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Gan Z, Guo Y, Zhao M, Ye Y, Liao Y, Liu B, Yin J, Zhou X, Yan Y, Yin Y, Ren W. Excitatory amino acid transporter supports inflammatory macrophage responses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00211-1. [PMID: 38614854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are responsible for excitatory amino acid transportation and are associated with auto-immune diseases in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. However, the subcellular location and function of EAAT2 in macrophages are still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS stimulation increases expression of EAAT2 (coded by Slc1a2) via NF-κB signaling. EAAT2 is necessary for inflammatory macrophage polarization through sustaining mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, lysosomal EAAT2 mediates lysosomal glutamate and aspartate efflux to maintain V-ATPase activation, which sustains macropinocytosis and mTORC1. We also found that mice with myeloid depletion of Slc1a2 show alleviated inflammatory responses in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and high-fat diet induced obesity. Notably, patients with type II diabetes (T2D) have a higher level of expression of lysosomal EAAT2 and activation of mTORC1 in blood macrophages. Taken together, our study links the subcellular location of amino acid transporters with the fate decision of immune cells, which provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuexia Liao
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Wang C, Chen Q, Chen S, Fan L, Gan Z, Zhao M, Shi L, Bin P, Yang G, Zhou X, Ren W. Serine synthesis sustains macrophage IL-1β production via NAD +-dependent protein acetylation. Mol Cell 2024; 84:744-759.e6. [PMID: 38266638 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Serine metabolism is involved in the fate decisions of immune cells; however, whether and how de novo serine synthesis shapes innate immune cell function remain unknown. Here, we first demonstrated that inflammatory macrophages have high expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo serine synthesis) via nuclear factor κB signaling. Notably, the pharmacological inhibition or genetic modulation of PHGDH limits macrophage interleukin (IL)-1β production through NAD+ accumulation and subsequent NAD+-dependent SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression and activity. Mechanistically, PHGDH not only sustains IL-1β expression through H3K9/27 acetylation-mediated transcriptional activation of Toll-like receptor 4 but also supports IL-1β maturation via NLRP3-K21/22/24/ASC-K21/22/24 acetylation-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, mice with myeloid-specific depletion of Phgdh show alleviated inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. This study reveals a network by which a metabolic enzyme, involved in de novo serine synthesis, mediates post-translational modifications and epigenetic regulation to orchestrate IL-1β production, providing a potential inflammatory disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lexuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Gan Z, Zhao M, Xia Y, Yan Y, Ren W. Carbon metabolism in the regulation of macrophage functions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:62-73. [PMID: 37778898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon metabolism, including one-carbon (1C) metabolism and central carbon metabolism (CCM), provides energy for the cell and generates metabolites with signaling activities. The regulation of macrophage polarization involves complex signals and includes an epigenetic level. Epigenetic modifications through changes in carbon metabolism allow macrophages to respond in a timely manner to their environment and adapt to metabolic demands during macrophage polarization. Here we summarize the current understanding of the crosstalk between carbon metabolism and epigenetic modifications in macrophages under physiological conditions and in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provide targets and further directions for macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Fan L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Han D, Liu Y, Li J, Fu J, Wang L, Gan Z, Liu B, Fu J, Zhu C, Wu Z, Zhao J, Han H, Wu H, He Y, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zong X, Yin J, Zhou X, Yang X, Wang J, Yin Y, Ren W. Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity. Sci China Life Sci 2023; 66:2466-2514. [PMID: 37286860 PMCID: PMC10247344 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nutrients and the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and entrain each other, and thus affect host health and immune-mediated diseases. Here, we systematically review the current understanding linking dietary nutrients to gut microbiota-host immune interactions, emphasizing how this axis might influence host immunity in health and diseases. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youxia Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Fu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhending Gan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Han
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Xin Zong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China.
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Gan Z, Li X. First records of the rare shrimp family Disciadidae from Chinese waters with description of a new species. The European Zoological Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Gan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - X. Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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6
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Ma Q, Long S, Gan Z, Tettamanti G, Li K, Tian L. Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030441. [PMID: 35159248 PMCID: PMC8833990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a widely conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in a series of physiological and pathological events, including development, immunity, neurodegenerative disease, and tumorigenesis. It is regulated by nutrient deprivation, energy stress, and other unfavorable conditions through multiple pathways. In general, autophagy is synergistically governed at the RNA and protein levels. The upstream transcription factors trigger or inhibit the expression of autophagy- or lysosome-related genes to facilitate or reduce autophagy. Moreover, a significant number of non-coding RNAs (microRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA) are reported to participate in autophagy regulation. Finally, post-transcriptional modifications, such as RNA methylation, play a key role in controlling autophagy occurrence. In this review, we summarize the progress on autophagy research regarding transcriptional regulation, which will provide the foundations and directions for future studies on this self-eating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihui Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Zhending Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.T.)
