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Volyanskaya AR, Akberdin IR, Kulyashov MA, Yevshin IS, Romanov MN, Shagimardanova EI, Gusev OA, Kolpakov FA. A bird's-eye overview of molecular mechanisms regulating feed intake in chickens-with mammalian comparisons. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:61-74. [PMID: 38737579 PMCID: PMC11087724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior. However, up to now, the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood. The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens, focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals. This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuropeptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency. Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neuropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia R. Volyanskaya
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Kulyashov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Yevshin
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement By Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
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Tomaszewska E, Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Wojtysiak D, Dobrowolski P, Domaradzki P, Puzio I, Rudyk H, Brezvyn O, Muszyński S. ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate: A feed supplement influencing performance, bone metabolism, intestinal morphology, and muscle quality of laying hens: a preliminary one-point study. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103597. [PMID: 38471225 PMCID: PMC11067770 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Laying hens, selectively bred for high egg production, often suffer from bone fragility and fractures, impacting their welfare and causing economic losses. Additionally, gut health and muscle quality are crucial for overall health and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on performance, bone metabolism, intestinal morphology, and muscle quality in laying hens. Forty-eight Bovans Brown hens were divided into a control group and an HMB-supplemented group (0.02% HMB in diet). The study spanned from the 31st to the 60th wk of age. Assessments included bone mechanical testing, serum hormonal analysis, histological analysis of bone and intestine, and muscle quality analysis. The HMB supplementation led to decreased feed intake without affecting body weight or laying rate in laying hens. It caused an increase in both mean daily and total egg weight, indicating improved feed utilization, without influencing the feed intake to egg weight ratio. Enhanced bone formation markers and altered intestinal morphometric parameters were observed, along with improved trabecular bone structure. However, no changes in measured other bone quality indices, including geometric, densitometric, or mechanical properties were observed. Muscle analysis revealed no significant changes in overall meat quality, except for a decrease in cholesterol content and alterations in the fatty acid profile, notably a reduction in total n-3 polyunsaturated and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In conclusion, although not all effects of HMB supplementation were unequivocally beneficial, the positive changes in performance data and trabecular bone microarchitecture support further research into various doses and durations of supplementation. Such studies are necessary to fully understand and optimize the benefits of HMB for enhancing the health and productivity of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Arczewska-Włosek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Dorota Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halyna Rudyk
- State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Brezvyn
- State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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3
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Zandawala M, Gera J. Leptin- and cytokine-like unpaired signaling in Drosophila. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112165. [PMID: 38266772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Animals have evolved a multitude of signaling pathways that enable them to orchestrate diverse physiological processes to tightly regulate systemic homeostasis. This signaling is mediated by various families of peptide hormones and cytokines that are conserved across the animal kingdom. In this review, we primarily focus on the unpaired (Upd) family of proteins in Drosophila which are evolutionarily related to mammalian leptin and the cytokine interleukin 6. We summarize expression patterns of Upd in Drosophila and discuss the parallels in structure, signaling pathway, and functions between Upd and their mammalian counterparts. In particular, we focus on the roles of Upd in governing metabolic homeostasis, growth and development, and immune responses. We aim to stimulate future studies on leptin-like signaling in other phyla which can help bridge the evolutionary gap between insect Upd and vertebrate leptin and cytokines like interleukin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meet Zandawala
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Jayati Gera
