1
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Ciaccia PN, Liang Z, Schweitzer AY, Metzner E, Isaacs FJ. Enhanced eMAGE applied to identify genetic factors of nuclear hormone receptor dysfunction via combinatorial gene editing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5218. [PMID: 38890276 PMCID: PMC11189492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Technologies that generate precise combinatorial genome modifications are well suited to dissect the polygenic basis of complex phenotypes and engineer synthetic genomes. Genome modifications with engineered nucleases can lead to undesirable repair outcomes through imprecise homology-directed repair, requiring non-cleavable gene editing strategies. Eukaryotic multiplex genome engineering (eMAGE) generates precise combinatorial genome modifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without generating DNA breaks or using engineered nucleases. Here, we systematically optimize eMAGE to achieve 90% editing frequency, reduce workflow time, and extend editing distance to 20 kb. We further engineer an inducible dominant negative mismatch repair system, allowing for high-efficiency editing via eMAGE while suppressing the elevated background mutation rate 17-fold resulting from mismatch repair inactivation. We apply these advances to construct a library of cancer-associated mutations in the ligand-binding domains of human estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor to understand their impact on ligand-independent autoactivation. We validate that this yeast model captures autoactivation mutations characterized in human breast cancer models and further leads to the discovery of several previously uncharacterized autoactivating mutations. This work demonstrates the development and optimization of a cleavage-free method of genome editing well suited for applications requiring efficient multiplex editing with minimal background mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Ciaccia
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhuobin Liang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- ZL: Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Anabel Y Schweitzer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Eli Metzner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Farren J Isaacs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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2
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Manickasamy MK, Jayaprakash S, Girisa S, Kumar A, Lam HY, Okina E, Eng H, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Delineating the role of nuclear receptors in colorectal cancer, a focused review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38372868 PMCID: PMC10876515 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent form of cancer globally, causing a significant number of deaths, surpassing 0.9 million in the year 2020. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, CRC ranks third in incidence and second in mortality in both males and females. Despite extensive studies over the years, there is still a need to establish novel therapeutic targets to enhance the patients' survival rate in CRC. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) that regulate numerous essential biological processes such as differentiation, development, physiology, reproduction, and cellular metabolism. Dysregulation and anomalous expression of different NRs has led to multiple alterations, such as impaired signaling cascades, mutations, and epigenetic changes, leading to various diseases, including cancer. It has been observed that differential expression of various NRs might lead to the initiation and progression of CRC, and are correlated with poor survival outcomes in CRC patients. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism and role of NRs in this cancer, it remains of significant scientific interest primarily due to the diverse functions that various NRs exhibit in regulating key hallmarks of this cancer. Thus, modulating the expression of NRs with their agonists and antagonists, based on their expression levels, holds an immense prospect in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutical modalities of CRC. In this review, we primarily focus on the role and mechanism of NRs in the pathogenesis of CRC and emphasized the significance of targeting these NRs using a variety of agents, which may represent a novel and effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Hiu Yan Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Harvey BJ, Harvey HM. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2225. [PMID: 38137047 PMCID: PMC10742859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of oestrogen signalling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear oestrogen signalling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of oestrogen in CRC through various genomic and nongenomic signalling pathways involving membrane and nuclear oestrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between oestrogen receptors and other signalling pathways, in particular the Wnt/β-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and oestrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting oestrogen signalling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry M. Harvey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada;
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Nishimagi A, Kobayashi M, Sugimoto K, Kofunato Y, Sato N, Haga J, Ishigame T, Kimura T, Kenjo A, Kobayashi Y, Hashimoto Y, Marubashi S, Chiba H. Aberrant phosphorylation of human LRH1 at serine 510 is predictable of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4985-4995. [PMID: 37285077 PMCID: PMC10725388 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the AKT-phosphorylation sites in nuclear receptors and showed that phosphorylation of S379 in mouse retinoic acid γ and S518 in human estrogen receptor α regulate their activity independently of the ligands. Since this site is conserved at S510 in human liver receptor homolog 1 (hLRH1), we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognized the phosphorylation form of hLRH1S510 (hLRH1pS510) and verified its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We generated the anti-hLRH1pS510 mAb and assessed its selectivity. We then evaluated the hLRH1pS510 signals in 157 cases of HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry because LRH1 contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse cancers. The developed mAb specifically recognized hLRH1pS510 and worked for immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. hLRH1pS510 was exclusively localized in the nucleus of HCC cells, but the signal intensity and positive rates varied among the subjects. According to the semi-quantification, 45 cases (34.9%) showed hLRH1pS510-high, and the remaining 112 cases (65.1%) exhibited hLRH1pS510-low. There were significant differences in the recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the two groups, and the 5-year RFS rates in the hLRH1pS510-high and hLRH1pS510-low groups were 26.5% and 46.1%, respectively. In addition, high hLRH1pS510 was significantly correlated with portal vein invasion, hepatic vein invasion, and high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that hLRH1pS510-high was an independent biomarker for HCC recurrence. We conclude that aberrant phosphorylation of hLRH1S510 is a predictor of poor prognosis for HCC. The anti-hLRH1pS510 mAb could provide a powerful tool to validate the relevance of hLRH1pS510 in pathological processes such as tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nishimagi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Yasuhide Kofunato
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoya Sato
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junichiro Haga
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Teruhide Ishigame
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akira Kenjo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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5
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Xie B, Yin Z, Hu Z, Lv J, Du C, Deng X, Huang Y, Li Q, Huang J, Liang K, Zhou HB, Dong C. Discovery of a Novel Class of PROTACs as Potent and Selective Estrogen Receptor α Degraders to Overcome Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6631-6651. [PMID: 37161783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a well-established target for endocrine therapies of ER-positive breast cancer (ER+ BC), but endocrine resistance limits the efficacy of clinical drugs. Using proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to degrade ERα may be an effective alternative to endocrine therapies. Herein, we disclose a novel series of potent and selective ERα PROTACs based on an oxabicycloheptane sulfonamide (OBHSA) scaffold, with no associated ERβ degradation. These PROTACs showed significant antiproliferation and ERα degradation activities against a broad spectrum of ER+ BC cells including tamoxifen-resistant and ERα mutant cell lines. Genomics analysis confirmed that these PROTACs inhibited the nascent RNA synthesis of ERα target genes and impaired genome-wide ERα binding. Compound ZD12 exhibited excellent antitumor potency and ERα degradation activity in both tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant BC mice models, which are superior to fulvestrant. This study demonstrates the potential of these PROTACs as novel drug candidates for endocrine-resistant BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhinang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junhui Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanqian Du
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuzi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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6