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7
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Gan Z, Zhang M, Xie D, Wu X, Hong C, Fu J, Fan L, Wang S, Han S. Glycinergic Signaling in Macrophages and Its Application in Macrophage-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762564. [PMID: 34675940 PMCID: PMC8523992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences support that amino acids direct the fate decision of immune cells. Glycine is a simple structural amino acid acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Besides, glycine receptors as well as glycine transporters are found in macrophages, indicating that glycine alters the functions of macrophages besides as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Mechanistically, glycine shapes macrophage polarization via cellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, NRF2, and Akt) and microRNAs. Moreover, glycine has beneficial effects in preventing and/or treating macrophage-associated diseases such as colitis, NAFLD and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Collectively, this review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xie
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Hong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sufang Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Niu Y, Zhao Y, He J, Yun Y, Shen M, Gan Z, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:667-678. [PMID: 34430721 PMCID: PMC8361298 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongwei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jintian He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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9
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Wu J, Li Y, Yu J, Gan Z, Wei W, Wang C, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhong X. Resveratrol Attenuates High-Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis Disorder and Decreases m 6A RNA Methylation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568006. [PMID: 33519432 PMCID: PMC7845411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation is affected by dietary factors and associated with lipid metabolism; however, whether the regulatory role of resveratrol in lipid metabolism is involved in m6A mRNA methylation remains unknown. Here, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on hepatic lipid metabolism and m6A RNA methylation in the liver of mice. Methods: A total of 24 male mice were randomly allocated to LFD (low-fat diet), LFDR (low-fat diet + resveratrol), HFD (high-fat diet), and HFDR (high-fat diet + resveratrol) groups for 12 weeks (n = 6/group). Final body weight of mice was measured before sacrificing. Perirhemtric fat, abdominal and epididymal fat, liver tissues, and serum were collected at sacrifice and analyzed. Briefly, mice phenotype, lipid metabolic index, and m6A modification in the liver were assessed. Results: Compared to the HFD group, dietary resveratrol supplementation reduced the body weight and relative abdominal, epididymal, and perirhemtric fat weight in high-fat-exposed mice; however, resveratrol significantly increased average daily feed intake in mice given HFD. The amounts of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), liver total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TAG) were significantly decreased by resveratrol supplementation. In addition, resveratrol significantly enhanced the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ), cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 10/14 (CYP4A10/14), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA and inhibited acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA levels in the liver. Furthermore, the resveratrol in HFD increased the transcript levels of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO), and YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2), whereas it decreased the level of YTH domain family 3 (YTHDF3) and m6A abundance in mice liver. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of resveratrol on lipid metabolism disorder under HFD may be due to decrease of m6A RNA methylation and increase of PPARα mRNA, providing mechanistic insights into the function of resveratrol in alleviating the disturbance of lipid metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zhao Y, Niu Y, He J, Gan Z, Ji S, Zhang L, Wang C, Wang T. Effects of dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation on growth performance, hepatic inflammation, and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13363. [PMID: 32219939 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on growth performance, hepatic inflammation, and lipid metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)-affected weaned piglets. Eight piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and 16 IUGR-affected piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (NBW and IUGR groups) or the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg DHA (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 day of age. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 49. DHA supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised growth performance and liver damage in IUGR-affected piglets. Additionally, DHA supplementation decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), very-low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. In the liver, the concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, triglycerides, and NEFA were decreased. Fatty acid synthesis was decreased by DHA supplementation, whereas the activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase were increased. Dietary DHA supplementation led to upregulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway-related genes, whereas that of inflammatory factor-related genes were downregulated. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 80 mg/kg DHA can alleviate IUGR-induced impairments in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintian He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Gan Z, Zhuo R, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhong X. Resveratrol Attenuates Aflatoxin B 1-Induced ROS Formation and Increase of m 6A RNA Methylation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040677. [PMID: 32294948 PMCID: PMC7222704 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly hepatotoxic in both animals and humans. Resveratrol, a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory functions and plays a critical role in preventing liver damage. However, whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation, which plays critical roles in regulating gene expression for fundamental cellular processes, is associated with the protective effects of resveratrol in attenuating aflatoxin B1 induced toxicity is unclear. Here, we found that AFB1-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation changed m6A modification, and the role of resveratrol in alleviating the effect on hepatic disorder induced by aflatoxin B1 may be due to the removal of ROS, followed by the decreased abundance of m6A modification, and ultimately exerting its protective role in the liver. Together, this work provides key insights into the potential avenues for the treatment of AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity and other relevant liver diseases. Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins in both humans and animals. Regulation of resveratrol is essential for the inhibition of AFB1-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. Whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation participates in the crosstalk between resveratrol and AFB1 is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AFB1 and resveratrol in m6A RNA methylation and their crosstalk in the regulation of hepatic function in mice. Thirty-two C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to a CON (basal diet), RES (basal diet + 500 mg/kg resveratrol), AFB1 (basal diet + 600 μg/kg aflatoxin B1), and ARE (basal diet + 500 mg/kg resveratrol and 600 μg/kg aflatoxin B1) group for 4 weeks of feeding (n = 8/group). Briefly, redox status, apoptosis, and m6A modification in the liver were assessed. Compared to the CON group, the AFB1 group showed increased activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), prevalent vacuolization and cell edema, abnormal redox status, imbalance apoptosis, and especially, the higher expression of cleaved-caspase-3 protein. On the contrary, resveratrol ameliorated adverse hepatic function, via increasing hepatic antioxidative capacity and inhibiting the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 protein. Importantly, we noted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) content could be responsible for the alterations of m6A modification. Compared to the CON group, the AFB1 group elevated the ROS accumulation, which led to the augment in m6A modification, whereas dietary resveratrol supplementation decreased ROS, followed by the reduction of m6A levels. In conclusion, our findings indicated that resveratrol decreased AFB1-induced ROS accumulation, consequently contributing to the alterations of m6A modification, and eventually impacting on the hepatic function.
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Wu J, Frazier K, Zhang J, Gan Z, Wang T, Zhong X. Emerging role of m 6 A RNA methylation in nutritional physiology and metabolism. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12942. [PMID: 31475777 PMCID: PMC7427634 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent type of internal RNA methylation in eukaryotic mRNA and plays critical roles in regulating gene expression for fundamental cellular processes and diverse physiological functions. Recent evidence indicates that m6 A methylation regulates physiology and metabolism, and m6 A has been increasingly implicated in a variety of human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Conversely, nutrition and diet can modulate or reverse m6 A methylation patterns on gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of the m6 A methylation mechanisms and highlight the crosstalk between m6 A modification, nutritional physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Gan Z, Wei W, Wu J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhong X. Resveratrol and Curcumin Improve Intestinal Mucosal Integrity and Decrease m 6A RNA Methylation in the Intestine of Weaning Piglets. ACS Omega 2019; 4:17438-17446. [PMID: 31656916 PMCID: PMC6812108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification on eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). Resveratrol and curcumin, which can exert many health-protective effects, may have a relationship with m6A RNA methylation. We hypothesized that the combination of resveratrol and curcumin could affect growth performance, intestinal mucosal integrity, m6A RNA methylation, and gene expression in weaning piglets. One hundred and eighty piglets weaned at 28 ± 2 days were fed a control diet or supplementary diets (300 mg/kg of antibiotics; 300 mg/kg of each resveratrol and curcumin; 100 mg/kg of each resveratrol and curcumin; 300 mg/kg of resveratrol; 300 mg/kg of curcumin) for 28 days. The results showed that the combination of resveratrol and curcumin improved growth performance and enhanced intestinal mucosal integrity and functions in weaning piglets. Resveratrol and curcumin also increased intestinal antioxidative capacity and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, resveratrol and curcumin decreased the content of m6A and decreased the enrichment of m6A on the transcripts of tight junction proteins and on heme oxygenase-1 in the intestine. Our findings indicated that the combination of resveratrol and curcumin increased growth performance, enhanced intestine function, and protected piglet health, which may be associated with changes in m6A methylation and gene expression, suggesting that curcumin and resveratrol may be a potential natural alternative to antibiotics.
