinical data also indicates that high RhoJ expression is closely linked to the pathological features of tumor malignancy. There are various cancer treatment methods that target RhoJ signaling, such as direct binding to inhibit the RhoJ effector pocket, inhibiting RhoJ expression, blocking RhoJ upstream and downstream signals, and indirectly inhibiting RhoJ's effect. RhoJ is an emerging cancer biomarker and a significant target for future cancer clinical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinming Su
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shana Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Read CB, Ali AN, Stephenson DJ, Macknight HP, Maus KD, Cockburn CL, Kim M, Xie X, Carlyon JA, Chalfant CE. Ceramide-1-phosphate is a regulator of Golgi structure and is co-opted by the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum. mBio 2024; 15:e0029924. [PMID: 38415594 PMCID: PMC11005342 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00299-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular pathogens structurally disrupt the Golgi apparatus as an evolutionarily conserved promicrobial strategy. Yet, the host factors and signaling processes involved are often poorly understood, particularly for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. We found that A. phagocytophilum elevated cellular levels of the bioactive sphingolipid, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), to promote Golgi fragmentation that enables bacterial proliferation, conversion from its non-infectious to infectious form, and productive infection. A. phagocytophilum poorly infected mice deficient in ceramide kinase, the Golgi-localized enzyme responsible for C1P biosynthesis. C1P regulated Golgi morphology via activation of a PKCα/Cdc42/JNK signaling axis that culminates in phosphorylation of Golgi structural proteins, GRASP55 and GRASP65. siRNA-mediated depletion of Cdc42 blocked A. phagocytophilum from altering Golgi morphology, which impaired anterograde trafficking of trans-Golgi vesicles into and maturation of the pathogen-occupied vacuole. Cells overexpressing phosphorylation-resistant versions of GRASP55 and GRASP65 presented with suppressed C1P- and A. phagocytophilum-induced Golgi fragmentation and poorly supported infection by the bacterium. By studying A. phagocytophilum, we identify C1P as a regulator of Golgi structure and a host factor that is relevant to disease progression associated with Golgi fragmentation.IMPORTANCECeramide-1-phosphate (C1P), a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates diverse processes vital to mammalian physiology, is linked to disease states such as cancer, inflammation, and wound healing. By studying the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, we discovered that C1P is a major regulator of Golgi morphology. A. phagocytophilum elevated C1P levels to induce signaling events that promote Golgi fragmentation and increase vesicular traffic into the pathogen-occupied vacuole that the bacterium parasitizes. As several intracellular microbial pathogens destabilize the Golgi to drive their infection cycles and changes in Golgi morphology is also linked to cancer and neurodegenerative disorder progression, this study identifies C1P as a potential broad-spectrum therapeutic target for infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis B. Read
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anika N. Ali
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J. Stephenson
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - H. Patrick Macknight
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Maus
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chelsea L. Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xiujie Xie
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason A. Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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5
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Hu X, Gan L, Tang Z, Lin R, Liang Z, Li F, Zhu C, Han X, Zheng R, Shen J, Yu J, Luo N, Peng W, Tan J, Li X, Fan J, Wen Q, Wang X, Li J, Zheng X, Liu Q, Guo J, Shi G, Mao H, Chen W, Yin S, Zhou Y. A Natural Small Molecule Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Cdc42-mediated GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307850. [PMID: 38240457 PMCID: PMC10987128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), eventually leading to renal dysfunction. Yet, no effective treatment for this pathological process has been achieved. During the bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the medicinal plant Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a daphne diterpenoid, daphnepedunin A (DA), is characterized as a promising anti-renal fibrotic lead. DA shows significant anti-kidney fibrosis effects in cultured renal fibroblasts and unilateral ureteral obstructed mice, being more potent than the clinical trial drug pirfenidone. Leveraging the thermal proteome profiling strategy, cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) is identified as the direct target of DA. Mechanistically, DA targets to reduce Cdc42 activity and down-regulates its downstream phospho-protein kinase Cζ(p-PKCζ)/phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), thereby promoting β-catenin Ser33/37/Thr41 phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis to block classical pro-fibrotic β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis, and highlight DA as a potent Cdc42 inhibitor for combating CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Hu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lu Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ziwen Tang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ruoni Lin
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Changjian Zhu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiani Shen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wenxing Peng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaqing Tan
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Guo‐Ping Shi
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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Ravichandran Y, Hänisch J, Murray K, Roca V, Dingli F, Loew D, Sabatet V, Boëda B, Stradal TE, Etienne-Manneville S. The distinct localization of CDC42 isoforms is responsible for their specific functions during migration. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202004092. [PMID: 38386112 PMCID: PMC10883850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The small G-protein CDC42 is an evolutionary conserved polarity protein and a key regulator of polarized cell functions, including directed cell migration. In vertebrates, alternative splicing gives rise to two CDC42 proteins: the ubiquitously expressed isoform (CDC42u) and the brain isoform (CDC42b), which only differ in their carboxy-terminal sequence, including the CAAX motif essential for their association with membranes. We show that these divergent sequences do not directly affect the range of CDC42's potential binding partners but indirectly influence CDC42-driven signaling by controlling the subcellular localization of the two isoforms. In astrocytes and neural precursors, which naturally express both variants, CDC42u associates with the leading-edge plasma membrane of migrating cells, where it recruits the Par6-PKCζ complex to fulfill its polarity function. In contrast, CDC42b mainly localizes to intracellular membrane compartments, where it regulates N-WASP-mediated endocytosis. Both CDC42 isoforms contribute their specific functions to promote the chemotaxis of neural precursors, demonstrating that their expression pattern is decisive for tissue-specific cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Ravichandran
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jan Hänisch
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kerren Murray
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Roca
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Sabatet
- PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Batiste Boëda
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Theresia E. Stradal
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Université de Paris, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Patwardhan R, Nanda S, Wagner J, Stockter T, Dehmelt L, Nalbant P. Cdc42 activity in the trailing edge is required for persistent directional migration of keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:br1. [PMID: 37910204 PMCID: PMC10881163 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts migrate discontinuously by generating transient leading-edge protrusions and irregular, abrupt retractions of a narrow trailing edge. In contrast, keratinocytes migrate persistently and directionally via a single, stable, broad protrusion paired with a stable trailing-edge. The Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are key regulators of cell protrusions and retractions. However, how these molecules mediate cell-type specific migration modes is still poorly understood. In fibroblasts, all three Rho proteins are active at the leading edge, suggesting short-range coordination of protrusive Rac1 and Cdc42 signals with RhoA retraction signals. Here, we show that Cdc42 was surprisingly active in the trailing-edge of migrating keratinocytes. Elevated Cdc42 activity colocalized with the effectors MRCK and N-WASP suggesting that Cdc42 controls both myosin activation and actin polymerization in the back. Indeed, Cdc42 was required to maintain the highly dynamic contractile acto-myosin retrograde flow at the trailing edge of keratinocytes, and its depletion induced ectopic protrusions in the back, leading to decreased migration directionality. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is required to stabilize the dynamic cytoskeletal polarization in keratinocytes, to enable persistent, directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Patwardhan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Suchet Nanda
- TU Dortmund University, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Stockter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- TU Dortmund University, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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8
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Qin K, Yu M, Fan J, Wang H, Zhao P, Zhao G, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang A, Schwartz Z, Hong J, Song L, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho SH, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC, Shi LL. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk. Genes Dis 2024; 11:103-134. [PMID: 37588235 PMCID: PMC10425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either through β-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the noncanonical pathway. Many of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body, establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways. This crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ processes. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems, including cancer and embryological defects, and can even cause embryonic lethality. The complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic treatments. However, both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be addressed. This review synthesized much of the current knowledge on the Wnt signaling pathway, beginning with the history of Wnt signaling. It thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling, including canonical, noncanonical Wnt/PCP, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Further description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular processes. Finally, this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Qin
