1
|
Chen P, Yao H, Yuan Q, Li P, Wang X, Su W, Wang Y, Li P. Discovery of the possible mechanisms in kouyanqing granule for treatment of oral ulcers based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:258. [PMID: 32811507 PMCID: PMC7436979 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral ulcer diseases are complex inflammatory diseases caused by multi-factors, which severely impact patient quality of life. Kouyanqing Granule (KYQG) has been used to treat inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), traumatic ulcers, oral leukoplakia and so on. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of KYQG in treating these diseases are still unclear. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms in KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. Methods An innovative network pharmacology method was established by incorporating targets searching and fishing, network analysis, and silico validation to discover the pharmacological mechanisms of action of KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. Then, we verified the reliability of this method by an animal experiment. Results Our data indicated that a total of 47 key targets were screened, which mainly involved in three function modules including the inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immunological response, and the suppression of oxidative stress. The implementation of these functions relies on the complex multi-pathways network, especially TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The results of the experimental verification indicated that KYQG significantly inhibited the serum levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with oral ulcer. Conclusion KYQG exhibited the therapeutic effects on oral ulcers probably by inhibiting inflammation, regulating immunological response, and suppressing oxidative stress through a complex multi-pathways network. Particularly, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway may play crucial roles in the protection of KYQG against oral ulcers. This work not only offers a method for understanding the functional mechanisms of KYQG for treating oral ulcer diseases from a multi-scale perspective but also may provide an efficient way for research and development of complex composition formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- The school of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Huang X, Tian Y, Yan X, Wang F, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Yuan X. Phosphorylated GSK‑3β protects stress‑induced apoptosis of myoblasts via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:317-327. [PMID: 32377749 PMCID: PMC7248528 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial jaw muscle is involved in the occurrence, development, treatment and maintenance of maxillofacial deformities. The structure and function of this tissue can be altered by changes in external stimuli, and orthodontists can regulate its reconstruction using orthopedic forces. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is most well‑known for its biological functions in cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cyclic stretch‑induced myoblast apoptosis were investigated. For this purpose, L6 rat myoblasts were cultured under mechanical stimulation and treated with the PI3K kinase inhibitor, LY294002, to elucidate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 to visualize morphological changes and apoptosis of myoblasts, and western blotting was performed to detect expression of Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt (Ser473), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‑3β) and p‑GSK‑3β (Ser9). After addition of PI3K inhibitor, the expression of total Akt and GSK‑3β did not significantly differ among groups; however, the levels of p‑Akt and p‑GSK‑3β were lower in inhibitor‑treated groups than in those treated with loading stress alone. In addition, the rate of apoptosis in myoblasts subjected to cyclic stretch increased in a time‑dependent manner, peaking at 24 h. Collectively, it was also demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/GSK‑3β pathway plays an important role in stretch‑induced myoblast apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Nursing and Hospital Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Tian
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiaoshan Branch of Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Bao J, Huang J, Zhang H. Apiosporamide, A 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone Alkaloid, Induces Apoptosis Via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway In Osteosarcoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8611-8620. [PMID: 31695421 PMCID: PMC6814361 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s218692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant bone tumour in children and young adults. Apiosporamide, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid from a deep-sea-derived fungus, Arthrinium sp. UJNMF0008, showed anti-proliferative effects toward a panel of human cancer cell lines, and the molecular mechanism in MG63 cells was then investigated in the current work. METHODS Cell viability was determined with MTT method. Cell proliferation was detected using colony-formation assay. Screening electron microscope was used for morphology observation. Cell cycle and apoptosis was analysed via flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the mRNA expression related with cell apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins related to capase-mediated apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Apiosporamide significantly decreased cell viability in cancer cells, and also exhibited excellent anti-proliferative effect. Apiosporamide caused cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase in MG63 cells. Moreover, apiosporamide induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and regulated expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in MG63 cells. In addition, apiosporamide also attenuated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Apiosporamide effectively suppressed MG63 cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis through PI3K/Akt and caspase-associated apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spurthi KM, Sarikhani M, Mishra S, Desingu PA, Yadav S, Rao S, Maity S, Tamta AK, Kumar S, Majumdar S, Jain A, Raghuraman A, Khan D, Singh I, Samuel RJ, Ramachandra SG, Nandi D, Sundaresan NR. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency hyperactivates the FoxO1 transcription factor and induces aging-associated cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13073-13089. [PMID: 29929978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors involved in innate immunity. Previous studies have shown that TLR2 inhibition protects the heart from acute stress, including myocardial infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in animal models. However, the role of TLR2 in the development of aging-associated heart failure is not known. In this work, we studied aging-associated changes in structure and function of TLR2-deficient mice hearts. Whereas young TLR2-KO mice did not develop marked cardiac dysfunction, 8- and 12-month-old TLR2-KO mice exhibited spontaneous adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in an age-dependent manner. The hearts of the 8-month-old TLR2-KO mice had increased fibrosis, cell death, and reactivation of fetal genes. Moreover, TLR2-KO hearts displayed reduced infiltration by macrophages, increased numbers of myofibroblasts and atrophic cardiomyocytes, and higher levels of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1. Mechanistically, TLR2 deficiency impaired the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, leading to hyperactivation of the transcription factor Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and, in turn, to elevated expression of FoxO target genes involved in the regulation of muscle wasting and cell death. AS1842856-mediated chemical inhibition of FoxO1 reduced the expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases and significantly reversed the adverse cardiac remodeling while improving the contractile functions in the TLR2-KO mice. Interestingly, TLR2 levels decreased in hearts of older mice, and the activation of TLR1/2 signaling improved cardiac functions in these mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 signaling is essential for protecting the heart against aging-associated adverse remodeling and contractile dysfunction in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kondapalli Mrudula Spurthi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Swathi Rao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- the Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India, and
| | - Aishwarya Raghuraman
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Danish Khan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Rosa J Samuel
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Subbaraya G Ramachandra
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou BH, Tan PP, Jia LS, Zhao WP, Wang JC, Wang HW. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involvement in fluoride-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:297-302. [PMID: 29448197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms of fluoride-induced apoptosis, a fluoride-induced C2C12 skeletal muscle cell (C2C12 cell) model was established in this study, and the viability of the C2C12 cells was measured using an MTT assay. Cell morphological changes were observed via haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was monitored through Hoechst staining. The mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, PDK1, AKT1, BAD, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 were detected through real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the survival rates of C2C12 cells decreased gradually with an increasing fluoride doses. The C2C12 cell structure was seriously damaged by fluoride, presenting with pyknosis, mitochondrial ridge disruption and swollen endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the expression of mRNA in PI3K, BAD, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 were significantly increased in the fluoride group (P < 0.01), while the expression of PDK1 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). The expression of protein in BAD, Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly increased in the fluoride group (P < 0.01), while the expression of PDK1 and P-AKT1 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, fluoride-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells is related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Hua Zhou
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China.
| | - Pan-Pan Tan
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Liu-Shu Jia
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Wen-Peng Zhao
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Ji-Cang Wang
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu R, Chen YX, Ke QF, Gao YS, Guo YP. SC79-loaded ZSM-5/chitosan porous scaffolds with enhanced stem cell osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5009-5018. [PMID: 32264018 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00897j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For effectively treating bone defects, the design of novel therapeutic scaffolds is an important strategy for enhancing stem cell osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation. Herein, we, for the first time, fabricated SC79-loaded ZSM-5/chitosan (ZSM-5/CS/SC79) porous scaffolds via the freeze-drying synthesis of ZSM-5/CS porous scaffolds followed by loading SC79 drug molecules. The ZSM-5/CS scaffolds possessed a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous structure, and the nanostructured ZSM-5 ellipsoids were uniformly dispersed on the CS films. The ZSM-5/CS/SC79 scaffolds had appropriate drug loading-release properties due to the hierarchically porous structures of ZSM-5 zeolites and the hydrogen bonding between the CS and SC97. In vitro cell tests demonstrated that both the ZSM-5/CS and ZSM-5/CS/SC79 scaffolds could promote the adhesion, spreading and proliferation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Interestingly, the SC97 released from the scaffolds not only promoted the proliferation of hBMSCs, but also enhanced the osteogenic differentiation. As compared with the ZSM-5/CS control group, the ZSM-5/CS/SC79 scaffolds promoted the ALP activity of hBMSCs, improved the mRNA relative expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatise (ALP), and increased the protein level of β-catenin. The enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs contributed to the upregulation of Akt kinase by an activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, in vivo animal tests indicated that SC79 released from the ZSM-5/CS/SC79 scaffolds promoted the new bone regeneration without systemic side effects in cranial defects. Therefore, ZSM-5/CS/SC79 scaffolds as novel and promising therapeutic scaffolds have promising applications in defined local bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi B, Deng W, Long X, Zhao R, Wang Y, Chen W, Xu G, Sheng J, Wang D, Cao S. miR-21 increases c-kit + cardiac stem cell proliferation in vitro through PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2859. [PMID: 28168101 PMCID: PMC5289448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The low survival rate of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the ischemic myocardium is one of the obstacles in ischemic cardiomyopathy cell therapy. The MicroRNA (miR)-21 and one of its target protein, the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), contributes to the proliferation of many kinds of tissues and cell types. It is reported that miR-21 promotes proliferation through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, but its effects on c-kit+ CSC remain unclear. The authors hypothesized that miR-21 promotes the proliferation in c-kit + CSC, and evaluated the involvement of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro. miR-21 up-regulation with miR-21 efficiently mimics accelerated cell viability and proliferation in c-kit + CSC, which was evidenced by the CCK-8, EdU and cell cycle analyses. In addition, the over-expression of miR-21 in c-kit + CSCs notably down-regulated the protein expression of PTEN although the mRNA level of PTEN showed little change. Gain-of-function of miR-21 also increased the phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) level. Phen, the selective inhibitor of PTEN, reproduced the pro-proliferation effects of miR-21, while PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, totally attenuated the pro-survival effect of miR-21. These results indicate that miR-21 is efficient in promoting proliferation in c-kit+ CSCs, which is contributed by the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. miR-21 holds the potential to facilitate CSC therapy in ischemic myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianping Long
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guanxue Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
miR-21 Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis in c-kit + Cardiac Stem Cells In Vitro through PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5389181. [PMID: 27803763 PMCID: PMC5075640 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5389181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the infarcted myocardium hampers cell therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) and one of its target proteins, PTEN, contribute to the survival and proliferation of many cell types, but their prosurvival effects in c-kit+ CSC remain unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that miR-21 reduces hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced apoptosis in c-kit+ CSC and estimated the contribution of PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling to this oxidative circumstance. miR-21 mimics efficiently reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis in c-kit+ CSC, as evidenced by the downregulation of the proapoptosis proteins caspase-3 and Bax and upregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, the gain of function of miR-21 in c-kit+ CSC downregulated the protein level of PTEN although its mRNA level changed slightly; in the meantime, miR-21 overexpression also increased phospho-Akt (p-Akt). The antiapoptotic effects of miR-21 were comparable with Phen (bpV), the selective inhibitor of PTEN, while miR-21 inhibitor or PI3K's inhibitor LY294002 efficiently attenuated the antiapoptotic effect of miR-21. Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-H2O2-induced apoptosis effect of miR-21 in c-kit+ CSC is contributed by PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling. miR-21 could be a potential molecule to facilitate the c-kit+ CSC therapy in ischemic myocardium.
Collapse
|
9
|
HU JUNZHENG, GU YANQING, FAN WEIMIN. Rg1 protects rat bone marrow stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:406-12. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
10
|
Makhoul G, Jurakhan R, Jaiswal PK, Ridwan K, Li L, Selvasandran K, Duong M, Schwertani A, Cecere R. Conditioned medium of H9c2 triggers VEGF dependent angiogenesis by activation of p38/pSTAT3 pathways in placenta derived stem cells for cardiac repair. Life Sci 2016; 153:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) signatures in human cardiac progenitor cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:1-11. [PMID: 27131603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitors, such as cardiospheres and cardiosphere-derived cells, represent an attractive cell source for cardiac regeneration. The PIWI-interacting RNAs, piRNAs, are an intriguing class of small non-coding RNAs, implicated in the regulation of epigenetic state, maintenance of genomic integrity and stem cell functions. Although non-coding RNAs are an exploiting field in cardiovascular research, the piRNA signatures of cardiac progenitors has not been evaluated yet.We profiled, through microarrays, 15,311 piRNAs expressed in cardiospheres, cardiosphere-derived cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Results showed a set of differentially expressed piRNAs (fold change ≥2, p<0.01): 641 piRNAs were upregulated and 1,301 downregulated in the cardiospheres compared to cardiosphere-derived cells, while 255 and 708 piRNAs resulted up- and down-regulated, respectively, if compared to cardiac fibroblasts. We also identified 181 piRNAs that are overexpressed and 129 are downregulated in cardiosphere-derived cells respect to cardiac fibroblasts.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the deregulated piRNAs were mainly distributed on few chromosomes, suggesting that piRNAs are organized in discrete genomic clusters.Furthermore, the bioinformatics search showed that the most upregulated piRNAs target transposons, especially belonged to LINE-1 class, as validated by qRT-PCR. This reduction is also associated to an activation of AKT signaling, which is beneficial for cardiac regeneration.The present study is the first to show a highly consistent piRNA expression pattern for human cardiac progenitors, likely responsible of their different regenerative power. Moreover, this piRNome analysis may provide new methods for characterize cardiac progenitors and may shed new light on the understanding the complex molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdelwahid E, Kalvelyte A, Stulpinas A, de Carvalho KAT, Guarita-Souza LC, Foldes G. Stem cell death and survival in heart regeneration and repair. Apoptosis 2016; 21:252-68. [PMID: 26687129 PMCID: PMC5200890 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis disrupts cardiac function and leads to cardiac decompensation and terminal heart failure. Delineating the regulatory signaling pathways that orchestrate cell survival in the heart has significant therapeutic