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Fan X, Yang G, Duru F, Grilli M, Akin I, Zhou X, Saguner AM, Ei-Battrawy I. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: from Preclinical Models to Genotype-phenotype Correlation and Pathophysiology. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2683-2708. [PMID: 37731079 PMCID: PMC10661732 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a hereditary myocardial disease characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits. ACM is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and expressivity, which is mainly related to ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Importantly, significant progress has been made in determining the genetic background of ACM due to the development of new techniques for genetic analysis. The exact molecular pathomechanism of ACM, however, is not completely clear and the genotype-phenotype correlations have not been fully elucidated, which are useful to predict the prognosis and treatment of ACM patients. Different gene-targeted and transgenic animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models, and heterologous expression systems have been developed. Here, this review aims to summarize preclinical ACM models and platforms promoting our understanding of the pathogenesis of ACM and assess their value in elucidating the ACM genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Grilli
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ardan Muammer Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim Ei-Battrawy
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Ion Channel Impairment and Myofilament Ca 2+ Sensitization: Two Parallel Mechanisms Underlying Arrhythmogenesis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102789. [PMID: 34685769 PMCID: PMC8534456 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are the main clinical burden in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and frequently occur in young patients with mild structural disease. While massive hypertrophy, fibrosis and microvascular ischemia are the main mechanisms underlying sustained reentry-based ventricular arrhythmias in advanced HCM, cardiomyocyte-based functional arrhythmogenic mechanisms are likely prevalent at earlier stages of the disease. In this review, we will describe studies conducted in human surgical samples from HCM patients, transgenic animal models and human cultured cell lines derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Current pieces of evidence concur to attribute the increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in early HCM to different cellular mechanisms. The increase of late sodium current and L-type calcium current is an early observation in HCM, which follows post-translation channel modifications and increases the occurrence of early and delayed afterdepolarizations. Increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, commonly observed in HCM, may promote afterdepolarizations and reentry arrhythmias with direct mechanisms. Decrease of K+-currents due to transcriptional regulation occurs in the advanced disease and contributes to reducing the repolarization-reserve and increasing the early afterdepolarizations (EADs). The presented evidence supports the idea that patients with early-stage HCM should be considered and managed as subjects with an acquired channelopathy rather than with a structural cardiac disease.
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Hawthorne RN, Blazeski A, Lowenthal J, Kannan S, Teuben R, DiSilvestre D, Morrissette-McAlmon J, Saffitz JE, Boheler KR, James CA, Chelko SP, Tomaselli G, Tung L. Altered Electrical, Biomolecular, and Immunologic Phenotypes in a Novel Patient-Derived Stem Cell Model of Desmoglein-2 Mutant ARVC. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143061. [PMID: 34300226 PMCID: PMC8306340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a progressive heart condition which causes fibro-fatty myocardial scarring, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Most cases of ARVC can be linked to pathogenic mutations in the cardiac desmosome, but the pathophysiology is not well understood, particularly in early phases when arrhythmias can develop prior to structural changes. Here, we created a novel human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) model of ARVC from a patient with a c.2358delA variant in desmoglein-2 (DSG2). These DSG2-mutant (DSG2Mut) hiPSC-CMs were compared against two wildtype hiPSC-CM lines via immunostaining, RT-qPCR, Western blot, RNA-Seq, cytokine expression and optical mapping. Mutant cells expressed reduced DSG2 mRNA and had altered localization of desmoglein-2 protein alongside thinner, more disorganized myofibrils. No major changes in other desmosomal proteins were noted. There was increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression that may be linked to canonical and non-canonical NFκB signaling. Action potentials in DSG2Mut CMs were shorter with increased upstroke heterogeneity, while time-to-peak calcium and calcium decay rate were reduced. These were accompanied by changes in ion channel and calcium handling gene expression. Lastly, suppressing DSG2 in control lines via siRNA allowed partial recapitulation of electrical anomalies noted in DSG2Mut cells. In conclusion, the aberrant cytoskeletal organization, cytokine expression, and electrophysiology found DSG2Mut hiPSC-CMs could underlie early mechanisms of disease manifestation in ARVC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Hawthorne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
| | - Justin Lowenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suraj Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roald Teuben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
| | - Deborah DiSilvestre
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.D.); (C.A.J.)
| | - Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
| | - Jeffrey E. Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.D.); (C.A.J.)
| | - Cynthia A. James
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.D.); (C.A.J.)
| | - Stephen P. Chelko
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.D.); (C.A.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.C.); (G.T.); (L.T.); Tel.: +1-850-644-2215 (S.P.C.); +1-718-430-2801 (G.T.); +1-410-955-9603 (L.T.)
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.D.); (C.A.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.C.); (G.T.); (L.T.); Tel.: +1-850-644-2215 (S.P.C.); +1-718-430-2801 (G.T.); +1-410-955-9603 (L.T.)
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.N.H.); (A.B.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (R.T.); (J.M.-M.); (K.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.C.); (G.T.); (L.T.); Tel.: +1-850-644-2215 (S.P.C.); +1-718-430-2801 (G.T.); +1-410-955-9603 (L.T.)
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Karch SB, Fineschi V, Francia P, Scopetti M, Padovano M, Manetti F, Santurro A, Frati P, Volpe M. Role of induced pluripotent stem cells in diagnostic cardiology. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:331-341. [PMID: 34136069 PMCID: PMC8176845 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine, including cardiology. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has supplanted the need to use human stem cells for most purposes, thus eliminating all ethical controversies. Since then, many new avenues have been opened in cardiology research, not only in approaches to tissue replacement but also in the design and testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. This methodology has advanced to the point where induced human cardiomyocyte cell lines can now also be obtained from commercial sources or tissue banks. Initial studies with readily available iPSCs have generally confirmed that their behavioral characteristics accurately predict the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes in vivo. As a result, iPSCs can provide new ways to study arrhythmias and heart disease in general, accelerating the development of new, more effective antiarrhythmic drugs, clinical diagnoses, and personalized medical care. The focus on producing cardiomyocytes that can be used to replace damaged heart tissue has somewhat diverted interest in a host of other applications. This manuscript is intended to provide non-specialists with a brief introduction and overview of the research carried out in the field of heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Karch
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, United States
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Martina Padovano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Federico Manetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Department SAIMLAL, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Department SAIMLAL, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00197, Italy
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Holliday M, Singer ES, Ross SB, Lim S, Lal S, Ingles J, Semsarian C, Bagnall RD. Transcriptome Sequencing of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Reveals Novel Splice-Altering Variants in MYBPC3. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003202. [PMID: 33657327 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome sequencing can improve genetic diagnosis of Mendelian diseases but requires access to tissue expressing disease-relevant transcripts. We explored genetic testing of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using transcriptome sequencing of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). We also explored whether antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) could inhibit aberrant mRNA splicing in hiPSC-CMs. METHODS We derived hiPSC-CMs from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to MYBPC3 splice-gain variants, or an unresolved genetic cause. We used transcriptome sequencing of hiPSC-CM RNA to identify pathogenic splicing and used AOs to inhibit this splicing. RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing of hiPSC-CMs confirmed aberrant splicing in 2 people with previously identified MYBPC3 splice-gain variants (c.1090+453C>T and c.1224-52G>A). In a patient with an unresolved genetic cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy following genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing of hiPSC-CMs revealed diverse cryptic exon splicing due to an MYBPC3 c.1928-569G>T variant, and this was confirmed in cardiac tissue from an affected sibling. Antisense oligonucleotide treatment demonstrated almost complete inhibition of cryptic exon splicing in one patient-specific hiPSC-CM line. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome sequencing of patient specific hiPSC-CMs solved a previously undiagnosed genetic cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and may be a useful adjunct approach to genetic testing. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of cryptic exon splicing is a potential future personalized therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holliday
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
| | - Emma S Singer
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
| | - Samantha B Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
| | - Seakcheng Lim
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
| | - Sean Lal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.I., C.S.)