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Yu
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zander Schwartz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lily Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Zhang G, Li L, Yang Z, Zhang C, Kang X. TMT-Based Proteomics Analysis of Senescent Nucleus Pulposus from Patients with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13236. [PMID: 37686041 PMCID: PMC10488253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain, a leading cause of disability worldwide, is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in approximately 40% of cases. Although nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence is a major contributor to IDD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We collected NP samples from IDD patients who had undergone spinal surgery. Healthy and senescent NP tissues (n = 3) were screened using the Pfirrmann grading system combined with immunohistochemistry, as well as hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, Alcian blue, and Masson staining. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified using quantitative TMT-based proteomics technology. Bioinformatics analyses included gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. In addition, immunofluorescence was used to verify protein expression. In total, 301 DEPs were identified in senescent NP tissues, including 92 upregulated and 209 downregulated proteins. In GO, DEPs were primarily associated with NF-kappaB transcription factor, extracellular regions, cellular protein metabolic processes, and post-translational protein modification. The enriched KEGG pathways included TGF-β, Wnt, RAP1, interleukin-17, extracellular matrix-receptor adhesion, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. PPI analysis demonstrated interactions between multiple proteins. Finally, immunofluorescence verified the expressions of MMP3, LUM, TIMP1, and CDC42 in senescent NP cells. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying senescent NP tissues in IDD patients. DEPs provide a basis for further investigation of the effects of senescent factors on IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Choi T, Qi Y, Wang Q, Li G, Zhao Y. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the inhibition mechanism of Cdc42 by RhoGDI1. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:301-312. [PMID: 37286854 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42), which controls a variety of cellular functions including rearrangements of the cell cytoskeleton, cell differentiation and proliferation, is a potential cancer therapeutic target. As an endogenous negative regulator of Cdc42, the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1) can prevent the GDP/GTP exchange of Cdc42 to maintain Cdc42 into an inactive state. To investigate the inhibition mechanism of Cdc42 through RhoGDI1 at the atomic level, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Without RhoGDI1, Cdc42 has more flexible conformations, especially in switch regions which are vital for binding GDP/GTP and regulators. In the presence of RhoGDI1, it not only can change the intramolecular interactions of Cdc42 but also can maintain the switch regions into a closed conformation through extensive interactions with Cdc42. These results which are consistent with findings of biochemical and mutational studies provide deep structural insights into the inhibition mechanisms of Cdc42 by RhoGDI1. These findings are beneficial for the development of novel therapies targeting Cdc42-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shiyao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuzheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guanyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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11
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Cui H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Ding Z. Intelectin enhances the phagocytosis of macrophages via CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis in Megalobrama amblycephala. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124027. [PMID: 36907302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin has been identified in various vertebrates and plays an important role in the host immune system. In our previous studies, recombinant Megalobrama amblycephala intelectin (rMaINTL) protein with excellent bacterial binding and agglutination activities enhances the phagocytic and killing activities of macrophages in M. amblycephala; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The present study showed that treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila and LPS induced the expression of rMaINTL in macrophages, and its level and distribution in macrophages or kidney tissue markedly increased after incubation or injection with rMaINTL. The cellular structure of macrophages was significantly affected after incubation with rMaINTL, resulting in an increased surface area and pseudopodia extension, which might contribute to enhancing the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Then, digital gene expression profiling analysis of the kidneys from rMaINTL-treated juvenile M. amblycephala identified some phagocytosis-related signaling factors that were enriched in pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blotting verified that rMaINTL upregulated the expression of CDC42, WASF2, and ARPC2 in vitro and in vivo; however, the expression of these proteins was inhibited by a CDC42 inhibitor in macrophages. Moreover, CDC42 mediated the promotion of rMaINTL on actin polymerization by increasing the F-actin/G-actin ratio, which led to the extension of pseudopodia and remodeling of the macrophage cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis by rMaINTL was blocked by the CDC42 inhibitor. These results suggested that rMaINTL induced the expression of CDC42 as well as the downstream signaling molecules WASF2 and ARPC2, thereby facilitating actin polymerization to promote cytoskeletal remodeling and phagocytosis. Overall, MaINTL enhanced the phagocytosis activity of macrophages in M. amblycephala via activation of the CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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12
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Wang DN, Ni JJ, Li JH, Gao YQ, Ni FJ, Zhang ZZ, Fang JY, Lu J, Yao YF. Bacterial infection promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via regulating CDC42 acetylation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011189. [PMID: 36812247 PMCID: PMC9987831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of bacteria in promoting tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanisms may be diverse and remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection leads to extensive de/acetylation changes in host cell proteins. The acetylation of mammalian cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a member of the Rho family of GTPases involved in many crucial signaling pathways in cancer cells, is drastically reduced after bacterial infection. CDC42 is deacetylated by SIRT2 and acetylated by p300/CBP. Non-acetylated CDC42 at lysine 153 shows an impaired binding of its downstream effector PAK4 and an attenuated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, consequently reduces cell apoptosis. The reduction in K153 acetylation also enhances the migration and invasion ability of colon cancer cells. The low level of K153 acetylation in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) predicts a poor prognosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a new mechanism of bacterial infection-induced promotion of colorectal tumorigenesis by modulation of the CDC42-PAK axis through manipulation of CDC42 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Phage, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Jing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (Y-FY)
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (Y-FY)
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13
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Li YY, Kuroki K, Shimakami T, Murai K, Kawaguchi K, Shirasaki T, Nio K, Sugimoto S, Nishikawa T, Okada H, Orita N, Takayama H, Wang Y, Thi Bich PD, Ishida A, Iwabuchi S, Hashimoto S, Shimaoka T, Tabata N, Watanabe-Takahashi M, Nishikawa K, Yanagawa H, Seiki M, Matsushima K, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Honda M. Hepatitis B Virus Utilizes a Retrograde Trafficking Route via the Trans-Golgi Network to Avoid Lysosomal Degradation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:533-558. [PMID: 36270602 PMCID: PMC9868690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is difficult to cure owing to the persistence of covalently closed circular viral DNA (cccDNA). We performed single-cell transcriptome analysis of newly established HBV-positive and HBV-negative hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and found that dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11) was crucially involved in HBV persistence. However, the roles of DOCK11 in the HBV lifecycle have not been clarified. METHODS The cccDNA levels were measured by Southern blotting and real-time detection polymerase chain reaction in various hepatocytes including PXB cells by using an HBV-infected model. The retrograde trafficking route of HBV capsid was investigated by super-resolution microscopy, proximity ligation assay, and time-lapse analysis. The downstream molecules of DOCK11 and underlying mechanism were examined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The cccDNA levels were strongly increased by DOCK11 overexpression and repressed by DOCK11 suppression. Interestingly, DOCK11 functionally associated with retrograde trafficking proteins in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), Arf-GAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat, and pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 2 (AGAP2), and ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), together with HBV capsid, to open an alternative retrograde trafficking route for HBV from early endosomes (EEs) to the TGN and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby avoiding lysosomal degradation. Clinically, DOCK11 levels in liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B were significantly reduced by entecavir treatment, and this reduction correlated with HBV surface antigen levels. CONCLUSIONS HBV uses a retrograde trafficking route via EEs-TGN-ER for infection that is facilitated by DOCK11 and serves to maintain cccDNA. Therefore, DOCK11 is a potential therapeutic target to prevent persistent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Saiho Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Phuong Doan Thi Bich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Astuya Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimaoka