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Watts HE, Cornelius JM. Toward understanding the endocrine regulation of diverse facultative migration strategies. Horm Behav 2024; 158:105465. [PMID: 38061233 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Migration is an important event in the annual cycle of many animals that facilitates the use of resources that vary across space and time. It can occur with regular and predictable timing, as in obligate migration, or with much greater flexibility, as in facultative migration. Most research aimed at understanding the endocrine mechanisms regulating the transition to a migratory stage has focused on obligate migration, whereas less is known about facultative forms of migration. One challenge for research into the endocrine regulation of facultative migration is that facultative migrations encompass a diverse array of migratory movements. Here, we present a framework to describe and conceptualize variation in facultative migrations that focuses on conditions at departure. Within the context of this framework, we review potential endocrine mechanisms involved in the initiation of facultative migrations in vertebrates. We first focus on glucocorticoids, which have been the subject of most research on the topic. We then examine other potential hormones and neurohormones that have received less attention, but are exciting candidates to consider. We conclude by highlighting areas where future research is particularly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Watts
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Jamie M Cornelius
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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5
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Rossi GS, Welch KC. Leptin Resistance Does Not Facilitate Migratory Fattening in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus Colubris). Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1075-1086. [PMID: 37248054 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, leptin is an important energy homeostasis hormone produced by adipose tissue. Circulating leptin concentrations correlate positively with fat mass and act in a negative feedback fashion to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure, thereby preventing fat gain. For some species, leptin resistance is advantageous during times of year where fat gain is necessary (e.g., prior to hibernation). While the function of leptin in birds remains controversial, seasonal leptin resistance may similarly benefit migratory species. Here, we used the ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) to test the hypothesis that leptin resistance promotes fattening prior to migration. We predicted that during the migratory fattening period, leptin levels should correlate positively with fat mass but should not inhibit food intake or increase energy expenditure, resulting in fattening. We tracked the body (fat) mass, the concentration of leptin-like protein in the urine, and the food intake of 12 captive hummingbirds from August 2021 to January 2022. In a subset of hummingbirds, we also quantified voluntary physical activity as a proxy for energy expenditure. We found remarkable age-related variation in fattening strategies, with juveniles doubling their body fat by mid-September and adults exhibiting only a 50% increase. Changes in fat mass were strongly associated with increased food intake and reduced voluntary activity. However, we found no correlation between leptin-like protein concentration and fat mass, food intake, or voluntary activity. Since increased torpor use has been shown to accelerate migratory fattening in ruby-throated hummingbirds, we also hypothesized that leptin is a mediator of torpor use. In an experimental manipulation of circulating leptin, however, we found no change in torpor use, body fat, or food intake. Overall, our findings suggest that leptin may not act as an adipostat in hummingbirds, nor does leptin resistance regulate how hummingbirds fatten prior to migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia S Rossi
- Departmant of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kenneth C Welch
- Departmant of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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6
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Zhu F, Yin ZT, Zhao QS, Sun YX, Jie YC, Smith J, Yang YZ, Burt DW, Hincke M, Zhang ZD, Yuan MD, Kaufman J, Sun CJ, Li JY, Shao LW, Yang N, Hou ZC. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Silkie chicken resolves complete sequences for key chicken metabolic, reproductive, and immunity genes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1233. [PMID: 38057566 PMCID: PMC10700341 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of high-quality pan-genomes would help identify important genes that are still hidden/incomplete in bird reference genomes. In an attempt to address these issues, we have assembled a de novo chromosome-level reference genome of the Silkie (Gallus gallus domesticus), which is an important avian model for unique traits, like fibromelanosis, with unclear genetic foundation. This Silkie genome includes the complete genomic sequences of well-known, but unresolved, evolutionarily, endocrinologically, and immunologically important genes, including leptin, ovocleidin-17, and tumor-necrosis factor-α. The gap-less and manually annotated MHC (major histocompatibility complex) region possesses 38 recently identified genes, with differentially regulated genes recovered in response to pathogen challenges. We also provide whole-genome methylation and genetic variation maps, and resolve a complex genetic region that may contribute to fibromelanosis in these animals. Finally, we experimentally show leptin binding to the identified leptin receptor in chicken, confirming an active leptin ligand-receptor system. The Silkie genome assembly not only provides a rich data resource for avian genome studies, but also lays a foundation for further functional validation of resolved genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang-Sen Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Yu-Ze Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - David W Burt
