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Kos P, Baumann O. Spatial arrangement, polarity, and posttranslational modifications of the microtubule system in the Drosophila eye. Cell Tissue Res 2024:10.1007/s00441-024-03914-6. [PMID: 39152365 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
We have analyzed the organization of the microtubule system in photoreceptor cells and pigment cells within the adult Drosophila compound eye. Immunofluorescence localization of tubulin and of Short stop, a spectraplakin that has been reported to be involved in the anchorage of microtubule minus ends at the membrane, suggests the presence of non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers at the distal tip of the visual cells. Ultrastructural analyses confirm that microtubules emanate from membrane-associated plaques at the site of contact with cone cells and that all microtubules are aligned in distal-proximal direction within the photoreceptor cells. Determination of microtubule polarities demonstrated that about 95% of the microtubules in photoreceptor cells are oriented with their plus end in the direction of the synapse. Pigment cells in the eye contain only microtubules aligned in distal-proximal direction, with their plus end pointing towards the retinal floor. There, two populations of microtubules can be distinguished, single microtubules and bundled microtubules, the latter associated with actin filaments. Whereas microtubules in both photoreceptor cells and pigment cells are acetylated and mono/bi-glutamylated on α-tubulin, bundled microtubules in pigment cells are apparently also mono/bi-glutamylated on β-tubulin, providing the possibility of binding different microtubule-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kos
- Unit of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Otto Baumann
- Unit of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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Li Y, Guo B, Wang L, Zhou F, Yu Z, Huang Y, Chen R, Zhang M, Zhang K, Zheng L, Jing S, Hong W, Han T. TEDC2 plays an oncogenic role and serves as a therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:861-871. [PMID: 37867019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and tends to have a poor prognosis due to its insidious onset, difficulty in early diagnosis, and limited treatment options. Tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2 (TEDC2), also known as C16orf59, is implicated in maintaining centriole stability, but the involvement of TEDC2 in HCC remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and potential mechanisms of TEDC2 in HCC. METHODS Multiple RNA sequencing datasets were screened for differentially expressed genes in HCC, and the prognosis-related gene, TEDC2, was further screened as a target gene in this study. The expression of TEDC2 in public datasets and clinical specimens was analyzed, and the involvement of TEDC2 in HCC was investigated by bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments. RESULTS TEDC2 levels were elevated in HCC compared to healthy livers. Overexpression of TEDC2 was positively correlated with pathologic stage and histologic grade. In addition, TEDC2 was found to be an independent prognostic predictor. An excellent prognostic model of HCC was successfully constructed with TEDC2 in combination with the TNM stage. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that overexpression of TEDC2 might be associated with impaired tumor immunity in HCC, as evidenced by increased infiltration of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and reduced infiltration of cytotoxic cells. Further studies showed that TP53 mutations regulated TEDC2 expression, and TEDC2 was significantly associated with drug sensitivity. Moreover, overexpression of TEDC2 promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings initially suggested a crucial effect of TEDC2 overexpression on HCC tumor progression, suggesting its potential as a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beichen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lewei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Jing
- Tianjin Cancer Institution and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Jing Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Ismtula D, Guo C. Tubulin alpha-1b chain was identified as a prognosis and immune biomarker in pan-cancer combing with experimental validation in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8201. [PMID: 38589634 PMCID: PMC11001892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-tubulin subtype, Tubulin α-1b chain (TUBA1B), has been shown to influence immune cell infiltration, cancer growth, and survival across various malignancies. However, a comprehensive study has not yet been undertaken examining the immunological and predictive effects of TUBA1B in a pan-carcinoma context. Using data from TCGA, GEO, and other databases, we analyzed TUBA1B expression across various carcinoma types using transcriptional profiling, prognostic implications, genetic and epigenetic alterations, methylation patterns, and immunological significance. To validate our findings, we conducted Western blot analysis to assess TUBA1B protein levels in matched breast cancer tissue samples and performed CCK-8 proliferation assay, flow cytometry, transwell invasion, and migration assays to comprehensively examine the functional impact of TUBA1B on breast cancer cells. Our pan-cancer analysis found TUBA1B upregulation across most tumor types, with varying expression patterns in distinct immune and molecular subtypes. High TUBA1B expression was an independent risk factor and associated with poor prognoses in several cancers, including BRCA, KICH, LGG, LUAD, and MESO. TUBA1B also demonstrates moderate to high diagnostic accuracy in most tumor types. Increased m6A methylation levels were observed in the TUBA1B gene, while its promoter region displayed low methylation levels. TUBA1B's expression impacted some cancers by elevating tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, neoantigen formation, immune cell infiltration, and the modulation of immune checkpoints. Functional enrichment analysis highlights TUBA1B's involvement in important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, p53 signaling, cell senescence, programmed cell death, and the regulation of immune-related pathways. Moreover, our study reveals higher TUBA1B protein expression in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues. In vitro experiments confirm that TUBA1B deletion reduces breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while increasing apoptosis. In conclusion, our study suggests that TUBA1B could potentially serve as a diagnostic marker for predicting cancer immunological profiles and survival outcomes and shed light on the expression and role of TUBA1B in breast cancer, providing a solid foundation for considering it as a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yubo Jing
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Dilimulati Ismtula
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Chenming Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Bonet-Ponce L, Tegicho T, Beilina A, Kluss JH, Li Y, Cookson MR. Opposing actions of JIP4 and RILPL1 provide antagonistic motor force to dynamically regulate membrane reformation during lysosomal tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587808. [PMID: 38903076 PMCID: PMC11188082 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic cellular structures that adaptively remodel their membrane in response to stimuli, including membrane damage. We previously uncovered a process we term LYTL (LYsosomal Tubulation/sorting driven by Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 [LRRK2]), wherein damaged lysosomes generate tubules sorted into mobile vesicles. LYTL is orchestrated by the Parkinson's disease-associated kinase LRRK2 that recruits the motor adaptor protein and RHD family member JIP4 to lysosomes via phosphorylated RAB proteins. To identify new players involved in LYTL, we performed unbiased proteomics on isolated lysosomes after LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Our results demonstrate that there is recruitment of RILPL1 to ruptured lysosomes via LRRK2 activity to promote phosphorylation of RAB proteins at the lysosomal surface. RILPL1, which is also a member of the RHD family, enhances the clustering of LRRK2-positive lysosomes in the perinuclear area and causes retraction of LYTL tubules, in contrast to JIP4 which promotes LYTL tubule extension. Mechanistically, RILPL1 binds to p150Glued, a dynactin subunit, facilitating the transport of lysosomes and tubules to the minus end of microtubules. Further characterization of the tubulation process revealed that LYTL tubules move along tyrosinated microtubules, with tubulin tyrosination proving essential for tubule elongation. In summary, our findings emphasize the dynamic regulation of LYTL tubules by two distinct RHD proteins and pRAB effectors, serving as opposing motor adaptor proteins: JIP4, promoting tubulation via kinesin, and RILPL1, facilitating tubule retraction through dynein/dynactin. We infer that the two opposing processes generate a metastable lysosomal membrane deformation that facilitates dynamic tubulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Tsion Tegicho
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jillian H. Kluss
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomic Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Chang X, Zhou S, Liu J, Wang Y, Guan X, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Liu R. Zishen Tongyang Huoxue decoction (TYHX) alleviates sinoatrial node cell ischemia/reperfusion injury by directing mitochondrial quality control via the VDAC1-β-tubulin signaling axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117371. [PMID: 37981118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zishen Tongyang Huoxue decoction (TYHX) has been used clinically for nearly 40 years to treat sick sinus syndrome. Previous reports showed that TYHX can inhibit calcium flux by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis via β-tubulin and increase sinoatrial node cell (SNC) activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to verify the protective effect of TYHX against SNC ischemia by regulating mitochondrial quality control (MQC) through β-tubulin and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) silencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an in vitro model of SNC ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and performed rescue experiments by silencing β-tubulin and VDAC1 expression. Cell-Counting Kit 8 assays were performed to detect cell viabilities, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays (paired with confocal microscopy) were performed to detect fragmentation. Mitochondrial-energy metabolism was detected using the Seahorse assay system. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect the mRNA-expression levels of MQC-related genes. RESULTS TYHX inhibited SNC mitochondrial injury. During I/R simulation, TYHX maintained β-tubulin stability, regulated synergy between mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded-protein response (UPRmt), and inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress and overactive SNC fission. Next-generation sequencing suggested that mitochondrial-membrane injury caused SNC apoptosis. We also found that TYHX regulated β-tubulin expression through VDAC1 and inhibited dynamin-related protein 1 migration to mitochondria from the nucleus. After preventing excessive mitochondrial fission, the mitophagy-UPRmt pathway, mitochondrial-membrane potential, and mitochondrial energy were restored. VDAC1 silencing affected the regulatory mechanism of MQC in a β-tubulin-dependent manner via TYHX. CONCLUSION TYHX regulated mitochondrial membrane-permeability through VDAC1, which affected MQC through β-tubulin and inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis. Our findings may help in developing drugs to protect the sinoatrial node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xuanke Guan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiaomin Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Bernas T, Seo J, Wilson ZT, Tan BH, Deschenes I, Carter C, Liu J, Tseng GN. Persistent PKA activation redistributes NaV1.5 to the cell surface of adult rat ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313436. [PMID: 38226948 PMCID: PMC10791559 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
During chronic stress, persistent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) occurs, which can contribute to protective or maladaptive changes in the heart. We sought to understand the effect of persistent PKA activation on NaV1.5 channel distribution and function in cardiomyocytes using adult rat ventricular myocytes as the main model. PKA activation with 8CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid (phosphatase inhibitor) caused an increase in Na+ current amplitude without altering the total NaV1.5 protein level, suggesting a redistribution of NaV1.5 to the myocytes' surface. Biotinylation experiments in HEK293 cells showed that inhibiting protein trafficking from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane prevented the PKA-induced increase in cell surface NaV1.5. Additionally, PKA activation induced a time-dependent increase in microtubule plus-end binding protein 1 (EB1) and clustering of EB1 at myocytes' peripheral surface and intercalated discs (ICDs). This was accompanied by a decrease in stable interfibrillar microtubules but an increase in dynamic microtubules along the myocyte surface. Imaging and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NaV1.5 interacted with EB1 and β-tubulin, and both interactions were enhanced by PKA activation. We propose that persistent PKA activation promotes NaV1.5 trafficking to the peripheral surface of myocytes and ICDs by providing dynamic microtubule tracks and enhanced guidance by EB1. Our proposal is consistent with an increase in the correlative distribution of NaV1.5, EB1, and β-tubulin at these subcellular domains in PKA-activated myocytes. Our study suggests that persistent PKA activation, at least during the initial phase, can protect impulse propagation in a chronically stressed heart by increasing NaV1.5 at ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Bernas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zachary T. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bi-hua Tan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christiane Carter
