1
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Lou D, Duan H, Wang D, Cao Y, Cui J, Duan J, Tan J. Characterization of a novel 3-quinuclidinone reductase possessing remarkable thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130799. [PMID: 38479663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The 3-quinuclidinone reductase plays an irreplaceable role in the biopreparation of (R)-3-quinuclidinol, an intermediate vital for synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Thermal robustness is a critical factor for enzymatic synthesis in industrial applications. This study characterized a new 3-quinuclidinone reductase, named SaQR, with significant thermal stability. The SaQR was overexpressed in a GST-fused state, and substrate and cofactor screening were conducted. Additionally, three-dimensional structure prediction using AlphaFold and analysis were performed, along with relevant thermostability tests, and the evaluation of factors influencing enzyme activity. The findings highlight the remarkable thermostability of SaQR, retaining over 90% of its activity after 72 h at 50°C, with an optimal operational temperature of 85°C. SaQR showed typical structural traits of the SDR superfamily, with its cofactor-determining residue being aspartic acid, conferring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) preference. Moreover, K+ and Na+, at a concentration of 400 mM, could significantly enhance the activity, while Mg2+ and Mn2+ only display inhibitory effects within the tested concentration range. The findings of molecular dynamics simulations suggest that high temperatures may disrupt the binding of enzyme to substrate by increasing the flexibility of residues 205-215. In conclusion, this study reports a novel 3-quinuclidinone reductase with remarkable thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Hongtao Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jinghao Cui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jingfa Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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2
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Kim KH, Lee CW, Pardhe BD, Hwang J, Do H, Lee YM, Lee JH, Oh TJ. Crystal structure of an apo 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reveals key structural changes induced by substrate and co-factor binding. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105945. [PMID: 34171491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a hydroxyl group at the 7α position in steroid substrates using NAD+ or NADP+ as a co-factor. Although studies have determined the binary and ternary complex structures, detailed structural changes induced by ligand and co-factor binding remain unclear, because ligand-free structures are not yet available. Here, we present the crystal structure of apo 7α-HSDH from Escherichia coli (Eco-7α-HSDH) at 2.7 Å resolution. We found that the apo form undergoes substantial conformational changes in the β4-α4 loop, α7-α8 helices, and C-terminus loop among the four subunits comprising the tetramer. Furthermore, a comparison of the apo structure with the binary (NAD+)-complex and ternary (NADH and 7-oxoglycochenodeoxycholic acid)-complex Eco-7α-HSDH structures revealed that only the ternary-complex structure has a fully closed conformation, whereas the binary-complex and apo structures have a semi-closed or open conformation. This open-to-closed transition forces several catalytically important residues (S146, Y159, and K163) into correct positions for catalysis. To confirm the catalytic activity, we used alcohol dehydrogenase for NAD+ regeneration to allow efficient conversion of chenodeoxycholic acid to 7-ketolithocholic acid by Eco-7α-HSDH. These findings demonstrate that apo Eco-7α-HSDH exhibits intrinsically flexible characteristics with an open conformation. This structural information provides novel insight into the 7α-HSDH reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hwa Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Bashu Dev Pardhe
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisub Hwang
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackwon Do
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Mi Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lou D, Liu X, Tan J. An Overview of 7α- and 7β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: Structure, Specificity and Practical Application. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1206-1219. [PMID: 34397319 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210816114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are key enzymes involved in bile acid metabolism. They catalyze the epimerization of a hydroxyl group through 7-keto bile acid intermediates. Basic research of the two enzymes has focused on exploring new enzymes and the structure-function relationship. The application research focused on the in vitro biosynthesis of bile acid drugs and the exploration and improvement of their catalytic ability based on molecular engineering. This article summarized the primary and advanced structural characteristics, specificities, biochemical properties, and applications of the two enzymes. The emphasis is also given to obtaining of novel 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that are thermally stable and active in the presence of organic solvents, high substrate concentration, and extreme pH values. To achieve these goals, enzyme redesigning based on protein engineering and genomics may be the most useful approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
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4
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Bertuletti S, Bayout I, Bassanini I, Ferrandi EE, Bouzemi N, Monti D, Riva S. Biocatalytic Approaches to the Enantiomers of Wieland–Miescher Ketone and its Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Ikram Bayout
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
- Ecocompatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE). Badji Mokhtar Annaba-University BP12 Annaba 23000 Algeria
| | - Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Erica E. Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Nassima Bouzemi
- Ecocompatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE). Badji Mokhtar Annaba-University BP12 Annaba 23000 Algeria
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
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5
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Bertuletti S, Ferrandi EE, Marzorati S, Vanoni M, Riva S, Monti D. Insights into the Substrate Promiscuity of Novel Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano Via Giuseppe Colombo 60 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Stefano Marzorati
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Marta Vanoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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6
