1
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Fordjour E, Liu CL, Yang Y, Bai Z. Recent advances in lycopene and germacrene a biosynthesis and their role as antineoplastic drugs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:254. [PMID: 38916754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes and tetraterpenes are classes of plant-derived natural products with antineoplastic effects. While plant extraction of the sesquiterpene, germacrene A, and the tetraterpene, lycopene suffers supply chain deficits and poor yields, chemical synthesis has difficulties in separating stereoisomers. This review highlights cutting-edge developments in producing germacrene A and lycopene from microbial cell factories. We then summarize the antineoplastic properties of β-elemene (a thermal product from germacrene A), sesquiterpene lactones (metabolic products from germacrene A), and lycopene. We also elaborate on strategies to optimize microbial-based germacrene A and lycopene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Li T, Liu X, Xiang H, Zhu H, Lu X, Feng B. Two-Phase Fermentation Systems for Microbial Production of Plant-Derived Terpenes. Molecules 2024; 29:1127. [PMID: 38474639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories, renowned for their economic and environmental benefits, have emerged as a key trend in academic and industrial areas, particularly in the fermentation of natural compounds. Among these, plant-derived terpenes stand out as a significant class of bioactive natural products. The large-scale production of such terpenes, exemplified by artemisinic acid-a crucial precursor to artemisinin-is now feasible through microbial cell factories. In the fermentation of terpenes, two-phase fermentation technology has been widely applied due to its unique advantages. It facilitates in situ product extraction or adsorption, effectively mitigating the detrimental impact of product accumulation on microbial cells, thereby significantly bolstering the efficiency of microbial production of plant-derived terpenes. This paper reviews the latest developments in two-phase fermentation system applications, focusing on microbial fermentation of plant-derived terpenes. It also discusses the mechanisms influencing microbial biosynthesis of terpenes. Moreover, we introduce some new two-phase fermentation techniques, currently unexplored in terpene fermentation, with the aim of providing more thoughts and explorations on the future applications of two-phase fermentation technology. Lastly, we discuss several challenges in the industrial application of two-phase fermentation systems, especially in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ximeng Liu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haoyu Xiang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Hehua Zhu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Fordjour E, Liu CL, Hao Y, Sackey I, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Tan T, Bai Z. Engineering Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for high-yield production of germacrene A, a precursor of β-elemene via combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3039-3056. [PMID: 37309999 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
β-elemene is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs in cancer treatment. As a plant-derived natural chemical, biologically engineering microorganisms to produce germacrene A to be converted to β-elemene harbors great expectations since chemical synthesis and plant isolation methods come with their production deficiencies. In this study, we report the design of an Escherichia coli cell factory for the de novo production of germacrene A to be converted to β-elemene from a simple carbon source. A series of systematic approaches of engineering the isoprenoid and central carbon pathways, translational and protein engineering of the sesquiterpene synthase, and exporter engineering yielded high-efficient β-elemene production. Specifically, deleting competing pathways in the central carbon pathway ensured the availability of acetyl-coA, pyruvate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate for the isoprenoid pathways. Adopting lycopene color as a high throughput screening method, an optimized NSY305N was obtained via error-prone polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis. Further overexpression of key pathway enzymes, exporter genes, and translational engineering produced 1161.09 mg/L of β-elemene in a shake flask. Finally, we detected the highest reported titer of 3.52 g/L of β-elemene and 2.13 g/L germacrene A produced by an E. coli cell factory in a 4-L fed-batch fermentation. The systematic engineering reported here generally applies to microbial production of a broader range of chemicals. This illustrates that rewiring E. coli central metabolism is viable for producing acetyl-coA-derived and pyruvate-derived molecules cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Isaac Sackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Ribeiro LS, de Souza ML, Lira JMS, Schwan RF, Batista LR, Silva CF. Volatile compounds for biotechnological applications produced during competitive interactions between yeasts and fungi. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36734187 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, yeasts and bacteria produce volatile compounds during their metabolism. In this study, the volatile compounds produced by yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus) during competitive interactions were investigated by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-six volatile compounds were identified representing alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, aromatic compounds, acids, furans, phenols, and nitrogen compounds, being the largest amount in the class of esters and alcohols. Eight compounds were identified only in interactive culture conditions such as 2-amino-1-propanol, isopropylamine, dimethylamine, pentyl propanoate, ethyl-2-aminopropanoate, acetone, oxalic acid, and β-elemene and five of these were produced in cocultures including A. carbonarius. These will be developed for future biotechnological applications such as in the pharmaceutical and biological industry to produce drugs. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities; Solvent and herbicide; flavoring ingredient; solvent, plastic synthesis, nail polish remover and thinner, pesticide and herbicide; important in the complexation of minerals in the soil; and plant-environment interactions, defending predators, pathogens, and competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Silva Ribeiro
- Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lino de Souza
- Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean Marcel Sousa Lira
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosane Freitas Schwan
- Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Roberto Batista
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ferreira Silva
- Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chen R, Liu Y, Chen S, Wang M, Zhu Y, Hu T, Wei Q, Yin X, Xie T. Protein Engineering of a Germacrene A Synthase From Lactuca sativa and Its Application in High Productivity of Germacrene A in Escherichia coli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932966. [PMID: 36035671 PMCID: PMC9403833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Germacrene A (GA) is a key intermediate for the synthesis of medicinal active compounds, especially for β-elemene, which is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug. The production of sufficient GA in the microbial platform is vital for the precursors supply of active compounds. In this study, Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) was used as the host and cultivated in SBMSN medium, obtaining a highest yield of FPP. The GA synthase from Lactuca sativa (LTC2) exhibited the highest level of GA production. Secondly, two residues involved in product release (T410 and T392) were substituted with Ser and Ala, respectively, responsible for relatively higher activities. Next, substitution of selected residues S243 with Asn caused an increase in activity. Furthermore, I364K-T410S and T392A-T410S were created by combination with the beneficial mutation, and they demonstrated dramatically enhanced titers with 1.90-fold and per-cell productivity with 5.44-fold, respectively. Finally, the production titer of GA reached 126.4 mg/L, and the highest productivity was 7.02 mg/L.h by the I364K-T410S mutant in a shake-flask batch culture after fermentation for 18 h. To our knowledge, the productivity of the I364K-T410S mutant is the highest level ever reported. These results highlight a promising method for the industrial production of GA in E. coli, and lay a foundation for pathway reconstruction and the production of valuable natural sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Chen W, Feng Z, Liu Q. Asymmetric total synthesis of (1 S,2 S,4 S)-β-elemene. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8249-8255. [PMID: 35424753 PMCID: PMC8982354 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemenes are sesquiterpene natural products extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs and have been used as an important antitumor drug in China. Here, we report the first stereoselective total synthesis of (1S,2S,4S)-β-elemene using (R)-carvone as a chiral pool starting material. The isopropenyl moiety was achieved in a highly stereoselective manner through 1,4-Michael conjugate addition. The following transformations like regio- and stereoselective aldol condensation, Wittig olefination have been employed as the key steps, resulting in a concise total synthesis of (1S,2S,4S)-β-elemene. Our accomplishment will allow further biological investigations of this natural product and open opportunities for developing a new potentially promising antitumor drug. The first asymmetric total synthesis of (1S,2S,4S)-β-elemene was accomplished in five steps or eight steps by using the chiral pool strategy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Guangdong-Macao Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519031, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medicinal University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhun Feng
- Guangdong-Macao Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519031, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medicinal University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Taxonomic Insights and Its Type Cyclization Correlation of Volatile Sesquiterpenes in Vitex Species and Potential Source Insecticidal Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216405. [PMID: 34770814 PMCID: PMC8587464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes (SS) are secondary metabolites formed by the bonding of 3 isoprene (C5) units. They play an important role in the defense and signaling of plants to adapt to the environment, face stress, and communicate with the outside world, and their evolutionary history is closely related to their physiological functions. This review considers their presence and extensively summarizes the 156 sesquiterpenes identified in Vitextaxa, emphasizing those with higher concentrations and frequency among species and correlating with the insecticidal activities and defensive responses reported in the literature. In addition, we classify the SS based on their chemical structures and addresses cyclization in biosynthetic origin. Most relevant sesquiterpenes of the Vitex genus are derived from the germacredienyl cation mainly via bicyclogermacrene and germacrene C, giving rise to aromadrendanes, a skeleton with the highest number of representative compounds in this genus, and 6,9-guaiadiene, respectively, indicating the production of 1.10-cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases. These enzymes can play an important role in the chemosystematics of the genus from their corresponding routes and cyclizations, constituting a new approach to chemotaxonomy. In conclusion, this review is a compilation of detailed information on the profile of sesquiterpene in the Vitex genus and, thus, points to new unexplored horizons for future research.
