1
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Kim H, Aliar K, Tharmapalan P, McCloskey CW, Kuttanamkuzhi A, Grünwald BT, Palomero L, Mahendralingam MJ, Waas M, Mer AS, Elliott MJ, Zhang B, Al-Zahrani KN, Langille ER, Parsons M, Narala S, Hofer S, Waterhouse PD, Hakem R, Haibe-Kains B, Kislinger T, Schramek D, Cescon DW, Pujana MA, Berman HK, Khokha R. Differential DNA damage repair and PARP inhibitor vulnerability of the mammary epithelial lineages. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113256. [PMID: 37847590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely assumed that all normal somatic cells can equally perform homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that the DDR in normal mammary gland inherently depends on the epithelial cell lineage identity. Bioinformatics, post-irradiation DNA damage repair kinetics, and clonogenic assays demonstrated luminal lineage exhibiting a more pronounced DDR and HR repair compared to the basal lineage. Consequently, basal progenitors were far more sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in both mouse and human mammary epithelium. Furthermore, PARPi sensitivity of murine and human breast cancer cell lines as well as patient-derived xenografts correlated with their molecular resemblance to the mammary progenitor lineages. Thus, mammary epithelial cells are intrinsically divergent in their DNA damage repair capacity and PARPi vulnerability, potentially influencing the clinical utility of this targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeon Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kazeera Aliar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Barbara T Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Luis Palomero
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathepan J Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Arvind S Mer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Elliott
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ellen R Langille
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael Parsons
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Swami Narala
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Razqallah Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Miquel A Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
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2
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Engelsen AST, Wnuk-Lipinska K, Bougnaud S, Pelissier Vatter FA, Tiron C, Villadsen R, Miyano M, Lotsberg ML, Madeleine N, Panahandeh P, Dhakal S, Tan TZ, Peters SD, Grøndal S, Aziz SM, Nord S, Herfindal L, Stampfer MR, Sørlie T, Brekken RA, Straume O, Halberg N, Gausdal G, Thiery JP, Akslen LA, Petersen OW, LaBarge MA, Lorens JB. AXL Is a Driver of Stemness in Normal Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer. iScience 2020; 23:101649. [PMID: 33103086 PMCID: PMC7578759 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is associated with epithelial plasticity in several solid tumors including breast cancer and AXL-targeting agents are currently in clinical trials. We hypothesized that AXL is a driver of stemness traits in cancer by co-option of a regulatory function normally reserved for stem cells. AXL-expressing cells in human mammary epithelial ducts co-expressed markers associated with multipotency, and AXL inhibition abolished colony formation and self-maintenance activities while promoting terminal differentiation in vitro. Axl-null mice did not exhibit a strong developmental phenotype, but enrichment of Axl + cells was required for mouse mammary gland reconstitution upon transplantation, and Axl-null mice had reduced incidence of Wnt1-driven mammary tumors. An AXL-dependent gene signature is a feature of transcriptomes in basal breast cancers and reduced patient survival irrespective of subtype. Our interpretation is that AXL regulates access to epithelial plasticity programs in MaSCs and, when co-opted, maintains acquired stemness in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete S T Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Sebastien Bougnaud
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Fanny A Pelissier Vatter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Crina Tiron
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Masaru Miyano
- Biolgical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91910, USA
| | - Maria L Lotsberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Noëlly Madeleine
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pouda Panahandeh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sushil Dhakal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | | | - Sturla Grøndal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sura M Aziz
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Biolgical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Therese Sørlie
- Department of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Oddbjørn Straume
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Gausdal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A-STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Bio-island, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole W Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Biolgical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91910, USA
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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4
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Matsubara L, Fukuoka T, Sudo K, Fukunaga T, Imanishi A, Kuronuma K, Matsuo M, Kamoshida S, Hasegawa N, Asano S, Ito M. Translin restricts the growth of pubertal mammary epithelial cells estrogen-independently in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:562-568. [PMID: 31677798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Translin, a ubiquitous RNA/DNA-binding protein that forms a hetero-octamer together with Translin-associated factor X (TRAX), possesses endoribonuclease activity and plays a physiological role in restricting the size and differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells. However, the precise role of Translin in epithelial cells remains unclear. Here, we show evidence that Translin restricts the growth of pubertal mammary epithelial cells. The mammary epithelia of Translin-null females exhibited retarded growth before puberty, but highly enhanced growth and DNA synthesis with increased ramification after the onset of puberty. Primary cultures of Translin-null mammary epithelial cells showed augmented DNA synthesis in a ligand-independent and ligand-enhanced manner. Translin-null ovariectomized mice implanted with slow-release estrogen pellets showed enhanced length and ramification of the mammary glands. Mammary epithelial growth was also observed in ovariectomized Translin-null mice implanted with placebo pellets. Luciferase reporter assays using embryonic fibroblasts from Translin-null mice showed unaltered estrogen receptor α function. These results indicate that Translin plays a physiological role in restricting intrinsic growth, beyond mesenchymal cells, of pubertal mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Matsubara
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukuoka
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 159-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Azusa Imanishi
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Kana Kuronuma
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Miki Matsuo
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Asano
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 159-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ito
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 159-8555, Japan.