implications. Cardiac tissue has limited capacity to regenerate and repair. Stem cell therapy is a successful approach for repairing and regenerating ischemic cardiac tissue; however, transplanted cells display very high death percentage, a problem that affects success of tissue regeneration. Stem cells display multipotency or pluripotency and undergo self-renewal, however these events are negatively influenced by upregulation of cell death machinery that induces the significant decrease in survival and differentiation signals upon cardiovascular injury. While efforts to identify cell types and molecular pathways that promote cardiac tissue regeneration have been productive, studies that focus on blocking the extensive cell death after transplantation are limited. The control of cell death includes multiple networks rather than one crucial pathway, which underlies the challenge of identifying the interaction between various cellular and biochemical components. This review is aimed at exploiting the molecular mechanisms by which stem cells resist death signals to develop into mature and healthy cardiac cells. Specifically, we focus on a number of factors that control death and survival of stem cells upon transplantation and ultimately affect cardiac regeneration. We also discuss potential survival enhancing strategies and how they could be meaningful in the design of targeted therapies that improve cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-725, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Audrone Kalvelyte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Stulpinas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Gabor Foldes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role and mechanism of microRNA-21 in H2O2-induced apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 27:154-60. [PMID: 26810470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-21 (miR-21) contributes to anti-apoptosis, proliferation and migration in many cells, but its role in inhibiting apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of miR-21 in H2O2-induced BMSC apoptosis. We used quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to demonstrate the level of miR-21 after treatment of BMSC with H2O2. BMSC apoptosis was induced by different concentrations of H2O2 and was decreased in miR-21-upregulated cells. The expression of PTEN, a functional target gene of miR-21 in BMSC, was regulated by miR-21. The RT-PCR results indicated that miR-21 was significantly up-regulated, and western blot analysis indicated that Bcl-2 was up-regulated, whereas the apoptosis-related genes caspase 3/9 and Bax were down-regulated in miR-21-up-regulated cells. The miR-21-up-regulated cells had significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation, as measured by western blot analysis. LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt activation, abolished the protective effects of miR-21-up-regulated cells. These results suggest that miR-21 contributes to inhibition of apoptosis in BMSC by down-regulating PTEN, potentially via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
|
14
|
Geng X, Wang Y, Hong Q, Yang J, Zheng W, Zhang G, Cai G, Chen X, Wu D. Differences in gene expression profiles and signaling pathways in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14087-14098. [PMID: 26823722 PMCID: PMC4713508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdomyolysis is a threatening syndrome because it causes the breakdown of skeletal muscle. Muscle destruction leads to the release of myoglobin, intracellular proteins, and electrolytes into the circulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in gene expression profiles and signaling pathways upon rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS In this study, we used glycerol-induced renal injury as a model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. We analyzed data and relevant information from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (No: GSE44925). The gene expression data for three untreated mice were compared to data for five mice with rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. The expression profiling of the three untreated mice and the five rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI mice was performed using microarray analysis. We examined the levels of Cyp3a13, Rela, Aldh7a1, Jun, CD14. And Cdkn1a using RT-PCR to determine the accuracy of the microarray results. RESULTS The microarray analysis showed that there were 1050 downregulated and 659 upregulated genes in the rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI mice compared to the control group. The interactions of all differentially expressed genes in the Signal-Net were analyzed. Cyp3a13 and Rela had the most interactions with other genes. The data showed that Rela and Aldh7a1 were the key nodes and had important positions in the Signal-Net. The genes Jun, CD14, and Cdkn1a were also significantly upregulated. The pathway analysis classified the differentially expressed genes into 71 downregulated and 48 upregulated pathways including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and apoptotic pathways are regulated in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Geng
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanda Wang
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital)Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Overexpression of ribonuclease inhibitor defines good prognosis and suppresses proliferation and metastasis in human colorectal cancer cells via PI3K/AKT pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:306-13. [PMID: 25257839 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and investigate the important role of RI in cell growth and metastasis of CRC. METHODS/PATIENTS In this study, the expression of RI was evaluated in human CRC samples with different histological grade and the association between RI expression and clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Furthermore, the exogenous RI gene was introduced into human HT29 CRC cells and the effects of RI on cell proliferation and metastasis were determined in vitro. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and some related protein molecules were detected. RESULTS RI is downregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and its expression is inversely associated with histological grade, pathological stage, and venous invasion, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that RI expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. In addition, the exogenous overexpression of RI reduced the proliferation and migration of HT29 CRC cell line in vitro by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and suppressing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and upregulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). CONCLUSIONS RI represents an important predictor of progression in patients with CRC and suppresses proliferation and metastasis in CRC cells through inhibiting PI3K/AkT pathway.