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Ferrandi EE, Bertuletti S, Monti D, Riva S. Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: An Ongoing Story. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Giuseppe Colombo 60 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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7
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Sudhakara S, Ramakrishnan C, Gromiha MM, Chadha A. New insights into the stereospecific reduction by an (S) specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330: experimental and QM/MM studies. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of an (S) specific carbonyl reductase from C. parapsilosis ATCC 7330 showing a dual kinetic response for the reduction of ketones and α-ketoesters suggests different reaction mechanisms for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sudhakara
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
| | - Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan
- Protein Bioinformatics lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
| | - Anju Chadha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
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8
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Tang S, Pan Y, Lou D, Ji S, Zhu L, Tan J, Qi N, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Yang B, Zhao W, Wang B. Structural and functional characterization of a novel acidophilic 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Protein Sci 2019; 28:910-919. [PMID: 30839141 PMCID: PMC6460000 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) is an NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. In vitro, 7α-HSDH is involved in the efficient biotransformation of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) to tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). In this study, a gene encoding novel 7α-HSDH (named as St-2-1) from fecal samples of black bear was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein has subunits of 28.3 kDa and a native size of 56.6 kDa, which suggested a homodimer. We studied the relevant properties of the enzyme, including the optimum pH, optimum temperature, thermal stability, activators, and inhibitors. Interestingly, the data showed that St-2-1 differs from the 7α-HSDHs reported in the literature, as it functions under acidic conditions. The enzyme displayed its optimal activity at pH 5.5 (TCDCA). The acidophilic nature of 7α-HSDH expands its application environment and the natural enzyme bank of HSDHs, providing a promising candidate enzyme for the biosynthesis of TUDCA or other related chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir RegionSchool of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of EducationChongqing 400067China
| | - Shunlin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
- Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching CenterCollege of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir RegionSchool of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of EducationChongqing 400067China
| | - Na Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional MaterialsCollaborative Innovation Center for Green Development in Wuling Mountain Areas, Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 408100China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Biling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China
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9
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Lou D, Wang Y, Tan J, Zhu L, Ji S, Wang B. Functional contribution of coenzyme specificity-determining sites of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Clostridium absonum. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:89-95. [PMID: 28826103 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the molecular determinants of coenzyme specificity help to reveal the structure-function relationship of enzymes, especially with regards to coenzyme specificity-determining sites (CSDSs) that usually mediate complex interactions. NADP(H)-dependent 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Clostridium absonum (CA 7α-HSDH), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDRs), possesses positively charged CSDSs that mainly contain T15, R16, R38, and R194, forming complicated polar interactions with the adenosine ribose C2 phosphate group of NADP(H). The R38 residue is crucial for coenzyme anchoring, but the influence of the other residues on coenzyme utilization is still not clear. Hence, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results suggest that the natural CSDSs have the greatest NADP(H)-binding affinity, but not the best activity (kcat) toward NADP+. Compared with the wild type and other mutants, the mutant R194A showed the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), which was more than three-times that of the wild type. MD simulation and kinetics analysis suggested that the importance of the CSDSs of CA 7α-HSDH should be in accordance with the following order R38>T15>R16>R194, and S39 may have a supporting role in NADP(H) anchoring for mutants R16A/T194A and T15A/R16A/T194A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Lou
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Shunlin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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10
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The three-dimensional structure of Clostridium absonum 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: new insights into the conserved arginines for NADP(H) recognition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22885. [PMID: 26961171 PMCID: PMC4785404 DOI: 10.1038/srep22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) can catalyse the oxidation of C7 α-OH of the steroid nucleus in the bile acid metabolism. In the paper we determined the crystal structure of 7α-HSDH from Clostridium absonum (CA 7α-HSDH) complexed with taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and NADP(+) by X-ray diffraction, which, as a tetramer, possesses the typical α/β folding pattern. The four subunits of an asymmetric unit lie in the fact that there are the stable hydrophobic interactions between Q-axis-related subunits. Significantly, we captured an active state of the NADP(+), confirming that nicotinamide moiety of NADP(+) act as electron carrier in the dehydrogenation. On the basis of crystal structure analysis, site-directed mutagenesis and MD simulation, furthermore, we find that the guanidinium of Arg38 can form the stable cation-π interaction with the adenine ring of NADP(+), and the cation-π interaction and hydrogen bonds between Arg38 and NADP(+) have a significant anchor effect on the cofactor binding to CA 7α-HSDH.