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5
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Tharmapalan P, Mahendralingam M, Berman HK, Khokha R. Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100852. [PMID: 31267556 PMCID: PMC6627238 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention is daunting, yet not an unsurmountable goal. Mammary stem and progenitors have been proposed as the cells-of-origin in breast cancer. Here, we present the concept of limiting these breast cancer precursors as a risk reduction approach in high-risk women. A wealth of information now exists for phenotypic and functional characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells in mouse and human. Recent work has also revealed the hormonal regulation of stem/progenitor dynamics as well as intrinsic lineage distinctions between mammary epithelial populations. Leveraging these insights, molecular marker-guided chemoprevention is an achievable reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathepan Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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6
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Joshi PA, Waterhouse PD, Kasaian K, Fang H, Gulyaeva O, Sul HS, Boutros PC, Khokha R. PDGFRα + stromal adipocyte progenitors transition into epithelial cells during lobulo-alveologenesis in the murine mammary gland. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1760. [PMID: 30988300 PMCID: PMC6465250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland experiences substantial remodeling and regeneration during development and reproductive life, facilitated by stem cells and progenitors that act in concert with physiological stimuli. While studies have focused on deciphering regenerative cells within the parenchymal epithelium, cell lineages in the stroma that may directly contribute to epithelial biology is unknown. Here we identify, in mouse, the transition of a PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cell population into mammary epithelial progenitors. In addition to being adipocyte progenitors, PDGFRα+ cells make a de novo contribution to luminal and basal epithelia during mammary morphogenesis. In the adult, this mesenchymal lineage primarily generates luminal progenitors within lobuloalveoli during sex hormone exposure or pregnancy. We identify cell migration as a key molecular event that is activated in mesenchymal progenitors in response to epithelium-derived chemoattractant. These findings demonstrate a stromal reservoir of epithelial progenitors and provide insight into cell origins and plasticity during mammary tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | | | - Katayoon Kasaian
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Olga Gulyaeva
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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7
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Mariya S, Dewi FN, Suparto IH, Wilkerson GK, Cline MJ, Iskandriati D, Budiarsa NI, Sajuthi D. Mammosphere Culture of Mammary Cells from Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2019; 69:144-150. [PMID: 30732675 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland contains adult stem cells that are capable of self-renewal. Although these cells hold an important role in the biology and pathology of the breast, the studies of mammary stem cells are few due to the difficulty of acquiring and expanding undifferentiated adult stem cell populations. In this study, we developed mammosphere cultures from frozen mammary cells of nulliparous cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) as a culture system to enrich mammary stem cells. Small samples of mammary tissues were collected by surgical biopsy; cells were cultured in epithelial cell growth medium and cryopreserved. Cryopreserved cells were cultured into mammospheres, and the expression of markers for stemness was evaluated by using quantitative PCR analysis. Cells were further differentiated by using 2D and 3D approaches to evaluate morphology and organoid budding, respectively. The study showed that mammosphere culture resulted in an increase in the expression of mammary stem cell markers with each passage. In contrast, markers for epithelial cells and pluripotency decreased across multiple passages. The 2D differentiation of the cells showed heterogeneous morphology, whereas 3D differentiation allowed for organoid formation. The results indicate that mammospheres can be successfully developed from frozen mammary cells derived from breast tissue collected from nulliparous cynomolgus macaques through surgical biopsy. Because mammosphere cultures allow for the enrichment of a mammary stem cell population, this refined method provides a model for the in vitro or ex vivo study of mammary stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmi Mariya
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;,
| | - Fitriya N Dewi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Irma H Suparto
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Mathematic and Nature Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Michale E Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Mark J Cline
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Diah Iskandriati
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nengah I Budiarsa
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dondin Sajuthi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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8
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Stem Cells and Cellular Origins of Mammary Gland: Updates in Rationale, Controversies, and Cancer Relevance. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4247168. [PMID: 30728840 PMCID: PMC6341275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4247168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidences have supported the pivotal roles of stem cells in mammary gland development. Many molecular markers have been identified to characterize mammary stem cells. Cellular fate mapping of mammary stem cells by lineage tracing has put unprecedented insights into the mammary stem cell biology, which identified two subtypes of mammary stem cells, including unipotent and multipotent, which specifically differentiate to luminal or basal cells. The emerging single-cell sequencing profiles have given a more comprehensive understanding on the cellular hierarchy and lineage signatures of mammary epithelium. Besides, the stem cell niche worked as an essential regulator in sustaining the functions of mammary stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of mammary stem cells. The cellular origins of mammary gland are discussed to understand the stem cell heterogeneity and their diverse differentiations. Importantly, current studies suggested that the breast cancer stem cells may originate from the mammary stem cells after specific mutations, indicating their close relationships. Here, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in the cancer relevance of mammary stem cells.