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Kiyotaka Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Motoharu Seiki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
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14
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Shouib R, Eitzen G. Cdc42 regulates cytokine expression and trafficking in bronchial epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1069499. [PMID: 36618374 PMCID: PMC9816864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells can respond to incoming pathogens, allergens and stimulants through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These pro-inflammatory mediators activate inflammatory signaling cascades that allow a robust immune response to be mounted. However, uncontrolled production and release of cytokines and chemokines can result in chronic inflammation and appears to be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders such as asthma and COPD. The Rho GTPase, Cdc42, is an important signaling molecule that we hypothesize can regulate cytokine production and release from epithelial cells. We treated BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells with a set of stimulants to activate inflammatory pathways and cytokine release. The production, trafficking and secretion of cytokines were assessed when Cdc42 was pharmacologically inhibited with ML141 drug or silenced with lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown. We found that Cdc42 inhibition with ML141 differentially affected gene expression of a subset of cytokines; transcription of IL-6 and IL-8 were increased while MCP-1 was decreased. However, Cdc42 inhibition or depletion disrupted IL-8 trafficking and reduced its secretion even though transcription was increased. Cytokines transiting through the Golgi were particularly affected by Cdc42 disruption. Our results define a role for Cdc42 in the regulation of cytokine production and release in airway epithelial cells. This underscores the role of Cdc42 in coupling receptor activation to downstream gene expression and also as a regulator of cytokine secretory pathways.
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15
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Huang YRJ, Chiu SC, Tseng JS, Chen JMM, Wei TYW, Chu CY, Kao HTE, Yang CYO, Shih YCE, Yang TY, Chiu KY, Teng CLJ, Yu CTR. The JMJD6/HURP axis promotes cell migration via NF-κB-dependent centrosome repositioning and Cdc42-mediated Golgi repositioning. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4517-4530. [PMID: 36250981 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Golgi apparatus (GA) and centrosome reposition toward cell leading end during directional cell migration in a coupling way, thereby determining cell polarity by transporting essential factors to the proximal plasma membrane. The study provides mechanistic insights into how GA repositioning (GR) is regulated, and how GR and centrosome repositioning (CR) are coupled. Our previous published works reveals that PRMT5 methylates HURP at R122 and the HURP m122 inhibits GR and cell migration by stabilizing GA-associated acetyl-tubulin and then rigidifying GA. The current study further shows that the demethylase JMJD6-guided demethylation of HURP at R122 promotes GR and cell migration. The HURP methylation mimicking mutant 122 F blocks JMJD6-induced GR and cell migration, suggesting JMJD6 relays GR stimulating signal to HURP. Mechanistic studies reveal that the HURP methylation deficiency mutant 122 K promotes GR through NF-κB-induced CR and subsequently CR-dependent Cdc42 upregulation, where Cdc42 couples CR to GR. Taken together, HURP methylation statuses provide a unique opportunity to understand how GR is regulated, and the GA intrinsic mechanism controlling Golgi rigidity and the GA extrinsic mechanism involving NF-κB-CR-Cdc42 cascade collectively dictate GR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Sen Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Postdoctoral Scholar, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ting Eric Kao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | | | - Yong-Chun Erin Shih
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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16
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Del Giudice S, De Luca V, Parizadeh S, Russo D, Luini A, Di Martino R. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulatory Signaling in the Secretory Pathway: Role of Golgi Signaling Molecules in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833663. [PMID: 35399533 PMCID: PMC8984190 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic transport route that constitutes the secretory pathway plays a fundamental role in the cell, providing to the synthesis and transport of around one third of human proteins and most lipids. Signaling molecules within autoregulatory circuits on the intracellular membranes of the secretory pathway regulate these processes, especially at the level of the Golgi complex. Indeed, cancer cells can hijack several of these signaling molecules, and therefore also the underlying regulated processes, to bolster their growth or gain more aggressive phenotypes. Here, we review the most important autoregulatory circuits acting on the Golgi, emphasizing the role of specific signaling molecules in cancer. In fact, we propose to draw awareness to highlight the Golgi-localized regulatory systems as potential targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- *Correspondence: Alberto Luini, ; Rosaria Di Martino,
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18
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Fan M, Luo Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Chen T, Liu B, Sun Y, Nan Y, Hiscox JA, Zhao Q, Zhou EM. Cell Division Control Protein 42 Interacts With Hepatitis E Virus Capsid Protein and Participates in Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:775083. [PMID: 34790187 PMCID: PMC8591454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.775083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) causes viral hepatitis in humans worldwide, while a subset of HEV species, avian HEV, causes hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. To date, there are few reports on the host proteins interacting with HEV and being involved in viral infection. Previous pull-down assay combining mass spectrometry indicated that cell division control protein 42 (CDC42), a member belonging to the Rho GTPase family, was pulled down by avian HEV capsid protein. We confirmed the direct interaction between CDC42 and avian and mammalian HEV capsid proteins. The interaction can increase the amount of active guanosine triphosphate binding CDC42 state (GTP-CDC42). Subsequently, we determined that the expression and activity of CDC42 were positively correlated with HEV infection in the host cells. Using the different inhibitors of CDC42 downstream signaling pathways, we found that CDC42-MRCK (a CDC42-binding kinase)-non-myosin IIA (NMIIA) pathway is involved in naked avian and mammalian HEV infection, CDC42-associated p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-NMIIA/Cofilin pathway is involved in quasi-enveloped mammalian HEV infection and CDC42-neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-actin-polymerizing protein Arp2/3 pathway (CDC42-(N-)WASP-Arp2/3) pathway participates in naked and quasi-enveloped mammalian HEV infection. Collectively, these results demonstrated for the first time that HEV capsid protein can directly bind to CDC42, and non- and quasi-enveloped HEV use different CDC42 downstream signaling pathways to participate in viral infection. The study provided some new insights to understand the life cycle of HEV in host cells and a new target of drug design for combating HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuhang Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Okabayashi K, Nakamura M, Narita T. Cdc42 activates paracellular transport in polarised submandibular gland cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105276. [PMID: 34634536 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The physiological expression of cell division cycle 42 (cdc42) in major salivary glands, and paracellular transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) in SMIE cells, which regulate cdc42 expression, was investigated to clarify the involvement of cdc42 in salivary production. DESIGN The physiological expression of cdc42 in the rat submandibular gland, parotid gland, sublingual gland, and SMIE cells was detected using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The paracellular transport of FITC-dextran in transwells was compared in transfected SMIE cells, exhibiting up- or downregulated cdc42 expression. RESULTS Cdc42 was expressed in all major salivary glands and SMIE cells. SMIE cells transfected with the cdc42 plasmid had an increase efflux. In addition, SMIE cells transfected with the cdc42 siRNA showed decreased efflux. CONCLUSION We suggest that cdc42 enhances paracellular transport in salivary glands without any morphological changes, including cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okabayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Narita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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20
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FCHSD2 cooperates with CDC42 and N-WASP to regulate cell protrusion formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119134. [PMID: 34520816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Actin-based, finger-like cell protrusions such as microvilli and filopodia play important roles in epithelial cells. Several proteins have been identified to regulate cell protrusion formation, which helps us to learn about the underlying mechanism of this process. FCH domain and double SH3 domains containing protein 2 (FCHSD2) belongs to the FCH and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (F-BAR) protein family, containing an N-terminal F-BAR domain, two SH3 domains, and a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding interface (PBI). Previously, we found that FCHSD2 interacts with WASP/N-WASP and stimulates ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization in vitro. In the present work, we show that FCHSD2 promotes the formation of apical and lateral cell protrusions in cultured cells. Our data suggest that FCHSD2 cooperates with CDC42 and N-WASP in regulating apical cell protrusion formation. In line with this, biochemical studies reveal that FCHSD2 and CDC42 simultaneously bind to N-WASP, forming a protein complex. Interestingly, the F-BAR domain of FCHSD2 induces lateral cell protrusion formation independently of N-WASP. Furthermore, we show that the ability of FCHSD2 to induce cell protrusion formation requires its plasma membrane-binding ability. In summary, our present work suggests that FCHSD2 cooperates with CDC42 and N-WASP to regulate cell protrusion formation in a membrane-dependent manner.