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Chen G, Li X, Ji C, Liu P, Zhou L, Xu D, Wang D, Li J, Yu J. Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating ARID1A in luminal A breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973731. [PMID: 36329699 PMCID: PMC9623091 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells (eMDSCs) are a newly characterized subclass of MDSCs, which exhibit more potent immunosuppressive capacity than classical MDSCs. Previously, we found high eMDSCs infiltration was correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer, though the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we constructed a 21-gene signature to evaluate the status of eMDSCs infiltration within breast cancer tissues and found that highly infiltrated eMDSCs affected the prognosis of breast cancer patients, especially in luminal A subtype. We also found that eMDSCs promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerated cell migration and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, eMDSCs significantly downregulated ARID1A expression in luminal A breast cancer, which was closely associated with EMT and was an important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Moreover, significant changes of EMT-related genes were detected in luminal A breast cancer cells after co-cultured with eMDSCs or ARID1A knock-down and overexpression of ARID1A significantly reversed this procedure. These results implied that eMDSCs might suppress the ARID1A expression to promote EMT in luminal A breast cancer cells, which might provide a new light on developing novel treatment regimens for relapsed luminal A breast cancer after conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Chen
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyan Ji
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dechen Xu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jinpu Yu, ; Jie Li,
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jinpu Yu, ; Jie Li,
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Musheyev D, Alayev A. Endocrine therapy resistance: what we know and future directions. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:480-496. [PMID: 36071983 PMCID: PMC9446423 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. When abnormally regulated, molecular signals responsible for cellular proliferation, as well as ER itself, allow for cellular evasion of ER-dependent treatments. Therefore, pharmacological treatments that target these evasion mechanisms are beneficial for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancers. This review summarizes currently understood molecular signals that contribute to endocrine resistance and their crosstalk that stem from mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and aberrant ER function. Recent clinical trials that target these molecular signals as a treatment strategy for endocrine-resistant breast cancer are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Alayev Lab, Stern College for Women, Biology Department, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10174, USA
| | - Anya Alayev
- Alayev Lab, Stern College for Women, Biology Department, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10174, USA
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8
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Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050624. [PMID: 35631448 PMCID: PMC9145966 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, is the major cause of fatalities worldwide for both men and women, with an estimated 2.2 million new incidences and 1.8 million deaths, according to GLOBOCAN 2020. Although various risk factors for lung cancer pathogenesis have been reported, controlling smoking alone has a significant value as a preventive measure. In spite of decades of extensive research, mechanistic cues and targets need to be profoundly explored to develop potential diagnostics, treatments, and reliable therapies for this disease. Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as transcription factors that control diverse biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism. The aberrant expression of NRs has been involved in a variety of disorders, including cancer. Deregulation of distinct NRs in lung cancer has been associated with numerous events, including mutations, epigenetic modifications, and different signaling cascades. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several small molecules as agonists or antagonists directed to target specific NRs for inhibiting tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion and inducing apoptosis in lung cancer, which makes NRs promising candidates for reliable lung cancer therapeutics. The current work focuses on the importance of various NRs in the development and progression of lung cancer and highlights the different small molecules (e.g., agonist or antagonist) that influence NR expression, with the goal of establishing them as viable therapeutics to combat lung cancer.
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9
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Holý P, Hlaváč V, Ostašov P, Brynychová V, Koževnikovová R, Trnková M, Kopečková K, Měšťáková S, Mrhalová M, Souček P. Germline and somatic genetic variability of oxysterol-related genes in breast cancer patients with early disease of the luminal subtype. Biochimie 2022; 199:158-169. [PMID: 35525372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols, oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, have been implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer. In breast cancer, the link is especially strong due to interactions between oxysterols and estrogen receptor activity. Here, we provide the first dedicated study of 113 oxysterol-related genes in breast cancer patients of the luminal subtype, in terms of both their somatic and germline variability, using targeted high-throughput DNA sequencing of 100 normal-tumor pairs with very high coverage. In the full cohort, or subsets of patients stratified by therapy, we found 12 germline variants in ABCA1, ABCA8, ABCC1, GPR183, LDLR, MBTPS1, NR1I2, OSBPL2, OSBPL3, and OSBPL5 to associate with poor survival of patients and variants in ABCA8, ABCG2, and HSD3B7 (three in total) associated with better survival. However, no associations remained significant after correction for multiple tests. Analysis of somatic variants revealed significantly (after FDR correction) poorer survival in patients mutated in CYP46A1 and 9 interacting (according to STRING analysis) genes, as well as in OSBPL3 and a set of 20 genes that collectively associated with the progesterone receptor status of patients. We propose further exploration of these genes in an integrative manner together with gene expression and epigenomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Holý
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Hlaváč
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ostašov
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brynychová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Měšťáková
- Department of Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Mrhalová
- Department of Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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10
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Gangwar SK, Kumar A, Jose S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Nuclear receptors in oral cancer-emerging players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Cao H, Sun Y, Wang L, Pan Y, Li Z, Liang Y. In silico identification of novel inhibitors targeting the DNA-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor alpha. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105966. [PMID: 34416373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is an important regulator in breast cancer development and progression. The frequent ERα mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) can increase the resistance of antiestrogen drugs, highlighting the need to develop new drugs to target ERα-positive breast cancer. In this study, we combined molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations to develop a structure-based virtual screening workflow to identify hit compounds capable of interfering with the recognition of ERα by the specific response element of DNA. A druggable pocket on the DNA binding domain (DBD) of ERα was identified as the potential binding site. The hits binding modes were further analyzed to reveal the structural characteristics of the DBD-inhibitor complexes. The core structure of the lead molecules was synthesized and was found to inhibit the E2-induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 cell lines. These findings provide an insight into the structural basis of ligand-ERα for alternate sites beyond the LBD-based pocket. The core structure proposed in this study could potentially be used as the lead molecule for further rational optimization of the antiestrogen drug structure with stronger binding of DBD and higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhunjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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12
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Disch JS, Duffy JM, Lee ECY, Gikunju D, Chan B, Levin B, Monteiro MI, Talcott SA, Lau AC, Zhou F, Kozhushnyan A, Westlund NE, Mullins PB, Yu Y, von Rechenberg M, Zhang J, Arnautova YA, Liu Y, Zhang Y, McRiner AJ, Keefe AD, Kohlmann A, Clark MA, Cuozzo JW, Huguet C, Arora S. Bispecific Estrogen Receptor α Degraders Incorporating Novel Binders Identified Using DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Screening. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5049-5066. [PMID: 33844532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific degraders (PROTACs) of ERα are expected to be advantageous over current inhibitors of ERα signaling (aromatase inhibitors/SERMs/SERDs) used to treat ER+ breast cancer. Information from DNA-encoded chemical library (DECL) screening provides a method to identify novel PROTAC binding features as the linker positioning, and binding elements are determined directly from the screen. After screening ∼120 billion DNA-encoded molecules with ERα WT and 3 gain-of-function (GOF) mutants, with and without estradiol to identify features that enrich ERα competitively, the off-DNA synthesized small molecule exemplar 7 exhibited nanomolar ERα binding, antagonism, and degradation. Click chemistry synthesis on an alkyne E3 ligase engagers panel and an azide variant of 7 rapidly generated bispecific nanomolar degraders of ERα, with PROTACs 18 and 21 inhibiting ER+ MCF7 tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. This study validates this approach toward identifying novel bispecific degrader leads from DECL screening with minimal optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Disch
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Jennifer M Duffy
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Esther C Y Lee
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Diana Gikunju
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Betty Chan
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Benjamin Levin
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Michael I Monteiro
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Sarah A Talcott
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Anthony C Lau
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Fei Zhou