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Transcriptome sequencing and functional characterization of new sesquiterpene synthases from Curcuma wenyujin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108986. [PMID: 34252391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubers of Curcuma wenyujin are rich in essential oils, mainly various sesquiterpenes, showing antibacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular mechanism of C. wenyujin is deficient and related sesquiterpene synthases are still unclear. In this study, the transcriptome data of tubers and leaves from C. wenyujin were obtained and assembled into 78 092 unigenes. Of them, 244 unigenes were predicted to be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis while 131 unigenes were categorized as the "Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis" (TBB) term. Twenty-two unigenes possessed terpene synthase domain; five were predicted to be sesquiterpene synthases. Of the 208 unigenes annotated as cytochromes P450, 8 unigenes with full-length coding sequences were part of the CYP71 clade that primarily may perform hydroxylations of specialized metabolites. Furthermore, Ten DEGs related to the C5 precursor supply and sesquiterpene synthesis were validated by Real-time PCR; that showed a close correspondence with transcriptome sequence. A novel germacrene B synthase (CwGBS) and α-santalene synthase (CwSS) were identified in metabolically engineering E. coli. This study provided the first de novo transcriptome comparative analysis of leaf and tuber tissues from C. wenyujin, aiming to understand genetic mechanisms. Key genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene will help for revealing the underlying mechanisms of C. wenyujin.
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He X, Zhuo XT, Gao Y, Bai R, Ye XY, Xie T. β-Elemene derivatives produced from SeO 2-mediated oxidation reaction. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200038. [PMID: 32537215 PMCID: PMC7277271 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first access of β-elemene derivatives through the SeO2-mediated oxidation reaction. Several new compounds were isolated through such a one-step reaction, and their structures were elucidated using various 2D-NMR techniques. This method provides easy access to multiple oxidative β-elemene derivatives in one single step and represents the first modifications on cyclohexyl ring of β-elemene. It is expected to open up the opportunity for future derivatization on cyclohexyl ring of β-elemene. The new compounds obtained above showed better anti-proliferation activities than β-elemene itself on several cancer cell lines. Among them, compound 17 shows the best activity in antiproliferation assays of A549 and U-87MG cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui He
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
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Thinh NS, Bich Thu NT, Ngoc TM, Khoi NM, Tai BH, Van Kiem P, Van Minh C, Nhiem NX, Seo Y, Namkung W, Park S, Kim SH. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene glucosides from Fissistigma pallens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112255. [PMID: 31935608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed sesquiterpene glucosides, fissispallins A-F, and one known sesquiterpene glucoside, fissispallin, were discovered in the leaves of Fissistigma pallens (Finet & Gagnep.) Merr. The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, and MS. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines, HT-29, A-2058, and A-549. Fissispallin A showed potent activity with the IC50 values less than 1.5 μM against all tested human cancer cell lines. Fissispallin also showed potent activity with IC50 value of 0.4 ± 0.3 on the A-2058 cancer cell lines. Fissispallins B-D showed significant cytotoxic activity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.8 to 7.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Sy Thinh
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; 354 Military Hospital, 120 Doc Ngu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Thu
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; College of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 254 Nguyen Van Linh, Thanh Khe, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Minh Ngoc
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Khoi
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Yohan Seo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
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Muria-Gonzalez MJ, Yeng Y, Breen S, Mead O, Wang C, Chooi YH, Barrow RA, Solomon PS. Volatile Molecules Secreted by the Wheat Pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum Are Involved in Development and Phytotoxicity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:466. [PMID: 32269554 PMCID: PMC7111460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Septoria nodorum blotch is a major disease of wheat caused by the fungus Parastagonospora nodorum. Recent studies have demonstrated that secondary metabolites, including polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides, produced by the pathogen play important roles in disease and development. However, there is currently no knowledge on the composition or biological activity of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) secreted by P. nodorum. To address this, we undertook a series of growth and phytotoxicity assays and demonstrated that P. nodorum VOCs inhibited bacterial growth, were phytotoxic and suppressed self-growth. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 2-phenylethanol were dominant in the VOC mixture and phenotypic assays using these short chain alcohols confirmed that they were phytotoxic. Further analysis of the VOCs also identified the presence of multiple sesquiterpenes of which four were identified via mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance as β-elemene, α-cyperone, eudesma-4,11-diene and acora-4,9-diene. Subsequent reverse genetics studies were able to link these molecules to corresponding sesquiterpene synthases in the P. nodorum genome. However, despite extensive testing, these molecules were not involved in either of the growth inhibition or phytotoxicity phenotypes previously observed. Plant assays using mutants of the pathogen lacking the synthetic genes revealed that the identified sesquiterpenes were not required for disease formation on wheat leaves. Collectively, these data have significantly extended our knowledge of the VOCs in fungi and provided the basis for further dissecting the roles of sesquiterpenes in plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeannie Yeng
- Research School of Biology, ACT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Susan Breen
- Research School of Biology, ACT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Oliver Mead
- Research School of Biology, ACT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chen Wang
- Research School of Biology, ACT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yi-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Russell A. Barrow
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Plus 3 Australia Pty Ltd., Hawker, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter S. Solomon
- Research School of Biology, ACT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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12
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Burkhardt I, Kreuzenbeck NB, Beemelmanns C, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases from the termite-associated fungus Termitomyces. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3348-3355. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three terpene synthases from the termite associated fungus Termitomyces were studied by isotopic labelling experiments and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Burkhardt
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Nina B. Kreuzenbeck
- Leibnitz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans-Knöll-Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibnitz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans-Knöll-Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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13
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Benito Iglesias D, Herrero Teijón P, Rubio González R, Fernández-Mateos A. Synthesis of trans
-β-Elemene. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Benito Iglesias
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - P. Herrero Teijón
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Rosa Rubio González
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - A. Fernández-Mateos
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
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Sieniawska E, Sawicki R, Golus J, Swatko-Ossor M, Ginalska G, Skalicka-Wozniak K. Nigella damascena L. Essential Oil-A Valuable Source of β-Elemene for Antimicrobial Testing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020256. [PMID: 29382097 PMCID: PMC6017462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly used plant source of β-elemene is Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen & C. Ling (syn. of Curcuma aromatic Salisb.) with its content in supercritical CO₂ extract up to 27.83%. However, the other rich source of this compound is Nigella damascena L. essential oil, in which β-elemene accounts for 47%. In this work, the effective protocol for preparative isolation of β-elemene from a new source-N. damascena essential oil-using high performance counter-current chromatography HPCCC was elaborated. Furthermore, since sesquiterpens are known as potent antimicrobials, the need for finding new agents designed to combat multi-drug resistant strains was addressed and the purified target compound and the essential oil were tested for its activity against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and mycobacterial strains. The application of the mixture of petroleum ether, acetonitrile, and acetone in the ratio 2:1.5:0.5 (v/v) in the reversed phase mode yielded β-elemene with high purity in 70 min. The results obtained for antimicrobial assay clearly indicated that N. damascena essential oil and isolated β-elemene exert action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (R.S.); Tel.: +48-81448-7080 (E.S.); +48-81448-7025 (R.S.)
| | - Rafal Sawicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.G.); (M.S.-O.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (R.S.); Tel.: +48-81448-7080 (E.S.); +48-81448-7025 (R.S.)
| | - Joanna Golus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.G.); (M.S.-O.); (G.G.)
| | - Marta Swatko-Ossor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.G.); (M.S.-O.); (G.G.)