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pagliari S, Jelinek J, Grassi G, Forte G. Targeting pleiotropic signaling pathways to control adult cardiac stem cell fate and function. Front Physiol 2014; 5:219. [PMID: 25071583 PMCID: PMC4076671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of different pools of cardiac progenitor cells resident in the adult mammalian heart opened a new era in heart regeneration as a means to restore the loss of functional cardiac tissue and overcome the limited availability of donor organs. Indeed, resident stem cells are believed to participate to tissue homeostasis and renewal in healthy and damaged myocardium although their actual contribution to these processes remain unclear. The poor outcome in terms of cardiac regeneration following tissue damage point out at the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling CPC behavior and fate determination before new therapeutic strategies can be developed. The regulation of cardiac resident stem cell fate and function is likely to result from the interplay between pleiotropic signaling pathways as well as tissue- and cell-specific regulators. Such a modular interaction—which has already been described in the nucleus of a number of different cells where transcriptional complexes form to activate specific gene programs—would account for the unique responses of cardiac progenitors to general and tissue-specific stimuli. The study of the molecular determinants involved in cardiac stem/progenitor cell regulatory mechanisms may shed light on the processes of cardiac homeostasis in health and disease and thus provide clues on the actual feasibility of cardiac cell therapy through tissue-specific progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jelinek
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu S, Yan G, Xu H, He W, Liu Z, Ma G. Hypoxic preconditioning increases survival of cardiac progenitor cells via the pim-1 kinase-mediated anti-apoptotic effect. Circ J 2014; 78:724-31. [PMID: 24401608 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells transplanted to the ischemic myocardium usually encounter massive cell death within a few days after transplantation, and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) is currently used as a strategy to prepare stem cells for increased survival and engraftment in the heart. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Pim-1 kinase mediates any beneficial effects of HPC for human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Human CPCs were isolated from an adult heart auricle and were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting using c-kit magnetic beads; they were hypoxic preconditioned for 6h. Both Pim-1 and p-Akt were determined. CPCs were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) control (without HPC); (2) HPC; or (3) HPC+I (Pim-1 inhibitor). HPC can promote the survival of CPCs. HPC enhances the expression of Pim-1 kinase in a time-dependent manner, which causes a reduction of proapoptotic elements (cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3) and the preservation/modulation of important components of the mitochondria (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and p-Bad), and attenuates mitochondrial damages. All of these protective effects were blocked by a Pim-1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Pim-1 plays a pivotal role in the protective effect of HPC for CPCs, and the promotion of the expression of Pim-1 in CPCs can as serve part of molecular therapeutic interventional strategies in the treatment of cardiomyopathy damage by blunting CPC death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mutation in integrin-linked kinase (ILK(R211A)) and heat-shock protein 70 comprise a broadly cardioprotective complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77331. [PMID: 24260102 PMCID: PMC3832499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been proposed as a novel molecular target that has translational potential in diverse cardiac diseases, since its upregulation promotes a broadly cardioprotective phenotype. However, ILK has been implicated as both a cardioprotective and oncogenic target, which imposes therapeutic constraints that are generally relevant to the translational potential of many kinases. Objective To study the cardioprotective properties of the activation-resistant, non-oncogenic, mutation of ILK (ILKR211A) against experimental MI invivo and Doxorubicin induced apoptosis invitro and it’s relationships to stress induced heat shock proteins. Methods/Results The transgenic mouse heart over-expressing a point mutation in the ILK pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (TgR211A) exhibits a highly cardioprotective phenotype based on LAD-ligation-induced MI reduction invivo, and on protection against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis when overexpressed in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes invitro. Intriguingly, the degree of cardioprotection seen with the ILKR211A mutation exceeded that with the ILKS343D mutation. Microarray and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed upregulation of expression levels and specific binding of ILKWT, ILKS343D and ILKR211A to both constitutively active heat-shock protein 70 (Hsc70) and inducible Hsp70 in response to MI, and to acute ILK overexpression in iPSC-cardiomyocytes. ILK-mediated cardioprotection was shown to depend upon Hsp70 ATPase activity. Conclusions These findings indicate that wild type ILK and the non-oncogenic ILKR211A mutation comprise a cardioprotective module with Hsp/c70. These results advance a novel target discovery theme in which kinase mutations can be safely engineered to enhance cardioprotective effects.
