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Chen C, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhu X, Hu J, Liu C, Liu L. Epigenetic regulation of diverse regulated cell death modalities in cardiovascular disease: Insights into necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103321. [PMID: 39186883 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death constitutes a critical component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. A growing array of non-apoptotic forms of regulated cell death (RCD)-such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis-has been identified and is intimately linked to various cardiovascular conditions. These forms of RCD are governed by genetically programmed mechanisms within the cell, with epigenetic modifications being a common and crucial regulatory method. Such modifications include DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNAs. This review recaps the roles of DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, as well as the mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications regulate key proteins involved in cell death. Furthermore, we systematically catalog the existing epigenetic pharmacological agents targeting novel forms of RCD and their mechanisms of action in cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to underscore the pivotal role of epigenetic modifications in precisely regulating specific pathways of novel RCD in cardiovascular diseases, thus offering potential new therapeutic avenues that may prove more effective and safer than traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lanchun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang X, Chen X, Yin K, Zhu X. Leonurine improves atherosclerosis by activating foam cell autophagy and metabolic remodeling via METTL3-mediated AKT1S1 mRNA stability modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155939. [PMID: 39214016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease and remains the major contributor to death and mortality globally. Leonurine (LEO) is a unique alkaloid compound with protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its cardiovascular-protecting action are still not fully elucidated. The methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), the catalytic core of the N6-methyladenosine modification (m6A) methyltransferase complex, has been shown to inhibit autophagy and exacerbate the process of AS via regulation of m6A modification of mRNA. PURPOSE We aimed to determine whether the inhibited effect of LEO on AS is related to METTL3-mediated AKT1S1 stability. METHODS The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice was subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD), and THP-1 derived macrophages was exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), to establish the animal and cellular models of AS, respectively. RESULTS We found that LEO effectively improved AS and reduced the plaque area and inflammation via diminishing macrophage lipid accumulation and remodeling the lipid metabolism profile. LEO activated ox-LDL-induced macrophage autophagy, enhancing lipid metabolism decrease, according to the lipidomic and molecular biology analyses. Additionally, LEO caused a marked increase in autophagy marker levels in mouse models with advanced AS. Furthermore, we found that LEO reactivated autophagy and reversed lipid accumulation by suppressing METTL3 expression. The m6A-seq from ox-LDL-induced macrophages showed that a total of five autophagy-related mRNA transcripts (AKT1S1, AKT1, RB1CC1, CFLAR, and MTMR4) were altered, and AKT1S1 was significantly upregulated by LEO. Mechanistically, LEO-mediated regulation of METTL3 decreased AKT1S1 expression by attenuating its mRNA stability. Silencing AKT1S1 inhibited LEO-METTL3 axis-mediated autophagy and enhanced lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. CONCLUSION The study first revealed that LEO exerts anti-atherosclerotic effect by activating METTL3-mediated macrophage autophagy in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of LEO was further found to be the enhancement of METTL3-mediated AKT1S1 stability to activate autophagy thereby reducing lipid accumulation. This study provides a new perspective of natural medicines on the treatment of AS via an epigenetic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Yu
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
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Huo M, Zhang M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Hu T, Ma T, Wang Y, Yuan B, Qin H, Teng X, Yu H, Huang W, Wang Y. Prognostic analysis of patients with gastric cancer based on N 6-methyladenosine modification patterns and tumor microenvironment characterization. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1445321. [PMID: 39185313 PMCID: PMC11341457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1445321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers arise from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, compounded by gene mutations. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, regulated by methylation regulators, has been implicated in tumor proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of m6A modification patterns in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. Materials and methods In this study, we analyzed m6A modification patterns in 267 GC samples utilizing 31 m6A regulators. Using consensus clustering, we identified two unique subgroups of GC. Patients with GC were segregated into high- and low-infiltration cohorts to evaluate the infiltration proportions of the five prognostically significant immune cell types. Leveraging the differential genes in GC, we identified a "green" module via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. A risk prediction model was established using the LASSO regression method. Results The "green" module was connected to both the m6A RNA methylation cluster and immune infiltration patterns. Based on "Module Membership" and "Gene Significance", 37 hub genes were identified, and a risk prediction model incorporating nine hub genes was established. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that YTHDF1 elevated the expression of DNMT3B, which synergistically promoted the initiation and development of GC. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of DNMT3B by YTHDF1 and explored the crosstalk between m6A and 5mC modification. Conclusion m6A RNA methylation regulators are instrumental in malignant progression and the dynamics of tumor microenvironment infiltration of GC. Assessing m6A modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in patients with GC holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li C, Liu L, Li S, Liu YS. N 6-Methyladenosine in Vascular Aging and Related Diseases: Clinical Perspectives. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1447-1473. [PMID: 37815911 PMCID: PMC11272212 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to progressive deterioration of the structure and function of arteries, which eventually contributes to the development of vascular aging-related diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This reversible m6A RNA modification is dynamically regulated by writers, erasers, and readers, playing a critical role in various physiological and pathological conditions by affecting almost all stages of the RNA life cycle. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of m6A in vascular aging and related diseases, shedding light on its potential clinical significance. In this paper, we comprehensively discuss the current understanding of m6A in vascular aging and its clinical implications. We discuss the molecular insights into m6A and its association with clinical realities, emphasizing its significance in unraveling the mechanisms underlying vascular aging. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of m6A and its regulators as clinical indicators for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction and investigate the therapeutic potential of m6A-associated anti-aging approaches. We also examine the challenges and future directions in this field and highlight the necessity of integrating m6A knowledge into patient-centered care. Finally, we emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to advance the field of m6A research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li Y, Yang Y, Niu Y, Li Y, Hu Z, Sun S, Chen Y, Hu B, Huang Y, Deng X. The role of WTAP in regulating macrophage-mediated osteoimmune responses and tissue regeneration in periodontitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1423378. [PMID: 39081311 PMCID: PMC11286459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, delineated by the destruction of structures that support teeth, is predominantly propelled by intricate immune responses. Immunomodulatory treatments offer considerable promise for the management of this ailment; however, the modulation of the periodontal immune microenvironment to facilitate tissue regeneration presents a substantial biomedical challenge. Herein, our study investigates the role of Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), a critical m6A methyltransferase, in the immunomodulation of periodontitis and assesses its viability as a therapeutic target. We observed heightened expression of WTAP in macrophages extracted from gingival tissues impacted by periodontitis, with a strong association with M1 polarization. Via loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrated that diminishing WTAP expression precipitates a transition from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes amidst inflammatory conditions, thus improving the periodontal immune landscape. Further, RNA sequencing and indirect co-culture assays indicated that suppressing of WTAP expression modulates osteoimmune responses and enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. The local deployment of adeno-associated virus-shWTAP in murine models of periodontitis robustly validated the therapeutic promise of targeting WTAP in this disease. Collectively, our findings highlight the crucial role of WTAP in orchestrating macrophage-mediated osteoimmune responses and tissue regeneration in periodontitis, proposing novel avenues for immunotherapeutic interventions in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Li
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Zhewen Hu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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Berggren KA, Schwartz RE, Kleiner RE, Ploss A. The impact of epitranscriptomic modifications on liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:331-346. [PMID: 38212234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of gene regulation. Developmental, metabolic, and cell cycle regulatory processes are all affected by epitranscriptomic modifications, which control gene expression in a dynamic manner. The hepatic tissue is highly metabolically active and has an impressive ability to regenerate after injury. Cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, which are all essential to the liver response to injury and regeneration, are regulated via RNA modification. Two such modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A)and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), have been identified as prognostic disease markers and potential therapeutic targets for liver diseases. Here, we describe progress in understanding the role of RNA modifications in liver biology and disease and discuss specific areas where unexpected results could lead to improved future understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Berggren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ralph E Kleiner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Liu WW, Zheng SQ, Li T, Fei YF, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang F, Jiang GM, Wang H. RNA modifications in cellular metabolism: implications for metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:70. [PMID: 38531882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is an intricate network satisfying bioenergetic and biosynthesis requirements of cells. Relevant studies have been constantly making inroads in our understanding of pathophysiology, and inspiring development of therapeutics. As a crucial component of epigenetics at post-transcription level, RNA modification significantly determines RNA fates, further affecting various biological processes and cellular phenotypes. To be noted, immunometabolism defines the metabolic alterations occur on immune cells in different stages and immunological contexts. In this review, we characterize the distribution features, modifying mechanisms and biological functions of 8 RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), Pseudouridine (Ψ), adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, which are relatively the most studied types. Then regulatory roles of these RNA modification on metabolism in diverse health and disease contexts are comprehensively described, categorized as glucose, lipid, amino acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. And we highlight the regulation of RNA modifications on immunometabolism, further influencing immune responses. Above all, we provide a thorough discussion about clinical implications of RNA modification in metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, progression of RNA modification-targeted agents, and its potential in RNA-targeted therapeutics. Eventually, we give legitimate perspectives for future researches in this field from methodological requirements, mechanistic insights, to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Qing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Fei Fei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Wu J, Pan J, Zhou W, Ji G, Dang Y. The role of N6-methyladenosine in macrophage polarization: A novel treatment strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116145. [PMID: 38198958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modifications, as a widespread type of modification in