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, KIH 8M5, Canada
| | - Zi-Ding Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Cong-Jiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wa Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Li X, Yang B, Dong Z, Geng D, Wang C, Guo Q, Jiang Y, Chen G, Chang G, Bai H. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and blood variables of small-sized meat ducks with different feed efficiency phenotypes. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102818. [PMID: 37354613 PMCID: PMC10404786 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of feed efficiency (residual feed intake, RFI and residual intake and gain, RIG) on the production performance of small-sized meat ducks. Ninety ducks with intermediate and extreme (high and low) RFI values were selected from 1,083 male ducks of similar body weight, and the 3 groups were then redivided according to RIG. For both efficiency measures, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of efficient ducks were significantly lower than those of inefficient ducks (P < 0.05), while the residual body weight gain (RG) was significantly higher in efficient ducks (P < 0.05). Inefficient-RFI animals showed greater skin fat yield (P < 0.05), but no other differences in carcass traits were observed (P > 0.05). RIG had positive effects on the pH1 value of the breast muscle (P < 0.05), but feed efficiency did not affect the other meat quality traits (P > 0.05). With regard to blood biochemical parameters, efficient ducks had significantly lower triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that RFI was positively correlated with average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), while RIG exhibited a strong negative correlation with both (P < 0.05). The average daily body weight gain was positively correlated with RIG (P < 0.05). RIG had a positive effect on the pH1 value of the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels correlated with both efficiency classifications (P < 0.05). Overall, the efficiency measures did not affect the carcass and meat quality of small-sized meat ducks but could identify ducks with lower feed consumption and fast growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baolong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhaoqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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8
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Tu W, Zhang Y, Jiang K, Jiang S. Osteocalcin and Its Potential Functions for Preventing Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081380. [PMID: 37106943 PMCID: PMC10135196 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) is synthesized and secreted by differentiating osteoblasts. In addition to its role in bone, OCN acts as a hormone in the pancreas, liver, muscle, fat, and other organs to regulate multiple pathophysiological processes including glucose homeostasis and adipic acid metabolism. Fat metabolic disorder, such as excessive fat buildup, is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Similarly, fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic disease in laying hens, resulting from lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. FLHS affects hen health with significant impact on poultry egg production. Many studies have proposed that OCN has protective function in mammalian NAFLD, but its function in chicken FLHS and related mechanism have not been completely clarified. Recently, we have revealed that OCN prevents laying hens from FLHS through regulating the JNK pathway, and some pathways related to the disease progression have been identified through both in vivo and vitro investigations. In this view, we discussed the current findings for predicting the strategy for using OCN to prevent or reduce FLHS impact on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kunyu Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sha Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
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9
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Murugesan S, Nidamanuri AL. Role of leptin and ghrelin in regulation of physiological functions of chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Dehau T, Ducatelle R, Immerseel FV, Goossens E. Omics technologies in poultry health and productivity - part 1: current use in poultry research. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:407-417. [PMID: 35675291 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2086447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In biology, molecular terms with the suffix "-omics" refer to disciplines aiming at the collective characterization of pools of molecules derived from different layers (DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites) of living organisms using high-throughput technologies. Such omics analyses have been widely implemented in poultry research in recent years. This first part of a bipartite review on omics technologies in poultry health and productivity examines the use of multiple omics and multi-omics techniques in poultry research. More specific present and future applications of omics technologies, not only for the identification of specific diagnostic biomarkers, but also for potential future integration in the daily monitoring of poultry production, are discussed in part 2. Approaches based on omics technologies