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.I., C.S.)
| | - Richard D Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health (M.H., E.S.S., S.B.R., S.L., J.I., C.S., R.D.B.), The University of Sydney
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arif M, Nabavizadeh P, Song T, Desai D, Singh R, Bazrafshan S, Kumar M, Wang Y, Gilbert RJ, Dhandapany PS, Becker RC, Kranias EG, Sadayappan S. Genetic, clinical, molecular, and pathogenic aspects of the South Asian-specific polymorphic MYBPC3 Δ25bp variant. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1065-1084. [PMID: 32656747 PMCID: PMC7429610 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by ventricular enlargement, diastolic dysfunction, and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Sarcomeric genetic defects are the predominant known cause of HCM. In particular, mutations in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are associated with ~ 40% of all HCM cases in which a genetic basis has been established. A decade ago, our group reported a 25-base pair deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 (MYBPC3Δ25bp) that is uniquely prevalent in South Asians and is associated with autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy. Although our studies suggest that this deletion results in left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, the precise mechanism by which this variant predisposes to heart disease remains unclear. Increasingly appreciated, however, is the contribution of secondary risk factors, additional mutations, and lifestyle choices in augmenting or modifying the HCM phenotype in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to summarize the current research dedicated to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of HCM in South Asians with the MYBPC3Δ25bp variant. An emphasis is to review the latest techniques currently applied to explore the MYBPC3Δ25bp pathogenesis and to provide a foundation for developing new diagnostic strategies and advances in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA.
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Sholeh Bazrafshan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
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Gong Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Ai X, Yan B, Wang H, Qiu L, Tan Y, Witman N, Wang W, Zhao Y, Fu W. Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8232-8246. [PMID: 32609489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell based in vitro differentiation for disease modeling offers great value to explore the molecular and functional underpinnings driving many types of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases. Nevertheless, one major caveat in the application of in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) involves the immature phenotype of the CMs. Most of the existing methods need complex apparatus and require laborious procedures in order to monitor the cardiac differentiation/maturation process and often result in cell death. Here we developed an intrinsic color sensing system utilizing a microgroove structural color methacrylated gelatin film, which allows us to monitor the cardiac differentiation process of hiPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells in real time. Subsequently this system can be employed as an assay system to live monitor induced functional changes on hiPSC-CMs stemming from drug treatment, the effects of which are simply revealed through color diversity. Our research shows that early intervention of cardiac differentiation through simple physical cues can enhance cardiac differentiation and maturation to some extent. Our system also simplifies the previous complex experimental processes for evaluating the physiological effects of successful differentiation and drug treatment and lays a solid foundation for future transformational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liya Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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9
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Dementyeva EV, Medvedev SP, Kovalenko VR, Vyatkin YV, Kretov EI, Slotvitsky MM, Shtokalo DN, Pokushalov EA, Zakian SM. Applying Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create a Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:291-298. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Ross SB, Fraser ST, Semsarian C. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Heart Rhythm 2017; 15:137-144. [PMID: 28823602 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including familial long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and Brugada syndrome, can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and are responsible for a significant proportion of sudden deaths in the young. Identification of genetic mutations and pathophysiological changes that underlie disease development can inform clinical practice and guide novel drug development. However, disease mechanisms in a large number of patients remain elusive and pharmacologic treatment is suboptimal, so many patients rely on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cell models of disease facilitate analysis of disease mechanisms in patient-specific cardiomyocytes, overcoming