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9
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Conditional knockout of N-Myc and STAT interactor disrupts normal mammary development and enhances metastatic ability of mammary tumors. Oncogene 2018; 37:1610-1623. [PMID: 29326438 PMCID: PMC5921859 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of organ development requires a delicate balance between cellular plasticity and differentiation. This balance is disrupted in cancer initiation and progression. N-Myc and STAT interactor (NMI: human or Nmi: murine) has emerged as a relevant player in the etiology of breast cancer. However, a fundamental understanding of its relevance to normal mammary biology is lacking. To gain insight into its normal function in mammary gland, we generated a mammary-specific Nmi knockout mouse model. We observed that Nmi protein expression is induced in mammary epithelium at the onset of pregnancy, in luminal cells and persists throughout lactation. Nmi knockout results in a precocious alveolar phenotype. These alveoli exhibit an extensive presence of nuclear β-catenin and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The Nmi knockout pubertal ductal tree shows enhanced invasion of the mammary fatpad and increased terminal end bud numbers. Tumors from Nmi null mammary epithelium show a significant enrichment of poorly differentiated cells with elevated stem/progenitor markers, active Wnt/β-catenin signaling, highly invasive morphology as well as, increased number of distant metastases. Our study demonstrates that Nmi has a distinct role in the differentiation process of mammary luminal epithelial cell compartment and developmental aberrations resulting from Nmi absence contribute to metastasis and demonstrates that aberration in normal developmental program can lead to metastatic disease, highlighting the contribution and importance of luminal progenitor cells in driving metastatic disease.
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10
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O'Leary KA, Shea MP, Salituro S, Blohm CE, Schuler LA. Prolactin Alters the Mammary Epithelial Hierarchy, Increasing Progenitors and Facilitating Ovarian Steroid Action. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1167-1179. [PMID: 28919264 PMCID: PMC5639259 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones drive mammary development and function and play critical roles in breast cancer. Epidemiologic studies link prolactin (PRL) to increased risk for aggressive cancers that express estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, in contrast to ovarian steroids, PRL actions on the mammary gland outside of pregnancy are poorly understood. We employed the transgenic NRL-PRL model to examine the effects of PRL alone and with defined estrogen/progesterone exposure on stem/progenitor activity and regulatory networks that drive epithelial differentiation. PRL increased progenitors and modulated transcriptional programs, even without ovarian steroids, and with steroids further raised stem cell activity associated with elevated canonical Wnt signaling. However, despite facilitating some steroid actions, PRL opposed steroid-driven luminal maturation and increased CD61+ luminal cells. Our findings demonstrate that PRL can powerfully influence the epithelial hierarchy alone and temper the actions of ovarian steroids, which may underlie its role in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael P Shea
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stephanie Salituro
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Courtney E Blohm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; UW Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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11
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Mammary Gland Cell Culture of Macaca fascicularis as a Reservoir for Stem Cells. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Ables ET, Drummond-Barbosa D. Steroid Hormones and the Physiological Regulation of Tissue-Resident Stem Cells: Lessons from the Drosophila Ovary. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:9-18. [PMID: 28458991 PMCID: PMC5407287 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cells respond to local paracrine signals; more recently, however, systemic hormones have also emerged as key regulators of stem cells. This review explores the role of steroid hormones in stem cells, using the Drosophila germline stem cell as a centerpiece for discussion. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells sense and respond directly and indirectly to steroid hormones, which regulate diverse sets of target genes via interactions with nuclear hormone receptors. Hormone-regulated networks likely integrate the actions of multiple systemic signals to adjust the activity of stem cell lineages in response to changes in physiological status. SUMMARY Hormones are inextricably linked to animal physiology, and can control stem cells and their local niches. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormone signaling in stem cells is essential for our understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of stem cell biology, and for informing new therapeutic interventions against cancers or for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Reproductive Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Wang Z, Liu H, Liu S. Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600248. [PMID: 28251049 PMCID: PMC5323866 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer-promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low-dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- School of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan Province453003China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of BioprocessBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