- Massey Center Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Massey Center Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gea-Ny Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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7
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Wiest A, Kielkowski P. Cu-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne-Thiol Reaction Forms Ubiquitous Background in Chemical Proteomic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2151-2159. [PMID: 38214237 PMCID: PMC10811670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We report here a Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne-thiol reaction forming thiotriazoles as the major byproduct under widely used bio-orthogonal protein labeling "click" conditions. The development of Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) had a tremendous impact on many biological discoveries. However, the considered chemoselectivity of CuAAC is hampered by the high reactivity of cysteine free thiols, yielding thiotriazole protein conjugates. The reaction byproducts generate false-positive protein hits in functional proteomic studies. The reported detail investigation of conjugates between chemical probes containing terminal alkynes, azide tags, and cell lysates reveals the formation of thiotriazoles, which can be readily detected by in-gel fluorescence scanning or after peptide and protein enrichment by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In protein level identification and quantification experiments, the produced fluorescent bands or enriched proteins may not result from the important enzymatically driven reaction and can be falsely assigned as hits. This study provides a complete list of the most common background proteins. The knowledge of this previously overlooked reactivity now leads to the introduction of modified CuAAC conditions, which avoids the undesired product formation, diminishes the background, and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wiest
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Würmtalstr. 201, 81375 Munich, Germany
| | - Pavel Kielkowski
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Würmtalstr. 201, 81375 Munich, Germany
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Chiang DY, Verkerk AO, Victorio R, Shneyer BI, van der Vaart B, Jouni M, Narendran N, Kc A, Sampognaro JR, Vetrano-Olsen F, Oh JS, Buys E, de Jonge B, Shah DA, Kiviniemi T, Burridge PW, Bezzina CR, Akhmanova A, MacRae CA. The Role of MAPRE2 and Microtubules in Maintaining Normal Ventricular Conduction. Circ Res 2024; 134:46-59. [PMID: 38095085 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is associated with loss-of-function SCN5A variants, yet these account for only ≈20% of cases. A recent genome-wide association study identified a novel locus within MAPRE2, which encodes EB2 (microtubule end-binding protein 2), implicating microtubule involvement in Brugada syndrome. METHODS A mapre2 knockout zebrafish model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9) and validated by Western blot. Larval hearts at 5 days post-fertilization were isolated for voltage mapping and immunocytochemistry. Adult fish hearts were used for ECG, patch clamping, and immunocytochemistry. Morpholinos were injected into embryos at 1-cell stage for knockdown experiments. A transgenic zebrafish line with cdh2 tandem fluorescent timer was used to study adherens junctions. Microtubule plus-end tracking and patch clamping were performed in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with MAPRE2 knockdown and knockout, respectively. RESULTS Voltage mapping of mapre2 knockout hearts showed a decrease in ventricular maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential and conduction velocity, suggesting loss of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel function. ECG showed QRS prolongation in adult knockout fish, and patch clamping showed decreased sodium current density in knockout ventricular myocytes and arrhythmias in knockout iPSC-CMs. Confocal imaging showed disorganized adherens junctions and mislocalization of mature Ncad (N-cadherin) with mapre2 loss of function, associated with a decrease of detyrosinated tubulin. MAPRE2 knockdown in iPSC-CMs led to an increase in microtubule growth velocity and distance, indicating changes in microtubule dynamics. Finally, knockdown of ttl encoding tubulin tyrosine ligase in mapre2 knockout larvae rescued tubulin detyrosination and ventricular maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential. CONCLUSIONS Genetic ablation of mapre2 led to a decrease in voltage-gated sodium channel function, a hallmark of Brugada syndrome, associated with disruption of adherens junctions, decrease of detyrosinated tubulin as a marker of microtubule stability, and changes in microtubule dynamics. Restoration of the detyrosinated tubulin fraction with ttl knockdown led to rescue of voltage-gated sodium channel-related functional parameters in mapre2 knockout hearts. Taken together, our study implicates microtubule dynamics in the modulation of ventricular conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chiang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center (A.O.V., C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Rachelle Victorio
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Boris I Shneyer
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Babet van der Vaart
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Nakul Narendran
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Ashmita Kc
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - James R Sampognaro
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Franki Vetrano-Olsen
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - John S Oh
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Eva Buys
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Berend de Jonge
- Department of Medical Biology (B.d.J.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Disheet A Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland (T.K.)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center (A.O.V., C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
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9
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Zheng L, Zou Y, Xie T, Wu X, Tan Y, Mei S, Geng Y, Chen S, Xu S, Niu MM. Discovery of a Dual Tubulin and Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) Inhibitor with Potent In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity via Pharmacophore-based Docking Screening, Structure Optimization, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16187-16200. [PMID: 38093696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual inhibition of tubulin and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) may become an effective method for cancer treatment by simultaneously killing tumor cells and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Herein, we identified dual tubulin/NRP1-targeting inhibitor TN-2, which exhibited good inhibitory activity against both tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 0.71 ± 0.03 μM) and NRP1 (IC50 = 0.85 ± 0.04 μM). Importantly, it significantly inhibited the viability of several human prostate tumor cell lines. Further mechanism studies indicated that TN-2 could inhibit tubulin polymerization and cause G2/M arrest, thereby inducing cell apoptosis. It could also suppress cell tube formation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, TN-2 showed obvious antitumor effects on the PC-3 cell-derived xenograft model with negligible side effects and good pharmacokinetic profiles. These data demonstrate that TN-2 could be a promising dual-target chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yunting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianyuan Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuchen Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifei Geng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shutong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Miao-Miao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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10
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Liu W, Fu Y, Wang M, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang Y, Qin H. A preliminary study on the mechanism of VASH2 in childhood medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17153. [PMID: 37821528 PMCID: PMC10567924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the differences in VASH2 expression in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) tumor tissues of different molecular subtypes, to analyze the correlation between VASH2 and the molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma, clinicopathological data, and prognosis, and to explore the specific mechanism of VASH2's role in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY. We analyzed 47 pediatric medulloblastoma cases admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2011 to December 2019, and the expression levels of YAP1 and GAB1 in these tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecularly typed (WNT-type, SHH-type, and non-WNT/SHH-type). The correlation between VASH2 and molecular typing of medulloblastoma was analyzed. We also analyzed the medulloblastoma dataset in the GEO database (GSE30074 and GSE202043) to explore the correlation between VASH2 and the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients, as well as performed a comprehensive GO enrichment analysis specifically for the VASH2 gene to reveal the underlying biological pathways of its complex molecular profile. We used vasopressin 2 (VASH2) as a research target and overexpressed and knocked down VASH2 in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY by lentiviral vectors in vitro, respectively, to investigate its role in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and biological roles in the cell cycle. (1) Among 47 pediatric medulloblastoma cases, 8 were WNT type, 29 were SHH type, and 10 were non-WNT/SHH type. the positive rate of VASH2 was highest in the SHH type with a 68.97% positive rate, followed by non-WNT/SHH and lowest in the WNT type. The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that positive expression of VASH2 was associated with medulloblastoma molecular subtype (SHH type), site of tumor development (four ventricles), and gender (male), P < 0.05. (2) The results of cellular experiments showed that overexpression of VASH2 increased the invasion and migration ability of medulloblast Daoy, while knockdown of VASH2 inhibited the invasion and Overexpression of VASH2 upregulated the expression of Smad2 + 3, Smad4, Mmp2 and the apoptotic indicators Bcl-2 and Caspase3, while knockdown of VASH2 suppressed the expression of Smad2 + 3 and Mmp2, and silenced the expression of Smad4 and the apoptotic indicators Bcl2, Caspase3 expression. Flow cytometric cycle analysis showed that VASH2 overexpression increased the S phase in the Daoy cell cycle, while VASH2 knockdown decreased the S phase in the SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY cell cycle. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the expression of VASH2 genes in the GSE30074 and GSE202043 datasets and the prognosis of the patients, but the results of this dataset analysis suggested that we need to continue to expand the sample size of the study in the future. The results of the GO enrichment analysis showed that the angiogenic pathway was the most significantly enriched, and the PPI interactions network of VASH2 was obtained from the STRING database. Using the STRING database, we obtained the PPI interaction network of VASH2, and the KEGG enrichment analysis of VASH2-related genes showed that VASH2-related genes were related to the apoptosis pathway, and therefore it was inferred that VASH2 also affects the development of tumors through apoptosis. We found for the first time that the positive expression rate of VASH2 was closely associated with SHH-type pediatric medulloblastoma and that VASH2 was involved in the invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptotic capacity of SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY by affecting downstream indicators of the TGF-β pathway. This suggests that it is involved in the progression of pediatric medulloblastoma, and VASH2 is expected to be a diagnostic and therapeutic target for SHH-type pediatric medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yinan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Julin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Neurosurgery, Urumqi, China.
