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Andrabi M, Upton BA, Lang RA, Vemaraju S. An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:245-267. [PMID: 37196422 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-094018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms that directly harness light energy (plants) or decode light information for adaptive advantage. In animals, the main light sensors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function is best described for the visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins for extraocular light sensing for seasonal behavior and camouflage. While it has long been believed that mammals do not have an extraocular light sensing capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) and neuropsin (OPN5) are both known to mediate extraocular light sensing in mice. Examples of this mediation include photoentrainment of circadian clocks in skin (by OPN5) and acute light-dependent regulation of metabolic pathways (by OPN3 and OPN5). This review summarizes current findings in the expanding field of extraocular photoreception and their relevance for human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutahar Andrabi
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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2
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Yue K, Rensen PC, Kooijman S. Circadian control of white and brown adipose tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102056. [PMID: 37244110 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
White and brown adipose tissues are highly dynamic organs anticipating and responding to changes in the environment. The circadian timing system facilitates anticipation, and it is therefore not surprising that circadian disturbances, a prominent feature of modern 24/7 society, increase the risk for (cardio)metabolic diseases. In this mini-review, we will address mechanisms and strategies to mitigate disease risk associated with circadian disturbances. In addition, we discuss the opportunities arising from the knowledge we gained about circadian rhythms in these adipose tissues, including the application of chronotherapy, optimizing endogenous circadian rhythms to allow for more effective intervention, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cn Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://twitter.com/@Rensen_Lab
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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3
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Yoo SH. Circadian regulation of cardiac muscle function and protein degradation. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:4-12. [PMID: 34521283 PMCID: PMC8918439 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1957911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a fundamental role in physiology. In particular, the heart is a target organ where the clock orchestrates various aspects of cardiac function. At the molecular level, the clock machinery governs daily rhythms of gene expression. Such circadian regulation is in tune with the dynamic nature of heart structure and function, and provides the foundation for chronotherapeutic applications in cardiovascular diseases. In comparison, a regulatory role of the clock in cardiac protein degradation is poorly documented. Sarcomere is the structural and functional unit responsible for cardiac muscle contraction, and sarcomere components are closely regulated by protein folding and proteolysis. Emerging evidence supports a role of the circadian clock in governing sarcomere integrity and function. Particularly, recent studies uncovered a circadian regulation of a core sarcomere component TCAP. It is possible that circadian regulation of the cardiac muscle protein turnover is a key regulatory mechanism underlying cardiac remodeling in response to physiological and environmental stimuli. While the detailed regulatory mechanisms and the molecular links to cardiac (patho)physiology remain to be further studied, therapeutic strategies targeting circadian control in the heart may markedly enhance intervention outcomes against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Schönke M, Ying Z, Kovynev A, In Het Panhuis W, Binnendijk A, van der Poel S, Pronk ACM, Streefland TCM, Hoekstra M, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN. Time to run: Late rather than early exercise training in mice remodels the gut microbiome and reduces atherosclerosis development. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22719. [PMID: 36562708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201304r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic and inflammatory processes that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases are under control of the biological clock. While skeletal muscle function exhibits circadian rhythms, it is unclear to what extent the beneficial health effects of exercise are restricted to unique time windows. We aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates the development of atherosclerosis and elucidate underlying mechanisms. We endurance-trained atherosclerosis-prone female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice fed a Western-type diet, a well-established human-like model for cardiometabolic diseases, for 1 h five times a week for 4 weeks either in their early or in their late active phase on a treadmill. We monitored metabolic parameters, the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root and assessed the composition of the gut microbiota. Late, but not early, exercise training reduced fat mass by 19% and the size of early-stage atherosclerotic lesions by as much as 29% compared to sedentary animals. No correlation between cholesterol exposure and lesion size was evident, as no differences in plasma lipid levels were observed, but circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were reduced with late exercise. Strikingly, we observed a time-of-day-dependent effect of exercise training on the composition of the gut microbiota as only late training increased the abundance of gut bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids with proposed anti-inflammatory properties. Together, these findings indicate that timing is a critical factor to the beneficial anti-atherosclerotic effects of exercise with a great potential to further optimize training recommendations for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Schönke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Artemiy Kovynev
