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Waas M, Khoo A, Tharmapalan P, McCloskey CW, Govindarajan M, Zhang B, Khan S, Waterhouse PD, Khokha R, Kislinger T. Droplet-based proteomics reveals CD36 as a marker for progenitors in mammary basal epithelium. Cell Rep Methods 2024; 4:100741. [PMID: 38569541 PMCID: PMC11045875 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Deep proteomic profiling of rare cell populations has been constrained by sample input requirements. Here, we present DROPPS (droplet-based one-pot preparation for proteomic samples), an accessible low-input platform that generates high-fidelity proteomic profiles of 100-2,500 cells. By applying DROPPS within the mammary epithelium, we elucidated the connection between mitochondrial activity and clonogenicity, identifying CD36 as a marker of progenitor capacity in the basal cell compartment. We anticipate that DROPPS will accelerate biology-driven proteomic research for a multitude of rare cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Amanda Khoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Meinusha Govindarajan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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2
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Kim H, Aliar K, Tharmapalan P, McCloskey CW, Kuttanamkuzhi A, Grünwald BT, Palomero L, Mahendralingam MJ, Waas M, Mer AS, Elliott MJ, Zhang B, Al-Zahrani KN, Langille ER, Parsons M, Narala S, Hofer S, Waterhouse PD, Hakem R, Haibe-Kains B, Kislinger T, Schramek D, Cescon DW, Pujana MA, Berman HK, Khokha R. Differential DNA damage repair and PARP inhibitor vulnerability of the mammary epithelial lineages. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113382. [PMID: 37883228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
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3
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Kim H, Aliar K, Tharmapalan P, McCloskey CW, Kuttanamkuzhi A, Grünwald BT, Palomero L, Mahendralingam MJ, Waas M, Mer AS, Elliott MJ, Zhang B, Al-Zahrani KN, Langille ER, Parsons M, Narala S, Hofer S, Waterhouse PD, Hakem R, Haibe-Kains B, Kislinger T, Schramek D, Cescon DW, Pujana MA, Berman HK, Khokha R. Differential DNA damage repair and PARP inhibitor vulnerability of the mammary epithelial lineages. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113256. [PMID: 37847590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely assumed that all normal somatic cells can equally perform homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that the DDR in normal mammary gland inherently depends on the epithelial cell lineage identity. Bioinformatics, post-irradiation DNA damage repair kinetics, and clonogenic assays demonstrated luminal lineage exhibiting a more pronounced DDR and HR repair compared to the basal lineage. Consequently, basal progenitors were far more sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in both mouse and human mammary epithelium. Furthermore, PARPi sensitivity of murine and human breast cancer cell lines as well as patient-derived xenografts correlated with their molecular resemblance to the mammary progenitor lineages. Thus, mammary epithelial cells are intrinsically divergent in their DNA damage repair capacity and PARPi vulnerability, potentially influencing the clinical utility of this targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeon Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kazeera Aliar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Barbara T Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Luis Palomero
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathepan J Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Arvind S Mer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Elliott
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ellen R Langille
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael Parsons
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Swami Narala
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Razqallah Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Miquel A Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
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4
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Molyneux SD, Waterhouse PD, Shelton D, Shao YW, Watling CM, Tang QL, Harris IS, Dickson BC, Tharmapalan P, Sandve GK, Zhang X, Bailey SD, Berman H, Wunder JS, Izsvák Z, Lupien M, Mak TW, Khokha R. Author Correction: Human somatic cell mutagenesis creates genetically tractable sarcomas. Nat Genet 2020; 52:464. [PMID: 32094913 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam D Molyneux
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawne Shelton
- Digital-biology Center, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Yang W Shao
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher M Watling
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing-Lian Tang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geir K Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Department of Pathology and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Lupien
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Saw S, Aiken A, Fang H, McKee TD, Bregant S, Sanchez O, Chen Y, Weiss A, Dickson BC, Czarny B, Sinha A, Fosang A, Dive V, Waterhouse PD, Kislinger T, Khokha R. Metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP proteins control FGF-2 bioavailability and regulate skeletal growth. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3134-3152. [PMID: 31371388 PMCID: PMC6719459 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saw et al. show via the combinatorial deletion of Timp family members in mice that metalloprotease regulation of FGF-2 is a crucial event in the chondrocyte maturation program, underlying the growth plate development and bone elongation responsible for attaining proper body stature. Regulated growth plate activity is essential for postnatal bone development and body stature, yet the systems regulating epiphyseal fusion are poorly understood. Here, we show that the tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease (TIMP) gene family is essential for normal bone growth after birth. Whole-body quadruple-knockout mice lacking all four TIMPs have growth plate closure in long bones, precipitating limb shortening, epiphyseal distortion, and widespread chondrodysplasia. We identify TIMP/FGF-2/IHH as a novel nexus underlying bone lengthening where TIMPs negatively regulate the release of FGF-2 from chondrocytes to allow IHH expression. Using a knock-in approach that combines MMP-resistant or ADAMTS-resistant aggrecans with TIMP deficiency, we uncouple growth plate activity in axial and appendicular bones. Thus, natural metalloprotease inhibitors are crucial regulators of chondrocyte maturation program, growth plate integrity, and skeletal proportionality. Furthermore, individual and combinatorial TIMP-deficient mice demonstrate the redundancy of metalloprotease inhibitor function in embryonic and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Saw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison Aiken
