Cation template assisted oligoethylene glycol desymmetrization by intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction of topologically remote aldehydes

Synthetic applications of the Cannizzaro reaction

The Cannizzaro reaction has emerged as a versatile synthetic tool for the construction of functionalized molecules. Dating back to the 19th century, this reaction, though initially used for the synthesis of an alcohol and acid functionality from aldehydes, has henceforth proven useful to generate diverse molecular entities using both intermolecular and intramolecular synthetic strategies. Immense applications in the synthesis of hydroxy acids and esters, heterocycles, fused carbocycles, natural products, and others with broad substrate scope have raised profound interest from methodological and synthetic standpoints. The ongoing development of reagents, solvents, and technologies for the Cannizzaro reaction reflects the broader trend in organic synthesis towards more sustainable and efficient practices. The focus of this review is to highlight some recent advances in synthetic strategies and applications of the Cannizzaro reaction towards the synthesis of potentially useful molecules.

Naphthalimide Dyes with Orthogonal Functional Groups for "Click" Chemistry: Attachment to Solid Supports and Applications in Drug Allergy Diagnosis

The preparation and characterization of new functional materials for sensing have an important role in clinical diagnosis. Monitoring the surface functionalization of functional material is crucial because the final sensing properties are affected by how the (bio)molecules are immobilized on the surface of solid supports. Here, a new approach for the preparation of functional materials for biomedical diagnosis was developed. This method employs a fluorescent dye comprising 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide with two orthogonal functional groups suitable for click chemistry. The orthogonal reactivity of these groups allows the sequential functionalization of the fluorophore, firstly with (bio)molecules, and then binding of the (bio)molecule-naphthalimide macrostructure onto the surface of a solid support. The fluorescent properties confirm the immobilization of the (bio)molecule on the surface of the solid support, without requiring other indirect methods to verify the immobilization. These functional materials were tested successfully with sera of patients, thus proving their potential application for allergic drug diagnosis.