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11
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Chinthapally K, Baskaran S. A chemoselective oxidation of monosubstituted ethylene glycol: facile synthesis of optically active α-hydroxy acids. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4305-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient method for the chemoselective oxidation of monosubstituted ethylene glycols to optically active α-hydroxy acids has been achieved using the TEMPO–NaOCl reagent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chinthapally
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
| | - Sundarababu Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
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12
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Ferrandi EE, Monti D, Patel I, Kittl R, Haltrich D, Riva S, Ludwig R. Exploitation of a Laccase/Meldola’s Blue System for NAD+Regeneration in Preparative Scale Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidations. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Kuriata-Adamusiak R, Strub D, Lochyński S. Application of microorganisms towards synthesis of chiral terpenoid derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1427-36. [PMID: 22846902 PMCID: PMC3427490 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformations are a standard tool of green chemistry and thus are following the rules of sustainable development. In this article, we describe the most common types of reactions conducted by microorganisms applied towards synthesis of chiral terpenoid derivatives. Potential applications of obtained products in various areas of industry and agriculture are shown. We also describe biological activity of presented compounds. Stereoselective hydroxylation, epoxidation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, stereo- and enantioselective reduction of ketones, and various kinetic resolutions carried out by bacteria and fungi have been reviewed. Mechanistic considerations regarding chemical and enzymatic reactions are presented. We also briefly describe modern approaches towards enhancing desired enzymatic activity in order to apply modified biocatalysts as an efficient tool and green alternative to chemical catalysts used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kuriata-Adamusiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50–370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Strub
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50–370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Lochyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50–370 Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Cosmetology, Wrocław College of Physiotherapy, Kościuszki 4, 50–038 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Naik HG, Yeniad B, Koning CE, Heise A. Investigation of asymmetric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) reduction of acetophenone derivatives: effect of charge density. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4961-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Liu Y, Lv T, Ren J, Wang M, Wu Q, Zhu D. The catalytic promiscuity of a microbial 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Reduction of non-steroidal carbonyl compounds. Steroids 2011; 76:1136-40. [PMID: 21600233 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 was found to catalyze the reduction of various benzaldehyde analogues to their corresponding benzyl alcohols. The enzyme activity was dependent upon the substituent on the benzene ring of the substrates. Benzaldehydes with electron-withdrawing substituent usually showed higher activity than those with electron-donating groups. Furthermore, this enzyme was tolerant to some organic solvents. These results together with previous studies suggested that 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from B. fragilis might play multiple functional roles in biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics containing carbonyl groups in the large intestine. In addition, its broad substrate spectrum offers great potential for finding applications not only in the synthesis of steroidal compounds of pharmaceutical importance, but also for the production of other high-value fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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16
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García-Urdiales E, Alfonso I, Gotor V. Update 1 of: Enantioselective Enzymatic Desymmetrizations in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR110-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100330u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Urdiales
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
and
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Biológica
y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada
de Cataluña (IQAC, CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
and
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17
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Richter N, Hummel W. Biochemical characterisation of a NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase from Neurospora crassa reducing α- and β-keto esters. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:472-9. [PMID: 22113019 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase from Neurospora crassa (nccr) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme (NcCR) was purified and biochemically characterised. NcCR exhibited a restricted substrate spectrum towards various ketones, and the highest activity (468U/mg) was observed with dihydroxyacetone. However, NcCR proved to be very selective in the reduction of different α- and β-keto esters. Several compounds were converted to the corresponding hydroxy ester in high enantiomeric excess (ee) at high conversion rates. The enantioselectivity of NcCR for the reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate showed a strong dependence on temperature. This effect was studied in detail, revealing that the ee could be substantially increased by decreasing the temperature from 40 °C (78.8%) to -3 °C (98.0%). When the experimental conditions were optimised to improve the optical purity of the product, (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (ee 98.0%) was successfully produced on a 300 mg (1.8 mmol) scale using NcCR at -3 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Richter