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Chen Z, Lin S, Duan J, Luo Y, Wang S, Gan Z, Yi H, Wu T, Huang S, Zhang Q, Lv H. Immunogenicity and safety of an accelerated hepatitis E vaccination schedule in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, open-label, phase IV trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1133-1139. [PMID: 30711651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a hepatitis E (HE) vaccine using an accelerated vaccination schedule (vaccine doses at 0, 7 and 21 days). METHODS A total of 126 participants aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned to receive the hepatitis E virus vaccine in either the accelerated group (0, 7 and 21 days) or the routine group (0, 1 and 6 months). Serology samples were obtained at 0, 21, 28 and 51 days, and 7 months in the accelerated group, or 0, 1, 2 and 7 months in the routine group after the first vaccine injection. Adverse events (AEs) reported during the whole study were analysed. RESULTS A total of 126 participants were randomized, 63 for each group. Sixty-two participants in the accelerated group and 63 in the routine group received at least one dose of vaccine; 57 and 63 participants received all three doses and were included in per-protocol set, respectively. In the per-protocol population, at 1 month after the last dose (accelerated group at 51 days versus routine group at 7 months), the seropositive rates were both 100% (57/57 and 63/63, respectively), and the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 8.51 WHO units/mL (95% CI 6.73-10.76) in the accelerated group and 9.67 WHO units/mL (95% CI 7.67-12.20) in the routine group. The ratio of the accelerated group GMC to the routine group GMC was 0.88 (95% CI 0.61-2.17, lower limit of 95% CI > 0.5), indicating that the accelerated vaccination schedule was non-inferior to the routine one. The overall incidence rates of solicited AEs in the accelerated and routine groups were 32.26% (20/62) and 30.16% (19/63), respectively (p 0.800). Most AEs were moderate. CONCLUSIONS An accelerated schedule is safe and provides protective antibodies in a shorter time compared with the routine schedule. The accelerated schedule should be recommended to adults who are travelling on short notice to an HE-endemic area or during an HE outbreak (Clinical Trial Registration. NCT03168412).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Lin
- Xiamen INNOVAX Biotech CO.Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - J Duan
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Changshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Y Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Gan
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Yi
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Changshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - T Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Q Zhang
- Xiamen INNOVAX Biotech CO.Ltd, Xiamen, China.
| | - H Lv
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
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Du H, Gan Z, Ma W, Tang X. 247 Regulation of Iron Homeostasis in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Limits the Availability of Iron for Bacteria. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Du
- ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY,Hangzhou, China (People’s Republic)
| | - Z Gan
- ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY,Hangzhou, China (People’s Republic)
| | - W Ma
- ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY,Hangzhou, China (People’s Republic)
| | - X Tang
- ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY,Hangzhou, China (People’s Republic)
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Marple MAT, Hung I, Gan Z, Sen S. Structural and Topological Evolution in Si xSe 1-x Glasses: Results from 1D and 2D 29Si and 77Se NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4283-4292. [PMID: 28368598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordination environments of Si and Se atoms and their connectivity in binary SixSe1-x glasses with 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.33 are investigated using a combination of one- and two-dimensional 29Si and 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy. The high-resolution correlated isotropic and anisotropic 29Si and 77Se NMR spectra allow for the identification and quantitation of a variety of Si and Se environments. The results suggest that the structure of these glasses are characterized by a network with essentially perfect short-range chemical order, but with strong clustering at the intermediate range. Initial addition of Si to Se results in cross-linking of Se chain segments with nanoclusters of corner- and edge-shared SiSe4/2 tetrahedra. These clusters percolate via coalescence near x ≥ 0.2 to finally form a low-dimensional network with high molar volume, at the stoichiometric composition (x = 0.33) that is composed of chains of edge-sharing tetrahedra cross-linked by corner-shared tetrahedra. This structural evolution is shown to be consistent with the compositional variation of the glass transition temperature and the molar volume of these glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A T Marple
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - I Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Z Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - S Sen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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17
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Huang Y, Cai J, Wang B, Tang JF, Jian JC, Wu ZH, Gan Z, Lu YS. Molecular cloning and characterization of lymphocyte cell kinase from humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus). J Fish Dis 2016; 39:809-819. [PMID: 26660470 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte cell kinase (LCK) belongs to the Src family of tyrosine kinases, which involves in the proliferation control of lymphocytes. In this study, we cloned the LCK gene of humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus) (designed as LsLCK). Sequence analysis showed that the full-length cDNA of LsLCK was 2279 bp, contained a 1506-bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 501 amino acids. The deduced amino acid possessed the typical structural features of known LCK proteins, including four Src homology (SH) domains arranged as the SH1 domain followed by a regulatory C-terminal tail (COOH-domain), SH2 and SH3 adapter domains and SH4 domain which required for membrane attachment and CD4/CD8 binding. Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that LsLCK transcripts were expressed mainly in thymus, spleen and head kidney in healthy fish. Moreover, the mRNA expressions in these tissues were significantly up-regulated after challenge with Vibrio harveyi. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that LsLCK protein localized distinctly in cytoplasm of cell in thymus, spleen and head kidney. Taken together, these findings indicated that LsLCK may play an important role in the immune response of humphead snapper against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - J Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - B Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - J-F Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - J-C Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Z-H Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Z Gan
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Y-S Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
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Bi B, Xiao X, Zhang H, Gao J, Tao M, Niu H, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen C, Sun N, Li K, Fu J, Gan Z, Sang W, Zhang G, Yang L, Tian T, Li Q, Yang Q, Sun L, Li Y, Rong H, Guan C, Zhao X, Ye D, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Li H, He K, Chen J, Cai Y, Zhou C, Luo Y, Wang S, Gao S, Liu J, Guo L, Guan J, Kang Z, Di D, Li Y, Shi S, Li Y, Chen Y, Flint J, Kendler K, Liu Y. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of women with recurrent major depression with and without suicidal symptomatology. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2591-2598. [PMID: 22716960 PMCID: PMC3488812 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200058x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between recurrent major depression (MD) in women and suicidality is complex. We investigated the extent to which patients who suffered with various forms of suicidal symptomatology can be distinguished from those subjects without such symptoms. METHOD We examined the clinical features of the worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent DSM-IV MD between the ages of 30 and 60 years from across China. Student's t tests, and logistic and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between suicidality and other clinical features of MD. RESULTS Suicidal symptomatology is significantly associated with a more severe form of MD, as indexed by both the number of episodes and number of MD symptoms. Patients reporting suicidal thoughts, plans or attempts experienced a significantly greater number of stressful life events. The depressive symptom most strongly associated with lifetime suicide attempt was feelings of worthlessness (odds ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval 2.9-6.3). Excessive guilt, diminished concentration and impaired decision-making were also significantly associated with a suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the existing literature on risk factors for suicidal symptomatology in depressed women. Identifying specific depressive symptoms and co-morbid psychiatric disorders may help improve the clinical assessment of suicide risk in depressed patients. These findings could be helpful in identifying those who need more intense treatment strategies in order to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bi