are particularly used in poultry research in the hunt for genetic markers of economically important phenotypical traits in the host, and in the identification of key bacterial species or functions in the intestinal microbiome. Integrative multi-omics analyses, however, are still scarce. Host physiology is investigated via genomics together with transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics techniques, to understand more accurately complex production traits such as disease resistance and fertility. The gut microbiota, as a key player in chicken productivity and health, is also a main subject of such studies, investigating the association between its composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) or function (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics) and host phenotypes. Applications of these technologies in the study of other host-associated microbiota and other host characteristics are still in their infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Dehau
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Churchman E, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Leptin administration does not influence migratory behaviour in white-throated sparrows ( Zonotrichia albicollis). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13584. [PMID: 35726262 PMCID: PMC9206435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory flights by birds are among the most energetically demanding forms of animal movement, and are primarily fueled by fat as an energy source. Leptin is a critical fat-regulation hormone associated with energy balance in non-avian species but its function in birds is highly controversial. Prior research indicated the effects of leptin differed between birds in migratory condition or not, but no research has assessed the effect of leptin on migratory behaviour itself. In this study, our objective was to determine if leptin affects migratory restlessness and fat deposition in migratory songbirds. We used photoperiod manipulation to induce spring migratory condition, and measured migratory restlessness in leptin-injected and saline-injected white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis). Leptin treatment had no effect on migratory restlessness nor fat deposition, providing evidence that leptin does not influence avian migratory motivation or behaviour. Our results also further support the idea that birds in a hyperphagic migratory condition may be insensitive to leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Churchman
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Lupi S, Morbey YE, MacDougall-Shackleton SA, Kaiya H, Fusani L, Guglielmo CG. Experimental ghrelin administration affects migratory behaviour in a songbird. Horm Behav 2022; 141:105139. [PMID: 35299118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twice a year, billions of birds take on drastic physiological and behavioural changes to migrate between breeding and wintering areas. On migration, most passerine birds regularly stop over along the way to rest and refuel. Endogenous energy stores are not only the indispensable fuel to complete long distance flights, but are also important peripheral signals that once integrated in the brain modulate crucial behavioural decisions, such as the decision to resume migration after a stopover. A network of hormones signals metabolic fuel availability to the brain in vertebrates, including the recently discovered gut-hormone ghrelin. Here, we show that ghrelin takes part in the control of migratory behaviour during spring migration in a wild migratory passerine. We manipulated blood concentrations of ghrelin of 53 yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata coronata) caught during stopover and automatically radio-tracked their migratory behaviour following release. We found that injections of acylated and unacylated ghrelin rapidly induced movements away from the release site, indicating that the ghrelin system acts centrally to mediate stopover departure decisions. The effects of the hormone manipulation declined within 8 h following release, and did not affect the overall rate of migration. These results provide experimental evidence for a pivotal role of ghrelin in the modulation of behavioural decisions during migration. In addition, this study offers insights into the regulatory functions of metabolic hormones in the dialogue between gut and brain in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lupi
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1A, 1160 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Yolanda E Morbey
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Psychology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Leonida Fusani
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1A, 1160 Vienna, Austria; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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13