limitations of animal models and human tissue restrictions. This review outlines how studies using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin disease pathogenesis and their potential to facilitate new pharmacologic therapies and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barratt Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Mendes de Almeida R, Tavares J, Martins S, Carvalho T, Enguita FJ, Brito D, Carmo-Fonseca M, Lopes LR. Whole gene sequencing identifies deep-intronic variants with potential functional impact in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182946. [PMID: 28797094 PMCID: PMC5552324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of mutations responsible for genetic diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, approximately 50% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of HCM have no causal mutation identified. This may be due to the presence of pathogenic mutations located deep within the introns, which are not detected by conventional sequencing analysis restricted to exons and exon-intron boundaries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a whole-gene sequencing strategy to prioritize deep intronic variants that may play a role in HCM pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The full genomic DNA sequence of 26 genes previously associated with HCM was analysed in 16 unrelated patients. We identified likely pathogenic deep intronic variants in VCL, PRKAG2 and TTN genes. These variants, which are predicted to act through disruption of either splicing or transcription factor binding sites, are 3-fold more frequent in our cohort of probands than in normal European populations. Moreover, we found a patient that is compound heterozygous for a splice site mutation in MYBPC3 and the deep intronic VCL variant. Analysis of family members revealed that carriers of the MYBPC3 mutation alone do not manifest the disease, while family members that are compound heterozygous are clinically affected. CONCLUSION This study provides a framework for scrutinizing variation along the complete intronic sequence of HCM-associated genes and prioritizing candidates for mechanistic and functional analysis. Our data suggest that deep intronic variation contributes to HCM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendes de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Tavares
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dulce Brito
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Rocha Lopes
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patient with the pathogenic variant p.Val698Ala in beta-myosin heavy chain ( MYH7 ) gene. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:88-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Ross SB, Fraser ST, Bagnall RD, Semsarian C. Peripheral blood derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a female with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:76-79. [PMID: 28395744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from a 62-year-old female with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). PBMCs were reprogrammed to a pluripotent state following transfection with non-integrative episomal vectors carrying reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, LIN28, KLF4 and L-MYC. iPSCs were shown to express pluripotency markers, possess trilineage differentiation potential, carry rare variants identified in DNA isolated directly from the patient's whole blood, have a normal karyotype and no longer carry episomal vectors for reprogramming. This line is a useful resource for identifying unknown genetic causes of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barratt Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Disciplines of Physiology, Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Perspective on precision medicine in paediatric heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:439-448. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, President Obama launched the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), which introduced new funding to a method of research with the potential to study rare and complex diseases. Paediatric heart failure, a heterogeneous syndrome affecting approximately 1 in 100000 children, is one such condition in which precision medicine techniques may be applied with great benefit. Current heart failure therapies target downstream effects of heart failure rather than the underlying cause of heart failure. As such, they are often ineffective in paediatric heart failure, which is typically of primary (e.g. genetic) rather than secondary (e.g. acquired) aetiology. It is, therefore, important to develop therapies that can target the causes of heart failure in children with greater specificity thereby decreasing morbidity, mortality and burden of illness on both patients and their families. The benefits of co-ordinated research in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and phenomics along with dietary, lifestyle and social factors have led to novel therapeutic and prognostic applications in other fields such as oncology. Applying such co-ordinated research efforts to heart failure constitutes an important step in advancing care and improving the lives of those affected.