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - X. Xiao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - H. Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - J. Gao
- ZheJiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, PRC
| | - M. Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PRC
| | - H. Niu
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PRC
| | - Y. Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shan Dong, PRC
| | - Q. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC
| | - C. Chen
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaan Xi, PRC
| | - N. Sun
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, PRC
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, PRC
| | - J. Fu
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, PRC
| | - Z. Gan
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangdong, PRC
| | - W. Sang
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Zhang
- No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiang Su, PRC
| | - L. Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Jilin, PRC
| | - T. Tian
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Q. Li
- No. 1 Mental Health Center Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Q. Yang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, PRC
| | - L. Sun
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Henan, PRC
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian No. 7 People's Hospital and Dalian Mental Health Center, Dalian, PRC
| | - H. Rong
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - C. Guan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Jiang Su, PRC
| | - X. Zhao
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PRC
| | - D. Ye
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Y. Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, PRC
| | - Z. Ma
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PRC
| | - H. Li
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Si Chuan, PRC
| | - K. He
- Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - J. Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Y. Cai
- Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - C. Zhou
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Hubei, PRC
| | - Y. Luo
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - S. Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - S. Gao
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - J. Liu
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - L. Guo
- The Fourth Military Medical University Affiliated Xijing Hospital, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - J. Guan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital/Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Z. Kang
- No. 4 People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Shandong, PRC
| | - D. Di
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Shandong, PRC
| | - Yajuan Li
- Xian Mental Health Center, Xian, Shanxi, PRC
| | - S. Shi
- Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Y. Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Richard Doll Building, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Y. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
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Cong E, Li Y, Shao C, Chen J, Wu W, Shang X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Gao C, Li Y, Wu J, Deng H, Liu J, Sang W, Liu G, Rong H, Gan Z, Li L, Li K, Pan J, Li Y, Cui Y, Sun L, Liu L, Liu H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Chen Y, Wang X, Li H, Chen Y, Lin Y, Kendler KS, Flint J, Shi S. Childhood sexual abuse and the risk for recurrent major depression in Chinese women. Psychol Med 2012; 42:409-417. [PMID: 21835095 PMCID: PMC3250087 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in Western countries have repeatedly shown that women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk for developing major depression (MD). Would this relationship be found in China? METHOD Three levels of CSA (non-genital, genital, and intercourse) were assessed by self-report in two groups of Han Chinese women: 1970 clinically ascertained with recurrent MD and 2597 matched controls. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression and regression coefficients by linear or Poisson regression. RESULTS Any form of CSA was significantly associated with recurrent MD [OR 3.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-5.45]. This association strengthened with increasing CSA severity: non-genital (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.17-5.23), genital (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.32-5.83) and intercourse (OR 13.35, 95% CI 1.83-97.42). The association between any form of CSA and MD remained significant after accounting for parental history of depression, childhood emotional neglect (CEN), childhood physical abuse (CPA) and parent-child relationship. Among the depressed women, those with CSA had an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes and an increased risk for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.39-2.66) and dysthymia (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.52-3.09). CONCLUSIONS In Chinese women CSA is strongly associated with MD and this association increases with greater severity of CSA. Depressed women with CSA have an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes and increased co-morbidity with GAD and dysthymia. Although reporting biases cannot be ruled out, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that, as in Western countries, CSA substantially increases the risk for MD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Cong
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Y. Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - C. Shao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - J. Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - W. Wu
- Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - X. Shang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Z. Wang
- No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y. Liu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - L. Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - C. Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Y. Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - J. Wu
- No. 1 Mental Health Centre Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - H. Deng
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - J. Liu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - W. Sang
- Hebei Mental Health Centre, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - G. Liu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - H. Rong
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Luo Hu, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Z. Gan
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - L. Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - J. Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Y. Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Y. Cui
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - L. Sun
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - L. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, He Ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - H. Liu
- Dalian No. 7 People's Hospital and Dalian Mental Health Centre, Gan Jing Zi District, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - X. Zhao
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P.R. China
| | - R. Zhang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Y. Chen
- The Fourth Military Medical University affiliated Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - X. Wang
- No. 4 People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - H. Li
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital/Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Li Wan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Y. Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Richard Doll Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Y. Lin
- Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Shi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Qu X, Liang P, Wang Z, Zhang R, Sun D, Gong X, Gan Z, Bi J. Pilot Development of Polygeneration Process of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion combined with Coal Pyrolysis. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Trebosc J, Hu B, Amoureux JP, Gan Z. Through-space R3-HETCOR experiments between spin-1/2 and half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in solid-state NMR. J Magn Reson 2007; 186:220-7. [PMID: 17379553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present several new methods that allow to obtain through-space 2D HETCOR spectra between spin-1/2 and half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in the solid state. These methods use the rotary-resonance concept to create hetero-nuclear coherences through the dipolar interaction instead of scalar coupling into the HMQC and refocused INEPT experiments for spin n/2 (n>1). In opposite to those based on the cross-polarization transfer to quadrupolar nuclei, the methods are very robust and easy to set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trebosc