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Neurosurgery, Urumqi, China.
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11
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Alexander AK, Elshahawi SI. Promiscuous Enzymes for Residue-Specific Peptide and Protein Late-Stage Functionalization. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300372. [PMID: 37338668 PMCID: PMC10496146 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The late-stage functionalization of peptides and proteins holds significant promise for drug discovery and facilitates bioorthogonal chemistry. This selective functionalization leads to innovative advances in in vitro and in vivo biological research. However, it is a challenging endeavor to selectively target a certain amino acid or position in the presence of other residues containing reactive groups. Biocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for selective, efficient, and economical modifications of molecules. Enzymes that have the ability to modify multiple complex substrates or selectively install nonnative handles have wide applications. Herein, we highlight enzymes with broad substrate tolerance that have been demonstrated to modify a specific amino acid residue in simple or complex peptides and/or proteins at late-stage. The different substrates accepted by these enzymes are mentioned together with the reported downstream bioorthogonal reactions that have benefited from the enzymatic selective modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Alexander
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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12
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Fan X, McKenney RJ. Control of motor landing and processivity by the CAP-Gly domain in the KIF13B tail. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4715. [PMID: 37543636 PMCID: PMC10404244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin regulates interactions with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). One unique PTM is the cyclical removal and re-addition of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin and MAPs containing CAP-Gly domains specifically recognize tyrosinated microtubules. KIF13B, a long-distance transport kinesin, contains a conserved CAP-Gly domain, but the role of the CAP-Gly domain in KIF13B's motility along microtubules remains unknown. To address this, we investigate the interaction between KIF13B's CAP-Gly domain, and tyrosinated microtubules. We find that KIF13B's CAP-Gly domain influences the initial motor-microtubule interaction, as well as processive motility along microtubules. The effect of the CAP-Gly domain is enhanced when the motor domain is in the ADP state, suggesting an interplay between the N-terminal motor domain and C-terminal CAP-Gly domain. These results reveal that specialized kinesin tail domains play active roles in the initiation and continuation of motor movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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13
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Höpfler M, Absmeier E, Peak-Chew SY, Vartholomaiou E, Passmore LA, Gasic I, Hegde RS. Mechanism of ribosome-associated mRNA degradation during tubulin autoregulation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2290-2302.e13. [PMID: 37295431 PMCID: PMC10403363 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules play crucial roles in cellular architecture, intracellular transport, and mitosis. The availability of free tubulin subunits affects polymerization dynamics and microtubule function. When cells sense excess free tubulin, they trigger degradation of the encoding mRNAs, which requires recognition of the nascent polypeptide by the tubulin-specific ribosome-binding factor TTC5. How TTC5 initiates the decay of tubulin mRNAs is unknown. Here, our biochemical and structural analysis reveals that TTC5 recruits the poorly studied protein SCAPER to the ribosome. SCAPER, in turn, engages the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex through its CNOT11 subunit to trigger tubulin mRNA decay. SCAPER mutants that cause intellectual disability and retinitis pigmentosa in humans are impaired in CCR4-NOT recruitment, tubulin mRNA degradation, and microtubule-dependent chromosome segregation. Our findings demonstrate how recognition of a nascent polypeptide on the ribosome is physically linked to mRNA decay factors via a relay of protein-protein interactions, providing a paradigm for specificity in cytoplasmic gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Höpfler
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Eva Absmeier
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sew-Yeu Peak-Chew
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Lori A Passmore
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ivana Gasic
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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14
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Balach MM, Santander VS, Elisio EY, Rivelli JF, Muhlberger T, Campetelli AN, Casale CH, Monesterolo NE. Tubulin-mediated anatomical and functional changes caused by Ca 2+ in human erythrocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00946-4. [PMID: 36773113 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous research, we observed that tubulin can be found in three fractions within erythrocytes, i.e., attached to the membrane, as a soluble fraction, or as part of a structure that can be sedimented by centrifugation. Given that its differential distribution within these fractions may alter several hemorheological properties, such as erythrocyte deformability, the present work studied how this distribution is in turn affected by Ca2+, another key player in the regulation of erythrocyte cytoskeleton stability. The effect of Ca2+ on some hemorheological parameters was also assessed. The results showed that when Ca2+ concentrations increased in the cell, whether by the addition of ionophore A23187, by specific plasma membrane Ca2 + _ATPase (PMCA) inhibition, or due to arterial hypertension, tubulin translocate to the membrane, erythrocyte deformability decreased, and phosphatidylserine exposure increased. Moreover, increased Ca2+ was associated with an inverse correlation in the distribution of tubulin and spectrin, another important cytoskeleton protein. Based on these findings, we propose the existence of a mechanism of action through which higher Ca2+ concentrations in erythrocytes trigger the migration of tubulin to the membrane, a phenomenon that results in alterations of rheological and molecular aspects of the membrane itself, as well as of the integrity of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa M Balach
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica S Santander
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elida Y Elisio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan F Rivelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tamara Muhlberger
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alexis N Campetelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar H Casale
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Noelia E Monesterolo
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Zhang S, Funahashi Y, Tanaka S, Okubo T, Thapa J, Nakamura S, Higashi H, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia trachomatis relies on the scavenger role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor with detyrosinated tubulin for its intracellular growth, but this is impaired by excess indole. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105097. [PMID: 36608767 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although IFN-γ depletes tryptophan (Trp) as a defense against intracellular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infected to hypoxic vagina, the presence of indole, a precursor of Trp, enables Ct to infect IFN-γ-exposed culture cells. Meanwhile, Trp-derived indole derivatives interact the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in the cellular homeostasis with tubulin dynamics. Here, the amounts of IFN-γ and indole in cervical swabs with known Ct infection status were measured, and Ct growth in the presence of indole was determined from the perspective of the AhR axis under hypoxia. A positive correlation between the amounts of IFN-γ and indole was found, and both of these amounts were lower in Ct-positive swabs than in Ct-negative ones. Indole as well as other AhR ligands inhibited Ct growth, especially under normoxia. Ct prompted the expression of detyrosinated tubulin (dTTub), but indole inhibited it. Indole did not stimulate the translocation of AhR to nucleus, and it blocked AhR activation in AhR-reporter cells. Ct growth was reduced more effectively under normoxia in AhR-knockdown cells, an effect that was enhanced by indole, which in turn diminished dTTub. Thus, Ct growth relies on the scavenger role of cytosolic AhR responsible for promoting dTTub expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saicheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yuki Funahashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Satoho Tanaka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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16
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Chang X, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Guan X, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Huang Y, Liu R. ß-tubulin contributes to Tongyang Huoxue decoction-induced protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury of sinoatrial node cells through SIRT1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial quality surveillance. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154502. [PMID: 36274412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TYHX-Tongyang Huoxue decoction has been used clinically for nearly 40 years. The ingredients of TYHX are Radix Astragali (Huangqi), Red Ginseng (Hongshen), Rehmannia Glutinosa (Dihuang), Common Yam Rhizome (Shanyao) and Cassia-bark-tree Bark (Rougui). Our previous experiments confirmed that TYHX can protect sinoatrial node cells. However, its mechanism of action is not completely understood yet. PURPOSE The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of TYHX against Sinus node cell injury under hypoxic stress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of protection. METHODS Through RNA sequencing analysis and network pharmacology analysis, we found significant differences in mitochondrial-related genes before and after hypoxia-mimicking SNC, resolved the main regulatory mechanism of TYHX. Through the intervention of TYHX on SNC, a series of detection methods such as laser confocal, fluorescence co-localization, mitochondrial membrane potential and RT-PCR. The regulatory effect of TYHX on β-tubulin in sinoatrial node cells was verified by in vitro experiments. The mechanism of action of TYHX and its active ingredient quercetin to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and protect sinoatrial node cells through mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion/fission and mitochondrial biosynthesis was confirmed. RESULTS Through RNA sequencing analysis, we found that there were significant differences in mitochondrial related genes before and after SNC was modeled by hypoxia. Through pharmacological experiments, we showed that TYHX could inhibit the migration of Drp1 to mitochondria, inhibit excessive mitochondrial fission, activate mitophagy and increase the mitochondrial membrane potential. These protective effects were mainly mediated by β-tubulin. Furthermore, the active component quercetin in TYHX could inhibit excessive mitochondrial fission through SIRT1, maintain mitochondrial energy metabolism and protect SNCs. Our results showed that protection of mitochondrial function through the maintenance of β-tubulin and activation of SIRT1 is the main mechanism by which TYHX alleviates hypoxic stress injury in SNCs. The regulatory effects of TYHX and quercetin on mitochondrial quality surveillance are also necessary. Our findings provide empirical evidence supporting the use of TYHX as a targeted treatment for sick sinus syndrome. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that TYHX exerts protective effects against sinus node cell injury under hypoxic stress, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial quality surveillance (MQS) and inhibition of mitochondrial homeostasis-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xuanke Guan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiaomin Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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17