- evocatal GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Li H, Yang Y, Zhu D, Hua L, Kantardjieff K. Highly Enantioselective Mutant Carbonyl Reductases Created via Structure-Based Site-Saturation Mutagenesis. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7559-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101541n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Dunming Zhu
- State Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Ling Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
- China Research Center, Genencor, A Danisco Division, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Katherine Kantardjieff
- Department of Chemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, United States
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19
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Monti D, Ferrandi EE, Zanellato I, Hua L, Polentini F, Carrea G, Riva S. One-Pot Multienzymatic Synthesis of 12-Ketoursodeoxycholic Acid: Subtle Cofactor Specificities Rule the Reaction Equilibria of Five Biocatalysts Working in a Row. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Lavandera I, Höller B, Kern A, Ellmer U, Glieder A, de Wildeman S, Kroutil W. Asymmetric anti-Prelog reduction of ketones catalysed by Paracoccus pantotrophus and Comamonas sp. cells via hydrogen transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Lavandera I, Kern A, Ferreira-Silva B, Glieder A, de Wildeman S, Kroutil W. Stereoselective Bioreduction of Bulky-Bulky Ketones by a Novel ADH from Ralstonia sp. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6003-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Lavandera
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kern
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Ferreira-Silva
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Glieder
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan de Wildeman
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis c/o Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria, and DSM Pharmaceutical Products, P.O. Box 18, 6160, MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Lavandera I, Oberdorfer G, Gross J, de Wildeman S, Kroutil W. Stereocomplementary Asymmetric Reduction of Bulky–Bulky Ketones by Biocatalytic Hydrogen Transfer. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Chen Y, Xu J, Xu X, Xia Y, Lin H, Xia S, Wang L. Enantiocomplementary preparation of (S)- and (R)-mandelic acid derivatives via α-hydroxylation of 2-arylacetic acid derivatives and reduction of α-ketoester using microbial whole cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Yang Y, Zhu D, Piegat TJ, Hua L. Enzymatic ketone reduction: mapping the substrate profile of a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (YMR226c) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Rochon FD, Yang Y, Hua L, Kayser MM. Synthesis of oxazolidines using DMSO/P4O10 as a formaldehyde equivalent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kratzer R, Nidetzky B. Identification of Candida tenuis xylose reductase as highly selective biocatalyst for the synthesis of aromatic alpha-hydroxy esters and improvement of its efficiency by protein engineering. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1047-9. [PMID: 17325801 DOI: 10.1039/b616475g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type Candida tenuis xylose reductase and two Trp-23 mutants thereof catalyze NADH-dependent reduction of a homologous series of aromatic alpha-keto esters with absolute pseudo re-face stereoselectivity and broad tolerance for the substituent on the aromatic ring, producing the corresponding R-alcohols in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Kratzer
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria c/o Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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27
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Zhu D, Malik HT, Hua L. Asymmetric ketone reduction by a hyperthermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase. The substrate specificity, enantioselectivity and tolerance of organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Zhu D, Yang Y, Buynak JD, Hua L. Stereoselective ketone reduction by a carbonyl reductase from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Substrate specificity, enantioselectivity and enzyme-substrate docking studies. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2690-5. [PMID: 16826293 DOI: 10.1039/b606001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our effort to search for effective carbonyl reductases, the activity and enantioselectivity of a carbonyl reductase from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor have been evaluated toward the reduction of a variety of ketones. This carbonyl reductase (SSCR) reduces a broad spectrum of ketones including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, as well as alpha- and beta-ketoesters. Among these substrates, SSCR shows highest activity for the reduction of alpha-ketoesters. Aromatic alpha-ketoesters are reduced to (S)-alpha-hydroxy esters, while (R)-enantiomers are obtained from the reduction of aliphatic counterparts. This interesting observation is consistent with enzyme-substrate docking studies, which show that hydride transfer occurs at the different faces of carbonyl group for aromatic and aliphatic alpha-ketoesters. It is worthy to note that sterically bulky ketone substrates, such as 2'-methoxyacetophenone, 1-adamantyl methyl ketone, ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate and ethyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutanoate, are reduced to the corresponding alcohols with excellent optical purity. Thus, SSCR possesses an unusually broad substrate specificity and is especially useful for the reduction of ketones with sterically bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
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