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14
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Santoro A, Vlachou T, Carminati M, Pelicci PG, Mapelli M. Molecular mechanisms of asymmetric divisions in mammary stem cells. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1700-1720. [PMID: 27872203 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the remarkable ability to undergo proliferative symmetric divisions and self-renewing asymmetric divisions. Balancing of the two modes of division sustains tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Asymmetric divisions of Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs) and sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells served as prototypes to learn what we consider now principles of asymmetric mitoses. They also provide initial evidence supporting the notion that aberrant symmetric divisions of stem cells could correlate with malignancy. However, transferring the molecular knowledge of circuits underlying asymmetry from flies to mammals has proven more challenging than expected. Several experimental approaches have been used to define asymmetry in mammalian systems, based on daughter cell fate, unequal partitioning of determinants and niche contacts, or proliferative potential. In this review, we aim to provide a critical evaluation of the assays used to establish the stem cell mode of division, with a particular focus on the mammary gland system. In this context, we will discuss the genetic alterations that impinge on the modality of stem cell division and their role in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Thalia Vlachou
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Carminati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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15
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Yanagawa T, Denda K, Inatani T, Fukushima T, Tanaka T, Kumaki N, Inagaki Y, Komada M. Deficiency of X-Linked Protein Kinase Nrk during Pregnancy Triggers Breast Tumor in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2751-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Gharwan H, Bunch KP, Annunziata CM. The role of reproductive hormones in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R339-63. [PMID: 26373571 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer comprises ∼85% of all ovarian cancer cases. Despite acceptance regarding the influence of reproductive hormones on ovarian cancer risk and considerable advances in the understanding of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis on a molecular level, complete understanding of the biologic processes underlying malignant transformation of ovarian surface epithelium is lacking. Various hypotheses have been proposed over the past several decades to explain the etiology of the disease. The role of reproductive hormones in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis remains a key topic of research. Primary questions in the field of ovarian cancer biology center on its developmental cell of origin, the positive and negative effects of each class of hormones on ovarian cancer initiation and progression, and the role of the immune system in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. The development of the female reproductive tract is dictated by the hormonal milieu during embryogenesis. Intensive research efforts have revealed that ovarian cancer is a heterogenous disease that may develop from multiple extra-ovarian tissues, including both Müllerian (fallopian tubes, endometrium) and non-Müllerian structures (gastrointestinal tissue), contributing to its heterogeneity and distinct histologic subtypes. The mechanism underlying ovarian localization, however, remains unclear. Here, we discuss the role of reproductive hormones in influencing the immune system and tipping the balance against or in favor of developing ovarian cancer. We comment on animal models that are critical for experimentally validating existing hypotheses in key areas of endocrine research and useful for preclinical drug development. Finally, we address emerging therapeutic trends directed against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gharwan
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen P Bunch
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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La Colla A, Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in sarcopenia: Role of satellite cells. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:166-77. [PMID: 26247846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, referred to as sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are unclear, evidence suggests that an age-related acceleration of myocyte loss via apoptosis might be responsible for muscle perfomance decline. Interestingly, sarcopenia has been associated to a deficit of sex hormones which decrease upon aging. The skeletal muscle ability to repair and regenerate itself would not be possible without satellite cells, a subpopulation of cells that remain quiescent throughout life. They are activated in response to stress, enabling them to guide skeletal muscle regeneration. Thus, these cells could be a key factor to overcome sarcopenia. Of importance, satellite cells are 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) targets. In this review, we summarize potential mechanisms through which these hormones regulate satellite cells activation during skeletal muscle regeneration in the elderly. The advance in its understanding will help to the development of potential therapeutic agents to alleviate and treat sarcopenia and other related myophaties.
