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In Melting Points We Trust: A Review on the Misguiding Characterization of Multicomponent Reactions Adducts and Intermediates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217552. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss herein the problems associated with using melting points to characterize multicomponent reactions’ (MCRs) products and intermediates. Although surprising, it is not rare to find articles in which these MCRs final adducts (or their intermediates) are characterized solely by comparing melting points with those available from other reports. A brief survey among specialized articles highlights serious and obvious problems with this practice since, for instance, cases are found in which as many as 25 quite contrasting melting points have been attributed to the very same MCR adduct. Indeed, it seems logical to assume that the inherent non-confirmatory nature of melting points could be vastly misleading as a protocol for structural confirmation, but still many publications (also in the Q1 and Q2 quartiles) insist on using it. This procedure contradicts best practices in organic synthesis, and articles fraught with limitations and misleading conclusions have been published in the MCRs field. The drawbacks inherent to this practice are indeed serious and have misguided MCRs advances. We therefore suggest some precautions aimed at avoiding future confusions.
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Pumice as a Novel Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Designation of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2-(1 H)-ones/thiones under Solvent-Free Conditions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186044. [PMID: 36144781 PMCID: PMC9503633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, pumice is used as a novel natural heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones/thiones via the one-pot multi-component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, urea/thiourea, and ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone in excellent yields (up to 98%). The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were studied. Their geochemical analysis revealed a basaltic composition. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction showed that it is composed of amorphous materials with clinoptilolite and heulandites zeolite minerals in its pores. Moreover, pumice has a porosity range from 78.2–83.9% (by volume) and is characterized by a mesoporous structure (pore size range from 21.1 to 64.5 nm). Additionally, it has a pore volume between 0.00531 and 0.00781 m2/g and a surface area between 0.053 and 1.47 m2/g. The latter facilitated the reaction to proceed in a short time frame as well as in excellent yields. It is worth noting that our strategy tolerates the use of readily available, cheap, non-toxic, and thermally stable pumice catalyst. The reactions proceeded smoothly under solvent-free conditions, and products were isolated without tedious workup procedures in good yields and high purity. Indeed, pumice can be reused for at least five reuse cycles without affecting its activity.
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Kaur N, Sharma K, Grewal P. Synthesis of heterocycles from urea and its derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry & Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Karimi Zarchi MA, Hajati F, Mirjalili BF. A facile one-pot three component synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones or thiones promoted by a polymer-supported BF3 under solvent-free conditions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Neto BAD, Rocha RO, Rodrigues MO. Catalytic Approaches to Multicomponent Reactions: A Critical Review and Perspectives on the Roles of Catalysis. Molecules 2021; 27:132. [PMID: 35011363 PMCID: PMC8746711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR field of research. Considering that MCRs typically have two or more possible reaction pathways to explain the transformation, catalysis is essential for selecting a reaction route and avoiding byproduct formation. Key parameters, such as temperature, catalyst amounts and reagent quantities, were analyzed. Solvent effects, which are likely the most neglected topic in MCRs, as well as their combined roles with catalysis, are critically discussed. Stereocontrolled MCRs, rarely observed without the presence of a catalytic system, are also presented and discussed in this review. Perspectives on the use of catalytic systems for improved and greener MCRs are finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
| | - Rafael O. Rocha
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
| | - Marcelo O. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG72RD, UK
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Wieczorek-Błauż A, Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Makal A, Pawlędzio S, Eurtivong C, Arabshahi HJ, Reynisson J, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Impact of the ferrocenyl group on cytotoxicity and KSP inhibitory activity of ferrocenyl monastrol conjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:491-508. [PMID: 34787141 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of the ferrocenyl moiety into a bioactive molecule may significantly alter the activity of the resulting conjugate. By applying this strategy, we designed ferrocenyl analogs of monastrol - the first low molecular weight kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor. The obtained compounds showed low micromolar antiproliferative activity towards a panel of sensitive and ABC-overexpressing cancer cells. Most cytotoxic compounds exhibited also higher KSP modulatory activity and ability for ROS generation compared to monastrol. The increased bioactivity of the studied compounds can be attributed to the presence of the ferrocenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wieczorek-Błauż
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Science, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Homayon J Arabshahi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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7