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Otto Sanchez
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Ankit Sinha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amanda Fosang
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Dive
- Institute of Biology and Technology, Saclay, France
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Shehata M, Kim H, Vellanki R, Waterhouse PD, Mahendralingam M, Casey AE, Koritzinsky M, Khokha R. Identifying the murine mammary cell target of metformin exposure. Commun Biol 2019; 2:192. [PMID: 31123716 PMCID: PMC6527562 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of breast cancer makes current therapies challenging. Metformin, the anti-diabetic drug, has shown promising anti-cancer activities in epidemiological studies and breast cancer models. Yet, how metformin alters the normal adult breast tissue remains elusive. We demonstrate metformin intake at a clinically relevant dose impacts the hormone receptor positive (HR+) luminal cells in the normal murine mammary gland. Metformin decreases total cell number, progenitor capacity and specifically reduces DNA damage in normal HR+ luminal cells, decreases oxygen consumption rate and increases cell cycle length of luminal cells. HR+ luminal cells demonstrate the lowest levels of mitochondrial respiration and capacity to handle oxidative stress compared to the other fractions, suggesting their intrinsic susceptibility to long-term metformin exposure. Uncovering HR+ luminal cells in the normal mammary gland as the major cell target of metformin exposure could identify patients that would most benefit from repurposing this anti-diabetic drug for cancer prevention/therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shehata
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Hyeyeon Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Ravi Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Paul D. Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | | | - Alison E. Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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7
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Joshi PA, Waterhouse PD, Kasaian K, Fang H, Gulyaeva O, Sul HS, Boutros PC, Khokha R. PDGFRα + stromal adipocyte progenitors transition into epithelial cells during lobulo-alveologenesis in the murine mammary gland. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1760. [PMID: 30988300 PMCID: PMC6465250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland experiences substantial remodeling and regeneration during development and reproductive life, facilitated by stem cells and progenitors that act in concert with physiological stimuli. While studies have focused on deciphering regenerative cells within the parenchymal epithelium, cell lineages in the stroma that may directly contribute to epithelial biology is unknown. Here we identify, in mouse, the transition of a PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cell population into mammary epithelial progenitors. In addition to being adipocyte progenitors, PDGFRα+ cells make a de novo contribution to luminal and basal epithelia during mammary morphogenesis. In the adult, this mesenchymal lineage primarily generates luminal progenitors within lobuloalveoli during sex hormone exposure or pregnancy. We identify cell migration as a key molecular event that is activated in mesenchymal progenitors in response to epithelium-derived chemoattractant. These findings demonstrate a stromal reservoir of epithelial progenitors and provide insight into cell origins and plasticity during mammary tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | | | - Katayoon Kasaian
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Olga Gulyaeva
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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8
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Shehata M, Waterhouse PD, Casey AE, Fang H, Hazelwood L, Khokha R. Proliferative heterogeneity of murine epithelial cells in the adult mammary gland. Commun Biol 2018; 1:111. [PMID: 30271991 PMCID: PMC6123670 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. The number of years menstruating and length of an individual menstrual cycle have been implicated in increased breast cancer risk. At present, the proliferative changes within an individual reproductive cycle or variations in the estrous cycle in the normal mammary gland are poorly understood. Here we use Fucci2 reporter mice to demonstrate actively proliferating mammary epithelial cells have shorter G1 lengths, whereas more differentiated/non-proliferating cells have extended G1 lengths. We find that cells enter into the cell cycle mainly during diestrus, yet the expansion is erratic and does not take place every reproductive cycle. Single cell expression analyses feature expected proliferation markers (Birc5, Top2a), while HR+ luminal cells exhibit fluctuations of key differentiation genes (ER, Gata3) during the cell cycle. We highlight the proliferative heterogeneity occurring within the normal mammary gland during a single-estrous cycle, indicating that the mammary gland undergoes continual dynamic proliferative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shehata
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7.
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
| | - Alison E Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
| | - Lee Hazelwood
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7.