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Anton Kozhushnyan
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Neil E Westlund
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Patrick B Mullins
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Yan Yu
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - Junyi Zhang
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Yelena A Arnautova
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Yanbin Liu
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Andrew J McRiner
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Anthony D Keefe
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Anna Kohlmann
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew A Clark
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - John W Cuozzo
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Christelle Huguet
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Shilpi Arora
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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13
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Barua D, Abbasi B, Gupta A, Gupta S. XBP1 increases transactivation of somatic mutants of ESR1 and loss of XBP1 reverses endocrine resistance conferred by gain-of-function Y537S ESR1 mutation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05217. [PMID: 33088967 PMCID: PMC7557884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) is an emerging mechanism of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in hormonal breast cancers. Hotspot point mutations in the ligand- binding domain of estrogen receptor α (ER) and genomic rearrangements producing ESR1 fusion genes are the two major types of mutations that are associated with endocrine resistance. The crosstalk between X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key transcription factor of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER signalling creates a positive feedback loop that results in increased expression of XBP1 in ER-positive breast cancer. Here we report that XBP1 co-operated with point mutants (Y537S, D538G) and fusion mutants (ESR1-YAP1, ESR1-DAB2) of ESR1 to increase their transcriptional activity. XBP1 was required for optimal expression of estrogen-regulated genes, and up to 40% of XBP1-dependent genes were estrogen-responsive genes. Knockdown of XBP1 in genome-edited MCF7 cells expressing Y537S mutant reduced their growth, re-sensitized them to anti-estrogens and attenuated the constitutive and estrogen-stimulated expression of estrogen-regulated genes. Our study provides a rationale for overcoming endocrine resistance in breast cancers expressing ESR1 mutation by combining the XBP1 targeting agents with anti-estrogen agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Benazir Abbasi
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Fergany AAM, Tatarskiy VV. RNA Splicing: Basic Aspects Underlie Antitumor Targeting. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:293-305. [PMID: 32900350 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200908122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA splicing, a fundamental step in gene expression, is aimed at intron removal and ordering of exons to form the protein's reading frame. OBJECTIVE This review is focused on the role of RNA splicing in cancer biology; the splicing abnormalities that lead to tumor progression emerge as targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS We discuss the role of aberrant mRNA splicing in carcinogenesis and drug response. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Pharmacological modulation of RNA splicing sets the stage for treatment approaches in situations where mRNA splicing is a clinically meaningful mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahraa A M Fergany
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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Estradiol Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091930. [PMID: 32825553 PMCID: PMC7564468 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and malignant brain tumor, is associated with the worst prognosis. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell plasticity mechanism involved in GBM malignancy. In this study, we determined 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced EMT by changes in cell morphology, expression of EMT markers, and cell migration and invasion assays in human GBM-derived cell lines. E2 (10 nM) modified the shape and size of GBM cells due to a reorganization of actin filaments. We evaluated EMT markers expression by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence.We found that E2 upregulated the expression of the mesenchymal markers, vimentin, and N-cadherin. Scratch and transwell assays showed that E2 increased migration and invasion of GBM cells. The estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)-selective agonist 4,4’,4’’-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT, 10 nM) affected similarly to E2 in terms of the expression of EMT markers and cell migration, and the treatment with the ER-α antagonist methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (MPP, 1 μM) blocked E2 and PPT effects. ER-β-selective agonist diarylpropionitrile (DNP, 10 nM) and antagonist 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol (PHTPP, 1 μM) showed no effects on EMT marker expression. These data suggest that E2 induces EMT activation through ER-α in human GBM-derived cells.
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16
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Bafna D, Ban F, Rennie PS, Singh K, Cherkasov A. Computer-Aided Ligand Discovery for Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4193. [PMID: 32545494 PMCID: PMC7352601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most predominantly diagnosed cancers in women. Notably, 70% of BCa diagnoses are Estrogen Receptor α positive (ERα+) making it a critical therapeutic target. With that, the two subtypes of ER, ERα and ERβ, have contrasting effects on BCa cells. While ERα promotes cancerous activities, ERβ isoform exhibits inhibitory effects on the same. ER-directed small molecule drug discovery for BCa has provided the FDA approved drugs tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene and fulvestrant that all bind to the estrogen binding site of the receptor. These ER-directed inhibitors are non-selective in nature and may eventually induce resistance in BCa cells as well as increase the risk of endometrial cancer development. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs with alternative ERα targeting mechanisms that can overcome the limitations of conventional anti-ERα therapies. Several functional sites on ERα, such as Activation Function-2 (AF2), DNA binding domain (DBD), and F-domain, have been recently considered as potential targets in the context of drug research and discovery. In this review, we summarize methods of computer-aided drug design (CADD) that have been employed to analyze and explore potential targetable sites on ERα, discuss recent advancement of ERα inhibitor development, and highlight the potential opportunities and challenges of future ERα-directed drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (D.B.); (F.B.); (P.S.R.); (K.S.)
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17
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Gooding AJ, Schiemann WP. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Programs and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes: Mediators of Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1257-1270. [PMID: 32503922 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs play essential functions in normal morphogenesis and organogenesis, including that occurring during mammary gland development and glandular regeneration. Historically, EMT programs were believed to reflect a loss of epithelial gene expression signatures and morphologies that give way to those associated with mesenchymal cells and their enhanced migratory and invasive behaviors. However, accumulating evidence now paints EMT programs as representing a spectrum of phenotypic behaviors that also serve to enhance cell survival, immune tolerance, and perhaps even metastatic dormancy. Equally important, the activation of EMT programs in transformed mammary epithelial cells not only enhances their acquisition of invasive and metastatic behaviors, but also expands their generation of chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Importantly, the net effect of these events results in the appearance of recurrent metastatic lesions that remain refractory to the armamentarium of chemotherapies and targeted therapeutic agents deployed against advanced stage breast cancers. Here we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of EMT programs in human breast cancers and how these events impact their "stemness" and acquisition of chemoresistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Gooding
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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18
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Barua D, Gupta A, Gupta S. Targeting the IRE1-XBP1 axis to overcome endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:29-37. [PMID: 32446861 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, which encodes estrogen receptor-alpha) is a key driver gene for the initiation and progression of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) is expressed in up to 70% of cases, and patients are routinely treated with endocrine therapies. However, the development of resistance over time is common and occurs in one-third of ER-positive breast tumors, leading to disease progression and death. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER signaling pathway, generates a positive feedback regulatory loop that leads to increased expression of XBP1 and ER in luminal breast cancer. In this review, we highlight new insights into the mechanisms of crosstalk between XBP1 and ER signaling and its clinical implications. Next, we describe the key signaling nodes that play an important role in XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Further, we discuss XBP1 gene mutations in breast cancer and the role of these mutations in the emergence of endocrine resistance and response to treatment. Finally, we discuss the current state and future directions for targeting XBP1 in combination with standard endocrine therapy to improve clinical outcomes in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, including blood vessels,
immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, cytokines, hormones, and so on.