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18
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Joshi PA, Waterhouse PD, Kannan N, Narala S, Fang H, Di Grappa MA, Jackson HW, Penninger JM, Eaves C, Khokha R. RANK Signaling Amplifies WNT-Responsive Mammary Progenitors through R-SPONDIN1. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:31-44. [PMID: 26095608 PMCID: PMC4618445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and local signals must be integrated by mammary stem and progenitor cells to regulate their cyclic growth and turnover in the adult gland. Here, we show RANK-positive luminal progenitors exhibiting WNT pathway activation are selectively expanded in the human breast during the progesterone-high menstrual phase. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we examined mouse models and found that loss of RANK prevents the proliferation of hormone receptor-negative luminal mammary progenitors and basal cells, an accompanying loss of WNT activation, and, hence, a suppression of lobuloalveologenesis. We also show that R-spondin1 is depleted in RANK-null progenitors, and that its exogenous administration rescues key aspects of RANK deficiency by reinstating a WNT response and mammary cell expansion. Our findings point to a novel role of RANK in dictating WNT responsiveness to mediate hormone-induced changes in the growth dynamics of adult mammary cells. Luminal progenitors are targets of progesterone in the adult human breast Progesterone-induced expansion of mammary epithelial subsets requires RANK RANK signaling targets WNT-responsive ER–PR– luminal progenitors and basal cells RANK controls RSPO1, which rescues defective progenitor expansion in Rank-null state
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Swami Narala
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Connie Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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19
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Shiah YJ, Tharmapalan P, Casey AE, Joshi PA, McKee TD, Jackson HW, Beristain AG, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Bader GD, Lydon JP, Waterhouse PD, Boutros PC, Khokha R. A Progesterone-CXCR4 Axis Controls Mammary Progenitor Cell Fate in the Adult Gland. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:313-322. [PMID: 28447939 PMCID: PMC4376056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone drives mammary stem and progenitor cell dynamics through paracrine mechanisms that are currently not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4, the receptor for stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXC12), is a crucial instructor of hormone-induced mammary stem and progenitor cell function. Progesterone elicits specific changes in the transcriptome of basal and luminal mammary epithelial populations, where CXCL12 and CXCR4 represent a putative ligand-receptor pair. In situ, CXCL12 localizes to progesterone-receptor-positive luminal cells, whereas CXCR4 is induced in both basal and luminal compartments in a progesterone-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signaling abrogates progesterone-directed expansion of basal (CD24+CD49fhi) and luminal (CD24+CD49flo) subsets. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in CD49b+SCA-1− luminal progenitors, their functional capacity, and lobuloalveologenesis. These findings uncover CXCL12 and CXCR4 as novel paracrine effectors of hormone signaling in the adult mammary gland, and present a new avenue for potentially targeting progenitor cell growth and malignant transformation in breast cancer. Progesterone induces distinct molecular programs in mammary cell compartments CXCR4 induction occurs in lobuloalveoli and is progesterone dependent CXCR4 inhibition abrogates luminal progenitor expansion and mammopoiesis Targeting of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis may limit mammary progenitor cell transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Alison E Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michelle A Chan-Seng-Yue
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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20
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Lamberti D, Vicini E. Promoter analysis of the gene encoding GDNF in murine Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 394:105-14. [PMID: 25025809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
GDNF is a Sertoli-cell-derived factor that controls the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of the spermatogonial stem cells. Although research in recent years has concentrated on the impact of GDNF on target germ cells rather little attention has been paid to the molecular control of GDNF expression in Sertoli cells. Here, we aimed to characterize the promoter region of the mouse gdnf gene active in Sertoli cells. We identified the transcriptional start sites and analyzed the promoter activity of the 5'-flanking regions. By in-silico analysis of evolutionarily conserved DNA sequences we identified several putative transcription factor-binding regions. Deletion analysis showed the involvement of the three CRE sites for basal and cAMP-induced expression of gdnf in murine Sertoli cells. These results provide the basis for future studies to analyze how hormonal or paracrine signals modulate the transcriptional activity of gdnf in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Lamberti
- Fondazione Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Fondazione Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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21
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Lasorella A, Benezra R, Iavarone A. The ID proteins: master regulators of cancer stem cells and tumour aggressiveness. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:77-91. [PMID: 24442143 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are transcriptional regulators that control the timing of cell fate determination and differentiation in stem and progenitor cells during normal development and adult life. ID genes are frequently deregulated in many types of human neoplasms, and they endow cancer cells with biological features that are hijacked from normal stem cells. The ability of ID proteins to function as central 'hubs' for the coordination of multiple cancer hallmarks has established these transcriptional regulators as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in specific types of human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 241, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
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22
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Intrinsic ability of adult stem cell in skeletal muscle: an effective and replenishable resource to the establishment of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:420164. [PMID: 23818907 PMCID: PMC3684130 DOI: 10.1155/2013/420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play an essential role in mammalian organ maintenance and repair throughout adulthood since they ensure that organs retain their ability to regenerate. The choice of cell fate by adult stem cells for cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation into multiple lineages is critically important for the homeostasis and biological function of individual organs. Responses of stem cells to stress, injury, or environmental change are precisely regulated by intercellular and intracellular signaling networks, and these molecular events cooperatively define the ability of stem cell throughout life. Skeletal muscle tissue represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle contains myogenic satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that retain multipotent differentiation abilities. These stem cell populations have the capacity for long-term proliferation and high self-renewal. The molecular mechanisms associated with deficits in skeletal muscle and stem cell function have been extensively studied. Muscle-derived stem cells are an obvious, readily available cell resource that offers promise for cell-based therapy and various applications in the field of tissue engineering. This review describes the strategies commonly used to identify and functionally characterize adult stem cells, focusing especially on satellite cells, and discusses their potential applications.