- UCCS, CNRS-8181, Université de Lille, FR-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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23
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Delevoye L, Trébosc J, Gan Z, Montagne L, Amoureux JP. Resolution enhancement using a new multiple-pulse decoupling sequence for quadrupolar nuclei. J Magn Reson 2007; 186:94-9. [PMID: 17303456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new decoupling composite pulse sequence is proposed to remove the broadening on spin S=1/2 magic-angle spinning (MAS) spectra arising from the scalar coupling with a quadrupolar nucleus I. It is illustrated on the (31)P spectrum of an aluminophosphate, AlPO(4)-14, which is broadened by the presence of (27)Al/(31)P scalar couplings. The multiple-pulse (MP) sequence has the advantage over the continuous wave (CW) irradiation to efficiently annul the scalar dephasing without reintroducing the dipolar interaction. The MP decoupling sequence is first described in a rotor-synchronised version (RS-MP) where one parameter only needs to be adjusted. It clearly avoids the dipolar recoupling in order to achieve a better resolution than using the CW sequence. In a second improved version, the MP sequence is experimentally studied in the vicinity of the perfect rotor-synchronised conditions. The linewidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 65 Hz using (27)Al CW decoupling decreases to 48 Hz with RS-MP decoupling and to 30 Hz with rotor-asynchronised MP (RA-MP) decoupling. The main phenomena are explained using both experimental results and numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Delevoye
- UCCS, CNRS-8181, ENSCL-USTL, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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24
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Fu R, Brey WW, Shetty K, Gor'kov P, Saha S, Long JR, Grant SC, Chekmenev EY, Hu J, Gan Z, Sharma M, Zhang F, Logan TM, Brüschweller R, Edison A, Blue A, Dixon IR, Markiewicz WD, Cross TA. Ultra-wide bore 900 MHz high-resolution NMR at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. J Magn Reson 2005; 177:1-8. [PMID: 16125429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Access to an ultra-wide bore (105 mm) 21.1 T magnet makes possible numerous advances in NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging, as well as novel applications. This magnet was developed, designed, manufactured and tested at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and on July 21, 2004 it was energized to 21.1 T. Commercial and unique homebuilt probes, along with a standard commercial NMR console have been installed and tested with many science applications to develop this spectrometer as a user facility. Solution NMR of membrane proteins with enhanced resolution, new pulse sequences for solid state NMR taking advantage of narrowed proton linewidths, and enhanced spatial resolution and contrast leading to improved animal imaging have been documented. In addition, it is demonstrated that spectroscopy of single site (17)O labeled macromolecules in a hydrated lipid bilayer environment can be recorded in a remarkably short period of time. (17)O spectra of aligned samples show the potential for using this data for orientational restraints and for characterizing unique details of cation binding properties to ion channels. The success of this NHMFL magnet illustrates the potential for using a similar magnet design as an outsert for high temperature superconducting insert coils to achieve an NMR magnet with a field >25 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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Amoureux JP, Delevoye L, Steuernagel S, Gan Z, Ganapathy S, Montagne L. Increasing the sensitivity of 2D high-resolution NMR methods applied to quadrupolar nuclei. J Magn Reson 2005; 172:268-278. [PMID: 15649754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gan and Kwak recently proposed a soft-pulse added mixing (SPAM) idea in the classical two-pulse multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning scheme. In the SPAM method, a soft pi/2 pulse is added after the second hard-pulse (conversion pulse) and all coherence orders in between them are constructively used to obtain the signal. We, here, further extend this idea to distributed samples where the signal mainly results from echo pathways and that from anti-echo pathways dies out after a few t1 increments. We show that, with a combination of SPAM and collection of fewer anti-echoes, an enhancement of the signal to noise ratio by a factor of ca. 3 may be obtained over the z-filtered version. This may prove to be useful even for samples with long T2' relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Amoureux
- LCPS, CNRS-8012, ENSCL-USTL, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Gan Z, Abe H, Kurokawa H, Doi Y. Solid-state microstructures, thermal properties, and crystallization of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:605-13. [PMID: 11749227 DOI: 10.1021/bm015535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies of solid-state structures under different crystallization conditions, melting behavior, and crystal growth kinetics are reported for biodegradable aliphatic poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its random copolyesters of poly(butylene succinate-co-14 mol %ethylene succinate) [P(BS-co-14 mol %ES)] and poly(butylene succinate-co-15 mol %hexamethylene succinate) [P(BS-co-15 mol %HS)]. The crystal structures of two copolyesters determined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) are the same as that of the PBS homopolymer, suggesting that the second comonomers ES or HS units are excluded from the crystalline core and are in an amorphous state. The further investigations on the crystalline and amorphous phase structures and sizes by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method have provided quantitative evidence that the existence of second comonomers increases the amorphous thickness of copolyesters but that the influences of comonomers on the lamellar crystal structure and size of copolyesters are complicated. The origin of the complexity and its influences on the equilibrium melting temperature T(m)(0) of copolyester are discussed in the present paper. Gibbs-Thomson and Hoffman-Weeks equations were applied for the determination of T(m)(0) of PBS, P(BS-co-14 mol %ES), and P(BS-co-15 mol %HS)-three samples. Two equations gave different T(m)(0) values for each sample. On the basis of the Gibbs-Thomson equation, the P(BS-co-15 mol %HS) copolyester has the same T(m)(0) value as that of the PBS homopolymer, while the P(BS-co-14 mol %ES) copolyester has a lower one. This is due to the different influences of the second comonomers on the crystalline phase structure indicated by SAXS results, and the Gibbs-Thomson equation has been suggested to be more reliable. The crystal growth kinetics of the three samples was analyzed by using the secondary nucleation theory, and the influences of various parameters on the regime transition and nucleation constant were studied. Meanwhile some interrelations between regime transition temperature and melting behavior were found for the three samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Gan Z, Abe H, Doi Y. Crystallization, melting, and enzymatic degradation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-14 mol % ethylene succinate) copolyester. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:313-21. [PMID: 11749188 DOI: 10.1021/bm0056557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure and growth kinetics of melt-crystallized poly(butylene succinate-co-14 mol % ethylene succinate) [P(BS-co-14 mol % ES)] copolyester have been investigated at a wide crystallization temperature range of 30 to 90 degrees C. By means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), the copolyester composed of BS and ES units has been identified to have the same crystal structure with that of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) homopolymer, suggesting that only PBS sequences crystallize while that the ES units are in an amorphous form. On the basis of secondary nucleation theory, two regimes of II and III have been observed and their transition temperature is around 80 degrees C. The spherulitic morphologies of P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) copolyester developed from banded spherulites to the normal ones without banding extinction patterns as the crystallization temperature increased. The melting behavior of P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) copolyester under different conditions has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Four melting peaks and one exothermal peak on the melting curves were observed during heating process, and their origination is discussed. The enzymatic degradation was carried out on the melt-crystallized P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) thin film by an extracellar PHB depolymerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri and the morphologies of lamellar crystals before and after degradation have been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results have indicated that enzymatically degradable ES units exist on the surface of lamellar crystals and are hydrolyzed by the enzyme, while that the crystalline cores composed of PBS chains are not degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Abstract