The TME differs from the normal tissue environment (NTE) in many aspects, such
as tissue architecture, chronic inflammation, level of oxygen and pH,
nutritional state of the cells, as well as tissue firmness. The NTE can inhibit
the growth of cancer at the early tumorigenesis phase, whereas the TME promotes
the growth of cancer in general, although it may have some anticancer effects.
In particular, the TME plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of
cancer stem cells, which lie at the root of cancer growth. Therefore,
normalization of the TME to the NTE may inhibit cancer growth or improve cancer
therapeutic efficiency. This review focuses on the recent emerging approaches
for this normalization and the action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- 1 Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- 2 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Wu JR, Zhao Y, Zhou XP, Qin X. Estrogen receptor 1 and progesterone receptor are distinct biomarkers and prognostic factors in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: Evidence from a bioinformatic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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21
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A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on DNA Y-Junction for detection of estrogen receptor using target protein protection strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1086:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Ohta K, Ogawa T, Kato K, Oda A, Endo Y. ER subtype selectivity of m-carborane-containing phenols: C-alkyl groups on the m-carborane cage enhance ERα selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2290-2293. [PMID: 31248773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) exhibits two subtypes, ERα and ERβ, whose biological functions are quite different despite expression in the same tissues. We developed diiodo-m-carborane derivative 3a, which showed 14-fold selectivity for ERβ with high binding affinity toward ERβ. Interestingly, introduction of an alkyl group into the carbon atom of the m-carborane cage of 3a markedly enhanced the binding affinity toward ERα and decreased affinity toward ERβ. C-n-propyl derivative 3d showed 28-fold selectivity for ERα in an ER binding assay and promoted proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Docking simulation studies suggest that the directions of the n-propyl group and the diiodo substituent introduced on the m-carborane cage play important roles for the control of ER subtype selectivity. As 3a and 3d showed ERβ and ERα selectivity with high binding affinity, respectively, these ligands may be useful as biological tools to aid in understanding the different roles of ER subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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23
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Salvador F, Llorente A, Gomis RR. From latency to overt bone metastasis in breast cancer: potential for treatment and prevention. J Pathol 2019; 249:6-18. [PMID: 31095738 PMCID: PMC6771808 DOI: 10.1002/path.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is present in a high percentage of breast cancer (BCa) patients with distant disease, especially in those with the estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) subtype. Most cells that escape primary tumors are unable to establish metastatic lesions, which suggests that target organ microenvironments are hostile for tumor cells. This implies that BCa cells must achieve a process of speciation to adapt to the new conditions imposed in the new organ. Bone has unique characteristics that can be exploited by cancer cells: it undergoes constant remodeling and comprises diverse environments (including osteogenic, perivascular, and hematopoietic stem cell niches). This allows colonizing cells to take advantage of numerous adhesion molecules, matrix proteins, and soluble factors that facilitate homing, survival, and, eventually, metastatic outgrowth. However, in most cases, metastatic lesions enter into a latency state that can last months, years, or even decades, before forming a clinically detectable macrometastasis. This dormant state challenges the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy. Detecting which tumors are more prone to metastasize to bone and developing new specific therapies that target bone metastasis represent urgent clinical needs. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of BCa bone metastasis and provide the latest options of treatments and predictive markers that are currently in clinical use or are being tested in clinical assays. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salvador
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Santen RJ, Simpson E. History of Estrogen: Its Purification, Structure, Synthesis, Biologic Actions, and Clinical Implications. Endocrinology 2019; 160:605-625. [PMID: 30566601 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes key points from the Clark Sawin Memorial Lecture on the History of Estrogen delivered at Endo 2018 and focuses on the rationales and motivation leading to various discoveries and their clinical applications. During the classical period of antiquity, incisive clinical observations uncovered important findings; however, extensive anatomical dissections to solidify proof were generally lacking. Initiation of the experimental approach followed later, influenced by Claude Bernard's treatise "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine." With this approach, investigators began to explore the function of the ovaries and their "internal secretions" and, after intensive investigations for several years, purified various estrogens. Clinical therapies for hot flashes, osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea were quickly developed and, later, methods of hormonal contraception. Sophisticated biochemical methods revealed the mechanisms of estrogen synthesis through the enzyme aromatase and, after discovery of the estrogen receptors, their specific biologic actions. Molecular techniques facilitated understanding of the specific transcriptional and translational events requiring estrogen. This body of knowledge led to methods to prevent and treat hormone-dependent neoplasms as well as a variety of other estrogen-related conditions. More recently, the role of estrogen in men was uncovered by prismatic examples of estrogen deficiency in male patients and by knockout of the estrogen receptor and aromatase in animals. As studies became more extensive, the effects of estrogen on nearly every organ were described. We conclude that the history of estrogen illustrates the role of intellectual reasoning, motivation, and serendipity in advancing knowledge about this important sex steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Santen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Evan Simpson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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25
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Salmerón-Hernández Á, Noriega-Reyes MY, Jordan A, Baranda-Avila N, Langley E. BCAS2 Enhances Carcinogenic Effects of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040966. [PMID: 30813351 PMCID: PMC6412365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has an established role in breast cancer biology. Transcriptional activation by ERα is a multistep process modulated by coactivator and corepressor proteins. Breast Cancer Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2), is a poorly studied ERα coactivator. In this work, we characterize some of the mechanisms through which this protein increases ERα activity and how this promotes carcinogenic processes in breast cancer cells. Using protein-protein interaction and luciferase assays we show that BCAS2 interacts with ERα both in vitro and in vivo and upregulates transcriptional activation of ERα directly through its N-terminal region (AF-1) and indirectly through its C-terminal (AF-2) region, acting in concert with AF-2 interacting coactivators. Elevated expression of BCAS2 positively affects proliferation, clonogenicity and migration of breast cancer cells and directly activates ERα regulated genes which have been shown to play a role in tumor growth and progression. Finally, we used signal transduction pathway inhibitors to elucidate how BCAS2 is regulated in these cells and observed that BCAS2 is preferentially regulated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BCAS2 is an AF-1 coactivator of ERα whose overexpression promotes carcinogenic processes, suggesting an important role in the development of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Salmerón-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Yamilet Noriega-Reyes
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Albert Jordan
- Institut de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Cataluña, Spain.