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21
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Mitotic HOOK3 phosphorylation by ERK1c drives microtubule-dependent Golgi destabilization and fragmentation. iScience 2021; 24:102670. [PMID: 34189435 PMCID: PMC8215223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK1c is an alternatively spliced isoform of ERK1 that specifically regulates mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which allows division of the Golgi during mitosis. We have previously shown that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi during mitosis where it is activated by a resident MEK1b to induce Golgi fragmentation. However, the mechanism of ERK1c functions in the Golgi remained obscure. Here, we searched for ERK1c substrates and identified HOOK3 as a mediator of ERK1c-induced mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which requires a second phosphorylation by AuroraA for its function. In cycling cells, HOOK3 interacts with microtubules (MTs) and links them to the Golgi. Early in mitosis, HOOK3 is phosphorylated by ERK1c and later by AuroraA, resulting in HOOK3 detachment from the MTs, and elevated interaction with GM130. This detachment modulates Golgi stability and allows fragmentation of the Golgi. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of Golgi apparatus destabilization early in mitosis to allow mitotic progression. HOOK3 is a Golgi fragmentation-related substrate of ERK1c ERK1c phosphorylates HOOK3 on Ser238 and then AuroraA phosphorylates Ser707 Doubly phosphorylated HOOK3 detaches from microtubules and interacts with GM130 These changes destabilize the Golgi during mitosis and induce its fragmentation
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22
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Abstract
The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology. However, the unique stack structure of this organelle has been a major hurdle to our understanding of how proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we summarize available relevant research to gain an understanding of protein secretion via the Golgi complex. This includes the molecular mechanisms of intra-Golgi trafficking and cargo export in the trans-Golgi network. Moreover, we review recent insights on signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi complex and their physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyou Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sungeun Ju
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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23
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CDC42EP3 promotes colorectal cancer through regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33726765 PMCID: PMC7962261 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide, the incidence rate of which is still increasing year by year. Herein, the objective of this study is to investigate whether CDC42EP3 has regulatory effects in CRC. Methods First, CDC42EP3 knockdown cell model based on HCT116 and RKO cell lines was successfully constructed, which was further used for constructing mouse xenotransplantation models. Importantly, effects of CDC42EP3 knockdown on proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, and migration of CRC were accessed by MTT assay, EdU staining assay, colony formation assay, Flow cytometry, and Transwell assay. Results As the results, we showed that CDC42EP3 was significantly upregulated in CRC, and its high expression was associated with tumor progression. Furthermore, knockdown of CDC42EP3 could inhibit proliferation, colony formation and migration, and promote apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. In vivo results further confirmed knockdown of CDC42EP3 attenuated tumor growth in CRC. Interestingly, the regulation of CRC by CDC42EP3 involved not only the change of a variety of apoptosis-related proteins, but also the regulation of downstream signaling pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, the role of CDC42EP3 in CRC was clarified and showed its potential as a target of innovative therapeutic approaches for CRC.
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24
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Rho GTPases Signaling in Zebrafish Development and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122634. [PMID: 33302361 PMCID: PMC7762611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells encounter countless external cues and the specificity of their responses is translated through a myriad of tightly regulated intracellular signals. For this, Rho GTPases play a central role and transduce signals that contribute to fundamental cell dynamic and survival events. Here, we review our knowledge on how zebrafish helped us understand the role of some of these proteins in a multitude of in vivo cellular behaviors. Zebrafish studies offer a unique opportunity to explore the role and more specifically the spatial and temporal dynamic of Rho GTPases activities within a complex environment at a level of details unachievable in any other vertebrate organism.
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25
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Cell-ECM contact-guided intracellular polarization is mediated via lamin A/C dependent nucleus-cytoskeletal connection. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120548. [PMID: 33260092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization plays a crucial role in dynamic cellular events, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and directional migration in response to diverse extracellular and intracellular signals. Although it is well known that cell polarization entails highly orchestrated intracellular molecular reorganization, the underlying mechanism of repositioning by intracellular organelles in the presence of multiple stimuli is still unclear. Here, we show that front-rear cell polarization based on the relative positions of nucleus and microtubule organizing center is precisely controlled by mechanical interactions including cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix and nucleus-cytoskeletal connections. By modulating the size and distribution of fibronectin-coated adhesive spots located in the polarized cell shape mimicking micropatterns, we monitored the alterations in cell polarity. We found that the localization of individual adhesive spots is more dominant than the cell shape itself to induce intracellular polarization. Further, the degree of cell polarization was diminished significantly by disrupting nuclear lamin A/C. We further confirm that geometrical cue-guided intracellular polarization determines directional cell migration via local activation of Cdc42. These findings provide novel insights into the role of nucleus-cytoskeletal connections in single cell polarization under a combination of physical, molecular, and genetic cues, where lamin A/C acts as a critical molecular mediator in ECM sensing and signal transduction via nucleus-cytoskeletal connection.