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Khasimbi S, Ali F, Manda K, Sharma A, Chauhan G, Wakode S. Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:270-293. [PMID: 33290199 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201207215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc. Objective: This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/ thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds, which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design, synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, "Biginelli reaction" and plays a critical role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide range of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kiran Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Andhra University South Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
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8
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Chopda LV, Dave PN. Fe(III)/Bentonite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakha V Chopda
- Department of Chemistry KSKV Kachchh University Bhuj India
| | - Pragnesh N. Dave
- Department of Chemistry KSKV Kachchh University Bhuj India
- Department Of Chemistry Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar India
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do Nascimento LG, Dias IM, Meireles de Souza GB, Dancini-Pontes I, Fernandes NRC, de Souza PS, Roberto de Oliveira G, Alonso CG. Niobium Oxides as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biginelli Multicomponent Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11170-11180. [PMID: 32786650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a simple, reusable, and recoverable niobium-based heterogeneous catalysts for Biginelli multicomponent reactions. Different methods of catalysts preparation were investigated. For this purpose, HY-340 (Nb2O5·nH2O) and Nb2O5 were chemically and/or thermally treated and investigated as catalysts for dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) production. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, adsorption/desorption of N2 at -196 °C, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The characterization results showed that niobium oxides have the potential to be used as catalysts because of high crystallinity and large surface area. Among the tested catalysts, Nb2O5 chemically treated (Nb2O5/T) showed the best catalytic performance. In the absence of solvents, 94% yield of DHPMs was achieved. Also, Nb2O5/T can be reused three times without a significant yield decrease. Additionally, a feasible reaction pathway was suggested based on the Knoevenagel mechanism for DHPM synthesis using niobium-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Milhomem Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Dancini-Pontes
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Sérgio de Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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10
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Zanin LL, Porto ALM. HClO
4
‐Al
2
O
3
as a Prominent Catalyst in the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1
H
)‐ones/thiones under Environmentally Friendly Solvent Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L. Zanin
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e BiocatáliseInstituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina 13563-120 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - André L. M. Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e BiocatáliseInstituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina 13563-120 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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11
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Costanzo P, Nardi M, Oliverio M. Similarity and Competition between Biginelli and Hantzsch Reactions: an Opportunity for Modern Medicinal Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
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12
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Sahota N, AbuSalim DI, Wang ML, Brown CJ, Zhang Z, El-Baba TJ, Cook SP, Clemmer DE. A microdroplet-accelerated Biginelli reaction: mechanisms and separation of isomers using IMS-MS. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4822-4827. [PMID: 31160956 PMCID: PMC6509997 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00704k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques is used to examine the Biginelli reaction in an ensemble of ions generated from droplets.
Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques is used to examine the Biginelli reaction in an ensemble of ions generated from droplets. We find evidence for rapid dihydropyrimidinone formation from condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, benzaldehyde, and urea on the very short timescales associated with the electrospray process (∼10 μs to ∼1.0 ms). Control bulk-solution reactions show no product formation even after several days. This implies that the in-droplet reaction rate is enhanced by an astonishing factor. Examination of the reaction conditions and characterization of the intermediates en route to product shows evidence for variations in the reaction mechanism. IMS separation shows that the Knoevenagel condensation intermediate from benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate exists as both the cis- and trans-isomer, in a ∼5 to 1 ratio. We suggest that the dramatic acceleration arises because of increased reagent confinement as electrosprayed droplets shrink. The ability of IMS-MS to resolve intermediates (including isomers) provides a new means of understanding reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Sahota
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Deyaa I AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Melinda L Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Zhicaho Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - Silas P Cook
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , IN 47405-7102 , USA . ;