| | - Noemi Baranda-Avila
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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26
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Wang BD, Lee NH. Aberrant RNA Splicing in Cancer and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E458. [PMID: 30463359 PMCID: PMC6266310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 95% of the 20,000 to 25,000 transcribed human genes undergo alternative RNA splicing, which increases the diversity of the proteome. Isoforms derived from the same gene can have distinct and, in some cases, opposing functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant RNA splicing is a common and driving event in cancer development and progression. Moreover, aberrant splicing events conferring drug/therapy resistance in cancer is far more common than previously envisioned. In this review, aberrant splicing events in cancer-associated genes, namely BCL2L1, FAS, HRAS, CD44, Cyclin D1, CASP2, TMPRSS2-ERG, FGFR2, VEGF, AR and KLF6, will be discussed. Also highlighted are the functional consequences of aberrant splice variants (BCR-Abl35INS, BIM-γ, IK6, p61 BRAF V600E, CD19-∆2, AR-V7 and PIK3CD-S) in promoting resistance to cancer targeted therapy or immunotherapy. To overcome drug resistance, we discuss opportunities for developing novel strategies to specifically target the aberrant splice variants or splicing machinery that generates the splice variants. Therapeutic approaches include the development of splice variant-specific siRNAs, splice switching antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors targeting splicing factors, splicing factor kinases or the aberrant oncogenic protein isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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27
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Estrogen-dependent DLL1-mediated Notch signaling promotes luminal breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:2092-2107. [PMID: 30442981 PMCID: PMC6756232 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling is implicated in several cancers, including breast cancer. However, the mechanistic details of the specific receptors and function of ligand-mediated Notch signaling that promote breast cancer remains elusive. In our studies we show that DLL1, a Notch signaling ligand, is significantly overexpressed in ERα+ luminal breast cancer. Intriguingly, DLL1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in ERα+ luminal breast cancer, but not in other subtypes of breast cancer. In addition, this effect is specific to DLL1, as other Notch ligands (DLL3, JAGGED1, and JAGGED2) do not influence the clinical outcome of ERα+ patients. Genetic studies show that DLL1-mediated Notch signaling in breast cancer is important for tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cancer stem cell function. Consistent with prognostic clinical data, we found the tumor-promoting function of DLL1 is exclusive to ERα+ luminal breast cancer, as loss of DLL1 inhibits both tumor growth and lung metastasis of luminal breast cancer. Importantly, we find that estrogen signaling stabilizes DLL1 protein by preventing its proteasomal and lysososmal degradations. Moreover, estrogen inhibits ubiquitination of DLL1. Together, our results highlight an unexpected and novel subtype-specific function of DLL1 in promoting luminal breast cancer that is regulated by estrogen signaling. Our studies also emphasize the critical role of assessing subtype-specific mechanisms driving tumor growth and metastasis to generate effective subtype-specific therapeutics.
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28
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Exploring Protein⁻Protein Interaction in the Study of Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103173. [PMID: 30326622 PMCID: PMC6213999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors promote target gene transcription when they form a dimer, in which two identical (homodimer) or different (heterodimer) proteins are bound to each other. In hormone-dependent cancers, hormone receptor dimerization plays pivotal roles, not only in the pathogenesis or development of the tumors, but also in the development of therapeutic resistance. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs), including dimerization and complex formation, have been also well-known to be required for proteins to exert their functions. The methods which could detect PPIs are genetic engineering (i.e., resonance energy transfer) and/or antibody technology (i.e., co-immunoprecipitation) using cultured cells. In addition, visualization of the target proteins in tissues can be performed using antigen–antibody reactions, as in immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, development of microscopic techniques (i.e., electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy) has made it possible to visualize intracellular and/or intranuclear organelles. We have recently reported the visualization of estrogen receptor dimers in breast cancer tissues by using the in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). PLA was developed along the lines of antibody technology development, and this assay has made it possible to visualize PPIs in archival tissue specimens. Localization of PPI in organelles has also become possible using super-resolution microscopes exceeding the resolution limit of conventional microscopes. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the methodologies used for studying PPIs in both cells and tissues, and review the recently reported studies on PPIs of hormones.
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Samson J, Cronin S, Dean K. BC200 (BCYRN1) - The shortest, long, non-coding RNA associated with cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:131-143. [PMID: 30175286 PMCID: PMC6114260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the discovery that the level of RNA synthesis in human cells far exceeds what is required to express protein-coding genes, there has been a concerted scientific effort to identify, catalogue and uncover the biological functions of the non-coding transcriptome. Long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse group of RNAs with equally wide-ranging biological roles in the cell. An increasing number of studies have reported alterations in the expression of lncRNAs in various cancers, although unravelling how they contribute specifically to the disease is a bigger challenge. Originally described as a brain-specific, non-coding RNA, BC200 (BCYRN1) is a 200-nucleotide, predominantly cytoplasmic lncRNA that has been linked to neurodegenerative disease and several types of cancer. Here we summarise what is known about BC200, primarily from studies in neuronal systems, before turning to a review of recent work that aims to understand how this lncRNA contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis, along with its possible clinical utility as a biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Dean
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Polyubiquitination inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha and its implications in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:60-70. [PMID: 30148069 PMCID: PMC6107474 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is detected in more than 70% of the cases of breast cancer. Nuclear activity of ERα, a transcriptional regulator, is linked to the development of mammary tumors, whereas the extranuclear activity of ERα is related to endocrine therapy resistance. ERα polyubiquitination is induced by the estradiol hormone, and also by selective estrogen receptor degraders, resulting in ERα degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Moreover, polyubiquitination is related to the ERα transcription cycle, and some E3-ubiquitin ligases also function as coactivators for ERα. Several studies have demonstrated that ERα polyubiquitination is inhibited by multiple mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications, interactions with coregulators, and formation of specific protein complexes with ERα. These events are responsible for an increase in ERα protein levels and deregulation of its signaling in breast cancers. Thus, ERα polyubiquitination inhibition may be a key factor in the progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama (PICM), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
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32
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Zhang T, Zhong S, Wang Y, Dong S, Guan T, Hou L, Xing X, Zhang J, Li T. In vitro and in silico perspectives on estrogenicity of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Food Chem 2018; 270:281-286. [PMID: 30174047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the structure-activity relationship for binding and activation of human estrogen receptor α ligand binding domain (hERα-LBD) with tanshinones by a combination of in vitro and in silico approaches. The recombinant hERα-LBD was expressed in E. coli strain. The direct binding interactions of tanshinones with hERα-LBD and their ERα agonistic potency were investigated by fluorescence polarization (FP) and reporter gene assays, respectively. FP assay suggested that the tested tanshinones can bind to hERα-LBD as affinity ligands. Tanshinones acted as agonists of hERα as demonstrated by transactivation of estrogen response element (ERE) in transiently transfected MCF-7 cells and by molecular docking of these compounds into the hydrophobic binding pocket of hERα-LBD. Interestingly, comparison of the calculated binding energies versus Connolly solvent-excluded volume and experimental binding affinities showed a good correlation. This work may provide insight into chemical and pharmacological characterization of novel bioactive compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuning Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shuyue Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianzhu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ligang Hou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - XiaoJia Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Tiezhu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Abstract