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26
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Abstract
Rho GTPases are known to play an essential role in fundamental processes such as defining cell shape, polarity and migration. As such, the majority of Rho GTPases localize and function at, or close to, the plasma membrane. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a number of Rho family proteins are also associated with the Golgi complex, where they not only regulate events at this organelle but also more widely across the cell. Given the central location of this organelle, and the numerous membrane trafficking pathways that connect it to both the endocytic and secretory systems of cells, it is clear that the Golgi is fundamental for maintaining cellular homoeostasis. In this review, we describe these GTPases in the context of how they regulate Golgi architecture, membrane trafficking into and away from this organelle, and cell polarity and migration. We summarize the key findings that show the growing importance of the pool of Rho GTPases associated with Golgi function, namely Cdc42, RhoA, RhoD, RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3, and we discuss how they act in concert with other key families of molecules associated with the Golgi, including Rab GTPases and matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritha M Mysior
- Cell Screening Laboratory, School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- Cell Screening Laboratory, School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin Ireland
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27
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Chuan J, He S, Xie T, Wang G, Yang Z. A modified method for preparation of fluorescent MantGDP bound CDC42. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113846. [PMID: 32726583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase cycled between the GDP-bound inactive state and GTP-bound active state, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Guanine nucleotide exchange assay was a direct way to investigate the specificity, activity, and kinetics of GEFs. The N-methylanthraniloyl derivative of GDP (mantGDP), which was bound to small GTPase, served as a substitution for labeled small GTPase involved in bioluminescent, colorimetric, or radioactive methods due to its safety and sensitivity. In this study, we present an economical and efficient approach to prepare qualified mantGDP-bound CDC42, a member of the Rho GTPase family. In our protocol, with a Kd value of 0.048 μM, alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis of CDC42 increased mantGDP binding affinity to CDC42, allowing mant-nucleotide associating onto CDC42 more easily. Only 1.5-fold molar excess of mantGDP was required to prepare mantGDP-bound CDC42 without nonhydrolyzable GTP analog and high performance liquid chromatography. The mantGDP-bound CDC42 was verified to be efficient for measuring the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of VAV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Chuan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shiyu He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ganggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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28
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Alexandrova AY, Chikina AS, Svitkina TM. Actin cytoskeleton in mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition of cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:197-256. [PMID: 33066874 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development of metastasis, tumor cells migrate through different tissues and encounter different extracellular matrices. An ability of cells to adapt mechanisms of their migration to these diverse environmental conditions, called migration plasticity, gives tumor cells an advantage over normal cells for long distant dissemination. Different modes of individual cell motility-mesenchymal and amoeboid-are driven by different molecular mechanisms, which largely depend on functions of the actin cytoskeleton that can be modulated in a wide range by cellular signaling mechanisms in response to environmental conditions. Various triggers can switch one motility mode to another, but regulations of these transitions are incompletely understood. However, understanding of the mechanisms driving migration plasticity is instrumental for finding anti-cancer treatment capable to stop cancer metastasis. In this review, we discuss cytoskeletal features, which allow the individually migrating cells to switch between mesenchymal and amoeboid migrating modes, called mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT). We briefly describe main characteristics of different cell migration modes, and then discuss the triggering factors that initiate MAT with special attention to cytoskeletal features essential for migration plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra S Chikina
- Cell Migration and Invasion and Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Antigen Presentation teams, UMR144/U932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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Olivier JF, Fodil N, Al Habyan S, Gopal A, Artusa P, Mandl JN, McCaffrey L, Gros P. CCDC88B is required for mobility and inflammatory functions of dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1787-1802. [PMID: 32480428 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-386r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coiled Coil Domain Containing Protein 88B (CCDC88B) gene is associated with susceptibility to several inflammatory diseases in humans and its inactivation in mice protects against acute neuroinflammation and models of intestinal colitis. We report that mice lacking functional CCDC88B (Ccdc88bMut ) are defective in several dendritic cells (DCs)-dependent inflammatory and immune reactions in vivo. In these mice, an inflammatory stimulus (LPS) fails to induce the recruitment of DCs into the draining lymph nodes (LNs). In addition, OVA-pulsed Ccdc88bMut DCs injected in the footpad do not induce recruitment and activation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their draining LN. Experiments in vitro indicate that this defect is independent of the ability of mutant DCs to capture and present peptide antigen to T cells. Rather, kinetic analyses in vivo of wild-type and Ccdc88bMut DCs indicate a reduced migration capacity in the absence of the CCDC88B protein expression. Moreover, using time-lapse light microscopy imaging, we show that Ccdc88bMut DCs have an intrinsic motility defect. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that these reduced migratory properties lead to dampened contact hypersensitivity reactions in Ccdc88b mutant mice. These findings establish a critical role of CCDC88B in regulating movement and migration of DCs. Thus, regulatory variants impacting Ccdc88b expression in myeloid cells may cause variable degrees of DC-dependent inflammatory response in situ, providing a rationale for the genetic association of CCDC88B with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Al Habyan
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelica Gopal
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Long M, Kranjc T, Mysior MM, Simpson JC. RNA Interference Screening Identifies Novel Roles for RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3 in Membrane Trafficking Events in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051089. [PMID: 32354068 PMCID: PMC7291084 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the endomembrane system of mammalian cells, membrane traffic processes require a high degree of regulation in order to ensure their specificity. The range of molecules that participate in trafficking events is truly vast, and much attention to date has been given to the Rab family of small GTPases. However, in recent years, a role in membrane traffic for members of the Rho GTPase family, in particular Cdc42, has emerged. This prompted us to develop and apply an image-based high-content screen, initially focussing on the Golgi complex, using RNA interference to systematically perturb each of the 21 Rho family members and assess their importance to the overall organisation of this organelle. Analysis of our data revealed previously unreported roles for two atypical Rho family members, RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3, in membrane traffic events. We find that depletion of RhoBTB3 affects the morphology of the Golgi complex and causes changes in the trafficking speeds of carriers operating at the interface of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, RhoBTB3 was found to be present on these carriers. Depletion of RhoBTB1 was also found to cause a disturbance to the Golgi architecture, however, this phenotype seems to be linked to endocytosis and retrograde traffic pathways. RhoBTB1 was found to be associated with early endosomal intermediates, and changes in the levels of RhoBTB1 not only caused profound changes to the organisation and distribution of endosomes and lysosomes, but also resulted in defects in the delivery of two different classes of cargo molecules to downstream compartments. Together, our data reveal new roles for these atypical Rho family members in the endomembrane system.
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31
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Frye K, Renda F, Fomicheva M, Zhu X, Gong L, Khodjakov A, Kaverina I. Cell Cycle-Dependent Dynamics of the Golgi-Centrosome Association in Motile Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051069. [PMID: 32344866 PMCID: PMC7290758 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we characterize spatial distribution of the Golgi complex in human cells. In contrast to the prevailing view that the Golgi compactly surrounds the centrosome throughout interphase, we observe characteristic differences in the morphology of Golgi ribbons and their association with the centrosome during various periods of the cell cycle. The compact Golgi complex is typical in G1; during S-phase, Golgi ribbons lose their association with the centrosome and extend along the nuclear envelope to largely encircle the nucleus in G2. Interestingly, pre-mitotic separation of duplicated centrosomes always occurs after dissociation from the Golgi. Shortly before the nuclear envelope breakdown, scattered Golgi ribbons reassociate with the separated centrosomes restoring two compact Golgi complexes. Transitions between the compact and distributed Golgi morphologies are microtubule-dependent. However, they occur even in the absence of centrosomes, which implies that Golgi reorganization is not driven by the centrosomal microtubule asters. Cells with different Golgi morphology exhibit distinct differences in the directional persistence and velocity of migration. These data suggest that changes in the radial distribution of the Golgi around the nucleus define the extent of cell polarization and regulate cell motility in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyada Frye
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Fioranna Renda
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Maria Fomicheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Lisa Gong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Alexey Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-936-5567
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32
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The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:245-256. [PMID: 32010930 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this complex structural organization, the Golgi apparatus is highly dynamic, and this property becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the ribbon undergoes a multistep disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by the daughter cells. Importantly, alterations of the Golgi structure are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the core mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in both the maintenance and disassembly of the Golgi ribbon, and we also report on the signaling pathways that connect the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon to mitotic entry and progression.