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15
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Doetschman T, Georgieva T. Gene Editing With CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-Directed Nuclease. Circ Res 2017; 120:876-894. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of model organisms and cultured cells has for decades provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular development and disease. In the past few years the development of several nuclease systems has broadened the range of model/cell systems that can be engineered. Of these, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system has become the favorite for its ease of application. Here we will review this RNA-guided nuclease system for gene editing with respect to its usefulness for cardiovascular studies and with an eye toward potential therapy. Studies on its off-target activity, along with approaches to minimize this activity will be given. The advantages of gene editing versus gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, including the breadth of species and cell types to which it is applicable, will be discussed. We will also cover its use in iPSC for research and possible therapeutic purposes; and we will review its use in muscular dystrophy studies where considerable progress has been made toward dystrophin correction in mice. The CRISPR/Ca9s system is also being used for high-throughput screening of genes, gene regulatory regions, and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, the CRISPR system is being used for nongene-editing purposes such as activation and inhibition of gene expression, as well as for fluorescence tagging of chromosomal regions and individual mRNAs to track their cellular location. Finally, an approach to circumvent the inability of post-mitotic cells to support homologous recombination-based gene editing will be presented. In conclusion, applications of the CRISPR/Cas system are expanding at a breath-taking pace and are revolutionizing approaches to gain a better understanding of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Doetschman
- From the BIO5 Institute (T.D., T.G.) and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (T.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Teodora Georgieva
- From the BIO5 Institute (T.D., T.G.) and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (T.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson
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16
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Kraker J, Viswanathan SK, Knöll R, Sadayappan S. Recent Advances in the Molecular Genetics of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in South Asian Descendants. Front Physiol 2016; 7:499. [PMID: 27840609 PMCID: PMC5083855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The South Asian population, numbered at 1.8 billion, is estimated to comprise around 20% of the global population and 1% of the American population, and has one of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease. While South Asians show increased classical risk factors for developing heart failure, the role of population-specific genetic risk factors has not yet been examined for this group. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the major cardiac genetic disorders among South Asians, leading to contractile dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. This disease displays autosomal dominant inheritance, and it is associated with a large number of variants in both sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric proteins. The South Asians, a population with large ethnic diversity, potentially carries region-specific polymorphisms. There is high variability in disease penetrance and phenotypic expression of variants associated with HCM. Thus, extensive studies are required to decipher pathogenicity and the physiological mechanisms of these variants, as well as the contribution of modifier genes and environmental factors to disease phenotypes. Conducting genotype-phenotype correlation studies will lead to improved understanding of HCM and, consequently, improved treatment options for this high-risk population. The objective of this review is to report the history of cardiovascular disease and HCM in South Asians, present previously published pathogenic variants, and introduce current efforts to study HCM using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, next-generation sequencing, and gene editing technologies. The authors ultimately hope that this review will stimulate further research, drive novel discoveries, and contribute to the development of personalized medicine with the aim of expanding therapeutic strategies for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kraker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Kumar Viswanathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph Knöll
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases iMedMölndal, Sweden; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Myocardial Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital in HuddingeHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Huethorst E, Hortigon M, Zamora-Rodriguez V, Reynolds PM, Burton F, Smith G, Gadegaard N. Enhanced Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Maturation Using a Dual Microgradient Substrate. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2231-2239. [PMID: 27990488 PMCID: PMC5155309 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) raise many possibilities for cardiac research but they exhibit an immature phenotype, which influences experimental outcomes. The aim of our research is to investigate the effects of a topographical gradient substrate on the morphology and function of commercially available hiPSC-CM. The lateral dimensions the microgrooves on the substrate varied from 8 to 100 μm space between the 8 μm grooves on one axis and from ∼5 nm to ∼1 μm in depth on the other axis. Cells were seeded homogeneously across the substrate and according to the manufacturers protocols. At days 4 and 10, measures of eccentricity, elongation, orientation, sarcomere length (SL), and contractility of the hiPSC-CM were taken. Only the deepest and widest region (8-30 μm wide and 0.85-1 μm deep) showed a significantly higher percentage of hiPSC-CM with an increased eccentricity (31.3 ± 6.4%), elongation (10.4 ± 4.3%), and orientation (<10°) (32.1 ± 2.7%) when compared with the control (flat substrate) (15.8 ± 5.0%, 3.4 ± 2.7%, and 10.6 ± 1.1%, respectively). Additionally, during stimulus-induced contraction, the relaxation phase of the twitch was prolonged (400 ms) compared to nonelongated cells (200 ms). These findings support the potential use of dual microgradient substrates to investigate substrate topographies that stimulate migration and/or maturation of hiPSC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Huethorst
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - M Hortigon
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Zamora-Rodriguez
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P M Reynolds
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - F Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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18
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Deo RC. Editorial commentary: Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) cardiomyocytes: My kingdom for a useful disease model! Trends Cardiovasc Med 2016; 26:673-674. [PMID: 27349929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul C Deo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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