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Ram T, Singh AK, Kumar A, Singh H, Pathak P, Grishina M, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Verma A, Kumar P. MEK inhibitors in cancer treatment: structural insights, regulation, recent advances and future perspectives. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1837-1857. [PMID: 37859720 PMCID: PMC10583825 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MEK1/2 are critical components of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK or MAPK signalling pathway that regulates a variety of cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In 1997, a lung cancer cell line was first found to have a MEK mutation (encoding MEK2P298L). MEK is involved in various human cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), spurious melanoma, and pancreatic, colorectal, basal, breast, and liver cancer. To date, 4 MEK inhibitors i.e., trametinib, cobimetinib, selumetinib, and binimetinib have been approved by the FDA and several are under clinical trials. In this review, we have highlighted structural insights into the MEK1/2 proteins, such as the αC-helix, catalytic loop, P-loop, F-helix, hydrophobic pocket, and DFG motif. We have also discussed current issues with all FDA-approved MEK inhibitors or drugs under clinical trials and combination therapies to improve the efficacy of clinical drugs. Finally, this study addressed recent developments on synthetic MEK inhibitors (from their discovery in 1997 to 2022), their unique properties, and their relevance to MEK mutant inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Ram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454008 Russia
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy at "Hyderabad Campus", GITAM (Deemed to be University) India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454008 Russia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Med. Chem. Res., Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj 211007 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
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Lu B, Huang S, Cao J, Hu Q, Shen R, Wan H, Wang D, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Tao W, Zhang L. Discovery of EBI-1051: A novel and orally efficacious MEK inhibitor with benzofuran scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:581-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Hwu JR, Gupta NK, Tsay SC, Huang WC, Albulescu IC, Kovacikova K, van Hemert MJ. Bis(benzofuran-thiazolidinone)s and bis(benzofuran-thiazinanone)s as inhibiting agents for chikungunya virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:96-101. [PMID: 28830714 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are currently still no approved antiviral drugs to treat or prevent chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections despite the fact that this arbovirus continues to cause outbreaks in Africa, Asia, and South- and Central-America. Thus 20 new conjugated compounds in the families of bis(benzofuran-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one)s and bis(benzofuran-1,3-thiazinan-4-one)s were designed based on the structural features of suramin. These new compounds were synthesized by chemical methods and their structures were confirmed spectroscopically. In CPE reduction assays, six of these new bis-conjugates inhibited CHIKV replication in Vero E6 cells with EC50 in the range of 1.9-2.7 μM and selectivity index values of ∼75 or higher. These results and compounds provide a starting point for further optimization, design, and synthesis of new antiviral agents for this (re)emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Nitesh K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Irina C Albulescu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kovacikova
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Akaberi T, Shiri A, Sheikhi-Mohammareh S. Synthesis of New Derivatives of Pyridazino[6,1-c]Pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]Triazine; a Novel Heterocyclic System. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14497690510968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several derivatives of the novel pyridazino[6,1-c]pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine ring system have been synthesised through heterocyclisation of 5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine with 3-chloro-6-hydrazinylpyridazine followed by treatment with secondary amines in boiling ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Akaberi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
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Khanam H, Shamsuzzaman. Bioactive Benzofuran derivatives: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:483-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen A. Abu-Hashem
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A. R. Hussein
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Aly
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Moustafa A. Gouda
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
- d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts , Taibah University , Ulla , Saudi Arabia
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Shen L, Xie N, Yang B, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Design and total synthesis of Mannich derivatives of marine natural product lamellarin D as cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:807-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sun CJ, Chen W, Li Y, Liu LX, Wang XQ, Li LJ, Zhang HB, Yang XD. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 8-substituted 2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran imidazolium salt derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 8-substituted 2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran imidazolium salt derivatives were synthesized and their antitumor structure–activity relationship studies were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, P.R. China
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9
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O'Connor RE, Keating JJ. Characterization of synthetic routes to ‘Bromo-DragonFLY’ and benzodifuranyl isopropylamine homologues utilizing ketone intermediates. Part 1: Synthesis of ketone precursors. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:658-67. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. O'Connor
- Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), School of Pharmacy/Department of Chemistry; University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
| | - John J. Keating
- Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), School of Pharmacy/Department of Chemistry; University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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Mitsui C, Tsuji H, Sato Y, Nakamura E. Carbazolyl benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran: an ambipolar host material for full-color organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1443-50. [PMID: 22461435 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have designed an ambipolar material, 3,7-bis[4-(N-carbazolyl)-phenyl]-2,6-diphenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran (CZBDF), and synthesized it by zinc-mediated double cyclization. Its physical properties clarified that CZBDF possesses a wide-gap character, well-balanced and high hole and electron mobilities of larger than 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), and a high thermal stability. Using CZBDF as a host material for heterojunction OLED devices, a full range of visible emission was obtained. Notably, CZBDF also enabled us to fabricate RGB-emitting homojunction OLEDs, with performances comparable or superior to the heterojunction devices composed of several materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiko Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Hu C, Fu Y, Li S, Xie Z, Zhang Q. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new conjugated polymers based on syn- and anti-benzodifuran. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Mitsui C, Tanaka H, Tsuji H, Nakamura E. Bis(carbazolyl)benzodifuran has a High Triplet Energy Level for Application in Blue Phosphorescent OLED. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2296-300. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hayashi N, Saito Y, Higuchi H, Suzuki K. Comparative Studies on Electronic Spectra and Redox Behaviors of Isomeric Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difurans and Benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b′]difurans. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5342-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Jyoko, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3196, Japan
| | - Yoko Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Jyoko, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Jyoko, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3196, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Jyoko, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3196, Japan
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Hilmy Elnagdi M, Al-Awadi NA, Abdelshafy Abdelhamid I. Chapter 1 Recent Developments in Pyridazine and Condensed Pyridazine Synthesis. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kirilmis C, Ahmedzade M, Servi S, Koca M, Kizirgil A, Kazaz C. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel derivatives of benzofuran: Part 2. The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:300-8. [PMID: 17513022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of salicylaldehyde with 1-chloro-3-mesitylacetone (2) and potassium carbonate was used to prepare 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone (4) for the starting reagent purposes. 1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanoneoxime (5) was synthesized by the reaction of the compound (4) with hydroxylamine. New derivative of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanoneoxime (5) as 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanonesemicarbazone (7) was obtained in very high yields. Alkyl substituted N-oxime ethers (8a-d) were obtained by the reaction compound 5 and various halogen contained compounds. The compounds 9a-d were synthesized by the reaction of the compound (5) and four different acyl chlorides. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Among the synthesized compounds (E)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone-O-benzoyloxime (9b) was found the most active derivative against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The other compounds exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cumhur Kirilmis
- Firat University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 23169 Elazig, Turkey.
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The synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives from pyran-2-ones and hydrazine hydrate. Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate as an efficient oxidant in pyridazine chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kočevar M, Požgan F, Kafka S, Polanc S. Pyran-2-ones as Synthons for Pyridazine-3-carboxylic Derivatives. Oxidation of Nitrogen-Rich Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(w)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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