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Ravindran D, Kok C, Farraha M, Selvakumar D, Clayton ZE, Kumar S, Chong J, Kizana E. Gene and Cell Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1911-1922. [PMID: 32988632 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the last decade, interest in gene therapy as a therapeutic technology has increased, largely driven by an exciting yet modest number of successful applications for monogenic diseases. Setbacks in the use of gene therapy for cardiac disease have motivated efforts to develop vectors with enhanced tropism for the heart and more efficient delivery methods. Although monogenic diseases are the logical target, cardiac arrhythmias represent a group of conditions amenable to gene therapy because of focal targets (biological pacemakers, nodal conduction, or stem cell-related arrhythmias) or bystander effects on cells not directly transduced because of electrical coupling. METHODS This review provides a contemporary narrative of the field of gene therapy for experimental cardiac arrhythmias, including those associated with stem cell transplant. Recent articles published in the English language and available through the PubMed database and other prominent literature are discussed. FINDINGS The promise of gene therapy has been realized for a handful of monogenic diseases and is actively being pursued for cardiac applications in preclinical models. With improved vectors, it is likely that cardiac disease will also benefit from this technology. Cardiac arrhythmias, whether inherited or acquired, are a group of conditions with a potentially lower threshold for phenotypic correction and as such hold unique potential as targets for cardiac gene therapy. IMPLICATIONS There has been a proliferation of research on the potential of gene therapy for cardiac arrhythmias. This body of investigation forms a strong basis on which further developments, particularly with viral vectors, are likely to help this technology progress along its translational trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Ravindran
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy Kok
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melad Farraha
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selvakumar
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, Beyersdorf C, Zhao Z, El-Battrawy I, Lan H, Szabo G, Li X, Lang S, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Rapti K, Jungmann A, Ratte A, Müller OJ, Karck M, Seemann G, Akin I, Borggrefe M, Zhou XB, Katus HA, Thomas D. Genetic Ablation of TASK-1 (Tandem of P Domains in a Weak Inward Rectifying K + Channel-Related Acid-Sensitive K + Channel-1) (K 2P3.1) K + Channels Suppresses Atrial Fibrillation and Prevents Electrical Remodeling. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e007465. [PMID: 31514528 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology, translation into mechanism-based treatment options is lacking. In atrial cardiomyocytes of patients with chronic AF, expression, and function of tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying TASK-1 (K+ channel-related acid-sensitive K+ channel-1) (K2P3.1) atrial-specific 2-pore domain potassium channels is enhanced, resulting in action potential duration shortening. TASK-1 channel inhibition prevents action potential duration shortening to maintain values observed among sinus rhythm subjects. The present preclinical study used a porcine AF model to evaluate the antiarrhythmic efficacy of TASK-1 inhibition by adeno-associated viral anti-TASK-1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) gene transfer. METHODS AF was induced in domestic pigs by atrial burst stimulation via implanted pacemakers. Adeno-associated viral vectors carrying anti-TASK-1-siRNA were injected into both atria to suppress TASK-1 channel expression. After the 14-day follow-up period, porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated from right and left atrium, followed by electrophysiological and molecular characterization. RESULTS AF was associated with increased TASK-1 transcript, protein and ion current levels leading to shortened action potential duration in atrial cardiomyocytes compared to sinus rhythm controls, similar to previous findings in humans. Anti-TASK-1 adeno-associated viral application significantly reduced AF burden in comparison to untreated AF pigs. Antiarrhythmic effects of anti-TASK-1-siRNA were associated with reduction of TASK-1 currents and prolongation of action potential durations in atrial cardiomyocytes to sinus rhythm values. Conclusions Adeno-associated viral-based anti-TASK-1 gene therapy suppressed AF and corrected cellular electrophysiological remodeling in a porcine model of AF. Suppression of AF through selective reduction of TASK-1 currents represents a new option for antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Christoph Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Huan Lan
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Gabor Szabo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Xin Li
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Siegfried Lang
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Kleopatra Rapti
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
| | - Antonius Ratte
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M.), University of Kiel.,DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck (O.J.M.), University of Kiel
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Gunnar Seemann
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen (G. Seemann).,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Germany (G. Seemann)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
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