Resistance to steroid hormones presents a serious problem with respect to their mass use in therapy. It may be caused genetically by mutation of genes involved in hormonal signaling, not only steroid receptors, but also other players in the signaling cascade as co-regulators and other nuclear factors, mediating the hormone-born signal. Another possibility is acquired resistance which may develop under long-term steroid treatment, of which a particular case is down regulation of the receptors. In the review recent knowledge is summarized on the mechanism of main steroid hormone action, pointing to already proven or potential sites causing steroid resistance. We have attempted to address following questions: 1) What does stay behind differences among patients as to their response to the (anti)steroid treatment? 2) Why do various tissues/cells respond differently to the same steroid hormone though they contain the same receptors? 3) Are such differences genetically dependent? The main attention was devoted to glucocorticoids as the most frequently used steroid therapeutics. Further, androgen insensitivity is discussed with a particular attention to acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer. Finally the potential causes are outlined of breast and related cancer(s) resistance to antiestrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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34
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Katzenellenbogen JA, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen BS, Greene GL, Chandarlapaty S. Structural underpinnings of oestrogen receptor mutations in endocrine therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:377-388. [PMID: 29662238 PMCID: PMC6252060 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), a key driver of breast cancer, normally requires oestrogen for activation. Mutations that constitutively activate ERα without the need for hormone binding are frequently found in endocrine-therapy-resistant breast cancer metastases and are associated with poor patient outcomes. The location of these mutations in the ER ligand-binding domain and their impact on receptor conformation suggest that they subvert distinct mechanisms that normally maintain the low basal state of wild-type ERα in the absence of hormone. Such mutations provide opportunities to probe fundamental issues underlying ligand-mediated control of ERα activity. Instructive contrasts between these ERα mutations and those that arise in the androgen receptor (AR) during anti-androgen treatment of prostate cancer highlight differences in how activation functions in ERs and AR control receptor activity, how hormonal pressures (deprivation versus antagonism) drive the selection of phenotypically different mutants, how altered protein conformations can reduce antagonist potency and how altered ligand-receptor contacts can invert the response that a receptor has to an agonist ligand versus an antagonist ligand. A deeper understanding of how ligand regulation of receptor conformation is linked to receptor function offers a conceptual framework for developing new anti-oestrogens that might be more effective in preventing and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Horibata S, Rice EJ, Zheng H, Mukai C, Chu T, Marks BA, Coonrod SA, Danko CG. A bi-stable feedback loop between GDNF, EGR1, and ERα contribute to endocrine resistant breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194522. [PMID: 29614078 PMCID: PMC5882141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering regulatory interactions between genes that specify the behavioral properties of cells remains an important challenge. We used the dynamics of transcriptional changes resolved by PRO-seq to identify a regulatory network responsible for endocrine resistance in breast cancer. We show that GDNF leads to endocrine resistance by switching the active state in a bi-stable feedback loop between GDNF, EGR1, and the master transcription factor ERα. GDNF stimulates MAP kinase, activating the transcription factors SRF and AP-1. SRF initiates an immediate transcriptional response, activating EGR1 and suppressing ERα. Newly translated EGR1 protein activates endogenous GDNF, leading to constitutive GDNF and EGR1 up-regulation, and the sustained down-regulation of ERα. Endocrine resistant MCF-7 cells are constitutively in the GDNF-high/ ERα-low state, suggesting that the state in the bi-stable feedback loop may provide a 'memory' of endocrine resistance. Thus, we identified a regulatory network switch that contributes to drug resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Horibata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Hui Zheng
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Tinyi Chu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Graduate Field of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Marks
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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36
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Rizzolo P, Navazio AS, Silvestri V, Valentini V, Zelli V, Zanna I, Masala G, Bianchi S, Scarnò M, Tommasi S, Palli D, Ottini L. Somatic alterations of targetable oncogenes are frequently observed in BRCA1/2 mutation negative male breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74097-74106. [PMID: 27765917 PMCID: PMC5342038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to its rarity, MBC research and clinical approach are mostly based upon data derived from its largely known female counterpart. We aimed at investigating whether MBC cases harbor somatic alterations of genes known as prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets in female breast cancer. We examined 103 MBC cases, all characterized for germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations, for somatic alterations in PIK3CA, EGFR, ESR1 and CCND1 genes. Pathogenic mutations of PIK3CA were detected in 2% of MBCs. No pathogenic mutations were identified in ESR1 and EGFR. Gene copy number variations (CNVs) analysis showed amplification of PIK3CA in 8.1%, EGFR in 6.8% and CCND1 in 16% of MBCs, whereas deletion of ESR1 was detected in 15% of MBCs. Somatic mutations and gene amplification were found only in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs. Significant associations emerged between EGFR amplification and large tumor size (T4), ER-negative and HER2-positive status, between CCND1 amplification and HER2-positive and MIB1-positive status, and between ESR1 deletion and ER-negative status. Our results show that amplification of targetable oncogenes is frequent in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs and may identify MBC subsets characterized by aggressive phenotype that may benefit from potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Sara Navazio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Scarnò
- CINECA (Inter University Consortium for Super Computing), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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37
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Dhiman VK, Bolt MJ, White KP. Nuclear receptors in cancer — uncovering new and evolving roles through genomic analysis. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 19:160-174. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Gkikas D, Tsampoula M, Politis PK. Nuclear receptors in neural stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4097-4120. [PMID: 28638936 PMCID: PMC11107725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) generate the enormous variety and huge numbers of neuronal and glial cells that provide structural and functional support in the brain and spinal cord. Over the last decades, nuclear receptors and their natural ligands have emerged as critical regulators of NSC homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms of nuclear receptors action in proliferative and differentiation capacities of NSCs. Aberrant expression or function of nuclear receptors in NSCs also contributes to the pathogenesis of various nervous system diseases. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of steroid, non-steroid, and orphan nuclear receptors in NSC fate decisions. These studies establish nuclear receptors as key therapeutic targets in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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39
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Liu CY, Wu CY, Petrossian K, Huang TT, Tseng LM, Chen S. Treatment for the endocrine resistant breast cancer: Current options and future perspectives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:166-175. [PMID: 28684381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine resistance remains a challenge and an unmet need for managing hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The mechanisms of endocrine resistance are multifaceted and are likely to evolve over time following various single or combination therapies. The purpose of this review article is to provide general understanding of molecular basis of endocrine resistance of breast cancer and to offer comprehensive review on current treatment options and potential new treatment strategies for endocrine resistant breast cancers. Last but not the least, we discuss current challenges and future directions for management of endocrine resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Karineh Petrossian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, United States
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, United States.