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Zhao S, Ji W, Shen Y, Fan Y, Huang H, Huang J, Lai G, Yuan K, Cheng C. Expression of hub genes of endothelial cells in glioblastoma-A prognostic model for GBM patients integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1274. [PMID: 36474171 PMCID: PMC9724299 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to use single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to discover marker genes in endothelial cells (ECs) and construct a prognostic model for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients in combination with traditional high-throughput RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq). METHODS Bulk RNA-seq data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. 10x scRNA-seq data for GBM were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) were used for downscaling and cluster identification. Key modules and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). A non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF) algorithm was used to identify the different subtypes based on DEGs, and multivariate cox regression analysis to model the prognosis. Finally, differences in mutational landscape, immune cell abundance, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated genes, immunotherapy effects, and enriched pathways were investigated between different risk groups. RESULTS The analysis of scRNA-seq data from eight samples revealed 13 clusters and four cell types. After applying Fisher's exact test, ECs were identified as the most important cell type. The NMF algorithm identified two clusters with different prognostic and immunological features based on DEGs. We finally built a prognostic model based on the expression levels of four key genes. Higher risk scores were significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes, low mutation rates in IDH genes, and upregulation of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and CD276. CONCLUSION We built and validated a 4-gene signature for GBM using 10 scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Ji
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Yifan Shen
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuansheng Fan
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Huang
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Jin Huang
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Guichuan Lai
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Kemiao Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wuxi, No.8, West Zhongnan Road, 214071 Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
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18
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Makarov D, Kielkowski P. Chemical Proteomics Reveals Protein Tyrosination Extends Beyond the Alpha-Tubulins in Human Cells. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200414. [PMID: 36218090 PMCID: PMC10099736 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin detyrosination-tyrosination cycle regulates the stability of microtubules. With respect to α-tubulins, the tyrosination level is maintained by a single tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL). However, the precise dynamics and tubulin isoforms which undergo (de)tyrosination in neurons are unknown. Here, we exploit the substrate promiscuity of the TTL to introduce an O-propargyl-l-tyrosine to neuroblastoma cells and neurons. Mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics in neuroblastoma cells using the O-propargyl-l-tyrosine probe revealed previously discussed tyrosination of TUBA4A, MAPRE1, and other non-tubulin proteins. This finding was further corroborated in differentiating neurons. Together we present the method for tubulin tyrosination profiling in living cells. Our results show that detyrosination-tyrosination is not restricted to α-tubulins with coded C-terminal tyrosine and is thus involved in fine-tuning of the tubulin and non-tubulin proteins during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Makarov
- LMU München, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Epigenetics - Munich (ICEM), Würmtalstrasse 201, 81375, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavel Kielkowski
- LMU München, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Epigenetics - Munich (ICEM), Würmtalstrasse 201, 81375, Munich, Germany
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19
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Comprehensive Multiomic Analysis Identified TUBA1C as a Potential Prognostic Biological Marker of Immune-Related Therapy in Pan-Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9493115. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9493115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TUBA1C is correlated with an unfavourable prognosis and the infiltration of immune cells in several cancers. However, its function as a significant biomarker for the prognosis of immunotherapy in pan-cancer remains unclear. This study aims at assessing the role of TUBA1C in pan-cancer at multiple levels, including mutations, gene expression, methylation, m6A methylation, and immune cell infiltration levels. Data retrieved from major public databases, such as TCGA, GEO, GTEx, GSCA, CancerSEA, HPA, and RNAactDrugs, revealed that TUBA1C expression was high in 33 cancer types. Survival analysis revealed that TUBA1C was a poor prognostic factor for 12 tumour types, and mutations, CNVs, and methylation affected the prognosis of some cancer types. Furthermore, TUBA1C was found to be related to immune-related genes, immune cell infiltration, and the immune microenvironment. In addition, the sensitivity of 10 anticancer drugs was associated with high TUBA1C expression. Therefore, TUBA1C may serve as a viable prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy of pan-cancer.
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20
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Tension of plus-end tracking protein Clip170 confers directionality and aggressiveness during breast cancer migration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:856. [PMID: 36209218 PMCID: PMC9547975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) plus-end binding protein Clip170 is associated closely with breast cancer invasion and migration. In this study, Clip170 tension observed by a newly designed cpstFRET tension probe was suggested to be positive related to breast cancer aggressiveness, which could be regulated by α-tubulin detyrosination-induced MT disassembly. Clip170 phosphorylation induced by Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) could also increase its tension and promote the conversion of a discrete comet-like Clip-170 distribution into a spotty pattern during cancer metastasis. Heightened Clip170 tension was correlated with the formation of cortactin-associated filopodia and lamellipodia, and then promoted invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, Clip170 tension enhanced at the leading edge in directional migration, accompanying with IQGAP1 subcellular distribution variation. Our work indicates that the malignancy and directionality during breast cancer migration depend on the magnitude and polarization of Clip170 tension, and we suggest Clip170 tension as a new potential drug target for breast cancer therapy.
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21
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Schulz L, Werner S, Böttner J, Adams V, Lurz P, Besler C, Thiele H, Büttner P. Tubulin expression and modification in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15734. [PMID: 36131110 PMCID: PMC9492725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterised by increased left ventricular stiffness and impaired active relaxation. Underpinning pathomechanisms are incompletely understood. Cardiac hypertrophy and end stage heart disease are associated with alterations in the cardiac microtubule (MT) network. Increased amounts and modifications of α-tubulin associate with myocardial stiffness. MT alterations in HFpEF have not been analysed yet. Using ZSF1 obese rats (O-ZSF1), a validated HFpEF model, we characterised MT-modifying enzymes, quantity and tyrosination/detyrosination pattern of α-tubulin at 20 and 32 weeks of age. In the left ventricle of O-ZSF1, α-tubulin concentration (20 weeks: 1.5-fold, p = 0.019; 32 weeks: 1.7-fold, p = 0.042) and detyrosination levels (20 weeks: 1.4-fold, p = 0.013; 32 weeks: 1.3-fold, p = 0.074) were increased compared to lean ZSF1 rats. Tyrosination/α-tubulin ratio was lower in O-ZSF1 (20 weeks: 0.8-fold, p = 0.020; 32 weeks: 0.7-fold, p = 0.052). Expression of α-tubulin modifying enzymes was comparable. These results reveal new alterations in the left ventricle in HFpEF that are detectable during early (20 weeks) and late (32 weeks) progression. We suppose that these alterations contribute to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF and that reestablishment of MT homeostasis might represent a new target for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, University Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Besler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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Lafanechère L. The microtubule cytoskeleton: An old validated target for novel therapeutic drugs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969183. [PMID: 36188585 PMCID: PMC9521402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds targeting microtubules are widely used in cancer therapy with a proven efficacy. However, because they also target non-cancerous cells, their administration leads to numerous adverse effects. With the advancement of knowledge on the structure of tubulin, the regulation of microtubule dynamics and their deregulation in pathological processes, new therapeutic strategies are emerging, both for the treatment of cancer and for other diseases, such as neuronal or even heart diseases and parasite infections. In addition, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of well-known drugs such as colchicine or certain kinase inhibitors contributes to the development of these new therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, chemists and biologists are working jointly to select drugs which target the microtubule cytoskeleton and have improved properties. On the basis of a few examples this review attempts to depict the panorama of these recent advances.