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Kim JE, Bennett DC, Wright K, Cheng KM. Seasonal and sexual variation in mRNA expression of selected adipokine genes affecting fat deposition and metabolism of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6325. [PMID: 35428830 PMCID: PMC9012844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emus are farmed for fat production. Oil rendered from their back and abdominal fat pads has good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has ingredients that promote cell growth. Our objective is to examine the mRNA expression of 7 emu adipokine genes (eFABP4, eSCD1, eAdipoQ, eAdipoR1, eAdipoR2, eLEP and eLepR) to identify gene markers that may help improve emu fat production. Back and abdominal fat tissues from 11 adult emus were biopsied at four time points (April, June, August and November). Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized. Gene specific primers were designed for partial cloning fragments to amplify the open reading frame of the 7 genes. eLEP was not expressed in emu fat tissue. Nucleotides and amino acids sequences of the 6 expressed gene were compared with homologs from other species and phylogenetic relationships established. Seasonal mRNA expression of each gene was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and differential expression analysed by the 2−ΔΔCT method. The 6 expressed genes showed seasonal variation in expression and showed association of expression level with back fat adiposity. More whole-genome scanning studies are needed to develop novel molecular markers that can be applied to improve fat production in emus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Darin C Bennett
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Kristina Wright
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, 570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Cheng
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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14
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Kato M, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:747473. [PMID: 34759838 PMCID: PMC8573243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.747473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered a novel cDNA encoding the precursor of a small secretory protein, neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), in the mediobasal hypothalamus of chickens. Although our previous study showed that subcutaneous infusion of NPGM for 6 days increased body mass in chicks, the chronic effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NPGM remains unknown. In this study, we performed i.c.v. administration of NPGM in eight-day-old layer chicks using osmotic pumps for 2 weeks. In the results, chronic i.c.v. infusion of NPGM significantly increased body mass, water intake, and the mass of abdominal and gizzard fat in chicks, whereas NPGM did not affect food intake, liver and muscle masses, or blood glucose concentration. Morphological analyses using Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin stainings revealed that fat accumulation occurred in both the liver and gizzard fat after NPGM infusion. The real-time PCR analysis showed that NPGM decreased the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, a lipolytic factor in the liver. These results indicate that NPGM may participate in fat storage in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Huttener R, Thorrez L, Veld TI, Granvik M, Van Lommel L, Waelkens E, Derua R, Lemaire K, Goyvaerts L, De Coster S, Buyse J, Schuit F. Sequencing refractory regions in bird genomes are hotspots for accelerated protein evolution. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:176. [PMID: 34537008 PMCID: PMC8449477 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1000 protein encoding genes common for vertebrates are still unannotated in avian genomes. Are these genes evolutionary lost or are they not yet found for technical reasons? Using genome landscapes as a tool to visualize large-scale regional effects of genome evolution, we reexamined this question. Results On basis of gene annotation in non-avian vertebrate genomes, we established a list of 15,135 common vertebrate genes. Of these, 1026 were not found in any of eight examined bird genomes. Visualizing regional genome effects by our sliding window approach showed that the majority of these "missing" genes can be clustered to 14 regions of the human reference genome. In these clusters, an additional 1517 genes (often gene fragments) were underrepresented in bird genomes. The clusters of “missing” genes coincided with regions of very high GC content, particularly in avian genomes, making them “hidden” because of incomplete sequencing. Moreover, proteins encoded by genes in these sequencing refractory regions showed signs of accelerated protein evolution. As a proof of principle for this idea we experimentally characterized the mRNA and protein products of four "hidden" bird genes that are crucial for energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle: ALDOA, ENO3, PYGM and SLC2A4. Conclusions A least part of the “missing” genes in bird genomes can be attributed to an artifact caused by the difficulty to sequence regions with extreme GC% (“hidden” genes). Biologically, these “hidden” genes are of interest as they encode proteins that evolve more rapidly than the genome wide average. Finally we show that four of these “hidden” genes encode key proteins for energy metabolism in flight muscle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01905-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huttener
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Thorrez
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - T In't Veld
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Granvik
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Van Lommel
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lemaire
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Goyvaerts
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S De Coster
