1
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Bhagat K, Singh JV, Pagare PP, Kumar N, Sharma A, Kaur G, Kinarivala N, Gandu S, Singh H, Sharma S, Bedi PMS. Rational approaches for the design of various GABA modulators and their clinical progression. Mol Divers 2021; 25:551-601. [PMID: 32170466 PMCID: PMC8422677 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the etiology of several neurological disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, migraine, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. Increase in the GABAergic activity may be achieved through direct agonism at the GABAA receptors, inhibition of enzymatic breakdown of GABA, or by inhibition of the GABA transport proteins (GATs). These functionalities make GABA receptor modulators and GATs attractive drug targets in brain disorders associated with decreased GABA activity. There have been several reports of development of GABA modulators (GABA receptors, GABA transporters, and GABAergic enzyme inhibitors) in the past decade. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to provide an overview on various design strategies and synthetic approaches toward developing GABA modulators. Furthermore, mechanistic insights, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling inputs for the biologically active derivatives have also been discussed. Summary of the advances made over the past few years in the clinical translation and development of GABA receptor modulators is also provided. This compilation will be of great interest to the researchers working in the field of neuroscience. From the light of detailed literature, it can be concluded that numerous molecules have displayed significant results and their promising potential, clearly placing them ahead as potential future drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder V Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Gurinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Development Biology Graduate Program, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Preet Mohinder S Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
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2
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Solomon VR, Tallapragada VJ, Chebib M, Johnston G, Hanrahan JR. GABA allosteric modulators: An overview of recent developments in non-benzodiazepine modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:434-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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3
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Neighboring Group Participation in 12,20-Dioxopregnanes. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
12,20-Dioxo-5α-pregnan-3β-yl acetate, obtained from hecogenin, was treated with NaH in DMSO to yield the bridged cyclopropano ketone, 3β-hydroxy-12α,21-cyclo-12β,21-methano-5α,17α-pregnan-20-one. In tert-BuOH the reaction leads to 3β-hydroxy-12,21-cyclo-5α-pregn-12,21-en-20-one. Experimental data prove that the new methylene group of the cyclopropane ring came from DMSO.
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4
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Lauro FV, Francisco DC, Elodia GC, Eduardo PG, Maria LR, Marcela RN, Lenin HH, Bety SA. Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of two androgen derivatives. Steroids 2015; 93:8-15. [PMID: 25448363 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study two androgen derivatives were synthesized using several strategies; the first stage an aza-steroid derivative (3) was developed by the reaction of a testosterone derivative (1) with thiourea (2) in presence of hydrogen chloride. The second step, involves the synthesis of an amino-steroid derivative (4) by the reaction of 1 with 2 using boric acid as catalyst. The third stage was achieved by the preparation of an aminoaza-androgen derivative (6) by the reaction of 3 with ethylenediamine using boric acid as catalyst. In addition, the compound 6 was made reacting with dihydrotestosterone to form a new androgen derivative (7) in presence of boric acid. The following step was achieved by the reaction of 7 with chloroacetyl chloride to synthesize an azetidinone-androgen derivative (8) using triethylamine as catalyst. Additionally, a thiourea-androgen derivative (9) was synthetized by the reaction of 4 with dihydrotestosterone using boric acid as catalyst. Finally, the compound 9 was made reacting with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine to synthesize a new azetidinone-androgen derivative (10). On the other hand, antibacterial activity of compounds synthesized was evaluated on Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and Gram positive (Staphylococos aureus) bacteria. The results indicate that only the compound 3 and 8 decrease the growth bacterial of E. coli and V. cholerae. Nevertheless, growth bacterial of S. aureus was not inhibited by these compounds. These data indicate that antibacterial activity exerted by the compounds 3 and 8 depend of their structure chemical in comparison with the controls and other androgen derivatives that are involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figueroa-Valverde Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico.
