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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhong XP, Xia WF. Regulation of bone metabolism mediated by β-adrenergic receptor and its clinical application. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8967-8973. [PMID: 34786380 PMCID: PMC8567525 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have confirmed that β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) are expressed on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and that the sympathetic nervous system can regulate bone metabolism by activating them. β-AR blockers (BBs) are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. It is important to investigate whether BBs have a beneficial effect on bone metabolism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so as to expand their clinical application. This article reviews the effects of BB on bone metabolism and the progress of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Fang Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Fisher L, Fisher A, Smith PN. Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review). J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3253. [PMID: 33053671 PMCID: PMC7600664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are common multifactorial and heterogenic disorders of increasing incidence. Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) colonizes the stomach approximately in half of the world's population, causes gastroduodenal diseases and is prevalent in numerous extra-digestive diseases known to be associated with OP/OF. The studies regarding relationship between H.p. infection (HPI) and OP/OFs are inconsistent. The current review summarizes the relevant literature on the potential role of HPI in OP, falls and OFs and highlights the reasons for controversies in the publications. In the first section, after a brief overview of HPI biological features, we analyze the studies evaluating the association of HPI and bone status. The second part includes data on the prevalence of OP/OFs in HPI-induced gastroduodenal diseases (peptic ulcer, chronic/atrophic gastritis and cancer) and the effects of acid-suppressive drugs. In the next section, we discuss the possible contribution of HPI-associated extra-digestive diseases and medications to OP/OF, focusing on conditions affecting both bone homeostasis and predisposing to falls. In the last section, we describe clinical implications of accumulated data on HPI as a co-factor of OP/OF and present a feasible five-step algorithm for OP/OF risk assessment and management in regard to HPI, emphasizing the importance of an integrative (but differentiated) holistic approach. Increased awareness about the consequences of HPI linked to OP/OF can aid early detection and management. Further research on the HPI-OP/OF relationship is needed to close current knowledge gaps and improve clinical management of both OP/OF and HPI-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne 3199, Australia
| | - Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
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Sugiyama T. An update on hip fracture risk associated with anticoagulant therapy: warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:1219-1220. [PMID: 32795203 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1811230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University , Saitama, Japan
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Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease and osteoporosis (OP) have become increasing challenges in the aging population and even more in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we discuss how the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CV events and OP are overlapping. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity as conventional risk factors as well as systemic inflammation are among the modifiable risk factors for both CV events and bone loss. In rheumatic patients, systemic “high-grade” inflammation may be the primary driver of accelerated atherogenesis and bone resorption. In the general population, in which some individuals might have low-grade systemic inflammation, a holistic approach to drug treatment and lifestyle modifications may have beneficial effects on the bone as well as the vasculature. In rheumatic patients with accelerated inflammatory atherosclerosis and bone loss, the rapid and effective suppression of inflammation in a treat-to-target regime, aiming at clinical remission, is necessary to effectively control comorbidities.
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Schwetz V, Schnedl C, Urbanic-Purkart T, Trummer C, Dimai HP, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Putz-Bankuti C, Christopher KB, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Pieber TR, Dobnig H, Amrein K. Effect of vitamin D3 on bone turnover markers in critical illness: post hoc analysis from the VITdAL-ICU study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3347-3354. [PMID: 28842727 PMCID: PMC5684305 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this post hoc analysis of the VITdAL-ICU study, an RCT in critically ill adults with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≤20 ng/ml, vitamin D3 did not have a significant effect on β-Crosslaps and osteocalcin. INTRODUCTION Observational studies have shown accelerated bone loss in ICU survivors. A reversible contributor is vitamin D deficiency. In a post hoc analysis of the VITdAL-ICU study, we evaluated the effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on the bone turnover markers (BTM) β-Crosslaps (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC). METHODS The VITdAL-ICU study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in critically ill adults with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≤20 ng/ml who received placebo or high-dose vitamin D3 (a loading dose of 540,000 IU and starting 1 month after the loading dose five monthly maintenance doses of 90,000 IU). In this analysis on 289 survivors (209 telephone, 80 personal follow-up visits), BTM were analyzed on days 0, 3, 7, 28, and 180; self-reported falls and fractures were assessed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured after 6 months. RESULTS At baseline, CTX was elevated; OC was low in both groups-after 6 months, both had returned to normal. There were no differences between groups concerning BTM, BMD, falls, or fractures. In linear mixed effects models, CTX and OC showed a significant change over time (p < 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference between the vitamin D and placebo group (p = 0.688 and p = 0.972, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation did not have a significant effect on BTM. Further studies should assess the effectiveness of vitamin D on musculoskeletal outcomes in ICU survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schwetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - C Schnedl
- Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Carinthia, Austria
| | - T Urbanic-Purkart
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - C Trummer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - H P Dimai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - A Fahrleitner-Pammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - C Putz-Bankuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, LKH Hörgas-Enzenbach, Gratwein-Straßengel, Styria, Austria
| | - K B Christopher
- The Nathan E. Hellman Memorial Laboratory, Division of Renal Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - T R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - H Dobnig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
- Schilddrüsen|Endokrinologie|Osteoporose, Institut Dobnig GmbH, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - K Amrein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria.