Crystal growth rates of melt-crystallized poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 21,100 and polydispersity of 1.86, respectively, were studied in an extensive temperature range. On the basis of secondary nucleation theory, only one transition between regime III and regime II was found at around 71 degrees C, but no transition of regime II-->I was detected by kinetic analysis. The ratio of nucleation constants KgIII in regime III to KgII in regime II was influenced by the value of activation energy U*, and tended to 2 as predicted by the theory when U* was set as 3688 cal/mol. The morphological changes at spherulitic level and lamellar level in regime II and regime III were examined by using an optical microscope (OM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Although spherulitic morphologies were found in both regime II and regime III by optical microscopy, further investigations made by following the crystallization process using OM and by checking the lamellar morphology using AFM revealed morphological changes during the crystal growth process and different crystal morphologies in regime II and regime III. Meanwhile by using ultrathin film (approximately 100 nm in thickness), the morphology of lamellar crystals of lozenge-shape outline and composed of single crystals has been studied by AFM technique. The results indicate that there is indeed a transition from regime II to regime III at around 71 degrees C for the isothermal crystallization of PES with an increasing degree of undercooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Gan Z, Abe H, Doi Y. Biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES). 2. Crystal morphology of melt-crystallized ultrathin film and its change after enzymatic degradation. Biomacromolecules 2002; 1:713-20. [PMID: 11710202 DOI: 10.1021/bm000055t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) ultrathin films with an initial thickness of approximately 100 nm were prepared by the solution cast method on either cover glass or freshly cleaved mica as the substrate. The ultrathin films were then melt-crystallized at a given temperature for a certain period of time. The surface morphologies of these films on the substrates were observed by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and an optical microscope (OM) under ambient conditions. Two different crystal morphologies having fibril-like structure and flat-on lamellar crystals with a certain width were formed, and their growth mechanisms were discussed in association with previous kinetic data. It has been shown that at a higher crystallization temperature such as 85 degrees C (smaller degree of undercooling) the crystal aggregates tend to form lozenge-shaped hedrites which evolved from a single crystal. The enzymatic degradation of PES crystals on the ultrathin films was carried out by using a PHB depolymerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri at room temperature. The crystal morphologies before and after enzymatic degradation were examined by AFM. The lamellar crystals were hydrolyzed into many small fragments, and these fragments had the same thickness as that of the lamellar crystals before enzymatic degradation. The analysis of morphological results for PES lamellar crystals has revealed the existence of many defects on the surface of melt-crystallized lamellar crystals. These defects were preferentially attacked by the enzyme molecules. Hydrolysis starts from the chains folding in crystal defect area and proceeds along the lateral edges, i.e., along the direction perpendicular to the folding chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Bujoli-Doeuff M, Evain M, Janvier P, Massiot D, Clearfield A, Gan Z, Bujoli B. New pillared layered gallium phosphonates in the gallium/1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid system. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:6694-8. [PMID: 11735480 DOI: 10.1021/ic010588q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Ethylenediphosphonic acid reacts with gallium nitrate in water to give new pillared layered gallium phosphonates, the structure of which depends on the experimental conditions used for their preparation. Thus, Ga(4)(O(3)PC(2)H(4)PO(3))(3) (1) and Ga(2)(OH)(2)(O(3)PC(2)H(4)PO(3)) (2) were isolated and the structure of 1 was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while 2 was shown to have the same metal/PO(3) arrangement as the previously described Ga(OH)(O(3)PCH(3)). Ga(4)(O(3)PC(2)H(4)PO(3))(3) (1) is triclinic, with space group P1 with Z = 2, a = 5.1480(4), b = 8.0354(7), and c = 12.383(1) A; alpha = 91.34(1), beta = 101.40(1), and gamma = 90.86(1) degrees; V = 501.9(1) A(3). The structure of 1 is unusual with (i) mixed GaO(4) and GaO(5) sites while a 6-fold coordination is observed for gallium in (2) and (ii) the presence of the organic moiety within both the layers and the interlayer space. The two compounds were fully characterized using (31)P and (71)Ga solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bujoli-Doeuff
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, UMR CNRS 6502, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Bryant PL, Harwell CR, Mrse AA, Emery EF, Gan Z, Caldwell T, Reyes AP, Kuhns P, Hoyt DW, Simeral LS, Hall RW, Butler LG. Structural characterization of MAO and related aluminum complexes. 1. Solid-state (27)Al NMR with comparison to EFG tensors from ab initio molecular orbital calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12009-17. [PMID: 11724609 DOI: 10.1021/ja011092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and ab initio molecular orbital techniques are developed for study of aluminum species with large quadrupole coupling constants to test structural models for methylaluminoxanes (MAO). The techniques are applied to nitrogen- and oxygen-containing complexes of aluminum and to solid MAO isolated from active commercial MAO preparations. (Aminato)- and (propanolato)aluminum clusters with 3-, 4-, and 6-coordinate aluminum sites are studied with three (27)Al NMR techniques optimized for large (27)Al quadrupole coupling constants: field-swept, frequency-stepped, and high-field MAS NMR. Four-membered (aminato)aluminum complexes with AlN(4) coordination yield slightly smaller C(q) values than similar AlN(2)C(2) sites: 12.2 vs 15.8 MHz. Planar 3-coordinate AlN(2)C sites have the largest C(q) values, 37 MHz. In all cases, molecular orbital calculations of the electric field gradient tensors yields C(q) and eta values that match with experiment, even for a large hexameric (aminato)aluminum cage. A D(3d) symmetry hexaaluminum oxane cluster, postulated as a model for MAO, yields a calculated C(q) of -23.7 MHz, eta = 0.7474, and predicts a spectrum that is too broad to match the field-swept NMR of methylaluminoxane, which shows at least three sites, all with C(q) values greater than 15 MHz but less than 21 MHz. Thus, the proposed hexaaluminum cluster, with its strained four-membered rings, is not a major component of MAO. However, calculations for dimers of the cage complex, either edge-bridged or face-bridged, show a much closer match to experiment. Also, MAO preparations differ, with a gel form of MAO having significantly larger (27)Al C(q) values than a nongel form, a conclusion reached on the basis of (27)Al NMR line widths in field-swept NMR spectra acquired from 13 to 24 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Shihua Q, Jun Y, Gan Z, Jiamo F, Guoying S, Zhishi W, Tong SM, Tang UW, Yunshun M. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols and dustfall in Macao. Environ Monit Assess 2001; 72:115-127. [PMID: 11720220 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012036902749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), widespread environmental pollutants, have been measured in aerosols and dustfall in Macao. In this paper, we compare concentration distributions and determine the partitioning of PAHs in aerosols and dustfall for different areas, sampling times and sampling heights. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of sigmaPAHs in aerosols and dustfall vary at the different sites and heights. The concentrations of sigmaPAHs and most of the individual PAHs in aerosols at night were higher than those in the daytime when using the unit of microg/g and lower than those when using the unit of microg m(-3). It is shown that the distribution of individual PAHs in aerosols differs significantly from that in dustfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shihua
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, PR China
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Abstract