| | - Díaz-Cedillo Francisco
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - García-Cervera Elodia
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Pool-Gómez Eduardo
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - López-Ramos Maria
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontologos s/n C.P. 91010, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Hau-Heredia Lenin
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Sarabia-Alcocer Bety
- Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. PatricioTrueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090 Campeche Cam., Mexico
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5
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Guyon C, Métay E, Popowycz F, Lemaire M. Synthetic applications of hypophosphite derivatives in reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7879-906. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to collect the applications in fine synthesis of hypophosphite derivatives as reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Guyon
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Estelle Métay
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Equipe Chimie Organique et Bioorganique
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA Lyon)
- F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
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6
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Slavíková B, Bujons J, Matyáš L, Vidal M, Babot Z, Krištofíková Z, Suñol C, Kasal A. Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone analogues modified in the C ring: synthesis and activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2323-36. [PMID: 23421641 DOI: 10.1021/jm3016365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(25R)-3β-Hydroxy-5α-spirostan-12-one (hecogenin) and 11α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (11α-hydroxyprogesterone) were used as starting materials for the synthesis of a series of 11- and 12-substituted derivatives of 5ξ-pregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one and 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one), the principal neurosteroid acting via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These analogues were designed to study the structural requirements of the corresponding GABAA receptor. Their biological activity was measured by in vitro test with [(3)H]flunitrazepam as radioligand in which allopregnanolone and its active analogues stimulated the binding to the GABAA receptor. Analysis of the SAR data suggests dependence of the flunitrazepam binding activity on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the groups at the C-ring edge rather than on specific interactions between them and the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Slavíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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7
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Martínez MD, Edelsztein VC, Durán FJ, Di Chenna PH, Burton G. Synthesis of 6-azaprogesterone and 19-hydroxy-6-azasteroids. Steroids 2013; 78:34-7. [PMID: 23127817 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
19-Hydroxy-6-azapregnanes were obtained from pregnenolone via a 7-azido-5-oxo-6-nor-5,7-secopregnane intermediate. The 6-azapregnane core was built in good yield in a straightforward way from the secosteroid, by means of a Staudinger (aza-Wittig) reaction. Finally the 19-hydroxy-6-azapregnane was transformed into 19-hydroxy-6-azaprogesterone (that cyclized spontaneously to the 19→3 hemiketal) and 6-azaprogesterone. The 6-azapregnanes lacked agonistic/antagonistic activity on the progesterone receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Uyanik C, Hanson JR. The Chemistry of B-Norsteroidal 6-Ketones and their Relatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13146264913491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and reactions of B-norsteroidal 6-ketones and their relatives are reviewed in the context of the stability of the A/B and B/C ring junctions and the stereochemistry of the addition reactions to the carbonyl group. This review is a sequel to a previous article on the reactions of B-norsteroidal 4- and 5-enes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Uyanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kocaeli, Umuttepe, Izmit 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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9
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Bian X, Sun Q, Xu H, Wang C. First Synthesis of a C-Homosteroid from Pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Aburano D, Inagaki F, Tomonaga S, Mukai C. Synthesis of a core carbon framework of cyanosporasides A and B. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5590-4. [PMID: 19558182 DOI: 10.1021/jo901141t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 3-(2-ethynylphenyl)prop-2-ynyl benzenesulfinate with 2.5 mol % of [RhCl(CO)(2)](2) at 40 degrees C under an atmosphere of CO effected the successive 2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement and carbonylative [2 + 2 + 1] ring-closing reaction to afford the 8-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-cyclopent[a]-inden-2-one in a high yield. Chemical modification of the ring-closed product via lipase-mediated optical resolution produced the optically active 3-acetoxy-3a-cyclohexyloxy-3,3a-dihydrocyclopent-[a]indene skeleton, the core carbon framework of cyanosporasides A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aburano
