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Wang P, Lim C. Photolabile Protecting Groups Based on the Excited State Meta Effect: Development and Application. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:221-234. [PMID: 35971244 DOI: 10.1111/php.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on utilization of the excited state meta effect (ESME) in the development of photolabile protecting groups (PPGs). Structurally simple ESME-based PPGs for release of various functional groups (such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and thiol groups) are discussed. Examples that demonstrate the appealing advantages of these new PPGs are provided, including their efficient release of "poor" leaving groups such as hydroxyl or amino group directly instead of in their respective carbonate or carbamate form. Applications of these PPGs in synthesis, release of biologically important molecules, materials science, and biomedical engineering are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Chaeeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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2
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Guo Y, Xu T, Ma J. Does the photoredox reaction affect the photorelease of anthraquinone protected benzaldehyde? A time-resolved spectroscopic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15900-15907. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02103b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy studies coupled with the results from density functional theory (DFT) computations were utilized to unravel the photodeprotection reaction mechanism of Aqe-diol-PPG and the photoredox of photoproduct Aqe-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
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3
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Dupart PS, Mitra K, Lyons CE, Hartman MCT. Photo-controlled delivery of a potent analogue of doxorubicin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5607-5610. [PMID: 31021353 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly cytotoxic agents have found an important niche in targeted anticancer therapy. Here we develop a new light release strategy for the targeting of one of these agents, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin, showing dramatic enhancements in toxicity with light and single digit nM potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Dupart
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W Main St, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, 23219, Virginia, USA
| | - Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W Main St, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, 23219, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles E Lyons
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, 23219, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C T Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W Main St, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, 23219, Virginia, USA
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4
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Sun F, Liu Y, Wang D, Wang Z, Mu H, Wang F, Ding K, Duan J. A novel photocleavable heparin derivative with light controllable anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:191-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Liu Y, Li G, Chen J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Jiang J. Fabricating Triple-Sensitive Polymer Nano-Aggregates via an Aqueous Iminoboronate Multicomponent Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710062 P. R. China
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6
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Wang P. Developing photolabile protecting groups based on the excited state meta effect. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Sun F, Niu H, Wang D, Wu Y, Mu H, Ma L, Duan J. Novel moisture-preserving derivatives of hyaluronan resistant to hyaluronidase and protective to UV light. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1198-1204. [PMID: 27987823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have revealed the excellent moisture absorption-retention capacity of hyaluronan (HA); however, HA is easily degraded by hyaluronidase on the surface of skin. So, it is very necessary to develop an alternative derivative with low cytotoxicity and resistance to hyaluronidase. Herein, a HA decorated with photocaged groups was synthesized. The moisture absorption-retention capacity and hyaluronidase resistance of photocaged HA (HA-DMNB) and products of HA-DMNB irradiated by ultraviolet for different time (IHA-DMNB), were investigated. Results show that HA-DMNB is more resistant to hyaluronidase than HA, and HA-DMNB could release free carboxyl groups of HA upon ultraviolet to bond with H2O. More importantly, HA-DMNB was protective against UV light. In addition, HA-DMNB and IHA-DMNB were observed to be nontoxic to HaCat cells. This study indicates that HA-DMNB may be effectively used as a moisture-preserving reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Mu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jinyou Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Abstract
AbstractThe development of light-sensitive media based on organic, mostly heterocyclic compounds that have no fluorescence in their initial form but provide fluorescent photoproducts formation is considered in this review. Materials with photoinduced irreversible fluorescence appear to be the most promising in the design of recording media for 3D archive optical memory. Photoactivatable fluorophores are also of interest for use in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii F. Traven
- 1D. I. Mendeleev Russian University for Chemistry and Technology, Miusskaya st.3, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii A. Cheptsov
- 1D. I. Mendeleev Russian University for Chemistry and Technology, Miusskaya st.3, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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Gwizdala C, Basa PN, MacDonald JC, Burdette SC. Increasing the Dynamic Range of Metal Ion Affinity Changes in Zn2+ Photocages Using Multiple Nitrobenzyl Groups. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8483-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Gwizdala
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road U-3060, Storrs, Connecticut
06269, United States
| | - Prem N. Basa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute,
100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
| | - John C. MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute,
100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
| | - Shawn C. Burdette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute,
100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
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11
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Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Yang H, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang P. Development of a Photolabile Carbonyl-Protecting Group Toolbox. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2040-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haishen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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13