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33
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Wu S, Lv L, Tahir A, Xiao X, Wong CKC, Sun F, Ge R, Cheng CY. Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:71-87. [PMID: 32207344 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies on cell polarity proteins and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins date back to almost 40 years ago in Drosophila and C. elegans when these proteins were shown to be crucial to support apico-basal polarity and also directional alignment of polarity cells across the plane of an epithelium during morphogenesis. In adult mammals, cell polarity and PCP are most notable in cochlear hair cells. However, the role of these two groups of proteins to support spermatogenesis was not explored until a decade earlier when several proteins that confer cell polarity and PCP proteins were identified in the rat testis. Since then, there are several reports appearing in the literature to examine the role of both cell polarity and PCP in supporting spermatogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview regarding the role of cell polarity and PCP proteins in the testis, evaluating these findings in light of studies in other mammalian epithelial cells/tissues. Our goal is to provide a timely evaluation of these findings, and provide some thought provoking remarks to guide future studies based on an evolving concept in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lixiu Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anam Tahir
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
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34
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Lim J, Li X, Yuan X, Yang S, Han L, Yang S. Primary cilia control cell alignment and patterning in bone development via ceramide-PKCζ-β-catenin signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:45. [PMID: 31988398 PMCID: PMC6985158 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are essential for cilia assembly and function. IFT protein mutations lead to ciliopathies, which manifest as variable skeletal abnormalities. However, how IFT proteins regulate cell alignment during bone development is unknown. Here, we show that the deletion of IFT20 in osteoblast lineage using Osterix-Cre and inducible type I Collagen-CreERT cause a compromised cell alignment and a reduced bone mass. This finding was validated by the disorganized collagen fibrils and decreased bone strength and stiffness in IFT20-deficient femurs. IFT20 maintains cilia and cell alignment in osteoblasts, as the concentric organization of three-dimensional spheroids was disrupted by IFT20 deletion. Mechanistically, IFT20 interacts with the ceramide-PKCζ complex to promote PKCζ phosphorylation in cilia and induce the apical localization of β-catenin in osteoblasts, both of which were disrupted in the absence of IFT20. These results reveal that IFT20 regulates polarity and cell alignment via ceramide-pPKCζ-β-catenin signaling during bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jormay Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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35
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Ravichandran Y, Goud B, Manneville JB. The Golgi apparatus and cell polarity: Roles of the cytoskeleton, the Golgi matrix, and Golgi membranes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:104-113. [PMID: 31751898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking plays a crucial role in cell polarity by directing lipids and proteins to specific subcellular locations in the cell and sustaining a polarized state. The Golgi apparatus, the master organizer of membrane trafficking, can be subdivided into three layers that play different mechanical roles: a cytoskeletal layer, the so-called Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes. First, the outer regions of the Golgi apparatus interact with cytoskeletal elements, mainly actin and microtubules, which shape, position, and orient the organelle. Closer to the Golgi membranes, a matrix of long coiled-coiled proteins not only selectively captures transport intermediates but also participates in signaling events during polarization of membrane trafficking. Finally, the Golgi membranes themselves serve as active signaling platforms during cell polarity events. We review here the recent findings that link the Golgi apparatus to cell polarity, focusing on the roles of the cytoskeleton, the Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Ravichandran
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR 3691, 25 rue du Docteur Roux F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm F-75005, Paris, France.
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36
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Silva LE, Souza RC, Kitano ES, Monteiro LF, Iwai LK, Forti FL. Proteomic and Interactome Approaches Reveal PAK4, PHB-2, and 14-3-3η as Targets of Overactivated Cdc42 in Cellular Responses to Genomic Instability. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3597-3614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E. Silva
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems (LSSB), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Renan C. Souza
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems (LSSB), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. Kitano
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (LETA), Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo-SP 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas F. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems (LSSB), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Leo K. Iwai
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (LETA), Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo-SP 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. Forti
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems (LSSB), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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37
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Saraste J, Prydz K. A New Look at the Functional Organization of the Golgi Ribbon. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:171. [PMID: 31497600 PMCID: PMC6713163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of vertebrate cells is a Golgi ribbon consisting of multiple cisternal stacks connected into a single-copy organelle next to the centrosome. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms that link the stacks together and the functional significance of ribbon formation remain poorly understood. Nevertheless, these questions are of considerable interest, since there is increasing evidence that Golgi fragmentation – the unlinking of the stacks in the ribbon – is intimately connected not only to normal physiological processes, such as cell division and migration, but also to pathological states, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Challenging a commonly held view that ribbon architecture involves the formation of homotypic tubular bridges between the Golgi stacks, we present an alternative model, based on direct interaction between the biosynthetic (pre-Golgi) and endocytic (post-Golgi) membrane networks and their connection with the centrosome. We propose that the central domains of these permanent pre- and post-Golgi networks function together in the biogenesis and maintenance of the more transient Golgi stacks, and thereby establish “linker compartments” that dynamically join the stacks together. This model provides insight into the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon that takes place in dividing and migrating cells and its regulation along a cell surface – Golgi – centrosome axis. Moreover, it helps to understand transport pathways that either traverse or bypass the Golgi stacks and the positioning of the Golgi apparatus in differentiated neuronal, epithelial, and muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Prydz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Shigetomi K, Ikenouchi J. Cell Adhesion Structures in Epithelial Cells Are Formed in Dynamic and Cooperative Ways. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800227. [PMID: 31187900 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are many morphologically distinct membrane structures with different functions at the surface of epithelial cells. Among these, adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) are responsible for the mechanical linkage of epithelial cells and epithelial barrier function, respectively. In the process of new cell-cell adhesion formation between two epithelial cells, such as after wounding, AJ form first and then TJ form on the apical side of AJ. This process is very complicated because AJ formation triggers drastic changes in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, the activity of Rho family of small GTPases, and the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, all of which are required for subsequent TJ formation. In this review, the authors focus on the relationship between AJ and TJ as a representative example of specialization of plasma membrane regions and introduce recent findings on how AJ formation promotes the subsequent formation of TJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shigetomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 774 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 774 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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39