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Kong R, Han SB, Wei JY, Peng XC, Xie ZB, Gong SS, Sun Q. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-ones (DHPMs) Catalyzed by Hf(OTf)₄: Mechanistic Insights into Reaction Pathways under Metal Lewis Acid Catalysis and Solvent-Free Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:E364. [PMID: 30669606 PMCID: PMC6359175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In our studies on the catalytic activity of Group IVB transition metal Lewis acids, Hf(OTf)₄ was identified as a highly potent catalyst for "one-pot, three-component" Biginelli reaction. More importantly, it was found that solvent-free conditions, in contrast to solvent-based conditions, could dramatically promote the Hf(OTf)₄-catalyzed formation of 3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones. To provide a mechanistic explanation, we closely examined the catalytic effects of Hf(OTf)₄ on all three potential reaction pathways in both "sequential bimolecular condensations" and "one-pot, three-component" manners. The experimental results showed that the synergistic effects of solvent-free conditions and Hf(OTf)₄ catalysis not only drastically accelerate Biginelli reaction by enhancing the imine route and activating the enamine route but also avoid the formation of Knoevenagel adduct, which may lead to an undesired byproduct. In addition, ¹H-MMR tracing of the H-D exchange reaction of methyl acetoacetate in MeOH-d₄ indicated that Hf(IV) cation may significantly accelerate ketone-enol tautomerization and activate the β-ketone moiety, thereby contributing to the overall reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shuai-Bo Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jing-Ying Wei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Chong Peng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhen-Biao Xie
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Gong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Freitas EF, Souza RY, Passos STA, Dias JA, Dias SCL, Neto BAD. Tuning the Biginelli reaction mechanism by the ionic liquid effect: the combined role of supported heteropolyacid derivatives and acidic strength. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27125-27135. [PMID: 35528552 PMCID: PMC9070657 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a combination of heteropolyacids and ionic liquids as a catalytic system was studied for the Biginelli multicomponent reaction; the positive ionic liquid effect associated with the acidic strength of zeolite-supported heteropolyacids made this combination an efficient catalytic system for the multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives. The acidic strength effect was evaluated, and a range was determined in which the reaction provided better results. The mechanism of the reaction was also investigated in the presence and absence of ionic liquids, and two features of paramount importance were revealed: the mechanism could be tuned to proceed through only one reaction path among three possibilities and the kinetics of the reaction was significantly faster in the presence of an ionic liquid. Heteropolyacids and ionic liquid effect allowed tuning of the Biginelli reaction mechanism and synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives in an efficient, recyclable fashion. The role of acidic strength and supported heteropolyacid is disclosed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon F. Freitas
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Roberto Y. Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - Saulo T. A. Passos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - José A. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Silvia C. L. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
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15
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Mohammad Zaheri H, Javanshir S, Hemmati B, Dolatkhah Z, Fardpour M. Magnetic core-shell Carrageenan moss/Fe 3O 4: a polysaccharide-based metallic nanoparticles for synthesis of pyrimidinone derivatives via Biginelli reaction. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:108. [PMID: 30368625 PMCID: PMC6768032 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetically recoverable polysaccharide-based metallic nanoparticles Carrageenan moss/Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@CM) was tested for the synthesis of Pyrimidinone derivatives via Biginelli reaction under reflux conditions in Water. Interestingly, Fe3O4@CM prepared from unmodified Irish moss showed remarkable catalytic activity and recyclability. Low catalyst loading, simple reaction procedure, and using a green catalyst from a natural source are the important merits of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad Zaheri
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Javanshir
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Behnaz Hemmati
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Zahra Dolatkhah
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Maryam Fardpour
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
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16
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Alvim HGO, Pinheiro DLJ, Carvalho-Silva VH, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, da Silva WA, Amarante GW, Neto BAD. Combined Role of the Asymmetric Counteranion-Directed Catalysis (ACDC) and Ionic Liquid Effect for the Enantioselective Biginelli Multicomponent Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12143-12153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haline G. O. Alvim
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle L. J. Pinheiro
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Valter H. Carvalho-Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, P.O. Box 459, Anápolis, Goiás 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Giovanni W. Amarante
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
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17
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Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and thiones. Mol Divers 2018; 22:405-446. [PMID: 29349521 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) are important heterocyclic compounds owing to their excellent biological activities and have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical applications. Recently, numerous DHPM derivatives have been prepared. This review covers the synthesis of DHPMs and improved procedures for the preparation of DHPMs from 1995 to 2016.