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, bus 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Bakshi A, Singh R, Rai U. Trajectory of leptin and leptin receptor in vertebrates: Structure, function and their regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110652. [PMID: 34343670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review provides a comparative insight into structure, function and control of leptin system in fishes, herptiles, birds and mammals. In general, leptin acts as an anorexigenic hormone since its administration results in decrease of food intake in vertebrates. Nonetheless, functional paradox arises in fishes from contradictory observations on level of leptin during fasting and re-feeding. In addition, leptin is shown to modulate metabolic functions in fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals. Leptin also regulates reproductive and immune functions though more studies are warranted in non-mammalian vertebrates. The expression of leptin and its receptor is influenced by numerous factors including sex steroids, stress and stress-induced catecholamines and glucocorticoids though their effect in non-mammalian vertebrates is hard to be generalized due to limited studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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17
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Saibaba G, Ruzal M, Shinder D, Yosefi S, Druyan S, Arazi H, Froy O, Sagi D, Friedman-Einat M. Time-Restricted Feeding in Commercial Layer Chickens Improves Egg Quality in Old Age and Points to Lack of Adipostat Activity in Chickens. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651738. [PMID: 34234685 PMCID: PMC8256267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, time-restricted feeding (TRF) with no caloric restriction provides health benefits and extends longevity, usually with a minor (∼3%) or no reduction in total food consumption. In the current study, a TRF regimen of 6 h free access to food (08:00-14:00 h) was applied to Leghorn chickens from 25 to 86 weeks of age; control birds ate freely during the light hours (06:00-20:00 h). Unexpectedly, the TRF-treated birds consumed, on average, 11.7% less food than the controls. This was manifested by an average reduction of 9.6% in body weight, 2.6-fold in visceral fat accumulation, and 6.5% in egg weight. Hen-housed egg production was reduced by 3.6% in the TRF group compared with the control, along the first 40 weeks of the follow-up (P < 0.05), and changed into a tendency of 0.7% higher egg production thereafter. Several parameters of egg quality showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the TRF group compared with the controls. A comparison of diurnal patterns of feed consumption revealed a higher rate of hourly consumption in the TRF group and increased consumption before dark in the control group. In conclusion, the reduced feed intake in response to the TRF treatment and loss in visceral fat accumulation supports the lack of a strong adipostat activity in chickens and different appetite regulation mechanisms compared with mammals. Therefore, future TRF studies in chickens should be adjusted by extending the ad libitum time window. The lower feed intake by the TRF-treated chickens compared with the ad libitum-fed controls seems to reduce the efficiency of egg production. Nevertheless, the improved egg quality and persistence of egg lay at the older age suggest that similarly to mammals, the TRF treatment delayed at least some of the negative impacts associated with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Saibaba
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Mark Ruzal
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Dima Shinder
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Sara Yosefi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Shelly Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Hagit Arazi
- Extension Service, Poultry Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Sagi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Miriam Friedman-Einat
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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18
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Estienne A, Ramé C, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Barbe A, Grandhaye J, Dubois JP, Batailler M, Migaud M, Lecompte F, Adriaensen H, Froment P, Dupont J. Chemerin impairs food intake and body weight in chicken: Focus on hypothalamic neuropeptides gene expression and AMPK signaling pathway. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 304:113721. [PMID: 33493505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, the role of adipokines and more particularly of chemerin in the regulation of food intake is totally unknown in avian species. Here we investigated the effect of chemerin on the food and water consumption and on the body weight in chicken. We studied the effects on the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and the hypothalamic neuropeptides and AMPK signaling pathway. Female broiler chickens were intraperitoneally injected, daily for 13 days with either vehicle (saline; n = 25) or chemerin (8 μg/kg; n = 25 and 16 μg/kg; n = 25). Food and water intakes were recorded 24 h after each administration. Overnight fasted animals were sacrificed at day 13 (D13), 24 h after the last injection and hypothalamus and left cerebral hemispheres were collected. Chemerin and its receptors protein levels were determined by western-blot. Gene expression of neuropeptide Y (Npy), agouti-related peptide (Agrp), corticotrophin releasing hormone (Crh), pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart) and Taste 1 Receptor Member 1 (Tas1r1) were evaluated by RT-qPCR. In chicken, we found that the protein amount of chemerin, CCRL2 and GPR1 was similar in left cerebral hemisphere and hypothalamus whereas CMKLR1 was higher in hypothalamus. Chemerin administration (8 and 16 μg/kg) decreased both food intake and body weight compared to vehicle without affecting water intake and the size or volume of different brain subdivisions as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. It also increased plasma insulin levels whereas glucose levels were decreased. These data were associated with an increase in Npy and Agrp expressions and a decrease in Crh, Tas1r1 mRNA expression within the hypothalamus. Furthermore, chemerin decreased hypothalamic CMKLR1 protein expression and AMPK activation. Taken together, these results support that chemerin could be a peripheral appetite-regulating signal through modulation of hypothalamic peptides expression in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alix Barbe