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23
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Wang X, Lu Y, Sun D, Qian J, Tu S, Yue W, Lin H, Tang H, Meng F, He Q, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Chen H, Ma S, Zuo Z, Ye F. Discovery of 4-methoxy-N-(1-naphthyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as small molecule dual-target inhibitors of tubulin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) based on ABT-751. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105864. [PMID: 35584606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed tubulin and continuously activated STAT3 play important roles in the development of many cancers and are potential therapeutic targets. A series of 4-methoxy-N -(1-naphthalene) benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and optimized based on β-tubulin inhibitor ABT-751 to verify whether STAT3 and tubulin dual target inhibitors have better antitumor effects. Compound DL14 showed strong inhibitory activity against A549, MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cells in vitro with IC50 values of 1.35 μM, 2.85 μM and 3.04 μM, respectively. Further experiments showed that DL14 not only competitively bound to colchicine binding site to inhibit tubulin polymerization with IC50 values 0.83 μM, but also directly bound to STAT3 protein to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation with IC50 value of 6.84 μM. Three other compounds (TG03, DL15, and DL16) also inhibit this phosphorylation. In terms of single target inhibition, DL14 is slightly inferior to positive drugs, but it shows a good anti-tumor effect in vivo, and can inhibit >80% of xenograft tumor growth. This study describes a novel 4-methoxy-N-(1-naphthyl) benzenesulfonamide skeleton as an effective double-targeted anticancer agent targeting STAT3 and tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Doudou Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jinheng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Sijun Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Weixia Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Humin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Haijie Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fanxi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qin He
- Dong Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Zixin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China.
| | - Shumei Ma
- Platform for Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness of Southern Zhejiang, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Zhigui Zuo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Faqing Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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24
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Müller M, Gorek L, Kamm N, Jacob R. Manipulation of the Tubulin Code Alters Directional Cell Migration and Ciliogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901999. [PMID: 35903547 PMCID: PMC9315229 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunction of epithelial cells into monolayer sheets implies the ability to migrate and to undergo apicobasal polarization. Both processes comprise reorganization of cytoskeletal elements and rearrangements of structural protein interactions. We modulated expression of tubulin tyrosin ligase (TTL), the enzyme that adds tyrosine to the carboxy terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin, to study the role of tubulin detyrosination/-tyrosination in the orientation of cell motility and in epithelial morphogenesis. Oriented cell migration and the organization of focal adhesions significantly lose directionality with diminishing amounts of microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin. On the other hand, increasing quantities of detyrosinated tubulin results in faster plus end elongation of microtubules in migrating and in polarized epithelial cells. These plus ends are decorated by the plus end binding protein 1 (EB1), which mediates interaction between microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin and the integrin-ILK complex at focal adhesions. EB1 accumulates at the apical cell pole at the base of the primary cilium following apicobasal polarization. Polarized cells almost devoid of detyrosinated tubulin form stunted primary cilia and multiluminal cysts in 3D-matrices. We conclude that the balance between detyrosinated and tyrosinated tubulin alters microtubule dynamics, affects the orientation of focal adhesions and determines the organization of primary cilia on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Müller
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodelling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Gorek
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Kamm
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodelling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Jacob,
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25
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Grignard J, Lamamy V, Vermersch E, Delagrange P, Stephan JP, Dorval T, Fages F. Mathematical modeling of the microtubule detyrosination/tyrosination cycle for cell-based drug screening design. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010236. [PMID: 35759459 PMCID: PMC9236252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and their post-translational modifications are involved in major cellular processes. In severe diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, tyrosinated tubulin and tyrosinated microtubules are in lower concentration. We present here a mechanistic mathematical model of the microtubule tyrosination cycle combining computational modeling and high-content image analyses to understand the key kinetic parameters governing the tyrosination status in different cellular models. That mathematical model is parameterized, firstly, for neuronal cells using kinetic values taken from the literature, and, secondly, for proliferative cells, by a change of two parameter values obtained, and shown minimal, by a continuous optimization procedure based on temporal logic constraints to formalize experimental high-content imaging data. In both cases, the mathematical models explain the inability to increase the tyrosination status by activating the Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase enzyme. The tyrosinated tubulin is indeed the product of a chain of two reactions in the cycle: the detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization followed by its tyrosination. The tyrosination status at equilibrium is thus limited by both reaction rates and activating the tyrosination reaction alone is not effective. Our computational model also predicts the effect of inhibiting the Tubulin Carboxy Peptidase enzyme which we have experimentally validated in MEF cellular model. Furthermore, the model predicts that the activation of two particular kinetic parameters, the tyrosination and detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization rate constants, in synergy, should suffice to enable an increase of the tyrosination status in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Grignard
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - Véronique Lamamy
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eva Vermersch
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Therapeutic Area Neuropsychiatry and Immunoinflammation, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Stephan
- In Vitro Pharmacology Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Dorval
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - François Fages
- Team Project Lifeware, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Inria Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
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26
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Landskron L, Bak J, Adamopoulos A, Kaplani K, Moraiti M, van den Hengel LG, Song JY, Bleijerveld OB, Nieuwenhuis J, Heidebrecht T, Henneman L, Moutin MJ, Barisic M, Taraviras S, Perrakis A, Brummelkamp TR. Posttranslational modification of microtubules by the MATCAP detyrosinase. Science 2022; 376:eabn6020. [PMID: 35482892 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The detyrosination-tyrosination cycle involves the removal and religation of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin and is implicated in cognitive, cardiac, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin-small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) complex underlies much, but not all, detyrosination. We used haploid genetic screens to identify an unannotated protein, microtubule associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP), as a remaining detyrosinating enzyme. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures established MATCAP's cleaving mechanism, substrate specificity, and microtubule recognition. Paradoxically, whereas abrogation of tyrosine religation is lethal in mice, codeletion of MATCAP and SVBP is not. Although viable, defective detyrosination caused microcephaly, associated with proliferative defects during neurogenesis, and abnormal behavior. Thus, MATCAP is a missing component of the detyrosination-tyrosination cycle, revealing the importance of this modification in brain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Landskron
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Bak
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Athanassios Adamopoulos
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Kaplani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Moraiti
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa G van den Hengel
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joppe Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Heidebrecht
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Fulton C. The Amazing Evolutionary Complexity of Eukaryotic Tubulins: Lessons from Naegleria and the Multi-tubulin Hypothesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867374. [PMID: 35547824 PMCID: PMC9081340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-tubulin hypothesis proposed in 1976 was motivated by finding that the tubulin to build the flagellar apparatus was synthesized de novo during the optional differentiation of Naegleria from walking amoebae to swimming flagellates. In the next decade, with the tools of cloning and sequencing, we were able to establish that the rate of flagellar tubulin synthesis in Naegleria is determined by the abundance of flagellar α- and β-tubulin mRNAs. These experiments also established that the tubulins for Naegleria mitosis were encoded by separate, divergent genes, candidates for which remain incompletely characterized. Meanwhile an unanticipated abundance of tubulin isotypes has been discovered by other researchers. Together with the surprises of genome complexity, these tubulin isotypes require us to rethink how we might utilize the opportunities and challenges offered by the evolutionary diversity of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler Fulton
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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28
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Mifune T, Tanabe K, Nakashima Y, Tanimura S, Sugiyama H, Sato Y, Wada J. Vasohibin-1 has α-tubulin detyrosinating activity in glomerular podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:93-99. [PMID: 35180473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells in glomeruli, with a complex morphology composed of a cell body, primary processes, and foot processes, which maintain barrier function in glomerular filtration. The microtubule-based cytoskeleton is necessary for podocyte morphology. Microtubule structure and function can be affected by post-translational modification of tubulin, including detyrosination. Recent studies have shown that vasohibin-1 (VASH1), an antiangiogenic factor, has tubulin carboxypeptidase activity that causes detyrosination of α-tubulin. We aimed to examine the role of VASH1 in regulating α-tubulin detyrosination in podocytes and the potential involvement of VASH1 deficiency in renal morphology. In normal mouse kidneys, detyrosinated α-tubulin was mainly identified in glomeruli, especially in podocytes; meanwhile, in cultured immortalized podocytes, α-tubulin detyrosination was promoted with cell differentiation. Notably, α-tubulin detyrosination in glomeruli was diminished in Vash1 homozygous knockout (Vash1-/-) mice, and knockdown of VASH1 in cultured podocytes prevented α-tubulin detyrosination. Although VASH1 deficiency-induced downregulation of detyrosination caused no remarkable glomerular lesions, urinary albuminuria excretion and glomerular volume were significantly higher in Vash1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Furthermore, decreased glomerular nephrin expression and narrower slit diaphragms width were observed in Vash1-/- mice. Taken together, we demonstrated that α-tubulin detyrosination in podocytes was mainly regulated by VASH1 and that VASH1 deficiency-mediated decreases in α-tubulin detyrosination led to minor alterations in podocyte morphology and predisposition to albuminuria. VASH1 expression and α-tubulin detyrosination may be novel targets for maintaining glomerular filtration barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Mifune
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuri Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanimura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Human Resource Development of Dialysis Therapy for Kidney Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Lu YM, Zheng C. The Expression and Function of Tubulin Isotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:860065. [PMID: 35399537 PMCID: PMC8987236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.860065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, made from the polymerization of the highly conserved α/β-tubulin heterodimers, serve as important components of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells. The existence of multiple tubulin isotypes in metazoan genomes and a dazzling variety of tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) prompted the “tubulin code” hypothesis, which proposed that microtubule structure and functions are determined by the tubulin composition and PTMs. Evidence for the tubulin code has emerged from studies in several organisms with the characterization of specific tubulins for their expression and functions. The studies of tubulin PTMs are accelerated by the discovery of the enzymes that add or remove the PTMs. In tubulin research, the use of simple organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, has been instrumental for understanding the expression and functional specialization of tubulin isotypes and the effects of their PTMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the expression patterns and cellular functions of the nine α-tubulin and six β-tubulin isotypes. Expression studies are greatly facilitated by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated endogenous GFP knock-in reporters and the organism-wide single cell transcriptomic studies. Meanwhile, functional studies benefit from the ease of genetic manipulation and precise gene replacement in C. elegans. These studies identified both ubiquitously expressed tubulin isotypes and tissue-specific isotypes. The isotypes showed functional redundancy, as well as functional specificity, which is likely caused by the subtle differences in their amino acid sequences. Many of these differences concentrate at the C-terminal tails that are subjected to several PTMs. Indeed, tubulin PTM, such as polyglutamylation, is shown to modulate microtubule organization and properties in both ciliated and non-ciliated neurons. Overall, studies from C. elegans support the distinct expression and function patterns of tubulin isotypes and the importance of their PTMs and offer the promise of cracking the tubulin code at the whole-genome and the whole-organism level.