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.G.); (M.S.-O.); (G.G.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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15
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Cianfaglione K, Blomme EE, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Lupidi G, Dall'Acqua S, Maggi F. Cytotoxic Essential Oils from Eryngium campestre and Eryngium amethystinum (Apiaceae) Growing in Central Italy. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28332760 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Eryngium campestre and E. amethystinum are thorny herbs belonging to the Apiaceae family and spontaneously growing in stony pastures and dry meadows, preferentially on calcareous substrates. In the Mediterranean countries, these plants have been used as a food or traditional remedies to treat various ailments. In the present work, we have analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oils distilled from the aerial parts by GC-FID and GC/MS, and evaluated their cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cells, namely A375 (human malignant melanoma), MDA-MB 231 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma), and HCT116 cells (human colon carcinoma), by the MTT assay. Furthermore, the Eryngium essential oils were evaluated for antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. The two essential oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with germacrene D as the major compound, accompanied by allo-aromadendrene, β-elemene, spathulenol, and ledol. They turned out to be highly cytotoxic on the tumor cells, with IC50 values (1.65 - 5.32 and 1.57 - 2.99 μg/ml for E. amethystinum and E. campestre, respectively) comparable or close to those of the anticancer drug cisplatin. The E. amethystinum essential oil exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity, whereas that of E. campestre a weak AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cianfaglione
- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, IT-62032, Camerino.,EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, FR-29200, Brest
| | - Evy E Blomme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, BE-9000, Ghent
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, IT-35131, Padova
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
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16
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Morshedloo MR, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Lupidi G, Maggi F. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on tumour cells of the essential oil from flowers of Magnolia grandiflora cultivated in Iran. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2857-2864. [PMID: 28299950 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1303699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) is an evergreen tree with fragrant and showy flowers native to southeastern USA but widely cultivated all over the world and used in cosmetics industry in treatment of skin diseases. Here, we report on the chemical analysis of the essential oil obtained from flowers of plants cultivated in Iran, together with the evaluation of its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The essential oil composition was dominated by bioactive sesquiterpenes, namely β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D and (E)-caryophyllene. The oil exhibited moderate radical scavenging activity towards the [Formula: see text] radical, and mild non-selective inhibitory effects against A375, MDA-MB 231 and T98 G tumour cell lines. The latter were influenced by the presence of the anticancer β-elemene. These results provided new insights for potential application of M. grandiflora volatile oil in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry where only the non-volatile magnolol and honokiol have hitherto been fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Quassinti
- b School of Pharmacy , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- b School of Pharmacy , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- b School of Pharmacy , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- b School of Pharmacy , University of Camerino , Camerino , Italy
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17
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Rabe P, Barra L, Rinkel J, Riclea R, Citron CA, Klapschinski TA, Janusko A, Dickschat JS. Konformationsanalyse, thermische Umlagerung und EI‐MS‐Fragmentierungsmechanismus von (1(10)
E
,4
E
,6
S
,7
R
)‐Germacradien‐6‐ol durch
13
C‐Markierungsexperimente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Ramona Riclea
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Christian A. Citron
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Tim A. Klapschinski
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Aron Janusko
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
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18
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Rabe P, Barra L, Rinkel J, Riclea R, Citron CA, Klapschinski TA, Janusko A, Dickschat JS. Conformational Analysis, Thermal Rearrangement, and EI-MS Fragmentation Mechanism of (1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)-Germacradien-6-ol by (13)C-Labeling Experiments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13448-51. [PMID: 26361082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An uncharacterized terpene cyclase from Streptomyces pratensis was identified as (+)-(1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)-germacradien-6-ol synthase. The enzyme product exists as two interconvertible conformers, resulting in complex NMR spectra. For the complete assignment of NMR data, all fifteen ((13)C1)FPP isotopomers (FPP=farnesyl diphosphate) and ((13)C15)FPP were synthesized and enzymatically converted. The products were analyzed using various NMR techniques, including (13)C, (13)C COSY experiments. The ((13)C)FPP isotopomers were also used to investigate the thermal rearrangement and EI fragmentation of the enzyme product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Ramona Riclea
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Christian A Citron
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Tim A Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Aron Janusko