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Batailler
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - François Lecompte
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Hans Adriaensen
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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19
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Wilson RC, LeMaster MP, Lutterschmidt DI. Exogenous leptin promotes reproductive behavior during aphagia in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Horm Behav 2021; 128:104893. [PMID: 33333076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the established dichotomy between investment in either reproduction or self-maintenance, a hormonal mechanism that influences an organism's decision to prioritize these behaviors remains elusive. The protein hormone leptin is a likely candidate because it is secreted from adipocytes in proportion to the amount of stored fat in numerous species. Although the majority of studies suggest that leptin stimulates reproduction, the actions of leptin can be context-dependent. Leptin increases sexual behavior in fed individuals, but inhibits sexual behavior in food-restricted individuals. We investigated if exogenous leptin influences sexual behavior in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) experiencing a predictable bout of aphagia during the mating season. We tested two doses of recombinant murine leptin injected for three days. Males were subjected to three mating trials, one on each day of injections, while females were subjected to one mating trial on the last day of injections. Leptin affects male and female snakes similarly by increasing both appetitive (i.e., mating behavior score) and consummatory (i.e., number of copulations, proportion of individuals copulated) sex behavior. We found no evidence to suggest that leptin influenced latency to copulate or duration of copulation. Because leptin promotes reproductive behavior in non-feeding garter snakes, these findings do not align with research on food-restricted mammals. Further investigations into how leptin affects sexual behavior in snakes exposed to food-restriction manipulations would clarify if the role of leptin is evolutionarily divergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Wilson
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR 97206, USA.
| | - Michael P LeMaster
- Western Oregon University, Department of Biology, 345 N. Monmouth Ave, Monmouth, OR 97361, USA.
| | - Deborah I Lutterschmidt
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR 97206, USA.
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20
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Alpha-Ketoglutarate: An Effective Feed Supplement in Improving Bone Metabolism and Muscle Quality of Laying Hens: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122420. [PMID: 33348724 PMCID: PMC7767309 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation on performance, serum hormonal indices, duodenum and jejunum histomorphometry, meat quality characteristics, bone quality traits and cartilage degradation in laying hens with a mature skeletal system. Forty-eight 30 week-old Bovans Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to a control group or the group fed the basal diet plus 1.0% AKG. The experimental trial lasted 30 weeks. The supplementation of AKG increases blood serum content of leptin, ghrelin, bone alkaline phosphatate and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, while osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin decrease. While dietary AKG was given to laying hens negatively influenced villus length, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio and absorptive surface area in duodenum and jejunum, these changes have no effect on feed intake, weight gain, nor laying performance. In breast muscles, no significant changes in skeletal muscle fatty acid composition were observed, however, a higher shear force and decreased cholesterol content following AKG supplementation were noted, showing the improvement of muscle quality. While dietary AKG supplementation did not affect the general geometric and mechanical properties of the tibia, it increased collagen synthesis and enhanced immature collagen content. In medullary bone, an increase of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, fractal dimension and decrease of trabecular space were observed in AKG supplemented group. The trabeculae in bone metaphysis were also significantly thicker after AKG supplementation. AKG promoted fibrillogenesis in articular cartilage, as indicated by increased cartilage oligomeric matrix protein immunoexpression. By improving the structure and maintaining the proper bone turnover rate of highly reactive and metabolically active medullar and trabecular bones AKG showed its anti-osteoporotic action in laying hens.