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Liu B, Fu XQ, Li T, Su T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Tse AKW, Liu SM, Yu ZL. Computational and experimental prediction of molecules involved in the anti-melanoma action of berberine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:225-235. [PMID: 28729227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Berberine (BBR) is a naturally occurring alkaloid compound that can be found in Chinese medicinal herbs such as Rhizoma Coptidis and Phellodendri Cortex. These BBR containing herbs are commonly used by Chinese medicine doctors to treat cancers including melanoma. In this study, we explored proteins potentially involved in the anti-melanoma effects of BBR using computational and experimental approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Target proteins of BBR were predicted using the reverse pharmacophore screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Anti-melanoma activities of BBR in melanoma cells were examined by MTT and EdU proliferation assays. Effects of BBR on activities of target proteins in melanoma cells were examined by Western blotting or fluorescence assay. RESULTS Ten proteins implicated in cancer and with high fit-score in the reverse pharmacophore screening were selected as potential targets of BBR. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics revealed that BBR could stably bind to four of the ten proteins, namely 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Cellular experiments showed that BBR inhibited cell proliferation, increased the phosphorylation of GR and p38, and inhibited the activity of DHODH in A375 human melanoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that p38, GR and DHODH are potentially involved in the anti-melanoma action of BBR. This study provided a chemical and pharmacological justification for the clinical use of BBR-containing herbs in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Bado I, Gugala Z, Fuqua SAW, Zhang XHF. Estrogen receptors in breast and bone: from virtue of remodeling to vileness of metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4527-4537. [PMID: 28368409 PMCID: PMC5552443 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. High rates of bone colonization in breast cancer, especially in the subtype expressing estrogen receptors (ERs), suggest tissue-specific proclivities for metastatic tumor formation. The mechanisms behind this subtype-specific organ-tropism remains largely elusive. Interestingly, as the major driver of ER+ breast cancer, ERs also have important roles in bone development and homeostasis. Thus, any agents targeting ER will also inevitably affect the microenvironment, which involves the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Yet, how such microenvironmental effects are integrated with direct therapeutic responses of cancer cells remain poorly understood. Recent findings on ER mutations, especially their enrichment in bone metastasis, raised even more provocative questions on the role of ER in cancer-bone interaction. In this review, we evaluate the importance of ERs in bone metastasis and discuss new avenues of investigation for bone metastasis treatment based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suzanne A. W. Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
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42
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Lin J, Wang L, Gao J, Zhu S. MiR-203 inhibits estrogen-induced viability, migration and invasion of estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2702-2708. [PMID: 28962215 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is common in females, and accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related cases of mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been found to be involved in the progression of breast cancer via mediation of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Previously, miR-203 has been reported to play a suppressive role in breast cancer. In the present study, the effects of miR-203 on the malignant phenotypes of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells were investigated. It was found that treatment with estradiol (E2) significantly enhanced the viability, migration and invasion of ERα-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells, accompanied by the significant downregulation of miR-203 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells were transfected with miR-203 mimics, resulting in a significant increase in miR-203 levels. Upregulation of miR-203 was found to significantly inhibit E2-induced upregulation of MCF-7 cell viability, migration and invasion. Upregulation of miR-203 also led to a significant decrease in the protein expression of ERα in MCF-7 cells. Using a luciferase reporter assay, ERα was identified as a direct target of miR-203 in MCF-7 cells. Finally, it was demonstrated that miR-203 was significantly downregulated in ERα-positive breast cancer tissues compared to their matched normal adjacent tissues. The expression levels of miR-203 were inversely correlated to the ERα levels in ERα-positive breast cancer tissues. Based on these results, it is proposed that miR-203 inhibits E2-induced viability, migration and invasion of ERα-positive breast cancer cells, and that this may be via direct targeting of ERα. Therefore, the present study highlights the importance of miR-203 and ERα in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Shiguang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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43
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Berstein LM. Endocrinology of cancer and age: Early and late developmental stages. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057017030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Pinsonneault JK, Frater JT, Kompa B, Mascarenhas R, Wang D, Sadee W. Intronic SNP in ESR1 encoding human estrogen receptor alpha is associated with brain ESR1 mRNA isoform expression and behavioral traits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179020. [PMID: 28617822 PMCID: PMC5472281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants of ESR1 have been implicated in multiple diseases, including behavioral disorders, but causative variants remain uncertain. We have searched for regulatory variants affecting ESR1 expression in human brain, measuring allelic ESR1 mRNA expression in human brain tissues with marker SNPs in exon4 representing ESR1-008 (or ESRα-36), and in the 3'UTR of ESR1-203, two main ESR1 isoforms in brain. In prefrontal cortex from subjects with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and controls (n = 35 each; Stanley Foundation brain bank), allelic ESR1 mRNA ratios deviated from unity up to tenfold at the exon4 marker SNP, with large allelic ratios observed primarily in bipolar and schizophrenic subjects. SNP scanning and targeted sequencing identified rs2144025, associated with large allelic mRNA ratios (p = 1.6E10-6). Moreover, rs2144025 was significantly associated with ESR1 mRNA levels in the Brain eQTL Almanac and in brain regions in the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. In four GWAS cohorts, rs2104425 was significantly associated with behavioral traits, including: hypomanic episodes in female bipolar disorder subjects (GAIN bipolar disorder study; p = 0.0004), comorbid psychological symptoms in both males and females with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (GAIN ADHD, p = 0.00002), psychological diagnoses in female children (eMERGE study of childhood health, subject age ≥9, p = 0.0009), and traits in schizophrenia (e.g., grandiose delusions, GAIN schizophrenia, p = 0.0004). The first common ESR1 variant (MAF 12-33% across races) linked to regulatory functions, rs2144025 appears conditionally to affect ESR1 mRNA expression in the brain and modulate traits in behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Pinsonneault
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John T. Frater
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Kompa
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roshan Mascarenhas
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Danxin Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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45
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Ma F, Feng Y, Li W, Li Z, Liu T, Li L. miR-148a Suppresses estrogen-induced viability and migration of breast cancer cells via inhibition of estrogen receptor α expression. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2515-2522. [PMID: 28565873 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in the development and malignant progression of human cancers. miR-148a has previously been found to inhibit the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-148a in regulating the viability and migration of estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive breast cancer cells is still unknown. In this study, ERα-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells were treated with estradiol (E2). Data from MTT and wound healing assays showed that E2 treatment promoted the viability and migration of MCF7 cells. A bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified ERα as a direct target of miR-148a. Ectopic expression of miR-148a significantly decreased the protein expression of ERα (P<0.01), while knockdown of miR-148a significantly increased the ERα protein level in MCF7 cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, miR-148a overexpression significantly inhibited the E2-induced viability and migration of MCF7 cells (P<0.01), similar to the effect of silencing ERα. However, overexpression of ERα rescued the suppressed viability and migration caused by miR-148a upregulation. Finally, it was found that E2 treatment led to a significant decrease in the miR-148a level in MCF7 cells (P<0.01). These results suggest that miR-148a can suppress the E2-induced viability and migration of MCF7 breast cancer cells via inhibition of ERα protein expression, expanding the understanding of miR function in ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yeqian Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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46