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9
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Joshi PA, Waterhouse PD, Kannan N, Narala S, Fang H, Di Grappa MA, Jackson HW, Penninger JM, Eaves C, Khokha R. RANK Signaling Amplifies WNT-Responsive Mammary Progenitors through R-SPONDIN1. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:31-44. [PMID: 26095608 PMCID: PMC4618445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and local signals must be integrated by mammary stem and progenitor cells to regulate their cyclic growth and turnover in the adult gland. Here, we show RANK-positive luminal progenitors exhibiting WNT pathway activation are selectively expanded in the human breast during the progesterone-high menstrual phase. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we examined mouse models and found that loss of RANK prevents the proliferation of hormone receptor-negative luminal mammary progenitors and basal cells, an accompanying loss of WNT activation, and, hence, a suppression of lobuloalveologenesis. We also show that R-spondin1 is depleted in RANK-null progenitors, and that its exogenous administration rescues key aspects of RANK deficiency by reinstating a WNT response and mammary cell expansion. Our findings point to a novel role of RANK in dictating WNT responsiveness to mediate hormone-induced changes in the growth dynamics of adult mammary cells. Luminal progenitors are targets of progesterone in the adult human breast Progesterone-induced expansion of mammary epithelial subsets requires RANK RANK signaling targets WNT-responsive ER–PR– luminal progenitors and basal cells RANK controls RSPO1, which rescues defective progenitor expansion in Rank-null state
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Swami Narala
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Connie Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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10
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Shiah YJ, Tharmapalan P, Casey AE, Joshi PA, McKee TD, Jackson HW, Beristain AG, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Bader GD, Lydon JP, Waterhouse PD, Boutros PC, Khokha R. A Progesterone-CXCR4 Axis Controls Mammary Progenitor Cell Fate in the Adult Gland. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:313-322. [PMID: 28447939 PMCID: PMC4376056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone drives mammary stem and progenitor cell dynamics through paracrine mechanisms that are currently not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4, the receptor for stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXC12), is a crucial instructor of hormone-induced mammary stem and progenitor cell function. Progesterone elicits specific changes in the transcriptome of basal and luminal mammary epithelial populations, where CXCL12 and CXCR4 represent a putative ligand-receptor pair. In situ, CXCL12 localizes to progesterone-receptor-positive luminal cells, whereas CXCR4 is induced in both basal and luminal compartments in a progesterone-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signaling abrogates progesterone-directed expansion of basal (CD24+CD49fhi) and luminal (CD24+CD49flo) subsets. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in CD49b+SCA-1− luminal progenitors, their functional capacity, and lobuloalveologenesis. These findings uncover CXCL12 and CXCR4 as novel paracrine effectors of hormone signaling in the adult mammary gland, and present a new avenue for potentially targeting progenitor cell growth and malignant transformation in breast cancer. Progesterone induces distinct molecular programs in mammary cell compartments CXCR4 induction occurs in lobuloalveoli and is progesterone dependent CXCR4 inhibition abrogates luminal progenitor expansion and mammopoiesis Targeting of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis may limit mammary progenitor cell transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Alison E Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michelle A Chan-Seng-Yue
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Molyneux SD, Waterhouse PD, Shelton D, Shao YW, Watling CM, Tang QL, Harris IS, Dickson BC, Tharmapalan P, Sandve GK, Zhang X, Bailey SD, Berman H, Wunder JS, Izsvák Z, Lupien M, Mak TW, Khokha R. Human somatic cell mutagenesis creates genetically tractable sarcomas. Nat Genet 2014; 46:964-72. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Shimoda M, Principe S, Jackson HW, Luga V, Fang H, Molyneux SD, Shao YW, Aiken A, Waterhouse PD, Karamboulas C, Hess FM, Ohtsuka T, Okada Y, Ailles L, Ludwig A, Wrana JL, Kislinger T, Khokha R. Loss of the Timp gene family is sufficient for the acquisition of the CAF-like cell state. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:889-901. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Waterhouse PD, Anderson PJ, Brown DL. Increases in microtubule assembly and in tubulin content in mitogenically stimulated mouse splenic T lymphocytes. Exp Cell Res 1983; 144:367-76. [PMID: 6601582 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(83)90416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the changes in the microtubule and tubulin contents in populations of mouse splenic T lymphocytes stimulated by the mitogen concanavalin A. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with antiserum to tubulin indicated that a more extensive microtubule network was assembled from the centrosome in those cells which had increased in size in response to the mitogen. Direct counts of microtubules from electron micrographs of the centrosome regions of cells showed approximately a 2-fold increase in microtubule number in 48 h stimulated populations and up to a 5-fold increase in the large, fully stimulated, blast cells. Determinations of tubulin and actin contents were made by the measurement of peptides specific to those proteins. As a percentage of total cell protein both of these cytoskeletal proteins increased during the first 24 h of stimulation. Tubulin increased 50% by 24 h and remained high in populations stimulated for 48 h. The tubulin content per cell increased 2.5-fold, from 0.20 to 0.51 microgram/10(6) cells, in the 48 h stimulated population. An increase in tubulin content was also seen following the stimulation of nude mouse B lymphocyte populations and of total splenic lymphocyte populations. Our results show that during lymphocyte stimulation there is a large increase in the numbers of microtubules assembled which is correlated with, and appears dependent on, a similar large increase in the cellular tubulin content.
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