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Aspects of the stereochemistry of addition reactions to B-norsteroidal 4- and 5-alkenes are compared to the corresponding reactions in normal 6:6 A/B series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Uyanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kocaeli, Umuttepe, Izmit 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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12
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Slavíková B, Krištofíková Z, Chodounská H, Buděšínský M, Durán FJ, Veleiro AS, Burton G, Kasal A. Allopregnanolone (3α-Hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) Derivatives with a Polar Chain in Position 16α: Synthesis and Activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2119-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Slavíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zdena Krištofíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hana Chodounská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando J. Durán
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana S. Veleiro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexander Kasal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ústavní 91, CZ18103 Prague, Czech Republic, and Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Ibrahim-Ouali M, Rocheblave L. Recent advances in azasteroids chemistry. Steroids 2008; 73:375-407. [PMID: 18249432 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Modified steroids have attracted a great deal of attention these last years. Their preparation is a stimulating challenge to the organic chemist, often demanding development of new and generally useful reactions. Moreover, the biological properties of modified steroids have proved to be of interest. The recent development in the partial and total syntheses of azasteroids is herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
- UMR 6180 CNRS and Universite d'Aix Marseille III: Chirotechnologies: catalyse et biocatalyse, Laboratoire de Synthese Organique associe au CNRS, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de Saint Jerome, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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14
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Scaglione JB, Jastrzebska I, Krishnan K, Li P, Akk G, Manion BD, Benz A, Taylor A, Rath NP, Evers AS, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S, Covey DF. Neurosteroid analogues. 14. Alternative ring system scaffolds: GABA modulatory and anesthetic actions of cyclopenta[b]phenanthrenes and cyclopenta[b]anthracenes. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1309-18. [PMID: 18275132 DOI: 10.1021/jm701128r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the structural features of binding sites for neuroactive steroids on gamma-aminobutryic acid type A (GABA A) receptors are still largely unknown, structure-activity studies have established a pharmacophore for potent enhancement of GABA A receptor function by neuroactive steroids. This pharmacophore emphasizes the importance of the position and stereochemistry of hydrogen-bonding groups on the steroid. However, the importance of the steroid ring system in mediating hydrophobic interactions with the GABA A receptor is unclear. We have taken the cyclopenta[ b]phenanthrene (tetracyclic compounds with a nonlinear ring system different from that of steroids) and cyclopenta[ b]anthracene (tetracyclic molecules with a linear 6-6-6-5 carbocyclic ring system) ring systems and properly substituted them to satisfy the pharmacophore requirements of the critical hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups found in neuroactive steroids. We have found these cyclopenta[ b]phenanthrene and cyclopenta[ b]anthracene analogues to have potent activity at the GABA A receptor, rivaling that of the most potent steroid modulators. Single-channel analysis of electrophysiological data indicates that similarly substituted analogues in the different ring systems affect the kinetic components of macroscopic currents in different ways. Mutations to the hydrogen bonding amino acids at the putative steroid binding site (alpha1Q241L mutation and alpha1N407A/Y410F double mutation) produce similar effects on macroscopic current amplitude by the different ring system analogues suggesting that the different kinetic effects are explained by the precise interactions of each analogue with the same binding site(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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15
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16
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Krstić NM, Bjelaković MS, Zizak Z, Pavlović MD, Juranić ZD, Pavlović VD. Synthesis of some steroidal oximes, lactams, thiolactams and their antitumor activities. Steroids 2007; 72:406-14. [PMID: 17433824 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of previously synthesized (Z)-cholest-4-en-6-one oxime (1), (E)-cholest-4-en-6-one oxime (2), 7-aza-B-homocholest-4-en-6-one (3) and 6-aza-B-homocholest-4-en-7-one (4) and newly synthesized 6-thioxo-7-aza-B-homocholest-4-ene (5) and 6-aza-7-thioxo-B-homocholest-4-ene (6) was tested for their possible effects against two human tumor cell lines, cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562). Compounds 1-6, exerted a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect toward cell lines used in experimental design, showing high selectivity in their action for tumor cells in comparison to normal immunocompetent cells (non-stimulated PBMC and PHA-stimulated PBMC). Compounds 2, 3 and 4 exhibited a very high but selective antitumor activity, by inducing apoptosis in sensitive, for that purpose targeted tumor cell line (HeLa cells). Low toxic effect upon both non-stimulated, and PHA stimulated PBMCs from control, healthy volunteers, has been detected for compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4. The possible reasons for profound differences in the effects of this spectrum of steroidal compounds between tumor cell lines and normal stimulated and non-stimulated PBMCs are discussed. The molecular mechanisms for apoptotic events in HeLa cell line are suggested. The guidelines for further research are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija M Krstić
