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Shen GH, Hong JH. Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Analogs Linked with Cyclic Systems between the Phosphonate and the Base Moieties. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5918-5948. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) analogs linked with cyclic systems
are described in the present review. The purpose of the review is to report the methodology of
ANP analogs and to give an idea on the synthesis of a therapeutic structural feature of such analogs.
The cyclopropane systems were mainly prepared by diazomethane cyclopropanation catalyzed by
Pd(OAc)2, intramolecular alkylation, Kulinkovich cyclopropanation, and use of difluorocyclopropane,
and so forth. The preparation of methylenecyclopropane system was made by diazoacetate
cyclopropanation catalyzed by Rhodium followed by addition-elimination reactions. For the preparation
of a variety of tethered 1,2,3-triazole systems, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azidealkylphosphonates
and propargylated nucleobases was mainly applied. The formation of various
phosphonate moieties was achieved via phosphonylation of alkoxide, cross-coupling between
BrZnCF2P (O)(OEt)2 with iodoalkens catalyzed by CuBr, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with phosphite,
and Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huan Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Treatment for Senile Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Joon Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic 5′-nornucleoside phosphonate analogues. Carbohydr Res 2018; 463:47-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chanthamath S, Ozaki S, Shibatomi K, Iwasa S. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropylphosphonates Catalyzed by Chiral Ru(II)-Pheox Complex. Org Lett 2014; 16:3012-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501135p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soda Chanthamath
- Department of Environmental
and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,
Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Seiya Ozaki
- Department of Environmental
and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,
Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shibatomi
- Department of Environmental
and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,
Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Environmental
and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,
Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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Faísca Phillips AM, Barros MT. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of α-Cyclopropylphosphonates through a Domino Michael Addition/Intramolecular Alkylation Reaction. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Prichard MN, Williams JD, Komazin-Meredith G, Khan AR, Price NB, Jefferson GM, Harden EA, Hartline CB, Peet NP, Bowlin TL. Synthesis and antiviral activities of methylenecyclopropane analogs with 6-alkoxy and 6-alkylthio substitutions that exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity against human herpesviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3518-27. [PMID: 23669381 PMCID: PMC3719742 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00429-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenecyclopropane nucleosides have been reported to be active against many of the human herpesviruses. The most active compound of this class is cyclopropavir (CPV), which exhibits good antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus, both variants of human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8. CPV has two hydroxymethyl groups on the methylenecyclopropane ring, but analogs with a single hydroxymethyl group, such as the prototypical (S)-synguanol, are also active and exhibit a broader spectrum of antiviral activity that also includes hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Here, a large set of monohydroxymethyl compounds with ether and thioether substituents at the 6 position of the purine was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity against a range of human herpesviruses. Some of these analogs had a broader spectrum of antiviral activity than CPV, in that they also inhibited the replication of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus. Interestingly, the antiviral activity of these compounds appeared to be dependent on the activity of the HCMV UL97 kinase but was relatively unaffected by the absence of thymidine kinase activity in HSV. These data taken together indicate that the mechanism of action of these analogs is distinct from that of CPV. They also suggest that they might be useful as broad-spectrum antiherpesvirus agents and may be effective in the treatment of resistant virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Prichard
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Yu L, Guo R. Recent Advances on the Preparation and Reactivity of Methylenecyclopropanes. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2011.564551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Verbrugghen T, Cos P, Maes L, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis and Evaluation of α-Halogenated Analogues of 3-(Acetylhydroxyamino)propylphosphonic Acid (FR900098) as Antimalarials. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5342-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verbrugghen
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Audran G, Pellissier H. Synthesis of Methylene- and Alkylidenecyclopropane Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Freudendahl
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK, Fax: +44‐29‐2087‐6968
| | - Sohail A. Shahzad
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK, Fax: +44‐29‐2087‐6968
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK, Fax: +44‐29‐2087‐6968
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Al Quntar AAA, Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M. α-, β-,γ- AND ω-CYCLOPROPYLPHOSPHONATES. PREPARATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940809458117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alnasleh BK, Sherrill WM, Rubin M. Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrophosphorylation and Hydrophosphinylation of Cyclopropenes. Org Lett 2008; 10:3231-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8011138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam K. Alnasleh
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - William M. Sherrill
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
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Methylene-2-ethynylcyclopropanes: synthesis and biological activity of (Z)- and (E)-9-{[2-ethynyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene]methyl}adenine and -guanine. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li C, Zemlicka J. Synthesis of "reversed" methylenecyclopropane analogues of antiviral phosphonates. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 26:111-20. [PMID: 17162591 DOI: 10.1080/15257770601052349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of "reversed" methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleoside phosphonates 6a,7a, 6b, and 7b is described. 1-Bromo-1-bromomethylcyclopropane 8 was converted to the bromocyclopropyl phosphonate 9 by Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with triisopropyl phosphite. Base-catalyzed beta-elimination and deacetylation gave the key Z- and E-hydroxymethylcyclopropyl phosphonates 10 and 11 separated by chromatography. The Mitsunobu type of alkylation of 10 or 11 with adenine or 2-amino-6-chloropurine afforded phosphonates 12a, 12b, 13a, and 13b. Acid hydrolysis furnished the adenine and guanine analogues 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b. The E and Z configuration was assigned on the basis of NOE experiments with phosphonates 6b and 7b. All Z- and E-isomers were also distinguished by different chemical shifts of CH2O or CH2N (H4 or H4'). Significant differences of the chemical shifts of the cyclopropane C3(3') carbons and coupling constants 3JP,C2(2') or 3JP,C3(3') selective for the Z- or E-isomers were also noted. Phosphonates 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b are devoid of significant antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Li
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201-1379, USA
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Zemlicka J. Methylenecyclopropane Analogues of Nucleosides as Anti-herpes Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-8593(06)05003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Choo H, Beadle JR, Kern ER, Prichard MN, Keith KA, Hartline CB, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Korba BE, Hostetler KY. Antiviral activities of novel 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides and their alkoxyalkyl phosphonoesters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:611-5. [PMID: 17130297 PMCID: PMC1797766 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00444-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three acyclic nucleoside phosphonates are currently approved for clinical use against infections caused by cytomegalovirus (Vistide), hepatitis B virus (Hepsera), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (Viread). This important antiviral class inhibits viral polymerases after cellular uptake and conversion to their diphosphates, bypassing the first phosphorylation, which is required for conventional nucleoside antivirals. Small chemical alterations in the acyclic side chain lead to marked differences in antiviral activity and the spectrum of activity of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against various classes of viral agents. We synthesized a new class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates based on a 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl base motif in which the oxygen heteroatom usually present in acyclic nucleoside phosphonates has been replaced with a double bond. Since the intrinsic phosphonate moiety leads to low oral bioavailability and impaired cellular penetration, we also prepared the hexadecyloxypropyl esters of the 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides. Our earlier work showed that this markedly increases antiviral activity and oral bioavailability. Although the 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides themselves were not active, the hexadecyloxypropyl esters were active against DNA viruses and hepatitis B virus, in vitro. Notably, the hexadecyloxypropyl ester of 9-(5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl)-adenine was active against hepatitis B virus mutants resistant to lamivudine, emtricitabine, and adefovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Choo
- Department of Medicine (0676), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0676, USA
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