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Yu H, Jiang Y, Liu L, Shan W, Chu X, Yang Z, Yang ZQ. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis for pinpointing recurrent alterations of plant homeodomain genes and their clinical significance in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13099-13115. [PMID: 28055972 PMCID: PMC5355080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of the epigenetic effectors that regulate chromatin modification, gene expression, genomic stability, and DNA repair contain structurally conserved domains called plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. Alternations of several PHD finger-containing proteins (PHFs) due to genomic amplification, mutations, deletions, and translocations have been linked directly to various types of cancer. However, little is known about the genomic landscape and the clinical significance of PHFs in breast cancer. Hence, we performed a large-scale genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 98 PHF genes in breast cancer using TCGA and METABRIC datasets and correlated the recurrent alterations with clinicopathological features and survival of patients. Different subtypes of breast cancer had different patterns of copy number and expression for each PHF. We identified a subset of PHF genes that was recurrently altered with high prevalence, including PYGO2 (pygopus family PHD finger 2), ZMYND8 (zinc finger, MYND-type containing 8), ASXL1 (additional sex combs like 1) and CHD3 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3). Copy number increase and overexpression of ZMYND8 were more prevalent in Luminal B subtypes and were significantly associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. ZMYND8 was also involved in a positive feedback circuit of the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, and the expression of ZMYND8 was repressed by the bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) inhibitor in breast cancer. Our findings suggest a promising avenue for future research-to focus on a subset of PHFs to better understand the molecular mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lanxin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaofang Chu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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47
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Cotargeting of CYP-19 (aromatase) and emerging, pivotal signalling pathways in metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:10-20. [PMID: 27923036 PMCID: PMC5220158 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern endocrine therapy of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors anastrozole and letrozole, as well as the steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane, are the preferred drugs and established worldwide in all clinical phases of the disease. However, although many patients suffering from MBC experience an initial stabilisation of their metastatic burden, drug resistance and disease progression occur frequently, following in general only a few months on treatment. Extensive translational research during the past two decades has elucidated the major pathways contributing to endocrine resistance and paved the way for clinical studies investigating the efficacy of novel drug combinations involving aromatase inhibitors and emerging drugable targets like mTOR, PI3K and CDK4/6. The present review summarises the basic research that provided the rationale for new drug combinations involving aromatase inhibitors and the main findings of pivotal clinical trials that have already started to change our way to treat hormone-sensitive MBC. The challenging situation of oestrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) MBC is also shortly reviewed to underline the complexity of the clinical scenario in the heterogeneous subgroups of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients and the increasing need for personalised medicine. Finally, we summarise some of the promising findings made with the combination of aromatase inhibitors with other potent endocrine treatment options like fulvestrant, a selective oestrogen receptor downregulator.
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48
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Keenen MM, Kim S. Tumor suppressor ING4 inhibits estrogen receptor activity in breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 8:211-221. [PMID: 27895513 PMCID: PMC5117803 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antiestrogen therapy remains a significant problem in breast cancer. Low expression of inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) in primary tumors has been correlated with increased rates of recurrence in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients, suggesting a role for ING4 in ER signaling. This study provides evidence that ING4 inhibits ER activity. ING4 overexpression increased the sensitivity of T47D and MCF7 ER+ breast cancer cells to hormone deprivation. ING4 attenuated maximal estrogen-dependent cell growth without affecting the dose–response of estrogen. These results indicated that ING4 functions as a noncompetitive inhibitor of estrogen signaling and may inhibit estrogen-independent ER activity. Supportive of this, treatment with fulvestrant but not tamoxifen rendered T47D cells sensitive to hormone deprivation as did ING4 overexpression. ING4 did not affect nuclear ERα protein expression, but repressed selective ER-target gene transcription. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ING4 inhibited estrogen-independent ER activity, suggesting that ING4-low breast tumors recur faster due to estrogen-independent ER activity that renders tamoxifen less effective. This study puts forth fulvestrant as a proposed therapy choice for patients with ING4-low ER+ breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Keenen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Suwon Kim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ; Division of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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49
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Holst F, Singer CF. ESR1-Amplification-Associated Estrogen Receptor α Activity in Breast Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:751-752. [PMID: 27595547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Holst
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Special Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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50
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Scott GK, Chu D, Kaur R, Malato J, Rothschild DE, Frazier K, Eppenberger-Castori S, Hann B, Park BH, Benz CC. ERpS294 is a biomarker of ligand or mutational ERα activation and a breast cancer target for CDK2 inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 8:83432-83445. [PMID: 29137354 PMCID: PMC5663526 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ERα phosphorylation at hinge site S294 (pS294) was recently shown to be essential for ER-dependent gene transcription and mediated by an unknown cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). This study was undertaken to identify the exact CDK pathway mediating pS294 formation, and to determine if this phosphorylation event occurs with, and can be targeted to treat, the ligand-independent growth of breast cancers expressing endocrine-refractory ESR1 mutations. Using a newly developed anti-pS294 monoclonal antibody, a combination of CDK specific siRNA knockdown studies and a broad panel of CDK selective inhibitors against ligand (E2)-stimulated MCF7 cells, we first identified CDK2 as the primary mediator of pS294 formation and showed that CDK2-selective inhibitors like Dinaciclib, but not CDK4/6 inhibitors like Palbociclib, can selectively prevent pS294 formation and repress ER-dependent gene expression. We then expressed the ER-activating mutations ERmut(Y537S) and ERmut(D538G) in MCF7 cells, and demonstrated their ability to induce ligand-independent and tamoxifen-resistant growth, associated with constitutive and CDK2-dependent pS294 expression. Following robust growth of E2-independent and TAM-resistant MCF7mutER(Y537S) tumors in vivo, nude mice were also treated with either Dinaciclib or Palbociclib at doses and injection schedules unable to retard tumor growth as single agents; the TAM plus Palbociclib combination arrested further tumor growth without affecting pS294 formation, while the TAM plus Dinaciclib combination produced tumor regression associated with loss of pS294 expression. These findings, and our proposed mechanistic model, provide new rationale for the clinical evaluation of CDK2 inhibitors given in combination with endocrine agents as a new treatment strategy against ESR1 mutation expressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Scott
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David Chu
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Julia Malato
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Katya Frazier
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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