Resolution in 1H NMR spectra of solids can be significantly enhanced with fast magic-angle spinning and high magnetic fields. A variable field and spinning speed study up to 25 T and 40 kHz shows that the homogeneous line broadening is inversely proportional to the product of magnetic field strength and spinning speed. The combination of high field and fast speed yields a 1H linewidth approaching the intrinsic limit determined by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. An analysis of the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility line broadening is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Samoson
- National Institute of Chemical and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
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34
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Du Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Cai C, Yang J, Gan Z. [Water distribution and microclimatic effects of sprinkler irrigation on spring wheat field]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:398-400. [PMID: 11758422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of sprinkler irrigation on spring wheat field indicated that spring wheat canopy could intercept water by 25-30%, and compared with that above canopy in first milking period, the uniformity coefficient below canopy could be increased by 7-9%. Floating and evaporation loss of sprinkler irrigation water could reach 20-25% of the total. In addition, sprinkler irrigation on spring wheat field could decrease air and soil temperature, and increase air actual vapor pressure and relative humidity, which played a definite role in restraining crop transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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35
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MacKenzie KJD, Smith ME, Schmücker M, Schneider H, Angerer P, Gan Z, Anupõld T, Reinhold A, Samoson A. Structural aspects of mullite-type NaAl9O14 studied by 27Al and 23Na solid-state MAS and DOR NMR techniques. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b101513n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
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37
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Wang J, Denny J, Tian C, Kim S, Mo Y, Kovacs F, Song Z, Nishimura K, Gan Z, Fu R, Quine JR, Cross TA. Imaging membrane protein helical wheels. J Magn Reson 2000; 144:162-7. [PMID: 10783287 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resonance patterns have been observed in 2D solid-state NMR spectra of the transmembrane segment of M2 protein from Influenza A virus in oriented samples reflecting the helical wheel of this alpha-helix. The center of this pattern uniquely defines the helical tilt with respect to the bilayer normal without a need for resonance assignments. The distribution of resonances from amino acid specific labels around the "PISA wheel" defines the rotational orientation of the helix and yields preliminary site-specific assignments. With assignments high-resolution structural detail, such as differences in tilt and rotational orientation along the helical axis leading to an assessment of helical coiling, can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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38
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Wu C, Jim T, Gan Z, Zhao Y, Wang S. A heterogeneous catalytic kinetics for enzymatic biodegradation of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle (PISEMA) [J. Magn. Reson. A 109, 270 (1994)] is an important experiment in NMR structural characterization of membrane proteins in oriented lipid bilayers. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the spin dynamics in PISEMA to investigate the line-narrowing mechanism. The study focuses on the effect of neighboring protons on the spin exchange of a strongly coupled spin pair. The spin exchange is solved analytically for simple spin systems and is numerically simulated for many-spin systems. The results show that the dipolar couplings from the neighboring protons of a strongly coupled spin pair perturb the spin exchange only in the second order, therefore it has little contribution to the linewidth of PISEMA spectra in comparison to the separated-local-field spectra. The effects from proton resonance offset and the mismatch of the Hartmann-Hahn condition are also discussed along with experimental results using model single-crystal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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40
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Fang L, Gan Z, Marquardt RR. Isolation, affinity purification, and identification of piglet small intestine mucosa receptor for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli k88ac+ fimbriae. Infect Immun 2000; 68:564-9. [PMID: 10639418 PMCID: PMC97177 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.2.564-569.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An affinity chromatography technique was utilized to isolate and purify the receptors of Escherichia coli K88ac(+) fimbriae from the mucus of the small intestines of newborn piglets. Purified K88ac+ fimbriae were covalently immobilized onto a beaded agarose matrix (Sepharose 4B). The immobilized fimbriae were used for the affinity purification of the K88ac+ receptors. Only two major proteins were tightly and specifically bound to the immobilized fimbriae after the column containing bound receptor was washed exhaustively with a buffer containing a high concentration of salt and a detergent. The receptors were eluted as a single component at a low pH. The isolated proteins were then subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot (immunoblot) analyses. The two proteins were of high purity, were responsible for nearly all of the fimbrial binding capacity of the crude mucus, and had molecular masses of 26 and 41 kDa. The method for isolation of E. coli binding proteins is simple and yields purified intestinal receptors in a single chromatographic run. The intestinal mucus of different piglets has different proportions of the two receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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41
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Abstract
Glycosylation of 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-beta-D-gluc opyranoside with phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside in the presence of NIS and TfOH as catalyst gave the lactosamine derivative regiospecifically in high yield. Further 3-O-fucosylation with phenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-L-fucopyranoside using DMTST as promoter afforded the Lex trisaccharide intermediate. The latent glycosyl donor was transformed into its active form (p-acetamidothiophenyl) by reduction with zinc in acetic acid and N-acetylation. Glycosidation with p-nitrothiophenyl lactoside acceptor in the presence of NIS/TfOH as catalyst gave the Lex pentasaccharide in 71% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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42
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Chen F, Li G, Chen J, Gan Z. [Detection of fungi from agricultural commodities with serological method]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 1999; 28:188-90. [PMID: 12712731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The types of fungus antigen and the purification of fungus antigen, the purification of anti-fungus antibody, and the application of serology in detecting fungi from agricultural commodities are introduced. Fungi antigen are mainly from extra-cellular protein and extra-cellular polysaccharide. The method for antigen purification was the same as the common method used to separate and purify proteins and polysaccharides. The specificity of an antibody is the most important parameter for the quality of antibody. As long as the specificity of a antibody is high, the antibody could detect the target fungi from agricultural commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Department of Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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43