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Bär J, Popp Y, Bucher M, Mikhaylova M. Direct and indirect effects of tubulin post-translational modifications on microtubule stability: Insights and regulations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119241. [PMID: 35181405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) mediate various cellular functions such as structural support, chromosome segregation, and intracellular transport. To achieve this, the pivotal properties of MTs have to be changeable and tightly controlled. This is enabled by a high variety of tubulin posttranslational modifications, which influence MT properties directly, via altering the MT lattice structurally, or indirectly by changing MT interaction partners. Here, the distinction between these direct and indirect effects of MT PTMs are exemplified by acetylation of the luminal α-tubulin K40 resulting in decreased rigidity of MTs, and by MT detyrosination which decreases interaction with depolymerizing proteins, thus causing more stable MTs. We discuss how these PTMs are reversed and regulated, e.g. on the level of enzyme transcription, localization, and activity via various signalling pathways including the conventional calcium-dependent proteases calpains and how advances in microscopy techniques and development of live-sensors facilitate the understanding of MT PTM interaction and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bär
- RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Guest Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yannes Popp
- RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Guest Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Bucher
- RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Guest Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Guest Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Differential requirements for different subfamilies of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes in myoblast cell cycle progression and expression of the Pax7 regulator. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194801. [PMID: 35217218 PMCID: PMC8948540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) families of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes are established co-regulators of gene expression. mSWI/SNF complexes can be assembled into three major subfamilies: BAF (BRG1 or BRM-Associated Factor), PBAF (Polybromo containing BAF), or ncBAF (non-canonical BAF) that are distinguished by the presence of mutually exclusive subunits. The mechanisms by which each subfamily contributes to the establishment or function of specific cell lineages are poorly understood. Here, we determined the contributions of the BAF, ncBAF, and PBAF complexes to myoblast proliferation via knock down (KD) of distinguishing subunits from each complex. KD of subunits unique to the BAF or the ncBAF complexes reduced myoblast proliferation rate, while KD of PBAF-specific subunits did not affect proliferation. RNA-seq from proliferating KD myoblasts targeting Baf250A (BAF complex), Brd9 (ncBAF complex), or Baf180 (PBAF complex) showed mis-regulation of a limited number of genes. KD of Baf250A specifically reduced the expression of Pax7, which is required for myoblast proliferation, concomitant with decreased binding of Baf250A to and impaired chromatin remodeling at the Pax7 gene promoter. Although Brd9 also bound to the Pax7 promoter, suggesting occupancy by the ncBAF complex, no changes were detected in Pax7 gene expression, Pax7 protein expression or chromatin remodeling at the Pax7 promoter upon Brd9 KD. The data indicate that the BAF subfamily of the mSWI/SNF enzymes is specifically required for myoblast proliferation via regulation of Pax7 expression.
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Sun CY, Chen GD, He BC, Fu WE, Lee CH, Leu YW, Hsiao SH. Dysregulated HIC1 and RassF1A expression in vitro alters the cell cytoskeleton and exosomal Piwi-interacting RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 594:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Trans-cinnamaldehyde suppresses microtubule detyrosination and alleviates cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174687. [PMID: 34883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is a main compound of Cinnamomum cassia, used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat many ailments. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCA in cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE The present study aimed to determine whether TCA exerts antihypertrophic effects in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects. METHODS Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) and adult mouse cardiac myocytes (AMCMs) were treated with 50 μΜ phenylephrine (PE) for 48 h. Tubulin detyrosination, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1)/Orai1 translocation, and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathways were analyzed in NRCMs. Meanwhile, tubulin detyrosination, junctophilin-2, T-tubule distribution pattern, Ca2+ handling, and sarcomere shortening were observed in AMCMs. Male C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with PE (70 mg/kg per day) with or without TCA treatment for 2 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy and tubulin detyrosination were also assessed. RESULTS TCA was confirmed to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy induced by PE stimulation in vitro and in vivo. PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy was associated with excessive tubulin detyrosination and overexpression of vasohibin 1 (VASH1) and small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP), two key proteins responsible for tubulin detyrosination. These effects were largely blocked by TCA administration. PE treatment also enhanced SOCE with massive translocation of STIM1 and Orai1, Ca2+ mishandling, reduced sarcomere shortening, junctophilin-2, and T-tubule redistribution, all of which were significantly ameliorated by TCA administration. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of TCA against cardiac hypertrophy may be associated with its ability to reduce tubulin detyrosination.
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Trisciuoglio D, Degrassi F. The Tubulin Code and Tubulin-Modifying Enzymes in Autophagy and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010006. [PMID: 35008169 PMCID: PMC8750717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microtubules are tubulin polymers that constitute the structure of eukaryotic cells. They control different cell functions that are often deregulated in cancer, such as cell shape, cell motility and the intracellular movement of organelles. Here, we focus on the crucial role of tubulin modifications in determining different cancer characteristics, including metastatic cell migration and therapy resistance. We also discuss the influence of microtubule modifications on the autophagic process—the cellular degradation pathway that influences cancer growth. We discuss findings showing that inducing microtubule modifications can be used as a means to kill cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy. Abstract Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule dynamic instability together with the “tubulin code” generated by the choice of different α- and β- tubulin isoforms and tubulin post-translational modifications have essential roles in the control of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking, that are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss available evidence that highlights the crucial role of the tubulin code in determining different cancer phenotypes, including metastatic cell migration, drug resistance, and tumor vascularization, and the influence of modulating tubulin-modifying enzymes on cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. We will also discuss the role of post-translationally modified microtubules in autophagy—the lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation pathway—that exerts a dual role in many cancer types, either promoting or suppressing cancer growth. We will give particular emphasis to the role of tubulin post-translational modifications and their regulating enzymes in controlling the different stages of the autophagic process in cancer cells, and consider how the experimental modulation of tubulin-modifying enzymes influences the autophagic process in cancer cells and impacts on cancer cell survival and thereby represents a new and fruitful avenue in cancer therapy.