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu HY, Chen ZW, Hou JC, Du FX, Liu JC. Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:212-8. [PMID: 23129237 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of jolkinolide B (JB), which is extracted from the root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. In this study, we found that JB, a diterpenoid from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, strongly inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of JB on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Our results showed significant induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells incubated with JB. The viability of the MCF-7 cells was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was used to observe cell morphology. MCF-7 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice to study the in vivo antitumor effects of JB. The growth of MCF-7 cells was inhibited and arrested in the S phase by JB. The data showed significantly decreased tumor volume and weight in nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 cells. In addition, treatment with JB was able to induce downregulation of cyclinD1, cyclinE, mTOR, p-PI3K and p-Akt, and upregulation of PTEN and p-eIF4E. Collectively, JB-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells occurs through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade plays a role in the induction of apoptosis in JB-treated cells. These observations suggest that JB may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
dl-3-n-Butylphthalide protects rat bone marrow stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death through antioxidation and activation of PI3K-Akt pathway. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is a key component in cardiovascular disease. Controlling inflammatory events and their subsequent processes holds the potential for novel therapeutic treatment options. Cytokines are the propagators of inflammation. In this review we will discuss important cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, fractalkine, M-CSF and GDF-15, and their effect on cardiac outcome. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shed light on the role of IL-6 in cardiovascular disease. Long-term IL-6 levels are highly associated with coronary heart disease. Molecular studies indicate that a permanent prolongation of STAT signaling in cardiac myocytes might be a potential reason for the detrimental effects of IL-6. TNF-α was long considered to have detrimental effects on myocardial function but recent studies show cardioprotective mechanisms for TNF-α. Macrophage modulating cytokines emerge as interesting molecular targets to treat cardiovascular disease. Especially, the two different subtypes of monocytes, a pro-inflammatory and a reparative subset, and their different chemotactic properties might be possible drug targets. Finally, we discuss GDF-15, which emerges as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease reflecting information from several pathological pathways. SUMMARY Cytokines are the main proximal mediators of inflammation and hold the potential of being good molecular targets for novel treatment regimes. Cytokines might be valuable biomarkers, adding information about the pathologic pathways in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sussman MA, Völkers M, Fischer K, Bailey B, Cottage CT, Din S, Gude N, Avitabile D, Alvarez R, Sundararaman B, Quijada P, Mason M, Konstandin MH, Malhowski A, Cheng Z, Khan M, McGregor M. Myocardial AKT: the omnipresent nexus. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:1023-70. [PMID: 21742795 PMCID: PMC3674828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest examples of integrated signal transduction is revealed by examination of effects mediated by AKT kinase in myocardial biology. Positioned at the intersection of multiple afferent and efferent signals, AKT exemplifies a molecular sensing node that coordinates dynamic responses of the cell in literally every aspect of biological responses. The balanced and nuanced nature of homeostatic signaling is particularly essential within the myocardial context, where regulation of survival, energy production, contractility, and response to pathological stress all flow through the nexus of AKT activation or repression. Equally important, the loss of regulated AKT activity is primarily the cause or consequence of pathological conditions leading to remodeling of the heart and eventual decompensation. This review presents an overview compendium of the complex world of myocardial AKT biology gleaned from more than a decade of research. Summarization of the widespread influence that AKT exerts upon myocardial responses leaves no doubt that the participation of AKT in molecular signaling will need to be reckoned with as a seemingly omnipresent regulator of myocardial molecular biological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, SDSU Heart Institute, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fischer KM, Din S, Gude N, Konstandin MH, Wu W, Quijada P, Sussman MA. Cardiac progenitor cell commitment is inhibited by nuclear Akt expression. Circ Res 2011; 108:960-70. [PMID: 21350213 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.237156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stem cell therapies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue represent a novel approach to treat heart disease. However, the majority of adoptively transferred stem cells delivered to damaged myocardium do not survive long enough to impart protective benefits, resulting in modest functional improvements. Strategies to improve survival and proliferation of stem cells show promise for significantly enhancing cardiac function and regeneration. OBJECTIVE To determine whether injected cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) genetically modified to overexpress nuclear Akt (CPCeA) increase structural and functional benefits to infarcted myocardium relative to control CPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS CPCeA exhibit significantly increased proliferation and secretion of paracrine factors compared with CPCs. However, CPCeA exhibit impaired capacity for lineage commitment in vitro. Infarcted hearts receiving intramyocardial injection of CPCeA have increased recruitment of endogenous c-kit cells compared with CPCs, but neither population provides long-term functional and structural improvements compared with saline-injected controls. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt alleviated blockade of lineage commitment in CPCeA. CONCLUSIONS Although overexpression of nuclear Akt promotes rapid proliferation and secretion of protective paracrine factors, the inability of CPCeA to undergo lineage commitment hinders their capacity to provide functional or structural benefits to infarcted hearts. Despite enhanced recruitment of endogenous CPCs, lack of functional improvement in CPCeA-treated hearts demonstrates CPC lineage commitment is essential to the regenerative response. Effective stem cell therapies must promote cellular survival and proliferation without inhibiting lineage commitment. Because CPCeA exhibit remarkable proliferative potential, an inducible system mediating nuclear Akt expression could be useful to augment cell therapy approaches.