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Sugiyama T, Oda H. Improving Hip Fragility by Nitrates: A Mechanistic Insight. Am J Med 2017; 130:e169. [PMID: 28325235 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Japan
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Sugiyama T, Oda H. Edoxaban Versus Warfarin: Bone Fractures Due to Falling. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:466-467. [PMID: 28126164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pastori D, Parrotto S, Vicario T, Saliola M, Mezzaroma I, Violi F, Pignatelli P. Reply to: “Monitoring antivitamin K anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome: A challenge in quality”. Atherosclerosis 2017; 256:148-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aasarød KM, Mosti MP, Stunes AK, Reseland JE, Basso T, Syversen U, Fossmark R. Impaired skeletal health in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:774-81. [PMID: 26854332 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1141317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), destruction of gastric parietal cells causes anacidity and hypergastrinemia. Use of proton pump inhibitors, which also induces gastric anacidity, is associated with increased fracture rates. Our objectives were to study possible differences in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality in patients with CAG compared to controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on 17 CAG patients aged 54 ± 13 years and 41 sex- and age-matched controls. Lumbar and femoral BMD and bone quality assessed by lumbar trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured by DXA, and bone material strength (BMS) by microindentation of the tibia. Serum bone markers (CTX, P1NP, sclerostin, osteocalcin, OPG, RANKL) were analyzed. RESULTS We found lower lumbar BMD Z-score (-0.324 ± 1.096 versus 0.456 ± 1.262, p = 0.030), as well as a higher frequency of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (p = 0.046) and osteopenia at total hip (p = 0.019) in patients compared to controls. In a post hoc subgroup analysis, we observed that the differences were confined to the male patients. TBS also tended to be lower in male patients (p = 0.059), while BMS did not differ between the groups. Osteocalcin, sclerostin, OPG, and OPG/RANKL ratio were lower in patients compared to controls, while CTX and P1NP did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS We observed lower lumbar BMD, increased frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in male, but not female patients with CAG. Bone markers suggest a decrease in bone formation and increased bone resorption in CAG patients compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Matre Aasarød
- a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;,b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- c Department of Biomaterials , Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Trude Basso
- d Department of Orthopedics , St. Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;,e Department of Neuroscience , NTNU , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;,f Department of Endocrinology , St. Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Reidar Fossmark
- a Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway ;,b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
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Wei W, Schwaid AG, Wang X, Wang X, Chen S, Chu Q, Saghatelian A, Wan Y. Ligand Activation of ERRα by Cholesterol Mediates Statin and Bisphosphonate Effects. Cell Metab 2016; 23:479-91. [PMID: 26777690 PMCID: PMC4785078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of gene expression and physiology. Nearly half of all human NRs lack endogenous ligands including estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). ERRα has important roles in cancer, metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis. Affinity chromatography of tissue lipidomes with the ERRα ligand-binding domain (LBD) and subsequent transcriptional assays identified cholesterol as an endogenous ERRα agonist. Perturbation of cholesterol biosynthesis or inhibition of ERRα revealed the interdependence of cholesterol and ERRα. In bone, the effects of cholesterol, statin, and bisphosphonate on osteoclastogenesis require ERRα; and consequently, cholesterol-induced bone loss or bisphosphonate osteoprotection is lost in ERRα knockout mice. Furthermore, statin induction of muscle toxicity and cholesterol suppression of macrophage cytokine secretion are impaired by loss or inhibition of ERRα. These findings reveal a key step in ERRα regulation and explain the actions of two highly prescribed drugs, statins and bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam G Schwaid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xunde Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shili Chen
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology and Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qian Chu
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology and Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Clayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology and Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Sugiyama T, Kugimiya F, Kono S, Kim YT, Oda H. Warfarin use and fracture risk: an evidence-based mechanistic insight. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1231-2. [PMID: 25300528 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan,
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Torbergsen AC, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Frihagen F, Strømsøe K, Bøhmer T, Mowe M. Vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D are independently and synergistically associated with a risk for hip fracture in an elderly population: A case control study. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Prolonged Diuretic Activity and Calcium-Sparing Effect of Tropaeolum majus: Evidence in the Prevention of Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:958291. [PMID: 25028592 PMCID: PMC4083603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/958291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies indicate high effectiveness in the use of the hydroethanolic extract from Tropaeolum majus (HETM) as a diuretic, the impact of its prolonged use in the presence of low estrogen levels remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the diuretic effects of prolonged administration of HETM in ovariectomized rats and their interrelationship between calcium excretion and bone turnover. Forty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with different doses of HETM (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On the first day of treatment and at weekly intervals for four weeks the diuretic activity was evaluated. Electrolyte concentrations and creatinine levels were estimated from urine sample of each rat. The serum lipids, urea, creatinine, and osteocalcin were also measured at the end of the experiment. The data revealed that the HETM was able to sustain its diuretic effect after prolonged treatment. Moreover, its use has not affected the urinary calcium or potassium excretion, reduces lipid levels, and maintains osteocalcin levels similarly to untreated rats. These findings support the potential of HETM as a candidate to be used in clinical conditions in which the renal loss of calcium is not desired.