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21
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Estienne A, Brossaud A, Reverchon M, Ramé C, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines Expression and Effects in Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization and Early Embryo Development: Lessons from Mammals and Birds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3581. [PMID: 32438614 PMCID: PMC7279299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence shows that body mass index in humans and extreme weights in animal models, including avian species, are associated with low in vitro fertilization, bad oocyte quality, and embryo development failures. Adipokines are hormones mainly produced and released by white adipose tissue. They play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, they are also involved in many other physiological processes including reproductive functions. Indeed, leptin and adiponectin, the most studied adipokines, but also novel adipokines including visfatin and chemerin, are expressed within the reproductive tract and modulate female fertility. Much of the literature has focused on the physiological and pathological roles of these adipokines in ovary, placenta, and uterine functions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the involvement of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin in the oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in both mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Adeline Brossaud
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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22
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Seebacher F. Is Endothermy an Evolutionary By-Product? Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:503-511. [PMID: 32396817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothermy alters the energetic relationships between organisms and their environment and thereby influences fundamental niches. Endothermy is closely tied to energy metabolism. Regulation of energy balance is indispensable for all life and regulatory pathways increase in complexity from bacteria to vertebrates. Increasing complexity of metabolic networks also increase the probability for endothermic phenotypes to appear. Adaptive arguments are problematic epistemologically because the regulatory mechanisms enabling endothermy have not evolved for the 'purpose' of endothermy and the utility of current traits is likely to have changed over evolutionary time. It is most parsimonious to view endothermy as the evolutionary by-product of energy balance regulation rather than as an adaptation and interpret its evolution in the context of metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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Niu W, Qazi IH, Li S, Zhao X, Yin H, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Han H, Zhou G, Du X. Expression of FOXL2 and RSPO1 in Hen Ovarian Follicles and Implication of Exogenous Leptin in Modulating Their mRNA Expression in In Vitro Cultured Granulosa Cells. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121083. [PMID: 31817265 PMCID: PMC6941104 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using a laying hen model, we determined the expression of FOXL2 and RSPO1 in different central and peripheral tissue and ovarian follicles at different stages of development. At the same time, mRNA expression of both genes in granulosa and theca cells harvested from follicles at different stages of folliculogenesis was also evaluated. Finally, we assessed the effect of leptin treatment on expression of FOXL2 and RSPO1 in in vitro cultured granulosa cells harvested from 1-5 mm to F3-F1 follicles. Our RT-qPCR results revealed that a comparatively higher expression of FOXL2 and RSPO1 was observed in ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Abundant mRNA expression of FOXL2 was observed in small prehierarchical follicles (1-1.9 and 2-2.9 mm follicles; p < 0.05), whereas mRNA expression of RSPO1 showed an increasing trend in large hierarchical follicles (F5-F1), and its abundant expression was observed in post-ovulatory follicles. FOXL2 mRNA expression was stable in granulosa cells harvested from 3-5 mm to F4 follicles, and exhibited a significantly higher expression in large hierarchical follicles. Conversely, relatively low mRNA expression of FOXL2 was observed in theca cells. RSPO1 mRNA expression was relatively lower in granulosa cells; however, theca cells exhibited a significantly higher mRNA expression of RSPO1 in F4 to F1 follicles. In the next experiment, we treated the in vitro cultured granulosa cells with different concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) of exogenous leptin. Compared to the control group, a significant increase in the expression of FOXL2 was observed in groups treated with 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL leptin, whereas expression of RSPO1 was increased in all leptin-treated groups. When treated with 100 ng/mL leptin, FOXL2 and RSPO1 expression was upregulated in cultured granulosa cells harvested from both large hierarchical (F3-F1) and small prehierarchical follicles (1-5 mm). Based on these findings and evidence from mainstream literature, we envisage that FOXL2 and RSPO1 genes (in connection with hypothalamic-hypophysis axis) and leptin (via modulation of FOXL2 and RSPO1 expression) might have significant physiological roles, at least in part, in modulating the ovarian mechanisms, such as follicle development, selection, and steroidogenesis in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihe Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sichen Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hongbing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.N.); (I.H.Q.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.D.)
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24
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Beymer M. TEM at 30: Advancing Topics in Endocrinology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:781-782. [PMID: 31668961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Beymer
- Editor, Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism.
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