eukaryotic cells, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are associated with many activities in organisms, including macrophage polarization and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Macrophages in the liver are of diverse origin and complex phenotype, exhibiting different functions in development of NASH. In the review, we discuss the functions of m6A and m6A-related enzymes in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we retrospect the role of macrophage polarization in NASH. Finally, we discuss the prospects of m6A in macrophages and NASH, and provide guidance for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiashu Pan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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He D, Xu Y, Liu M, Cui L. The Inflammatory Puzzle: Piecing together the Links between Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:96-114. [PMID: 37307819 PMCID: PMC10796096 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that has a complex genetic basis. Through advancements in genetic screening, researchers have identified more than 40 mutant genes associated with ALS, some of which impact immune function. Neuroinflammation, with abnormal activation of immune cells and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of ALS. In this review, we examine recent evidence on the involvement of ALS-associated mutant genes in immune dysregulation, with a specific focus on the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-mediated immune regulation in the context of neurodegeneration. We also discuss the perturbation of immune cell homeostasis in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in ALS. Furthermore, we explore the advancements made in the emerging genetic and cell-based therapies for ALS. This review underscores the complex relationship between ALS and neuroinflammation, highlighting the potential to identify modifiable factors for therapeutic intervention. A deeper understanding of the connection between neuroinflammation and the risk of ALS is crucial for advancing effective treatments for this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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Cao F, Chen G, Xu Y, Wang X, Tang X, Zhang W, Song X, Yang X, Zeng W, Xie J. METTL14 contributes to acute lung injury by stabilizing NLRP3 expression in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:43. [PMID: 38218935 PMCID: PMC10787837 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) as well as its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), frequently leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was associated with the progression of several inflammatory diseases. However, the role of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14)-mediated m6A methylation in ALI/ARDS remains unclear. Here, we reported an increase in overall expression levels of m6A and METTL14 in circulating monocyte-derived macrophages recruited to the lung following ALI, which is correlated with the severity of lung injury. We further demonstrated the critical function of METTL14 in activating NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in vitro and in mouse models of ALI/ARDS, and validated NLRP3 as the downstream target of METTL14 by the m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and RIP assays. Mechanistically, METTL14-methylated NLRP3 transcripts were subsequently recognized by insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), an m6A reader, which stabilized NLRP3 mRNA. Furthermore, we observed that IGF2BP2 knockdown diminished LPS-induced ALI in mice by downregulating NLRP3 expression. In summation, our study revealed that the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS involves METTL14-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in an IGF2BP2 dependent manner, thereby demonstrating the potential of METTL14 and IGF2BP2 as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaole Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jingdun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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11
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Gan Z, Zhao M, Xia Y, Yan Y, Ren W. Carbon metabolism in the regulation of macrophage functions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:62-73. [PMID: 37778898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon metabolism, including one-carbon (1C) metabolism and central carbon metabolism (CCM), provides energy for the cell and generates metabolites with signaling activities. The regulation of macrophage polarization involves complex signals and includes an epigenetic level. Epigenetic modifications through changes in carbon metabolism allow macrophages to respond in a timely manner to their environment and adapt to metabolic demands during macrophage polarization. Here we summarize the current understanding of the crosstalk between carbon metabolism and epigenetic modifications in macrophages under physiological conditions and in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provide targets and further directions for macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Zhi D, Zhou K, Liu S, Yu W, Dong M, Yan C. METTL3/YTHDF1 m 6A axis promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing DDR2 expression in ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155047. [PMID: 38154356 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. Therefore, it is urgent to determine the molecular mechanism of ovarian cancer progression. As the most prevalent modification of messenger RNA (mRNA), N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification is recognized as a key regulatory role in the progression of various tumors. However, the specific role of m6A and its related regulatory pathways in ovarian cancer (OV) remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the METTL3/YTHDF1 m6A axis plays an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer. Depletion of METTL3/YTHDF1 impaired cancer proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, The METTL3/YTHDF1 m6A axis directly binds to the mRNA of DDR2, thereby promoting the expression levels of the tumor promoter DDR2 and thus contributing to the progression of ovarian cancer. Collectively, our findings on the METTL3/YTHDF1/DDR2 m6A axis provide the insight into the underlying mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 235, Hashuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Jiamusi Medical Insurance Bureau Hospital, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Caichuan Yan
- Department of Cancer Molecular and Biology, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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13