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18
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Dhopte KB, Zambare RS, Patwardhan AV, Nemade PR. Role of Degree of Oxidation of Graphene Oxide on Biginelli Reaction Kinetics. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran B. Dhopte
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Rahul S. Zambare
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Anand V. Patwardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Parag R. Nemade
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
- Department of Oils; Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 019 India.Tel.: + 91-22 3361 2027Fax: +91- 22 3361 1020, E-Mail address
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19
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Bahekar SP, Sarode PB, Wadekar MP, Chandak HS. Simple and efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-thiones utilizing l -proline nitrate as a proficient, recyclable and eco-friendly catalyst. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Tkachenko VV, Chebanov VA. Reactions of 3(5)-Aminoisoxazoles Using Classical Methods of Activation, Microwave Irradiation, and Ultrasonication. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-1980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Chegini MG, Mokhtary M. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Chlorosulfonic Acid: An Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones and Octahydroquinazolin-2,5-diones. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1088046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Zhang X, Gu X, Gao Y, Nie S, Lu H. (C5
H6
N4
O)(C5
H5
N4
O)3
(C5
H4
N4
O)[Bi2
Cl11
]Cl2
as a simple and efficient catalyst in Biginelli reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Gao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Nie
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 People's Republic of China
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23
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Microwave-assisted multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and their corresponding 2(1H)-thiones using lanthanum oxide as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Wang P, Wang J, Au CT, Qiu R, Xu X, Yin SF. Air-stable Organobismuth(V) Bisperfluorooctanesulfonate as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of N-Containing Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Keggin and Dawson-type polyoxometalates as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones: experimental and theoretical studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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An L, Han LL, Wang ZJ, Huang TH, Zhu HD. Calix[8]arene Sulfonic Acid Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction for Convenient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones/thiones under Ultrasonic Irradiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:267-71. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
| | - Li-li Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
| | | | - Tong-hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College
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27
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Mobinikhaledi A, Foroughifar N, Khajeh-Amiri A. N-Propylcarbamothioyl benzamide complex of Bi(III) supported on superparamagnetic Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles as a highly efficient and magnetically recoverable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) via the Biginelli reaction. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Puripat M, Ramozzi R, Hatanaka M, Parasuk W, Parasuk V, Morokuma K. The Biginelli Reaction Is a Urea-Catalyzed Organocatalytic Multicomponent Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6959-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maneeporn Puripat
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Waraporn Parasuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vudhichai Parasuk
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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29
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Tkachenko VV, Muravyova EA, Desenko SM, Shishkin OV, Shishkina SV, Sysoiev DO, Müller TJJ, Chebanov VA. The unexpected influence of aryl substituents in N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides on the behavior of their multicomponent reactions with 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole and salicylaldehyde. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 10:3019-30. [PMID: 25670972 PMCID: PMC4311697 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The switchable three-component reactions of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, salicylaldehyde and N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides under different conditions were studied and discussed. The unexpected influence of the aryl substituent in N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides on the behavior of the reaction was discovered. The key influence of ultrasonication and Lewis acid catalysts led to an established protocol to selectively obtain two or three types of heterocyclic scaffolds depending on the substituent in the N-aryl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Tkachenko
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine ; Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Elena A Muravyova
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | - Sergey M Desenko
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine ; Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V Shishkin
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine ; Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V Shishkina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O Sysoiev
- Fachbereich Chemie, University of Konstanz, Fach M-720, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Valentin A Chebanov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine ; Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine ; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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30
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Taei M. Aluminatesulfonic acid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and application as a new and recyclable nanocatalyst for the Biginelli and Biginelli-like condensations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst, aluminatesulfonic acid, was prepared and used as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of a variety of Biginelli and Biginelli-like products under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahbube Taei
- Department of Chemistry
- Yasouj University
- Yasouj 75918-74831
- Iran
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31
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Gama FHS, de Souza ROMA, Garden SJ. An efficient green protocol for the preparation of acetoacetamides and application of the methodology to a one-pot synthesis of Biginelli dihydropyrimidines. Expansion of dihydropyrimidine topological chemical space. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A one pot synthesis of Biginelli dihydropyrimidines. The novel use of the amino acids allows topological diversification of the chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H. S. Gama
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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32
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Alvim HGO, da Silva Júnior EN, Neto BAD. What do we know about multicomponent reactions? Mechanisms and trends for the Biginelli, Hantzsch, Mannich, Passerini and Ugi MCRs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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33
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Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones/Thiopyrimidinones: Nafion-Ga, an Efficient “Green” Lewis Acid Catalyst for the Biginelli Reaction. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Limberger J, Leal BC, Monteiro AL, Dupont J. Charge-tagged ligands: useful tools for immobilising complexes and detecting reaction species during catalysis. Chem Sci 2014; 6:77-94. [PMID: 28553458 PMCID: PMC5424467 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical overview is presented on the use of charged tagged ligands (CTLs) as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) based on the most recent literature.