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Boscher C, Gaonac'h-Lovejoy V, Delisle C, Gratton JP. Polarization and sprouting of endothelial cells by angiopoietin-1 require PAK2 and paxillin-dependent Cdc42 activation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2227-2239. [PMID: 31141452 PMCID: PMC6743454 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) to its receptor Tie2 on endothelial cells (ECs) promotes vessel barrier integrity and angiogenesis. Here, we identify PAK2 and paxillin as critical targets of Ang-1 responsible for EC migration, polarization, and sprouting. We found that Ang-1 increases PAK2-dependent paxillin phosphorylation and remodeling of focal adhesions and that PAK2 and paxillin are required for EC polarization, migration, and angiogenic sprouting in response to Ang-1. Our findings show that Ang-1 triggers Cdc42 activation at the leading edges of migrating ECs, which is dependent on PAK2 and paxillin expression. We also established that the polarity protein Par3 interacts with Cdc42 in response to Ang-1 in a PAK2- and paxillin-dependent manner. Par3 is recruited at the leading edges of migrating cells and in focal adhesion, where it forms a signaling complex with PAK2 and paxillin in response to Ang-1. These results show that Ang-1 triggers EC polarization and angiogenic sprouting through PAK2-dependent paxillin activation and remodeling of focal adhesions, which are necessary for local activation of Cdc42 and the associated polarity complex. We have shown that PAK2 controls a signaling pathway important for angiogenic sprouting that links focal adhesions to polarity signaling in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Boscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vanda Gaonac'h-Lovejoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Chantal Delisle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gratton
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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40
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Caracci MO, Fuentealba LM, Marzolo MP. Golgi Complex Dynamics and Its Implication in Prevalent Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:75. [PMID: 31134199 PMCID: PMC6514153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of protein synthesis with protein delivery to distinct subcellular domains is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and defects thereof have consistently been shown to be associated with several diseases. This function is particularly challenging for neurons given their polarized nature and differential protein requirements in synaptic boutons, dendrites, axons, and soma. Long-range trafficking is greatly enhanced in neurons by discrete mini-organelles resembling the Golgi complex (GC) referred to as Golgi outposts (GOPs) which play an essential role in the development of dendritic arborization. In this context, the morphology of the GC is highly plastic, and the polarized distribution of this organelle is necessary for neuronal migration and polarized growth. Furthermore, synaptic components are readily trafficked and modified at GOP suggesting a function for this organelle in synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about GOPs properties and biogenesis and the role of GOP dysregulation in pathology. In this review, we discuss current literature supporting a role for GC dynamics in prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and epilepsy, and examine the association of these disorders with the wide-ranging effects of GC function on common cellular pathways regulating neuronal excitability, polarity, migration, and organellar stress. First, we discuss the role of Golgins and Golgi-associated proteins in the regulation of GC morphology and dynamics. Then, we consider abnormal GC arrangements observed in neurological disorders and associations with common neuronal defects therein. Finally, we consider the cell signaling pathways involved in the modulation of GC dynamics and argue for a master regulatory role for Reelin signaling, a well-known regulator of neuronal polarity and migration. Determining the cellular pathways involved in shaping the Golgi network will have a direct and profound impact on our current understanding of neurodevelopment and neuropathology and aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for improved patient care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Caracci
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz M Fuentealba
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Makhoul C, Gosavi P, Duffield R, Delbridge B, Williamson NA, Gleeson PA. Intersectin-1 interacts with the golgin GCC88 to couple the actin network and Golgi architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:370-386. [PMID: 30540523 PMCID: PMC6589577 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the Golgi ribbon relies on a dynamic balance between the actin and microtubule networks; however, the pathways controlling actin networks remain poorly defined. Previously, we showed that the trans-Golgi network (TGN) membrane tether/golgin, GCC88, modulates the Golgi ribbon architecture. Here, we show that dispersal of the Golgi ribbon by GCC88 is dependent on actin and the involvement of nonmuscle myosin IIA. We have identified the long isoform of intersectin-1 (ITSN-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42, as a novel Golgi component and an interaction partner of GCC88 responsible for mediating the actin-dependent dispersal of the Golgi ribbon. We show that perturbation of Golgi morphology by changes in membrane flux, mediated by silencing the retromer subunit Vps26, or in a model of neurodegeneration, induced by Tau overexpression, are also dependent on the ITSN-1-GCC88 interaction. Overall, our study reveals a role for a TGN golgin and ITSN-1 in linking to the actin cytoskeleton and regulating the balance between a compact Golgi ribbon and a dispersed Golgi, a pathway with relevance to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makhoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Regina Duffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwen Delbridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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42
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Abstract
Formin homology proteins (formins) are a highly conserved family of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins that are involved in a diverse array of cellular functions. Formins are best known for their ability to regulate actin dynamics, but the same functional domains also govern stability and organization of microtubules. It is thought that this dual activity allows them to coordinate the activity of these two major cytoskeletal networks and thereby influence cellular architecture. Golgi ribbon assembly is dependent upon cooperative interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic microtubules originating both at the Golgi itself and from the centrosome. Similarly, centrosome assembly, centriole duplication, and centrosome positioning are also reliant on a dialogue between both cytoskeletal networks. As presented in this chapter, a growing body of evidence suggests that multiple formin proteins play essential roles in these central cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Copeland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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43
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Liu J, He J, Huang Y, Xiao H, Jiang Z, Hu Z. The Golgi apparatus in neurorestoration. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of the Golgi apparatus in critical cellular processes such as the transport, processing, and sorting of proteins and lipids has placed it at the forefront of cell science. Golgi apparatus dysfunction caused by primary defects within the Golgi or pharmacological and oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to participating in disease progression, the Golgi apparatus plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis, thereby promoting neurological recovery. In this review, we focus on the functions of the Golgi apparatus and its mediated events during neurorestoration.
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44
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Chang B, Svoboda KKH, Liu X. Cell polarization: From epithelial cells to odontoblasts. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 98:1-11. [PMID: 30473389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity identifies the asymmetry of a cell. Various types of cells, including odontoblasts and epithelial cells, polarize to fulfil their destined functions. Odontoblast polarization is a prerequisite and fundamental step for tooth development and tubular dentin formation. Current knowledge of odontoblast polarization, however, is very limited, which greatly impedes the development of novel approaches for regenerative endodontics. Compared to odontoblasts, epithelial cell polarization has been extensively studied over the last several decades. The knowledge obtained from epithelia polarization has been found applicable to other cell types, which is particularly useful considering the remarkable similarities of the morphological and compositional features between polarized odontoblasts and epithelia. In this review, we first discuss the characteristics, the key regulatory factors, and the process of epithelial polarity. Next, we compare the known facts of odontoblast polarization with epithelial cells. Lastly, we clarify knowledge gaps in odontoblast polarization and propose the directions for future research to fill the gaps, leading to the advancement of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Kathy K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Serological diagnosis of brucellosis is still a great challenge due to the infeasibility of discriminating infected animals from vaccinated ones, so it is necessary to search for diagnostic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of brucellosis.
Material and Methods
Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) from sheep (Ovis aries) (OaCdc42) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and then tissue distribution and differential expression levels of OaCdc42 mRNA between infected and vaccinated sheep were analysed by RT-qPCR.
Results
The full-length cDNA of OaCdc42 was 1,609 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 576 bp. OaCdc42 mRNAs were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, rumen, small intestine, skeletal muscles, and buffy coat, and the highest expression was detected in the small intestine. Compared to the control, the levels of OaCdc42 mRNA from sheep infected with Brucella melitensis or sheep vaccinated with Brucella suis S2 was significantly different (P < 0.01) after 40 and 30 days post-inoculation, respectively. However, the expression of OaCdc42 mRNA was significantly different between vaccinated and infected sheep (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on days: 14, 30, and 60 post-inoculation, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted 40 days post-inoculation. Moreover, the expression of OaCdc42 from both infected and vaccinated sheep showed irregularity.