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Xin Y, Wang G, Wang R, Ling Y, Zhou H, Yin Y, Zhang B, Dai L, Zhang G, Gan Z. Near-field mapping of the emission distribution in semiconductor microdiscs. J Microsc 1999; 194:439-44. [PMID: 11388282 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1999.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have used a scanning near-field optical microscope to study the fluorescent light distribution in the near- and far-fields with two types of microdiscs, InGaP and GaN, fabricated in our laboratory. The InGaP microdisc has a radius of 2.5-5.0 microm, a thickness of 0.15-0.2 microm and a circular shape and the GaN disc has a radius of 5-8 microm with a thickness of 0.5-2 microm. Spontaneous emission enhancement in these microdiscs has been observed with emitting wavelengths of 650 and 550 nm respectively In both types of microdisc, the whispering-gallery mode (WCM) has been observed on the top surface using near-field optical and far-field microscopic methods. However, due to the different disc structures and optical confinements, the light distributions of the type types of disc are quite different. In the case of the InGaP disc, WGM is the dominant mode with a mixture of other modes. Interference-like ring intensities have been observed both inside the disc surface and outside, with a period ratio of 1:2. In addition, the propagating waves emitted from the side of the disc have been collected for the first time by using near-field optical microscopy. A theoretical calculation based on the theory of optical modes in microdisc lasers confirmed this observation. It also predicted the behaviour of the electric field distribution (transverse electric) inside and outside the disc, as well as the period of the wave propagation. In contrast, the near-field mapping of the GaN fluorescence showed not only a ring-like emission intensity along the circumference of the disc, an indication of WGM, but also an even intensity distribution inside the disc. This can be explained as the combination of the WGM with the Fabry-Perot mode of multi-reflection between the GaN layer and the substrate. The results also demonstrate the potential application of near-field optics to explore the light emission mode of a microdisc on a nanometre scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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44
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Abstract
A new type of solid-phase assay for proteases and protease inhibitors has been developed using biotinylated casein. The assay involves coating of titer plate wells with biotinylated casein, hydrolysis of this substrate with a protease such as trypsin, reaction of the biotin from the unhydrolyzed substrate with an alkaline phosphatase-streptavidin complex, and finally quantification of the amount of casein remaining on the plate using alkaline phosphatase activity as the indicator. The activity of the bound indicator enzyme is oppositely related to the protease activity of the sample. In addition, the assay can be modified for quantitating the corresponding amount of protease inhibitor in the sample. The assay is simple, sensitive, accurate, inexpensive, and amenable to automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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45
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Reuter JD, Myc A, Hayes MM, Gan Z, Roy R, Qin D, Yin R, Piehler LT, Esfand R, Tomalia DA, Baker JR. Inhibition of viral adhesion and infection by sialic-acid-conjugated dendritic polymers. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:271-8. [PMID: 10077477 DOI: 10.1021/bc980099n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sialic acid (SA) residues conjugated to a linear polyacrylamide backbone are more effective than monomeric SA at inhibiting influenza-induced agglutination of red blood cells. However, "polymeric inhibitors" based on polyacrylamide backbones are cytotoxic. Dendritic polymers offer a nontoxic alternative to polyacrylamide and may provide a variety of potential synthetic inhibitors of influenza virus adhesion due to the wide range of available polymer structures. We evaluated several dendritic polymeric inhibitors, including spheroidal, linear, linear-dendron copolymers, comb-branched, and dendrigraft polymers, for the ability to inhibit virus hemagglutination (HA) and to block infection of mammalian cells in vitro. Four viruses were tested: influenza A H2N2 (selectively propagated two ways), X-31 influenza A H3N2, and sendai. The most potent of the linear and spheroidal inhibitors were 32-256-fold more effective than monomeric SA at inhibiting HA by the H2N2 influenza virus. Linear-dendron copolymers were 1025-8200-fold more effective against H2N2 influenza, X-31 influenza, and sendai viruses. The most effective were the comb-branched and dendrigraft inhibitors, which showed up to 50000-fold increased activity against these viruses. We were able to demonstrate significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of influenza infection in mammalian cells by polymeric inhibitors, the first such demonstration for multivalent SA inhibitors. Effective dendrimer polymers were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells at therapeutic levels. Of additional interest, variation in the inhibitory effect was observed with different viruses, suggesting possible differences due to specific growth conditions of virus. SA-conjugated dendritic polymers may provide a new therapeutic modality for viruses that employ SA as their target receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Reuter
- Center for Biologic Nanotechnology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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46
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Abstract
A colorimetric competitive inhibition assay for avidin, streptavidin and biotin was developed. The method for avidin or streptavidin was based on the competitive binding between avidin or streptavidin and a streptavidin-enzyme conjugate for biotinylated dextrin immobilized on the surface of a microtitre plate. For biotin quantitation the competition is between free biotin and the immobilized biotin for the streptavidin-enzyme conjugate. The limits of detection which was determined as the concentration of competitor required to give 90% of maximal absorbency (100% inhibition) was approximately 20 ng/100 microl per assay for avidin and streptavidin and 0.4 pg/100 microl per assay for biotin. The methods are simple, rapid, highly sensitive and adaptable to high throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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47
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Abramson D, Gan Z, Clear RM, Gilbert J, Marquardt RR. Relationships among deoxynivalenol, ergosterol and Fusarium exoantigens in Canadian hard and soft wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 1998; 45:217-24. [PMID: 9926999 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble extracellular components (exoantigens) from cultures of Fusarium graminearum and F. sporotrichioides were used to produce antisera from chickens for an indirect enzyme immunoassay. This immunoassay was used to estimate Fusarium exoantigen levels in 40 samples of fusarium head blight-infected hard red spring wheat from Manitoba, and in 50 samples of infected soft white winter wheat from Ontario. These wheat samples were also assayed for deoxynivalenol (DON), the predominant Fusarium mycotoxin, and for ergosterol, a metabolite reflecting fungal biomass. Using F. sporotrichioides antisera, the linear correlations between exoantigen level and DON content for the hard and soft wheats had coefficients of 0.80 and 0.76, respectively. With the same antisera, linear correlations between exoantigen level and total ergosterol concentration for the hard and soft wheats had coefficients of 0.66 and 0.81, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abramson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
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48
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Gan Z, Marquardt RR. Biotinylated enzyme inhibitorsorbent assay: a specific method for quantitating enzyme and its inhibitor. Anal Biochem 1998; 265:69-73. [PMID: 9866709 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A biotinylated enzyme inhibitorsorbent assay (BEISA) for quantitating enzyme and its inhibitor has been developed. The assay is based on the competition between unlabeled enzyme and biotin-labeled enzyme for binding by an immobilized inhibitor or between free inhibitor and the immobilized inhibitor for binding by a biotin-labeled enzyme followed by reaction of the biotin-bound complex with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The amount of enzyme or inhibitor can be determined from the intensity of color produced by the alkaline phosphatase acting on its substrate. Trypsin and its inhibitor from egg white (ovomucoid) were used as a model for the BEISA. The results indicated that the BEISA is a simple, sensitive, and specific method that can be used to quantitate the amount of an enzyme or its inhibitor and it is amenable to high-throughput analysis and automation. The BEISA can be also applied to any enzyme that has an appropriate inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Robyr
- Department of MaterialsInstitute of Polymers and Department of Chemistry−Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z. Gan
- Department of MaterialsInstitute of Polymers and Department of Chemistry−Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U. W. Suter
- Department of MaterialsInstitute of Polymers and Department of Chemistry−Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Robyr P, Gan Z, Suter UW. Local Order between Chain Segments in the Glassy Polycarbonate of 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane from 13C Polarization-Transfer NMR. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Robyr
- Departement Werkstoffe, Institut für Polymere and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z. Gan
- Departement Werkstoffe, Institut für Polymere and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U. W. Suter
- Departement Werkstoffe, Institut für Polymere and Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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