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Farr JN, Drake MT, Amin S, Melton LJ, McCready LK, Khosla S. In vivo assessment of bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:787-95. [PMID: 24123088 PMCID: PMC3961509 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at significant risk for well-recognized diabetic complications, including macrovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, it is also clear that T2D patients are at increased risk for fragility fractures. Furthermore, fragility fractures in patients with T2D occur at higher bone mineral density (BMD) values compared to nondiabetic controls, suggesting abnormalities in bone material strength (BMS) and/or bone microarchitecture (bone "quality"). Thus, we performed in vivo microindentation testing of the tibia to directly measure BMS in 60 postmenopausal women (age range, 50-80 years) including 30 patients diagnosed with T2D for >10 years and 30 age-matched, nondiabetic controls. Regional BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) images of the distal radius and tibia. Compared to controls, T2D patients had significantly lower BMS: unadjusted (-11.7%; p<0.001); following adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (-10.5%; p<0.001); and following additional adjustment for age, hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and vascular disease (-9.2%; p=0.022). By contrast, after adjustment for confounding by BMI, T2D patients had bone microarchitecture and BMD that were not significantly different than controls; however, radial cortical porosity tended to be higher in the T2D patients. In addition, patients with T2D had significantly reduced serum markers of bone turnover (all p<0.001) compared to controls. Of note, in patients with T2D, the average glycated hemoglobin level over the previous 10 years was negatively correlated with BMS (r=-0.41; p=0.026). In conclusion, these findings represent the first demonstration of compromised BMS in patients with T2D. Furthermore, our results confirm previous studies demonstrating low bone turnover in patients with T2D and highlight the potential detrimental effects of prolonged hyperglycemia on bone quality. Thus, the skeleton needs to be recognized as another important target tissue subject to diabetic complications. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kang KY, Kang Y, Kim M, Kim Y, Yi H, Kim J, Jung HR, Park SH, Kim HY, Ju JH, Hong YS. The effects of antihypertensive drugs on bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1139-44. [PMID: 23960439 PMCID: PMC3744700 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.8.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of several antihypertensive drugs on bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural changes in ovariectomized (OVX) mice were investigated. Eight-week-old female C57/BL6 mice were used for this study. Three days after ovariectomy, mice were treated intraperitoneally with nifedipine (15 mg/kg), telmisartan (5 mg/kg), enalapril (20 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/kg) for 35 consecutive days. Uterine atrophy of all mice was confirmed to evaluate estrogen deficiency state. BMD and micro-architectural analyses were performed on tibial proximal ends by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). When OVX mice with uterine atrophy were compared with mice without atrophy, BMD decreased (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in BMD loss between different antihypertensive drugs (P = 0.005). Enalapril and propranolol increased BMD loss in mice with atrophied uteri compared with control mice. By contrast, thiazide increased BMD in mice with uterine atrophy compared with vehicle-treated mice (P = 0.048). Thiazide (P = 0.032) and telmisartan (P = 0.051) reduced bone loss and bone fraction in mice with uterine atrophy compared with the control. Thiazide affects BMD in OVX mice positively. The reduction in bone loss by thiazide and telmisartan suggest that these drugs may benefit menopausal women with hypertension and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Young Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoongoo Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirinae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoju Yi
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juryun Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Rin Jung
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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