Conclusion
OaCdc42 is not a good potential diagnostic biomarker for differential diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep.
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46
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Lee MC, Shei W, Chan AS, Chua BT, Goh SR, Chong YF, Hilmy MH, Nongpiur ME, Baskaran M, Khor CC, Aung T, Hunziker W, Vithana EN. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) susceptibility gene PLEKHA7 encodes a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP that modulates cell migration and blood-aqueous barrier function. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4011-4027. [PMID: 29016860 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA7, a gene recently associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), encodes an apical junctional protein expressed in components of the blood aqueous barrier (BAB). We found that PLEKHA7 is down-regulated in lens epithelial cells and in iris tissue of PACG patients. PLEKHA7 expression also correlated with the C risk allele of the sentinel SNP rs11024102 with the risk allele carrier groups having significantly reduced PLEKHA7 levels compared to non-risk allele carriers. Silencing of PLEKHA7 in human immortalized non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (h-iNPCE) and primary trabecular meshwork cells, which are intimately linked to BAB and aqueous humor outflow respectively, affected actin cytoskeleton organization. PLEKHA7 specifically interacts with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, and the activation status of the two small GTPases is linked to PLEKHA7 expression levels. PLEKHA7 stimulates Rac1 and Cdc42 GTP hydrolysis, without affecting nucleotide exchange, identifying PLEKHA7 as a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP. Consistent with the regulatory role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in maintaining the tight junction permeability, silencing of PLEKHA7 compromises the paracellular barrier between h-iNPCE cells. Thus, downregulation of PLEKHA7 in PACG may affect BAB integrity and aqueous humor outflow via its Rac1/Cdc42 GAP activity, thereby contributing to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Lee
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - William Shei
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Anita S Chan
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Boon-Tin Chua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shuang-Ru Goh
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yaan-Fun Chong
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Maryam H Hilmy
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Monisha E Nongpiur
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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47
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Yang YJ, Liu ZS, Lu SY, Hu P, Li C, Ahmad W, Li YS, Xu YM, Tang F, Zhou Y, Ren HL. Cloning and Differential Expression Analyses of Cdc42 from Sheep. J Vet Res 2018; 62:113-119. [PMID: 29978136 PMCID: PMC5957470 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological diagnosis of brucellosis is still a great challenge due to the infeasibility of discriminating infected animals from vaccinated ones, so it is necessary to search for diagnostic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of brucellosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) from sheep (Ovis aries) (OaCdc42) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and then tissue distribution and differential expression levels of OaCdc42 mRNA between infected and vaccinated sheep were analysed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The full-length cDNA of OaCdc42 was 1,609 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 576 bp. OaCdc42 mRNAs were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, rumen, small intestine, skeletal muscles, and buffy coat, and the highest expression was detected in the small intestine. Compared to the control, the levels of OaCdc42 mRNA from sheep infected with Brucella melitensis or sheep vaccinated with Brucella suis S2 was significantly different (P < 0.01) after 40 and 30 days post-inoculation, respectively. However, the expression of OaCdc42 mRNA was significantly different between vaccinated and infected sheep (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on days: 14, 30, and 60 post-inoculation, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted 40 days post-inoculation. Moreover, the expression of OaCdc42 from both infected and vaccinated sheep showed irregularity. CONCLUSION OaCdc42 is not a good potential diagnostic biomarker for differential diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji133002, China
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji133002, China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang35200, Pakistan
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
| | - Yun-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
- Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong212400, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou121001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun130062, China
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48
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Baez-Jurado E, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Guio-Vega G, Ashraf GM, Echeverria V, Aliev G, Barreto GE. Conditioned Medium of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Wound Closure and Protects Human Astrocytes Following Scratch Assay In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5377-5392. [PMID: 28936798 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes perform essential functions in the preservation of neural tissue. For this reason, these cells can respond with changes in gene expression, hypertrophy, and proliferation upon a traumatic brain injury event (TBI). Different therapeutic strategies may be focused on preserving astrocyte functions and favor a non-generalized and non-sustained protective response over time post-injury. A recent strategy has been the use of the conditioned medium of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neuropathologies. However, although there is a lot of information about its effect on neuronal protection, studies on astrocytes are scarce and its specific action in glial cells is not well explored. In the present study, the effects of CM-hMSCA on human astrocytes subjected to scratch assay were assessed. Our findings indicated that CM-hMSCA improved cell viability, reduced nuclear fragmentation, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects were accompanied by morphological changes and an increased polarity index thus reflecting the ability of astrocytes to migrate to the wound stimulated by CM-hMSCA. In conclusion, CM-hMSCA may be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the protection of astrocyte function in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Gina Guio-Vega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.,Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia.,GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. .,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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49
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Li J, Miao L, Zhao C, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Shieh D, Guo H, Lu Y, Hu S, Huang A, Zhang L, Cai CL, Wan LQ, Xin H, Vincent P, Singer HA, Zheng Y, Cleaver O, Fan ZC, Wu M. CDC42 is required for epicardial and pro-epicardial development by mediating FGF receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. Development 2017; 144:1635-1647. [PMID: 28465335 PMCID: PMC5450847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium contributes to multiple cardiac lineages and is essential for cardiac development and regeneration. However, the mechanism of epicardium formation is unclear. This study aimed to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the dissociation of pro-epicardial cells (PECs) from the pro-epicardium (PE) and their subsequent translocation to the heart to form the epicardium. We used lineage tracing, conditional deletion, mosaic analysis and ligand stimulation in mice to determine that both villous protrusions and floating cysts contribute to PEC translocation to myocardium in a CDC42-dependent manner. We resolved a controversy by demonstrating that physical contact of the PE with the myocardium constitutes a third mechanism for PEC translocation to myocardium, and observed a fourth mechanism in which PECs migrate along the surface of the inflow tract to reach the ventricles. Epicardial-specific Cdc42 deletion disrupted epicardium formation, and Cdc42 null PECs proliferated less, lost polarity and failed to form villous protrusions and floating cysts. FGF signaling promotes epicardium formation in vivo, and biochemical studies demonstrated that CDC42 is involved in the trafficking of FGF receptors to the cell membrane to regulate epicardium formation. Highlighted article: During epicardial formation in mice, four different mechanisms of pro-epicardial cell translocation to the myocardium can be identified, with CDC42 playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lianjie Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - David Shieh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Saiyang Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alice Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th street, Biotech 2147, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Peter Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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50
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Mitotic inheritance of the Golgi complex and its role in cell division. Biol Cell 2017; 109:364-374. [PMID: 28799169 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids, but it can also act as a signalling hub and a microtubule-nucleation centre. The Golgi complex (GC) of mammalian cells is composed of stacks connected by tubular bridges to form a continuous membranous system. In spite of this structural complexity, the GC is highly dynamic, and this feature becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the GC undergoes a multi-step disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by daughter cells. Strikingly, different steps of Golgi disassembly control mitotic entry and progression, indicating that cells actively monitor Golgi integrity during cell division. Here, we summarise the basic mechanisms and the molecular players that are involved in Golgi disassembly, focussing in particular on recent studies that have revealed the fundamental signalling pathways that connect Golgi inheritance to mitotic entry and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
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