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23
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Defalco T, Saraswathula A, Briot A, Iruela-Arispe ML, Capel B. Testosterone levels influence mouse fetal Leydig cell progenitors through notch signaling. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:91. [PMID: 23467742 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells are the steroidogenic lineage of the mammalian testis that produces testosterone, a key hormone required throughout male fetal and adult life for virilization and spermatogenesis. Both fetal and adult Leydig cells arise from a progenitor population in the testis interstitium but are thought to be lineage-independent of one another. Genetic evidence indicates that Notch signaling is required during fetal life to maintain a balance between differentiated Leydig cells and their progenitors, but the elusive progenitor cell type and ligands involved have not been identified. In this study, we show that the Notch pathway signals through the ligand JAG1 in perivascular interstitial cells during fetal life. In the early postnatal testis, we show that circulating levels of testosterone directly affect Notch signaling, implicating a feedback role for systemic circulating factors in the regulation of progenitor cells. Between Postnatal Days 3 and 21, as fetal Leydig cells disappear from the testis and are replaced by adult Leydig cells, the perivascular population of interstitial cells active for Notch signaling declines, consistent with distinct regulation of adult Leydig progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Defalco
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Abstract
Based on the results of a French cohort of postmenopausal women, it has been claimed that micronized progesterone does not enhance breast cancer risk. The impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer risk and a high prevalence of occult breast carcinomas at the time of menopause suggest an involvement of endogenous progesterone in the development of breast cancer. High mammographic density in the luteal phase and during treatment with estrogen/progestogen combinations reflect a change in the composition of mammary stroma and an increased water accumulation in the extracellular matrix which is caused by hygroscopic hyaluronan-proteoglycan aggregates. Proteoglycans are also involved in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and differentiation of epithelial cells and angiogenesis, and may influence malignant transformation of breast cells and progression of tumors. Reports on a lack of effect of estrogen/progesterone therapy on breast cancer risk may be rooted in a selective prescription to overweight women and/or to the very low progesterone serum levels after oral administration owing to a strong inactivation rate. The contradictory results concerning the proliferative effect of progesterone may be associated with a different local metabolism in normal compared to malignant breast tissue. Similar to other progestogens, hormone replacement therapy with progesterone seems to promote the development of breast cancer, provided that the progesterone serum levels have reached the threshold for endometrial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuhl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
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Why are reproductive cancers more common in nulliparous women? Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26:416-9. [PMID: 23518034 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that nulliparity is associated with an increased risk for certain reproductive malignancies, including breast, ovarian and uterine cancers. A recent commentary in The Lancet summarized the available evidence based on data in nulliparous women and concluded that the risk of nulliparity was related to the increased number of ovulatory cycles, and so might be preventable by utilization of oral contraceptives. That communication described significant differences in age-dependent cancer mortality in nulliparous nuns, as well as in parous controls, between breast, ovarian and uterine cancers. Moreover, the steep inclines in cancer mortality in nuns are only observed decades after the menopause. Taken together, these observations make it appear unlikely that the number of ovulations is associated aetiologically with increased cancer risks in nulliparous nuns. Here are postulated other possible primary mechanisms that could be responsible for the reported age-related increase in cancer risks in nulliparous women, such as nuns, and conclude that a better understanding of such mechanisms may offer important new insights into tumour initiation in general.
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