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Yang A, Jing Lu H, Chang L. The impacts of early environmental adversity on cognitive functioning, body mass, and life-history behavioral profiles. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106159. [PMID: 38593638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences or exposures have a profound impact on neurophysiological, cognitive, and somatic development. Evidence across disciplines uncovers adversity-induced alternations in cortical structures, cognitive functions, and related behavioral manifestations, as well as an energetic trade-off between the brain and body. Based on the life history (LH) framework, the present research aims to explore the adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and investigate the relation between cognitive functioning and somatic energy reserve (i.e., body mass index; BMI). A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed with longitudinal self-reported, anthropometric, and task-based data drawn from a cohort of 2,607 8- to 11-year-old youths and their primary caregivers recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCDSM) study. The results showed that early environmental adversity was positively associated with fast LH behavioral profiles and negatively with cognitive functioning. Moreover, cognitive functioning mediated the relationship between adversity and fast LH behavioral profiles. Additionally, we found that early environmental adversity positively predicted BMI, which was inversely correlated with cognitive functioning. These results revealed an adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and energy-allocation pathways, and add to the existing knowledge of LH trade-off and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Weydmann G, Miguel PM, Hakim N, Dubé L, Silveira PP, Bizarro L. How are overweight and obesity associated with reinforcement learning deficits? A systematic review. Appetite 2024; 193:107123. [PMID: 37992896 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the ability to learn stimulus-response or response-outcome associations relevant to the acquisition of behavioral repertoire and adaptation to the environment. Research data from correlational and case-control studies have shown that obesity is associated with impairments in RL. The aim of the present study was to systematically review how obesity and overweight are associated with RL performance. More specifically, the relationship between high body mass index (BMI) and task performance was explored through the analysis of specific RL processes associated with different physiological, computational, and behavioral manifestations. Our systematic analyses indicate that obesity might be associated with impairments in the use of aversive outcomes to change ongoing behavior, as revealed by results involving instrumental negative reinforcement and extinction/reversal learning, but further research needs to be conducted to confirm this association. Hypotheses regarding how obesity might be associated with altered RL were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos, Postal Code 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Postal Code H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Patricia Maidana Miguel
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Postal Code H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Postal Code H3A 1A1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nour Hakim
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 George Street, Postal Code M1C 1A4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, 1001 Sherbrooke, Postal Code H3A 1G5, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, 1001 Sherbrooke, Postal Code H3A 1G5, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Postal Code H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Postal Code H3A 1A1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos, Postal Code 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. Examining the biological mechanisms of human mental disorders resulting from gene-environment interdependence using novel functional genomic approaches. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106008. [PMID: 36690304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore how functional genomics approaches that integrate datasets from human and non-human model systems can improve our understanding of the effect of gene-environment interplay on the risk for mental disorders. We start by briefly defining the G-E paradigm and its challenges and then discuss the different levels of regulation of gene expression and the corresponding data existing in humans (genome wide genotyping, transcriptomics, DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, chromosome conformational changes, non-coding RNAs, proteomics and metabolomics), discussing novel approaches to the application of these data in the study of the origins of mental health. Finally, we discuss the multilevel integration of diverse types of data. Advance in the use of functional genomics in the context of a G-E perspective improves the detection of vulnerabilities, informing the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.
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de Castro M, Martins CS, Antonini SR. Prenatal Dexamethasone Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Are We Any Closer to Considering It Safe? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:e9-e10. [PMID: 36101901 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silveira PP, More L, Gottfried C. Editorial: Gene and Environment Interactions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:893662. [PMID: 35431834 PMCID: PMC9008214 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.893662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute & Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
| | - Lorenzo More
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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