Collapse
|
24
|
Redox imbalance influence in the myocardial Akt activation in aged rats treated with DHEA. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:957-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Myricetin protects cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via regulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4348-60. [PMID: 21151442 PMCID: PMC3000086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that myricetin exhibits cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell damage via its antioxidant properties. In the present study, myricetin was found to inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells, as shown by decreased apoptotic bodies, nuclear fragmentation, sub-G1 cell population, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), which are increased in H2O2-treated cells. Western blot data showed that in H2O2-treated cells, myricetin increased the level of Bcl-2, which is an anti-apoptotic factor, and decreased the levels of Bax, active caspase-9 and -3, which are pro-apoptotic factors. And myricetin inhibited release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in H2O2-treated cells. Myricetin-induced survival correlated with Akt activity, and the rescue of cells by myricetin treatment against H2O2-induced apoptosis was inhibited by the specific PI3K (phosphoinositol-3-kinase) inhibitor. Myricetin-mediated survival also inhibited the activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are members of MAPK. Our studies suggest that myricetin prevents oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via regulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
26
|
Woulfe KC, Gao E, Lal H, Harris D, Fan Q, Vagnozzi R, DeCaul M, Shang X, Patel S, Woodgett JR, Force T, Zhou J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates post-myocardial infarction remodeling and stress-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo. Circ Res 2010; 106:1635-45. [PMID: 20360256 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.211482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous studies have proposed that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta is a central regulator of the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. However, all of this work has relied on overexpression of GSK-3beta, expression of constitutively active mutants, or small molecule inhibitors with documented off-target effects. Genetic loss of function approaches have not been used in the adult mouse because germ-line deletion of GSK-3beta is embryonic-lethal. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to define the role played by GSK-3beta in pressure overload (PO)-induced hypertrophy and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS We used a mouse model that allows inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of GSK-3beta in the adult knockout. Surprisingly, we find that knockout mice exposed to PO induced by thoracic aortic constriction exhibit a normal hypertrophic response. Thus, in contrast to virtually all prior published studies, GSK-3beta appears to play at most a minor role in the hypertrophic response to PO stress. However, GSK-3beta does regulate post-MI remodeling because the GSK-3beta knockouts had less left ventricular dilatation and better-preserved left ventricular function at up to 8 weeks post-MI despite demonstrating significantly more hypertrophy in the remote myocardium. Deletion of GSK-3beta also led to increased cardiomyocyte proliferation following PO and MI. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of GSK-3beta protects against post-MI remodeling and promotes stress-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. These studies suggest that inhibition of GSK-3beta could be a strategy to both prevent remodeling and to promote cardiac regeneration in pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Woulfe
- Center for Translational Medicine and Cardiology Division, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cottage CT, Bailey B, Fischer KM, Avitabile D, Avitable D, Collins B, Tuck S, Quijada P, Gude N, Alvarez R, Muraski J, Sussman MA. Cardiac progenitor cell cycling stimulated by pim-1 kinase. Circ Res 2010; 106:891-901. [PMID: 20075333 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.208629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardioprotective effects of Pim-1 kinase have been previously reported but the underlying mechanistic basis may involve a combination of cellular and molecular mechanisms that remain unresolved. The elucidation of the mechanistic basis for Pim-1 mediated cardioprotection provides important insights for designing therapeutic interventional strategies to treat heart disease. OBJECTIVE Effects of cardiac-specific Pim-1 kinase expression on the cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) population were examined to determine whether Pim-1 mediates beneficial effects through augmenting CPC activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic mice created with cardiac-specific Pim-1 overexpression (Pim-wt) exhibit enhanced Pim-1 expression in both cardiomyocytes and CPCs, both of which show increased proliferative activity assessed using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki-67, and c-Myc relative to nontransgenic controls. However, the total number of CPCs was not increased in the Pim-wt hearts during normal postnatal growth or after infarction challenge. These results suggest that Pim-1 overexpression leads to asymmetric division resulting in maintenance of the CPC population. Localization and quantitation of cell fate determinants Numb and alpha-adaptin by confocal microscopy were used to assess frequency of asymmetric division in the CPC population. Polarization of Numb in mitotic phospho-histone positive cells demonstrates asymmetric division in 65% of the CPC population in hearts of Pim-wt mice versus 26% in nontransgenic hearts after infarction challenge. Similarly, Pim-wt hearts had fewer cells with uniform alpha-adaptin staining indicative of symmetrically dividing CPCs, with 36% of the CPCs versus 73% in nontransgenic sections. CONCLUSIONS These findings define a mechanistic basis for enhanced myocardial regeneration in transgenic mice overexpressing Pim-1 kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Cottage
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deuse T, Peter C, Fedak PWM, Doyle T, Reichenspurner H, Zimmermann WH, Eschenhagen T, Stein W, Wu JC, Robbins RC, Schrepfer S. Hepatocyte growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer maximizes mesenchymal stem cell-based myocardial salvage after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2009; 120:S247-54. [PMID: 19752375 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.843680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based regenerative strategies were investigated to treat acute myocardial infarction and improve left ventricular function. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine AMI was induced by coronary ligation with subsequent injection of MSCs, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or MSCs +HGF/VEGF into the border zone. Left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated using micro-computed tomography imaging after 6 months. HGF and VEGF protein injection (with or without concomitant MSC injection) significantly and similarly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced scar size compared with the MSC group, suggesting that myocardial recovery was due to the cytokines rather than myocardial regeneration. To provide sustained paracrine effects, HGF or VEGF overexpressing MSCs were generated (MSC-HGF, MSC-VEGF). MSC-HGF and MSC-VEGF showed significantly increased in vitro proliferation and increased in vivo proliferation within the border zone. Cytokine production correlated with MSC survival. MSC-HGF- and MSC-VEGF-treated animals showed smaller scar sizes, increased peri-infarct vessel densities, and better preserved left ventricular function when compared with MSCs transfected with empty vector. Murine cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxic in vitro conditions. The LDH release was reduced, fewer cardiomyocytes were apoptotic, and Akt activity was increased if cardiomyocytes were maintained in conditioned medium obtained from MSC-HGF or MSC-VEGF cultures. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that (1) elevating the tissue levels of HGF and VEGF after acute myocardial infarction seems to be a promising reparative therapeutic approach, (2) HGF and VEGF are cardioprotective by increasing the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to ischemia, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increasing prosurvival Akt activation, and (3) MSC-HGF and MSC-VEGF are a valuable source for increased cytokine production and maximize the beneficial effect of MSC-based repair strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, CA 94305-5407, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kui L, Weiwei Z, ling L, Daikun H, Guoming Z, Linuo Z, Renming H. Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis induced by high glucose and sodium palmitate in adult rat cardiomyocytes through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 155:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Biological actions resulting from phosphoinositide synthesis trigger multiple downstream signalling cascades by recruiting proteins with pleckstrin homology domains, including phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and protein kinase B (also known as Akt). Retrospectively, more attention has been focused on the plasma membrane-associated interactions of these molecules and resulting cytoplasmic target activation. The complex biological activities exerted by Akt activation suggest, however, that more subtle and complex subcellular control mechanisms are involved. This review examines the regulation of Akt activity from the perspective of subcellular compartmentalization and focuses specifically upon the actions of Akt activation downstream from phosphoinositide synthesis that influence cell biology by altering nuclear signalling leading to Pim-1 kinase induction as well as hexokinase phosphorylation that, together with Akt, serves to preserve mitochondrial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Marta Rubio
- Department of Biology, SDSU Heart Institute, San Diego State University, NLS 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- Department of Biology, SDSU Heart Institute, San Diego State University, NLS 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 619 594 2983; +1 619 594 2610. E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Rao RP, Kosakowska-Cholody T, Masood MA, Southon E, Zhang H, Berthet C, Nagashim K, Veenstra TK, Tessarollo L, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Mitochondrial degeneration and not apoptosis is the primary cause of embryonic lethality in ceramide transfer protein mutant mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 184:143-58. [PMID: 19139267 PMCID: PMC2615084 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200807176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) functions in the transfer of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. In this study, we show that CERT is an essential gene for mouse development and embryonic survival and, quite strikingly, is critical for mitochondrial integrity. CERT mutant embryos accumulate ceramide in the ER but also mislocalize ceramide to the mitochondria, compromising their function. Cells in mutant embryos show abnormal dilation of the ER and degenerating mitochondria. These subcellular changes manifest as heart defects and cause severely compromised cardiac function and embryonic death around embryonic day 11.5. In spite of ceramide accumulation, CERT mutant mice do not die as a result of enhanced apoptosis. Instead, cell proliferation is impaired, and expression levels of cell cycle–associated proteins are altered. Individual cells survive, perhaps because cell survival mechanisms are activated. Thus, global compromise of ER and mitochondrial integrity caused by ceramide accumulation in CERT mutant mice primarily affects organogenesis rather than causing cell death via apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruvinov E, Dvir T, Leor J, Cohen S. Myocardial repair: from salvage to tissue reconstruction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6:669-86. [PMID: 18510484 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.5.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue reconstruction following myocardial infarction represents a major challenge in cardiovascular therapy, as current clinical approaches are limited in their ability to regenerate or replace damaged myocardium. Thus, different novel treatments have been introduced aimed at myocardial salvage and repair. Here, we present a review of recent advancements in cardiac cell, gene-based and tissue engineering therapies. Selected strategies in cell therapy and new tools for myocardial gene transfer are summarized. Finally, we consider novel approaches to myocardial tissue engineering as a platform for the integration of various modalities in an attempt to rejuvenate infarcted tissue in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ruvinov
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is involved in the cardioprotective signalling pathway activated by insulin therapy at reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 2008; 103:444-53. [PMID: 18500485 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-008-0728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the significance of the JAK-STAT pathway in insulin-induced cardioprotection from reperfusion injury. METHODS In isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to insulin therapy (0.3 mU/ml) +/- AG490 (5 microM, JAK-STAT inhibitor), the phosphorylation state of STAT3 and Akt was determined after 15 min of reperfusion. Infarct size was measured after 120 min of reperfusion. Isolated cardiac myocytes from wild type (WT) and cardiac specific STAT3 deficient mice were treated with insulin at reoxygenation following simulated ischemia (SI, 26 h). Cell viability was measured after 120 min of reoxygenation following SI, whereas phosphorylation state of Akt was measured after 15 min of reoxygenation following SI. RESULTS Insulin given at reperfusion led to phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt both of which were inhibited by AG490. AG490 also blocked the insulin-dependent decrease in infarct size, supporting a role for JAK-STAT in cardioprotection. In addition, insulin protection from SI was blocked in myocytes from the STAT3 deficient mice, or in WT mice treated with AG490. Furthermore, insulin failed to phosphorylate Akt in the STAT3 deficient cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Insulin-induced cardioprotection at reperfusion occurs through activation of STAT3. Inhibiting STAT3 by AG490, or STAT3 depletion in cardiac myocytes affects activation of Akt, suggesting close interaction between STAT3 and Akt in the cardioprotective signalling pathway activated by insulin treatment at reperfusion.
Collapse
|