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Binnendijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van der Poel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Lee EK. You Can't Avoid Shift Work? Then Focus on Body Fat Rather than Weight. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:756-758. [PMID: 36327986 PMCID: PMC9633215 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Eun Kyung Lee. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel: +82-31-920-1743, Fax: +82-31-920-2789 E-mail:
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6
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Zavala E. Misaligned hormonal rhythmicity: Mechanisms of origin and their clinical significance. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13144. [PMID: 35514212 PMCID: PMC9286602 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic hormonal secretion is key for sustaining health. While a central pacemaker in the hypothalamus is the main driver of circadian periodicity, many hormones oscillate with different frequencies and amplitudes. These rhythms carry information about healthy physiological functions, while at the same time they must be able to respond to external cues and maintain their robustness against severe perturbations. Since endocrine disruptions can lead to hormonal misalignment and disease, understanding the clinical significance of these rhythms can help support diagnosis and disease management. While the misalignment of dynamic hormone profiles can be quantitatively analysed though statistical and computational techniques, mathematical modelling can provide fundamental understanding about the mechanisms underpinning endocrine rhythms, particularly around the question of what makes them robust to some perturbations but fragile to others. In this study, I will review the key challenges of understanding hormonal rhythm misalignment from a mathematical perspective, including their causes and clinical significance. By reviewing modelling examples of coupled endocrine axes, I will address the question of how perturbations in one endocrine axis propagate to another, leading to the more complex issue of disentangling the contribution of each endocrine system to a robust dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Zavala
- Centre for Systems Modelling & Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonUK
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7
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Erickson ML, Wang W, Counts J, Redman LM, Parker D, Huebner JL, Dunn J, Kraus WE. Field-Based Assessments of Behavioral Patterns During Shiftwork in Police Academy Trainees Using Wearable Technology. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:260-271. [PMID: 35416084 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221087068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment, as occurs in shiftwork, is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Here, we sought to improve data labeling accuracy from wearable technology using a novel data pre-processing algorithm in 27 police trainees during shiftwork. Secondarily, we explored changes in four metabolic salivary biomarkers of circadian rhythm during shiftwork. Using a two-group observational study design, participants completed in-class training during dayshift for 6 weeks followed by either dayshift or nightshift field-training for 6 weeks. Using our novel algorithm, we imputed labels of circadian misaligned sleep episodes that occurred during daytime, which were previously were mislabeled as non-sleep by Garmin, supported by algorithm performance analysis. We next assessed changes to resting heart rate and sleep regularity index during dayshift versus nightshift field-training. We also examined changes in field-based assessments of salivary cortisol, uric acid, testosterone, and melatonin during dayshift versus nightshift. Compared to dayshift, nightshift workers experienced larger changes to resting heart rate, sleep regularity index (indicating reduced sleep regularity), and alterations in sleep/wake activity patterns accompanied by blunted salivary cortisol. Salivary uric acid and testosterone did not change. These findings show wearable technology combined with specialized data pre-processing can be used to monitor changes in behavioral patterns during shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julie Counts
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Daniel Parker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Ansermet C, Centeno G, Bignon Y, Ortiz D, Pradervand S, Garcia A, Menin L, Gachon F, Yoshihara HA, Firsov D. Dysfunction of the circadian clock in the kidney tubule leads to enhanced kidney gluconeogenesis and exacerbated hyperglycemia in diabetes. Kidney Int 2021; 101:563-573. [PMID: 34838539 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a ubiquitous molecular time-keeping mechanism which synchronizes cellular, tissue, and systemic biological functions with 24-hour environmental cycles. Local circadian clocks drive cell type- and tissue-specific rhythms and their dysregulation has been implicated in pathogenesis and/or progression of a broad spectrum of diseases. However, the pathophysiological role of intrinsic circadian clocks in the kidney of diabetics remains unknown. To address this question, we induced type I diabetes with streptozotocin in mice devoid of the circadian transcriptional regulator BMAL1 in podocytes (cKOp mice) or in the kidney tubule (cKOt mice). There was no association between dysfunction of the circadian clock and the development of diabetic nephropathy in cKOp and cKOt mice with diabetes. However, cKOt mice with diabetes exhibited exacerbated hyperglycemia, increased fractional excretion of glucose in the urine, enhanced polyuria, and a more pronounced kidney hypertrophy compared to streptozotocin-treated control mice. mRNA and protein expression analyses revealed substantial enhancement of the gluconeogenic pathway in kidneys of cKOt mice with diabetes as compared to diabetic control mice. Transcriptomic analysis along with functional analysis of cKOt mice with diabetes identified changes in multiple mechanisms directly or indirectly affecting the gluconeogenic pathway. Thus, we demonstrate that dysfunction of the intrinsic kidney tubule circadian clock can aggravate diabetic hyperglycemia via enhancement of gluconeogenesis in the kidney proximal tubule and further highlight the importance of circadian behavior in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ansermet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Centeno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yohan Bignon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Mass Spectrometry Service, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andy Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Mass Spectrometry Service, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hikari Ai Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dmitri Firsov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Designing Light for Night Shift Workers: Application of Nonvisual Lighting Design Principles in an Industrial Production Line. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronodisruption deteriorates the health and wellbeing of shift workers. Artificial light at night and the lack of light during the day are major contributors to chronodisruption and need to be optimized in shift work scenarios. Here, we present one solution for a lighting and automation system in an industrial production workplace. The setting is a rapidly rotating shift work environment with morning, evening, and night shifts. We describe a procedure to specify the new lighting through a software-agnostic nonvisual lighting simulation for artificial and daylighting scenarios. Through this process, a new luminaire is created, called Drosa, that allows for a large melanopic stimulus range between 412 and 73 lx melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance vertically at eye level, while maintaining a neutral white illuminance at task level between 1250 and 900 lx, respectively. This is possible through a combination of glare-free spotlights with adjustable areal wing lights. An individually programmed automation system controls the light dosage and timing during the day and night. The work is relevant for other shift work scenarios, where the presented example and the discussed rationale behind the automation might provide insights. The work is further relevant for other lighting scenarios beyond industrial shift work, as the nonvisual lighting simulation process can be adapted to any context.
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10
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milton-Laskibar I, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition based on phenotypical traits and the (epi)genotype: nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approaches for obesity care. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:315-325. [PMID: 33859118 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to rationally review and critically appraise the current knowledge in the most relevant nongenetic and genetic factors influencing obesity predisposition. This information may be translated into the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches involving precision nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic strategies for obesity monitoring and weight management. RECENT FINDINGS The importance and influence of several nongenetic contributors to obesity onset and individual responses to weight-loss interventions have been highlighted including the role of age, sex or perinatal feeding and others related to an individual's lifestyle and modifiable. Nutrigenetic studies have analysed potential interactions between polymorphisms influencing energy homeostasis/body composition and dietary factors in relation to adiposity phenotypes and therapy responsiveness. A second approach comprises the Nutrigenomic analysis of gene expression modifications in response to the consumption of specific nutrients or dietary bioactive compounds, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles. SUMMARY Taken together, these findings encompass the importance of taking into account up-to-date advances in Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic hallmarks, globally analysing the risk of weight gain and related outcomes after following nutrition counselling, this contributing to improve obesity care considering phenotypical traits and the genetic make-up for precision obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Clock-Modulating Activities of the Anti-Arrhythmic Drug Moricizine. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:351-365. [PMID: 34206497 PMCID: PMC8293187 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated circadian functions contribute to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Much progress has been made on chronotherapeutic applications of drugs against cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the direct effects of various medications on the circadian system are not well characterized. We previously conducted high-throughput chemical screening for clock modulators and identified an off-patent anti-arrhythmic drug, moricizine, as a clock-period lengthening compound. In Per2:LucSV reporter fibroblast cells, we showed that under both dexamethasone and forskolin synchronization, moricizine was able to increase the circadian period length, with greater effects seen with the former. Titration studies revealed a dose-dependent effect of moricizine to lengthen the period. In contrast, flecainide, another Class I anti-arrhythmic, showed no effects on circadian reporter rhythms. Real-time qPCR analysis in fibroblast cells treated with moricizine revealed significant circadian time- and/or treatment-dependent expression changes in core clock genes, consistent with the above period-lengthening effects. Several clock-controlled cardiac channel genes also displayed altered expression patterns. Using tissue explant culture, we showed that moricizine was able to significantly prolong the period length of circadian reporter rhythms in atrial ex vivo cultures. Using wild-type C57BL/6J mice, moricizine treatment was found to promote sleep, alter circadian gene expression in the heart, and show a slight trend of increasing free-running periods. Together, these observations demonstrate novel clock-modulating activities of moricizine, particularly the period-lengthening effects on cellular oscillators, which may have clinical relevance against heart diseases.
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