- Center for Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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17
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Scaglione JB, Manion BD, Benz A, Taylor A, DeKoster GT, Rath NP, Evers AS, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S, Covey DF. Neurosteroid analogues. 11. Alternative ring system scaffolds: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor modulation and anesthetic actions of benz[f]indenes. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4595-605. [PMID: 16854065 DOI: 10.1021/jm0602920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benz[f]indenes are tricyclic compounds with a linear 6-6-5 fused carbocyclic ring system. When properly substituted, benz[f]indenes can satisfy the pharmacophore requirements of the critical hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups found in neuroactive steroids that modulate gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor function. Thus, the benz[f]indene ring system provides an opportunity to extend the previously well-studied GABAA receptor structure-activity relationships (SAR) of neuroactive steroids to a different ring system. Depending on whether the stereochemistry of the 6-6-5 ring fusions are trans-trans or cis-trans, either planar or nonplanar benz[f]indenes are obtained. We found that the planar trans-trans benz[f]indenes are active, but less active than the steroids they were designed to mimic, whereas the nonplanar cis-trans compounds have little, if any, activity. The results provide new insight into the importance of the steroid framework for the actions of neuroactive steroids at GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Suñol C, García DA, Bujons J, Kristofíková Z, Matyás L, Babot Z, Kasal A. Activity of B-nor analogues of neurosteroids on the GABA(A) receptor in primary neuronal cultures. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3225-34. [PMID: 16722640 DOI: 10.1021/jm060002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A GABA(A) receptor study of several B-nor analogues of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone has been carried out. B-norallopregnanolone (i.e., 3alpha-hydroxy-7-nor-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) was found comparable to allopregnanolone when measured with labeled TBPS. Analogous results were obtained from their effect on neurons in culture: this time, both 3alpha-hydroxy-7-nor-5xi-pregnan-20-ones (5 and 6) were found to stimulate [3H]flunitrazepam binding and GABA-induced 36Cl- influx. These effects were inhibited by GABA(A) receptor antagonists. Other analogues carrying electronegative substituents (epoxides 9 and 10 and ketone 12) in the B ring were inactive. Similarly, B-normal ketones 17, and 18 and 6-azasteroids 20 and 21 were also inactive. B-Nor analogues 5 and 6 did not induce neurotoxicity at relevant concentrations. A computational analysis of active and inactive neurosteroid analogues allowed the proposal of a 3D pharmacophoric hypothesis of their interaction with the GABA(A) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Suñol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Durán FJ, Ghini AA, Coirini H, Burton G. Synthesis of 6-thia analogs of the natural neurosteroid allopregnanolone. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews the progress in the chemistry of the steroids that was published between January and December 2005. The reactions and partial synthesis of estrogens, androgens, pregnanes, bile acid derivatives, cholestanes and vitamin D analogues are covered. There are 139 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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Duran FJ, Ghini AA, Dauban P, Dodd RH, Burton G. Synthesis of 6,19-Sulfamidate Bridged Pregnanes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8613-6. [PMID: 16209622 DOI: 10.1021/jo051290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally restrained substituted pregnane-20-one derivatives were obtained by an intramolecular nitrene addition onto a C-5/C-6 double bond involving a tethered C-19 sulfamoyl moiety. The resulting aziridine underwent regioselective nucleophilic ring opening at C-5 at room temperature with cyanide, fluoride, and acetate. In the isolated case of acetate, a reversal of regioselectivity was observed at higher temperatures, a result attributed to a rearrangement process involving aziridine ring opening at the C-5 position and subsequent migration of the acetyl moiety to C-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Duran
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-FCEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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