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Guichard P, Laporte MH, Hamel V. The centriolar tubulin code. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:16-25. [PMID: 34896019 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based cell organelles present in most eukaryotes. They participate in the control of cell division as part of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing center of the cell, and are also essential for the formation of primary and motile cilia. During centriole assembly as well as across its lifetime, centriolar tubulin display marks defined by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glutamylation or acetylation. To date, the functions of these PTMs at centrioles are not well understood, although pioneering experiments suggest a role in the stability of this organelle. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding PTMs at centrioles with a particular focus on a possible link between these modifications and centriole's architecture, and propose possible hypothesis regarding centriolar tubulin PTMs's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Gui S, Chen P, Liu Y, Chen Q, Cheng T, Lv S, Zhou T, Song Z, Xiao J, He W, Yuan S, Cheng Z. TUBA1C expression promotes proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and indicates poor prognosis in glioma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:130-138. [PMID: 34517210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the major type of primary brain tumors. Accumulating research has demonstrated that tubulin is connected with the development and malignant progression of tumors. TUBA1C is a subtype of α-tubulin and is linked to prognosis in multiple cancers. In this study, the prognosis-related gene TUBA1C in glioma was identified and analyzed by bioinformatic approaches such as Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival time analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and functional enrichment analysis. Based on the above analyses, we found that glioma tissues had significantly higher expression of TUBA1C than normal brain tissues, and high expression of TUBA1C has worse prognosis in glioma. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the signaling pathways related to the cell cycle. Furthermore, knockdown of TUBA1C also inhibited proliferation and migration and caused apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in glioma cells. This study demonstrated that high TUBA1C expression correlated with poor outcomes in glioma patients and that knocking down TUBA1C suppressed glioma cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest. In addition, TUBA1C might be a therapeutic biomarker for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Qiaorong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Tianxiang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Shulong Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Juexian Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Zujue Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
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Ghasemizadeh A, Christin E, Guiraud A, Couturier N, Abitbol M, Risson V, Girard E, Jagla C, Soler C, Laddada L, Sanchez C, Jaque-Fernandez FI, Jacquemond V, Thomas JL, Lanfranchi M, Courchet J, Gondin J, Schaeffer L, Gache V. MACF1 controls skeletal muscle function through the microtubule-dependent localization of extra-synaptic myonuclei and mitochondria biogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e70490. [PMID: 34448452 PMCID: PMC8500715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds of multinucleated muscle fibers (myofibers) whose myonuclei are regularly positioned all along the myofiber's periphery except the few ones clustered underneath the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the synaptic zone. This precise myonuclei organization is altered in different types of muscle disease, including centronuclear myopathies (CNMs). However, the molecular machinery regulating myonuclei position and organization in mature myofibers remains largely unknown. Conversely, it is also unclear how peripheral myonuclei positioning is lost in the related muscle diseases. Here, we describe the microtubule-associated protein, MACF1, as an essential and evolutionary conserved regulator of myonuclei positioning and maintenance, in cultured mammalian myotubes, in Drosophila muscle, and in adult mammalian muscle using a conditional muscle-specific knockout mouse model. In vitro, we show that MACF1 controls microtubules dynamics and contributes to microtubule stabilization during myofiber's maturation. In addition, we demonstrate that MACF1 regulates the microtubules density specifically around myonuclei, and, as a consequence, governs myonuclei motion. Our in vivo studies show that MACF1 deficiency is associated with alteration of extra-synaptic myonuclei positioning and microtubules network organization, both preceding NMJ fragmentation. Accordingly, MACF1 deficiency results in reduced muscle excitability and disorganized triads, leaving voltage-activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and maximal muscle force unchanged. Finally, adult MACF1-KO mice present an improved resistance to fatigue correlated with a strong increase in mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghasemizadeh
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emilie Christin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Alexandre Guiraud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marie Abitbol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
- Université Marcy l’Etoile, VetAgro SupLyonFrance
| | - Valerie Risson
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Jagla
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Cedric Soler
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Lilia Laddada
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Francisco-Ignacio Jaque-Fernandez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Jean-Luc Thomas
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Courchet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Gache
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
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Fiorenza SA, Steckhahn DG, Betterton MD. Modeling spatiotemporally varying protein-protein interactions in CyLaKS, the Cytoskeleton Lattice-based Kinetic Simulator. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:105. [PMID: 34406510 PMCID: PMC10202044 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of cytoskeletal filaments, motor proteins, and crosslinking proteins drives important cellular processes such as cell division and cell movement. Cytoskeletal networks also exhibit nonequilibrium self-assembly in reconstituted systems. An emerging problem in cytoskeletal modeling and simulation is spatiotemporal alteration of the dynamics of filaments, motors, and associated proteins. This can occur due to motor crowding, obstacles along the filament, motor interactions and direction switching, and changes, defects, or heterogeneity in the filament binding lattice. How such spatiotemporally varying cytoskeletal filaments and motor interactions affect their collective properties is not fully understood. We developed the Cytoskeleton Lattice-based Kinetic Simulator (CyLaKS) to investigate such problems. The simulation model builds on previous work by incorporating motor mechanochemistry into a simulation with many interacting motors and/or associated proteins on a discretized lattice. CyLaKS also includes detailed balance in binding kinetics, movement, and lattice heterogeneity. The simulation framework is flexible and extensible for future modeling work and is available on GitHub for others to freely use or build upon. Here we illustrate the use of CyLaKS to study long-range motor interactions, microtubule lattice heterogeneity, motion of a heterodimeric motor, and how changing crosslinker number affects filament separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Fiorenza
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
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Gould NR, Torre OM, Leser JM, Stains JP. The cytoskeleton and connected elements in bone cell mechano-transduction. Bone 2021; 149:115971. [PMID: 33892173 PMCID: PMC8217329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a mechano-responsive tissue that adapts to changes in its mechanical environment. Increases in strain lead to increased bone mass acquisition, whereas decreases in strain lead to a loss of bone mass. Given that mechanical stress is a regulator of bone mass and quality, it is important to understand how bone cells sense and transduce these mechanical cues into biological changes to identify druggable targets that can be exploited to restore bone cell mechano-sensitivity or to mimic mechanical load. Many studies have identified individual cytoskeletal components - microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments - as mechano-sensors in bone. However, given the high interconnectedness and interaction between individual cytoskeletal components, and that they can assemble into multiple discreet cellular structures, it is likely that the cytoskeleton as a whole, rather than one specific component, is necessary for proper bone cell mechano-transduction. This review will examine the role of each cytoskeletal element in bone cell mechano-transduction and will present a unified view of how these elements interact and work together to create a mechano-sensor that is necessary to control bone formation following mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Gould
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA..
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40
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Chen L, Kashina A. Post-translational Modifications of the Protein Termini. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719590. [PMID: 34395449 PMCID: PMC8358657 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) involve enzyme-mediated covalent addition of functional groups to proteins during or after synthesis. These modifications greatly increase biological complexity and are responsible for orders of magnitude change between the variety of proteins encoded in the genome and the variety of their biological functions. Many of these modifications occur at the protein termini, which contain reactive amino- and carboxy-groups of the polypeptide chain and often are pre-primed through the actions of cellular machinery to expose highly reactive residues. Such modifications have been known for decades, but only a few of them have been functionally characterized. The vast majority of eukaryotic proteins are N- and C-terminally modified by acetylation, arginylation, tyrosination, lipidation, and many others. Post-translational modifications of the protein termini have been linked to different normal and disease-related processes and constitute a rapidly emerging area of biological regulation. Here we highlight recent progress in our understanding of post-translational modifications of the protein termini and outline the role that these modifications play in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Zhen Z, Shen Z, Hu Y, Sun P. Screening and identification of angiogenesis-related genes as potential novel prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17707-17733. [PMID: 34252885 PMCID: PMC8312452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, which makes the prognostic prediction challenging. Angiogenesis appears to be of critical importance in the progression and metastasis of HCC. Some of the angiogenesis-related genes promote this process, while other anti-angiogenesis genes suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, the comprehensive prognostic value of multiple angiogenesis-related genes in HCC needs to be further clarified. In this study, the mRNA expression profile of HCC patients and the corresponding clinical data were acquired from multiple public databases. Univariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to screen out differentially expressed angiogenesis-related genes with prognostic value. A multigene signature was established with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, and validated through an independent cohort. The results suggested that a total of 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with overall survival (OS) and a 7-gene signature was constructed. The risk score of each patient was calculated using this signature, the median value of which was used to divide these patients into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Compared with the low-risk group, the patients in the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. The risk score was an independent predictor for OS through multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, unsupervised learning was used to verify the validity of this 7-gene signature. A nomogram by further integrating clinical information and the prognostic signature was utilized to predict prognostic risk and individual OS. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that these DEGs were enriched in the pathways of cell proliferation and mitosis, and the immune cell infiltration was significantly different between the two risk groups. In summary, a novel angiogenesis-related genes signature could be used to predict the prognosis of HCC and for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhen
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Paediatrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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42
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Ferreira LT, Maiato H. Prometaphase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:52-61. [PMID: 34127384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a metaphase plate in which all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle microtubules and aligned at the cell equator is required for faithful chromosome segregation in metazoans. The achievement of this configuration relies on the precise coordination between several concurrent mechanisms that start upon nuclear envelope breakdown, mediate chromosome capture at their kinetochores during mitotic spindle assembly and culminate with the congression of all chromosomes to the spindle equator. This period is called 'prometaphase'. Because the nature of chromosome capture by mitotic spindle microtubules is error prone, the cell is provided of error correction mechanisms that sense and correct most erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments before committing to separate sister chromatids in anaphase. In this review, aimed for newcomers in the field, more than providing an exhaustive mechanistic coverage of each and every concurrent mechanism taking place during prometaphase, we provide an integrative overview of these processes that ultimately promote the subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa T Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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43
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating “dying back” neuropathy featuring a distal-to-proximal peripheral nerve degeneration seen in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The pathogenenic mechanisms of CIPN are largely unknown. We report that in sensory neurons, the CIPN-inducing drug bortezomib caused axonopathy and disrupted mitochondria motility by increasing delta 2 tubulin (D2), the only irreversible tubulin posttranslational modification and a marker of hyper-stable microtubules. These data provide a new paradigm for the risk associated with enhanced tubulin longevity in peripheral neuropathy and suggest that targeting the enzymes regulating this tubulin modification may provide therapies that prevent the axonal injury observed in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy. The pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is poorly understood. Here, we report that the CIPN-causing drug bortezomib (Bort) promotes delta 2 tubulin (D2) accumulation while affecting microtubule stability and dynamics in sensory neurons in vitro and in vivo and that the accumulation of D2 is predominant in unmyelinated fibers and a hallmark of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) in humans. Furthermore, while D2 overexpression was sufficient to cause axonopathy and inhibit mitochondria motility, reduction of D2 levels alleviated both axonal degeneration and the loss of mitochondria motility induced by Bort. Together, our data demonstrate that Bort, a compound structurally unrelated to tubulin poisons, affects the tubulin cytoskeleton in sensory neurons in vitro, in vivo, and in human tissue, indicating that the pathogenic mechanisms of seemingly unrelated CIPN drugs may converge on tubulin damage. The results reveal a previously unrecognized pathogenic role for D2 in BIPN that may occur through altered regulation of mitochondria motility.