In recent years, charge-tagged ligands (CTLs) have become valuable tools in organometallic catalysis. Insertion of an ionic side chain into the molecular skeleton of a known ligand has become a useful protocol for anchoring ligands, and consequently catalysts, in polar and ionic liquid phases. In addition, the insertion of a cationic moiety into a ligand is a powerful tool that can be used to detect reaction intermediates in organometallic catalysis through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The insertion of an ionic tag ensures the charge in the intermediates independently of the ESI-MS. For this reason, these ligands have been used as ionic probes in mechanistic studies for several catalytic reactions. Here, we summarise selected examples on the use of CTLs as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones Limberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .,School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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35
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Alvim HGO, Lima TB, de Oliveira AL, de Oliveira HCB, Silva FM, Gozzo FC, Souza RY, da Silva WA, Neto BAD. Facts, Presumptions, and Myths on the Solvent-Free and Catalyst-Free Biginelli Reaction. What is Catalysis for? J Org Chem 2014; 79:3383-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haline G. O. Alvim
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiani B. Lima
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline L. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Fabricio M. Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Roberto Y. Souza
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
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36
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Rezaei R, Malek S, Sheikhi MR, Mohammadi MK. Starch Sulfuric Acid: an Alternative, Eco-Friendly Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2013. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2013.08(2).13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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37
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Efficient, green and solvent-free synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles using SbCl3/SiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Abdizadeh T. Vanadatesulfuric Acid: A Novel, Recyclable, and Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones and Dihydropyrimidinthiones Under Solvent-Free Conditions. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.694001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tooba Abdizadeh
- a Department of Chemistry , Yasouj University , Yasouj , Iran
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39
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Ramos LM, Guido BC, Nobrega CC, Corrêa JR, Silva RG, de Oliveira HCB, Gomes AF, Gozzo FC, Neto BAD. The Biginelli reaction with an imidazolium-tagged recyclable iron catalyst: kinetics, mechanism, and antitumoral activity. Chemistry 2013; 19:4156-68. [PMID: 23460474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new ion-tagged iron catalyst. The catalyst was employed in the Biginelli reaction with impressive performance. High yields have been achieved when the reaction was carried out in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (BMI⋅PF6, BMI⋅NTf2, and BMI⋅BF4), thus showing that the ionic-liquid effects play a role in the reaction. Moreover, the ion-tagged catalyst could be recovered and reused up to eight times without any noticeable loss in activity. Mechanistic studies performed by using high-resolution electrospray-ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass (HR-EI-QTOF) spectrometry and kinetic experiments indicate only one reaction pathway and rule out the other two possibilities under the development conditions. The theoretical calculations are in accordance with the proposed mechanism of action of the iron catalyst. Finally, the 37 dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, products of the Biginelli reaction, had their cytotoxicity evaluated in assays against MCF-7 cancer cell linages with encouraging results of some derivatives, which were virtually non-toxic against healthy cell linages (fibroblasts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Ramos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70904970, P.O.Box 4478, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
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40
