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Liu M, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Xin Y, Deng S, Hu X. Protective role of hydrogen sulfide against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116613. [PMID: 38657502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributes significantly to the heightened mortality rate observed among diabetic patients, with myocardial fibrosis (MF) being a pivotal element in the disease's progression. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to mitigate MF, but the specific underlying mechanisms have yet to be thoroughly understood. A connection has been established between the evolution of DCM and the incidence of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Our research offers insights into H2S protective impact and its probable mode of action against DCM, analyzed through the lens of MF. In this study, a diabetic rat model was developed using intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ), and hyperglycemia-stimulated cardiomyocytes were employed to replicate the cellular environment of DCM. There was a marked decline in the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), a catalyst for H2S synthesis, in both the STZ-induced diabetic rats and hyperglycemia-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Experimental results in vivo indicated that H2S ameliorates MF and enhances cardiac functionality in diabetic rats by mitigating cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. In vitro assessments highlighted the induction of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and the subsequent decline in cell viability under hyperglycemic conditions. However, the administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) curtailed cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and augmented cell viability. In contrast, propargylglycine (PAG), a CSE inhibitor, reversed the effects rendered by NaHS administration. Additional exploration indicated that the mitigating effect of H2S on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis is modulated through the ROS/NLRP3 pathway. In essence, our findings corroborate the potential of H2S in alleviating MF in diabetic subjects. This therapeutic effect is likely attributable to the regulation of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via the ROS/NLRP3 pathway. This discovery furnishes a prospective therapeutic target for the amelioration and management of MF associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China
| | - Simin Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China.
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Chen J, Wang S, Guo F, Gong Y, Chen T, Shaw C, Jiang R, Huang F, Lin D. 1H-NMR-based metabolomics reveals the preventive effect of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4049-4062. [PMID: 38873458 PMCID: PMC11167149 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this investigation was to explore the beneficial impacts of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) on dysglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, while also shedding light on its potential mechanism using 1H-NMR-based metabolomics. The results demonstrated a noteworthy reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG, 46.3%), fasting insulin (50.17%), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, 44.1%), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, 59.75%) following EP administration, while the insulin sensitivity index (ISI, 19.6%) and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β, 2.5-fold) were significantly increased. These findings indicate that EP enhances β-cell function, increases insulin sensitivity, and improves insulin resistance caused by diabetes. Moreover, EP significantly reduced serum lipid levels, suggesting improvement of dyslipidemia. Through the analysis of serum metabolomics, 17 metabolites were found to be altered in diabetic rats, 14 of which were upregulated and 3 of which were downregulated. Notably, the administration of EP successfully reversed the abnormal levels of 9 out of the 17 metabolites. Pathway analysis further revealed that EP treatment partially restored metabolic dysfunction, with notable effects observed in valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism; aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) biosynthesis; and ketone body metabolism. These findings collectively indicate the potential therapeutic efficacy of EP in preventing glycemic abnormalities and improving insulin resistance. Thus, EP holds promise as a valuable treatment option for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yupeng Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | | | - Chris Shaw
- School of PharmacyQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Rencai Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Dai Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
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Khodakhah A, Mohammadi H, Abdoli S, Zarei I, Palimi M, Ekhtiari Z, Talebi M, Biglar M, Khorramizadeh MR, Amanlou M. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of new aryl imeglimin derivatives as a potent antidiabetic agent in a diabetic zebrafish model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9410. [PMID: 38658742 PMCID: PMC11043428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a persistent, progressive, and multifaceted disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a relative deficit in insulin mainly due to beta cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance. Metformin has been widely prescribed as a primary treatment option to address this condition. On the other hand, an emerging glucose-reducing agent known as imeglimin has garnered attention due to its similarity to metformin in terms of chemical structure. In this study, an innovative series of imeglimin derivatives, labeled 3(a-j), were synthesized through a one-step reaction involving an aldehyde and metformin. The chemical structures of these derivatives were thoroughly characterized using ESI-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In vivo tests on a zebrafish diabetic model were used to evaluate the efficacy of the synthesized compounds. All compounds 3(a-j) showed significant antidiabetic effects. It is worth mentioning that compounds 3b (FBS = 72.3 ± 7.2 mg/dL) and 3g (FBS = 72.7 ± 4.3 mg/dL) have antidiabetic effects comparable to those of the standard drugs metformin (FBS = 74.0 ± 5.1 mg/dL) and imeglimin (82.3 ± 5.2 mg/dL). In addition, a docking study was performed to predict the possible interactions between the synthesized compounds and both SIRT1 and GSK-3β targets. The docking results were in good agreement with the experimental assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Khodakhah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mohammadi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, and Zebra Fish Core Facility (ZFIN ID: ZDB-LAB-190117-2), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Abdoli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Zarei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Palimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ekhtiari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, and Zebra Fish Core Facility (ZFIN ID: ZDB-LAB-190117-2), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lin D, Zhang N, Wu S, Wang S, Huang F, Lin Y, Zhao A, Guo F, Gan Q, Wang W. Structural Analysis and Novel Mechanism of Enteromorpha prolifera Sulfated Polysaccharide in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:98-105. [PMID: 38085440 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (EP) was purified from edible algae Enteromorpha prolifera. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ion chromatography (IC), and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were performed to characterize its structure. EP was defined as a low molecular weight (6625 Da) composed of rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. Moreover, it was a sulfated polysaccharide with a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.48. Then, the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced diabetic mouse model was established to support evidence for a novel hypoglycemic mechanism. Results showed that blood glucose (47.32%), liver index (7.65%), epididymal fat index (16.86%), serum total cholesterol (26.78%) and triglyceride (37.61%) in the high-dose EP (HEP) group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Noticeably, the content of liver glycogen in the HEP group was significantly higher (62.62%) than that in the HFD group, indicating the promotion of glycogen synthesis. These beneficial effects were attributed to significantly increased protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and its downstream signaling response. Further studies showed that diabetic mice exhibited excessive O-GlcNAcylation level and high expression of O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which were decreased by 62.21 and 30.43% in the HEP group. This result suggested that EP had a similar effect to OGT inhibitors, which restored AKT phosphorylation and prevented pathoglycemia. This work reveals a novel hypoglycemic mechanism of EP, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on its pharmacological properties in improvement of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian, China
| | - Aili Zhao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaorong Gan
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 35000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Berndt J, Ooi SL, Pak SC. What Is the Mechanism Driving the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events from Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists?-A Mini Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4822. [PMID: 34443410 PMCID: PMC8400553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are considered the standard of care for type 2 diabetes in many countries worldwide. These molecules have profound anti-hyperglycaemic actions with a favourable safety profile. They are now being considered for their robust cardiovascular (CV) protective qualities in diabetic patients. Most recent CV outcome trials have reported that GLP-1 RAs reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, the GLP-1 RAs seem to target the atherosclerotic CV disease processes preferentially. GLP-1 RAs also improve a wide range of routinely measured surrogate markers associated with CV risk. However, mediation analysis suggests these modest improvements may contribute indirectly to the overall anti-atherogenic profile of the molecules but fall short in accounting for the significant reduction in MACE. This review explores the body of literature to understand the possible mechanisms that contribute to the CV protective profile of GLP-1 RAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Berndt
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.B.); (S.L.O.)
- Eli Lilly Australia Pty. Ltd., West Ryde, NSW 2114, Australia
| | - Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.B.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.B.); (S.L.O.)
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Khan S, Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:268-281. [PMID: 32735531 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731174724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis, which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, initially, and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, The pathophysiology of DCM is briefly discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Syed S Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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