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Barisic M, Rajendraprasad G, Steblyanko Y. The metaphase spindle at steady state - Mechanism and functions of microtubule poleward flux. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:99-117. [PMID: 34053864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a bipolar cellular structure, built from tubulin polymers, called microtubules, and interacting proteins. This macromolecular machine orchestrates chromosome segregation, thereby ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material into the two daughter cells during cell division. Powered by GTP hydrolysis upon tubulin polymerization, the microtubule ends exhibit a metastable behavior known as the dynamic instability, during which they stochastically switch between the growth and shrinkage phases. In the context of the mitotic spindle, dynamic instability is furthermore regulated by microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, which enables the spindle to undergo profound changes during mitosis. This highly dynamic behavior is essential for chromosome capture and congression in prometaphase, as well as for chromosome alignment to the spindle equator in metaphase and their segregation in anaphase. In this review we focus on the mechanisms underlying microtubule dynamics and sliding and their importance for the maintenance of shape, structure and dynamics of the metaphase spindle. We discuss how these spindle properties are related to the phenomenon of microtubule poleward flux, highlighting its highly cooperative molecular basis and role in keeping the metaphase spindle at a steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Gao T, Gao Y, Liu X, Nie Z, Sun H, Lin K, Peng H, Wang S. Identification and functional analysis of the SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid protein. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 33618668 PMCID: PMC7898026 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A severe form of pneumonia, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization is widespread on the whole world. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was proved to be the main agent of COVID-19. In the present study, we conducted an in depth analysis of the SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid to identify potential targets that may allow identification of therapeutic targets. METHODS The SARS-COV-2 N protein subcellular localization and physicochemical property was analyzed by PSORT II Prediction and ProtParam tool. Then SOPMA tool and swiss-model was applied to analyze the structure of N protein. Next, the biological function was explored by mass spectrometry analysis and flow cytometry. At last, its potential phosphorylation sites were analyzed by NetPhos3.1 Server and PROVEAN PROTEIN. RESULTS SARS-COV-2 N protein composed of 419 aa, is a 45.6 kDa positively charged unstable hydrophobic protein. It has 91 and 49% similarity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and is predicted to be predominantly a nuclear protein. It mainly contains random coil (55.13%) of which the tertiary structure was further determined with high reliability (95.76%). Cells transfected with SARS-COV-2 N protein usually show a G1/S phase block company with an increased expression of TUBA1C, TUBB6. At last, our analysis of SARS-COV-2 N protein predicted a total number of 12 phosphorylated sites and 9 potential protein kinases which would significantly affect SARS-COV-2 N protein function. CONCLUSION In this study, we report the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, and biological function of SARS-COV-2 N protein. The 12 phosphorylated sites and 9 potential protein kinase sites in SARS-COV-2 N protein may serve as promising targets for drug discovery and development for of a recombinant virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Gao
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdong Gao
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxin Peng
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China. .,Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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46
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Hotta T, Haynes SE, Blasius TL, Gebbie M, Eberhardt EL, Sept D, Cianfrocco M, Verhey KJ, Nesvizhskii AI, Ohi R. Parthenolide Destabilizes Microtubules by Covalently Modifying Tubulin. Curr Biol 2021; 31:900-907.e6. [PMID: 33482110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Detyrosination of the α-tubulin C-terminal tail is a post-translational modification (PTM) of microtubules that is key for many biological processes.1 Although detyrosination is the oldest known microtubule PTM,2-7 the carboxypeptidase responsible for this modification, VASH1/2-SVBP, was identified only 3 years ago,8,9 precluding genetic approaches to prevent detyrosination. Studies examining the cellular functions of detyrosination have therefore relied on a natural product, parthenolide, which is widely believed to block detyrosination of α-tubulin in cells, presumably by inhibiting the activity of the relevant carboxypeptidase(s).10 Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone that forms covalent linkages predominantly with exposed thiol groups; e.g., on cysteine residues.11-13 Using mass spectrometry, we show that parthenolide forms adducts on both cysteine and histidine residues on tubulin itself, in vitro and in cells. Parthenolide causes tubulin protein aggregation and prevents the formation of microtubules. In contrast to epoY, an epoxide inhibitor of VASH1/2-SVBP,9 parthenolide does not block VASH1-SVBP activity in vitro. Lastly, we show that epoY is an efficacious inhibitor of microtubule detyrosination in cells, providing an alternative chemical means to block detyrosination. Collectively, our work supports the notion that parthenolide is a promiscuous inhibitor of many cellular processes and suggests that its ability to block detyrosination may be an indirect consequence of reducing the polymerization-competent pool of tubulin in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hotta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teresa L Blasius
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margo Gebbie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily L Eberhardt
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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47
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Schuldt M, Pei J, Harakalova M, Dorsch LM, Schlossarek S, Mokry M, Knol JC, Pham TV, Schelfhorst T, Piersma SR, Dos Remedios C, Dalinghaus M, Michels M, Asselbergs FW, Moutin MJ, Carrier L, Jimenez CR, van der Velden J, Kuster DWD. Proteomic and Functional Studies Reveal Detyrosinated Tubulin as Treatment Target in Sarcomere Mutation-Induced Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007022. [PMID: 33430602 PMCID: PMC7819533 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease. While ≈50% of patients with HCM carry a sarcomere gene mutation (sarcomere mutation-positive, HCMSMP), the genetic background is unknown in the other half of the patients (sarcomere mutation-negative, HCMSMN). Genotype-specific differences have been reported in cardiac function. Moreover, HCMSMN patients have later disease onset and a better prognosis than HCMSMP patients. To define if genotype-specific derailments at the protein level may explain the heterogeneity in disease development, we performed a proteomic analysis in cardiac tissue from a clinically well-phenotyped HCM patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (M.S., L.M.D., J.v.d.V., D.W.D.K.)
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (J.P., M.H., F.W.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (J.P., M.H., F.W.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa M Dorsch
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (M.S., L.M.D., J.v.d.V., D.W.D.K.)
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (S.S., L.C.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (M. Morky), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.K., T.V.P., T.S., S.R.P., C.R.J.)
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.K., T.V.P., T.S., S.R.P., C.R.J.)
| | - Tim Schelfhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.K., T.V.P., T.S., S.R.P., C.R.J.)
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.K., T.V.P., T.S., S.R.P., C.R.J.)
| | - Cris Dos Remedios
- Sydney Heart Bank, Discipline of Anatomy, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (C.d.R.)
| | - Michiel Dalinghaus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (M.D.), Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center (M. Michels), Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (J.P., M.H., F.W.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences (F.W.A.), University College London, United Kingdom.,Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics (F.W.A.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (M.-J.M.)
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (S.S., L.C.)
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.K., T.V.P., T.S., S.R.P., C.R.J.)
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (M.S., L.M.D., J.v.d.V., D.W.D.K.)
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (M.S., L.M.D., J.v.d.V., D.W.D.K.)
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Bora G, Hensel N, Rademacher S, Koyunoğlu D, Sunguroğlu M, Aksu-Mengeş E, Balcı-Hayta B, Claus P, Erdem-Yurter H. Microtubule-associated protein 1B dysregulates microtubule dynamics and neuronal mitochondrial transport in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3935-3944. [PMID: 33410474 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating childhood disease primarily affecting lower motoneurons in the spinal cord. SMA is caused by the loss of functional survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein, leading to structural and functional alterations of the cytoskeleton in motoneurons and other cells. Loss of SMN results in impairments of microtubule architecture, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we mechanistically analyzed the effects of SMN deficiency on microtubules, demonstrating a reduced stability together with a reduction in alpha tubulin detyrosination. This was caused by increased levels of microtubule-associated protein 1B and tubulin tyrosine ligase, resulting in mitochondrial mislocalization in SMA. Our findings suggest that altered tubulin post-translational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins are involved in the pathomechanisms of SMA, such as an impaired axonal transport of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bora
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dila Koyunoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Merve Sunguroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aksu-Mengeş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balcı-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hayat Erdem-Yurter
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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49
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50
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Ferreira LT, Orr B, Rajendraprasad G, Pereira AJ, Lemos C, Lima JT, Guasch Boldú C, Ferreira JG, Barisic M, Maiato H. α-Tubulin detyrosination impairs mitotic error correction by suppressing MCAK centromeric activity. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133849. [PMID: 32328631 PMCID: PMC7147099 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorrect kinetochore–microtubule attachments during mitosis can lead to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of human cancers. Mitotic error correction relies on the kinesin-13 MCAK, a microtubule depolymerase whose activity in vitro is suppressed by α-tubulin detyrosination—a posttranslational modification enriched on long-lived microtubules. However, whether and how MCAK activity required for mitotic error correction is regulated by α-tubulin detyrosination remains unknown. Here we found that detyrosinated α-tubulin accumulates on correct, more stable, kinetochore–microtubule attachments. Experimental manipulation of tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) or carboxypeptidase (Vasohibins-SVBP) activities to constitutively increase α-tubulin detyrosination near kinetochores compromised efficient error correction, without affecting overall kinetochore microtubule stability. Rescue experiments indicate that MCAK centromeric activity was required and sufficient to correct the mitotic errors caused by excessive α-tubulin detyrosination independently of its global impact on microtubule dynamics. Thus, microtubules are not just passive elements during mitotic error correction, and the extent of α-tubulin detyrosination allows centromeric MCAK to discriminate correct vs. incorrect kinetochore–microtubule attachments, thereby promoting mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa T Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - António J Pereira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana T Lima
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clàudia Guasch Boldú
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovacão em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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