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Xu Y, Wang L, Qian R, Zhao M, Chen X, Sun D, Wang Y, Cheng W, Chen Y, He Q, Dai Y, Yao Y. Increased m6A-RNA methylation and demethylase FTO suppression is associated with silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Toxicology 2023; 500:153673. [PMID: 37979906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a severe worldwide occupational hazard, characterized with lung tissue inflammation and irreversible fibrosis caused by crystalline silicon dioxide. As the most common and abundant internal modification of messenger RNAs or noncoding RNAs, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is dysregulated in the chromic period of silicosis. However, whether m6A modification is involved in the early phase of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and its specific effector cells remains unknown. In this study, we established a pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis mouse model by silica particles on day 7 and day 28. Then, we examined the global m6A modification level by m6A dot blot and m6A RNA methylation quantification kits. The key m6A regulatory factors were analyzed by RTqPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal and silicosis mice. The results showed that the global m6A modification level was upregulated in silicosis lung tissues with the demethylase FTO suppression after silica exposure for 7 days and 28 days. METTL3, METTL14, ALKBH5, and other m6A readers had no obvious differences between the control and silicosis groups. Then, single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that thirteen kinds of cells were recognized in silicosis lung tissues, and the mRNA expression of FTO was downregulated in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. These results were further confirmed in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) exposed to silica and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of silicosis patients. In conclusion, the high level of global m6A modification in the early stage of silicosis is induced by the downregulation of the demethylase FTO, which may provide a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xu
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuxi Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weibo Cheng
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Clinical Lab, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiurong He
- Department of Clinical Lab, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Urology and Pelvic surgery and Andrology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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14
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You L, Han Z, Chen H, Chen L, Lin Y, Wang B, Fan Y, Zhang M, Luo J, Peng F, Ma Y, Wang Y, Yuan L, Han Z. The role of N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) in kidney diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1247690. [PMID: 37841018 PMCID: PMC10569431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1247690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications are a specific and efficient way to regulate the function of biological macromolecules. Among them, RNA molecules exhibit a variety of modifications that play important regulatory roles in various biological processes. More than 170 modifications have been identified in RNA molecules, among which the most common internal modifications include N6-methyladenine (m6A), n1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and 7-methylguanine nucleotide (m7G). The most widely affected RNA modification is m6A, whose writers, readers, and erasers all have regulatory effects on RNA localization, splicing, translation, and degradation. These functions, in turn, affect RNA functionality and disease development. RNA modifications, especially m6A, play a unique role in renal cell carcinoma disease. In this manuscript, we will focus on the biological roles of m6A in renal diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, diabetic kidney disease, and renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling You
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Science and Education Department, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuyan Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjian Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyue Fan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Luo
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Žaloudíková M. Mechanisms and Effects of Macrophage Polarization and Its Specifics in Pulmonary Environment. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S137-S156. [PMID: 37565418 PMCID: PMC10660583 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a specific group of cells found in all body tissues. They have specific characteristics in each of the tissues that correspond to the functional needs of the specific environment. These cells are involved in a wide range of processes, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ("wound healing"). This is due to their specific capacity for so-called polarization, a phenotypic change that is, moreover, partially reversible compared to other differentiated cells of the human body. This promises a wide range of possibilities for its influence and thus therapeutic use. In this article, we therefore review the mechanisms that cause polarization, the basic classification of polarized macrophages, their characteristic markers and the effects that accompany these phenotypic changes. Since the study of pulmonary (and among them mainly alveolar) macrophages is currently the focus of scientific interest of many researchers and these macrophages are found in very specific environments, given mainly by the extremely high partial pressure of oxygen compared to other locations, which specifically affects their behavior, we will focus our review on this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Zhang H, Gu Y, Gang Q, Huang J, Xiao Q, Ha X. N6-methyladenosine RNA modification: an emerging molecule in type 2 diabetes metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166756. [PMID: 37484964 PMCID: PMC10360191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with an increasing rate of incidence worldwide. Despite the considerable progress in the prevention and intervention, T2D and its complications cannot be reversed easily after diagnosis, thereby necessitating an in-depth investigation of the pathophysiology. In recent years, the role of epigenetics has been increasingly demonstrated in the disease, of which N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common post-transcriptional modifications. Interestingly, patients with T2D show a low m6A abundance. Thus, a comprehensive analysis and understanding of this phenomenon would improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, as well as the search for new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for T2D. In this review, we systematically introduced the metabolic roles of m6A modification in organs, the metabolic signaling pathways involved, and the effects of clinical drugs on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiaojian Gang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ha
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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