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Clark JH, Macquarrie DJ, Sherwood J. The combined role of catalysis and solvent effects on the Biginelli reaction: improving efficiency and sustainability. Chemistry 2013; 19:5174-82. [PMID: 23436300 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Biginelli reaction is a three-component condensation between urea, benzaldehyde and an acetoacetate ester to give a dihydropyrimidinone. An investigation into catalytic and solvent effects has returned the conclusion that the diketo-enol tautomerisation equilibrium of the dicarbonyl reactant dictates the yield of the reaction. Whereas the solvent is responsible for the tautomerisation equilibrium position, the catalyst only serves to eliminate kinetic control from the reaction. Generally, to preserve reaction efficiency and improve sustainability, bio-derivable p-cymene was found to be a useful solvent. The metal-enolate intermediate that results from the application of a Lewis acidic catalyst often cited as promoting the reaction appears to hinder the reaction. In this instance, a Brønsted acidic solvent can be used to return greater reactivity to the dicarbonyl reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O: An Efficient Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Both under Reflux or Solvent-Free Conditions. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/325268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O efficiently catalyzes the three-component Biginelli reaction between an aldehyde, aβ-dicarbonyl compound, and urea or thiourea in refluxing ethanol and solvent-free (SF) conditions to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high yields. The advantages of this method involve the easy procedure, the environmentally friendly process, and the low cost of the Lewis acid catalyst.
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Chabukswar VV, Handore KN, Bhavsar SV, Horne AS, Dallavalle S, Gaikwad V, Mohite KC. Conducting Polyaniline is an Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one Derivative Under Solvent-Free Conditions. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.768157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ramos LM, Ponce de Leon y Tobio AY, dos Santos MR, de Oliveira HCB, Gomes AF, Gozzo FC, de Oliveira AL, Neto BAD. Mechanistic studies on Lewis acid catalyzed Biginelli reactions in ionic liquids: evidence for the reactive intermediates and the role of the reagents. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10184-93. [PMID: 23101501 DOI: 10.1021/jo301806n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of common Lewis acids supported in imidazolium-based ionic liquids as the catalysts to promote the Biginelli reaction. The ionic liquid effect and the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and theoretical calculations. Indeed, the results showed that the ionic medium plays a fundamental role in the synthesis of biologically active dihydropyrimidinones due to the stabilization of the charged intermediates proposed in the mechanism. When conducted in an ionic liquid as solvent, the reaction mechanism is more complex than in other Lewis acid catalyzed Biginelli reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Ramos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70904-970, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília DF, Brazil
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Karami B, Haghighijou Z, Farahi M, Khodabakhshi S. One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine-Thione Derivatives Using Tungstate Sulfuric Acid (TSA) as a Recyclable Catalyst. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.616562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Sadeghi B, Zavar S, Hassanabadi A. Monolayer-Protected Silver Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Versatile Reagent for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-Ones (Thiones). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13352025454801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles has been prepared and shown to efficiently catalyse the one-pot, three-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea or thiourea and a 1,3-diketone at reflux, to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, PO Box 89195-155, Yazd, Iran
| | - Salehe Zavar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, PO Box 89195-155, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Hassanabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, PO Box 98135-978, Zahedan, Iran
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Khaksar S, Vahdat SM, Moghaddamnejad RN. Pentafluorophenylammonium triflate: an efficient, practical, and cost-effective organocatalyst for the Biginelli reaction. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Dilmaghani KA, Zeynizadeh B, Parasajam H. The Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-Ones and Their Sulfur Derivatives with H2SO4 Immobilized on Activated Charcoal. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.631644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Urmia University , Urmia , Iran
| | - Hadi Parasajam
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Urmia University , Urmia , Iran
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Biginelli Condensation: Synthesis and Structure Diversification of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one Derivatives. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396530-1.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Timoshenko VM, Markitanov YM, Shermolovich YG. 2-Oxo-2-polyfluoroalkylethane-1-sulfones and -sulfamides in the Biginelli and ‘retro-Biginelli’ reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Narsaiah AV, Reddy AR, Yadav JS. Samarium Triflate–Catalyzed Biginelli Condensation: An Improved Method for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.515355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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