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1-Acetylpyrene with dual functions as an environment-sensitive fluorophore and fluorescent photoremovable protecting group. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Kilic F, Kashikar ND, Schmidt R, Alvarez L, Dai L, Weyand I, Wiesner B, Goodwin N, Hagen V, Kaupp UB. Caged Progesterone: A New Tool for Studying Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Progesterone. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4027-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808334f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Kilic
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nachiket D. Kashikar
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luru Dai
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Weyand
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Normann Goodwin
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Hagen
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U. Benjamin Kaupp
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Neurowissenschaften and Biophysik 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and Abteilung für Molekulare Neurosensorik, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar) Bonn, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Neurotransmitter amino acid—oxobenzo[f]benzopyran conjugates: synthesis and photorelease studies. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Wang P, Wang Y, Hu H, Spencer C, Liang X, Pan L. Sequential Removal of Photolabile Protecting Groups for Carbonyls with Controlled Wavelength. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6152-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8008275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Huayou Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Cierra Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Lurong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Oates
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109
| | - Paul B. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109
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18
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Jones PB, Brinson RG, Sarma SJ, Elkazaz S. Observation of heavy atom effects in the development of water soluble caged 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4204-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b810954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Wang P, Hu H, Wang Y. Application of the excited state meta effect in photolabile protecting group design. Org Lett 2007; 9:2831-3. [PMID: 17580889 DOI: 10.1021/ol071085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel photolabile protecting group for carbonyl compounds has been developed, based on the excited state meta effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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20
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel type of photo-protecting group for carbonyl compounds is described. The protecting group is readily accessed in one step from commercially available material. Installation of the protecting group upon the carbonyl compounds is achieved in excellent yields. The carbonyl compounds in their protected form are remarkably stable under various conditions and can be released photochemically in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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21
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Anthraquinon-2-ylethyl-1′,2′-diol (Aqe-diol) as a new photolabile protecting group for aldehydes and ketones. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Bhaskar G, Prabhakar S, Ravi Kumar M, Narsimhaji CV, Srinivas K, Vairamani M. Characterisation of a series of acetals/ketals of bis(2-nitrophenyl) ethanediol and bis(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl) ethanediol under APCI mass spectrometric conditions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1608-14. [PMID: 16830358 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A series acetals/ketals of aldehydes and ketones formed by the reaction of two photolabile protecting groups, bis(2-nitrophenyl) ethanediol and bis(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl) ethanediol (I and II, respectively), were analysed under EI, LSIMS, ESI and APCI conditions to obtain molecular weights as well as structural information. The EI and LSIMS techniques failed to give molecular weight information. The positive ESI yielded [M + H](+) ions only for I; however, with added Na(+) both I and II formed [M + Na](+) adducts. But upon decomposition, the [M + Na](+) ions yielded Na(+) ion as the only product ion. Similarly, under negative ion ESI conditions both I and II gave molecular weight information by forming adduct ions with halide anions (F(-), Cl(-), Br(-) and I(-)); however, they did not give structural information as they resulted in only the halide anion as the abundant fragment ion upon dissociation. All the compounds formed abundant M(-*) ions under negative ion APCI conditions, and their MS/MS spectra showed characteristic fragment ions; hence the acetals/ketals of I and II could be successfully characterized under negative ion APCI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bhaskar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India-500 007, India
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23
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Lapeyre M, Leprince J, Massonneau M, Oulyadi H, Renard PY, Romieu A, Turcatti G, Vaudry H. Aryldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Ardec): A New Family of Amine Protecting Groups Removable under Mild Reducing Conditions and Their Applications to Peptide Synthesis. Chemistry 2006; 12:3655-71. [PMID: 16514683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of phenyldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Phdec) and 2-pyridyldithioethyloxycarbonyl (Pydec) protecting groups, which are thiol-labile urethanes, is described. These new disulfide-based protecting groups were introduced onto the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine; the resulting amino acid derivatives were easily converted into N alpha-Fmoc building blocks suitable for both solid- and solution-phase peptide synthesis. Model dipeptide(Ardec)s were prepared by using classical peptide couplings followed by standard deprotection protocols. They were used to optimize the conditions for complete thiolytic removal of the Ardec groups both in aqueous and organic media. Phdec and Pydec were found to be cleaved within 15 to 30 min under mild reducing conditions: i) by treatment with dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol in Tris.HCl buffer (pH 8.5-9.0) for deprotection in water and ii) by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol and 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in N-methylpyrrolidinone for deprotection in an organic medium. Successful solid-phase synthesis of hexapeptides Ac-Lys-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Lys(Ardec)-NH2 has clearly demonstrated the full orthogonality of these new amino protecting groups with Fmoc and Boc protections. The utility of the Ardec orthogonal deprotection strategy for site-specific chemical modification of peptides bearing several amino groups was illustrated firstly by the preparation of a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 protease containing the cyanine dyes Cy 3.0 and Cy 5.0 as FRET donor/acceptor pair, and by solid-phase synthesis of an hexapeptide bearing a single biotin reporter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaine Lapeyre
- IRCOF/LHO, Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, UMR 6014 CNRS, INSA de Rouen et Université de Rouen, 1, rue Tesnières, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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