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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19
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Peak-bridges due to in-column analyte transformations as a new tool for establishing molecular connectivities by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Pazouki L, Memari HR, Kännaste A, Bichele R, Niinemets Ü. Germacrene A synthase in yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is an enzyme with mixed substrate specificity: gene cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:111. [PMID: 25784918 PMCID: PMC4347605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid synthases constitute a highly diverse gene family producing a wide range of cyclic and acyclic molecules consisting of isoprene (C5) residues. Often a single terpene synthase produces a spectrum of molecules of given chain length, but some terpene synthases can use multiple substrates, producing products of different chain length. Only a few such enzymes has been characterized, but the capacity for multiple-substrate use can be more widespread than previously thought. Here we focused on germacrene A synthase (GAS) that is a key cytosolic enzyme in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis pathway in the important medicinal plant Achillea millefolium (AmGAS). The full length encoding gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), functionally characterized, and its in vivo expression was analyzed. The recombinant protein catalyzed formation of germacrene A with the C15 substrate farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), while acyclic monoterpenes were formed with the C10 substrate geranyl diphosphate (GDP) and cyclic monoterpenes with the C10 substrate neryl diphosphate (NDP). Although monoterpene synthesis has been assumed to be confined exclusively to plastids, AmGAS can potentially synthesize monoterpenes in cytosol when GDP or NDP become available. AmGAS enzyme had high homology with GAS sequences from other Asteraceae species, suggesting that multi-substrate use can be more widespread among germacrene A synthases than previously thought. Expression studies indicated that AmGAS was expressed in both autotrophic and heterotrophic plant compartments with the highest expression levels in leaves and flowers. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the cloning and characterization of germacrene A synthase coding gene in A. millefolium, and multi-substrate use of GAS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Leila Pazouki, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia e-mail:
| | - Hamid R. Memari
- Biotechnology and Life Science Center and School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran UniversityAhvaz, Iran
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
| | - Rudolf Bichele
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinn, Estonia
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22
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Papa F, Maggi F, Cianfaglione K, Sagratini G, Caprioli G, Vittori S. Volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds in Poncirus trifoliata fruits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2874-2887. [PMID: 24578252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poncirus trifoliata, also known as trifoliate orange, is a tree native to China and Korea and widely used all over the world as a rootstock breeding material. In this study the differences among the volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds from two cultivars (var. trifoliata and var. monstrosa) grown in Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Sicily) were determined. Headspace solid phase microextraction and hydrodistillation techniques were used in combination with GC/FID and GC/MS to obtain the volatile profiles of the samples. RESULTS Both techniques permitted the differentiation of fruit parts based on the main volatile components: the flavedo was characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons such as limonene and myrcene, the seeds were characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D, while the pulp showed an intermediate composition. The main differences in volatile profiles obtained by the two techniques were analyzed by chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis. CONCLUSION The study did not highlight significant differences in volatiles between the two cultivars of trifoliate orange, while few differences in the number of volatiles in the fruit parts were revealed by the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
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23
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Sajfrtova M, Sovova H, Karban J. Enrichment of Nigella damascena extract with volatile compounds using supercritical fluid extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Synergistic Effects of CO2 and LED Lighting on Accumulation of Terpenes in Roots of Gynura bicolor. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Suphrom N, Srivilai J, Pumthong G, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Limpeanchob N, Ingkaninan K. Stability studies of antiandrogenic compounds in Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1282-93. [PMID: 24905238 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract is a 5α-reductase antagonist that can be used to treat hair loss. We aimed to study the stability of antiandrogenic constituents, germacrone and other sesquiterpene components in the extract. METHODS Germacrone and the extract were analyzed as solid forms or solublized with polyethylene glycol-40 (PEG-40) or methanol using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The effects of pH, temperature and light on their stability were studied. KEY FINDINGS Degradation of antiandrogenic compounds in C. aeruginosa was highly sensitive to temperature especially pure anhydrous germacrone, which was completely lost within 3 days at 45°C. Curiously, degradation was slower than as a dried extract. Paradoxically, when solubilized with PEG-40, it was largely intact even after 90 days at 45°C. The MS spectrum of a major degradation product suggested that it was elemenone probably produced by Cope rearrangement. Two other putative degradation products were germacrone-1,10-epoxide and germacrone-4,5-epoxide suggesting that oxidation of double bonds was an important mechanism. Germacrone stability was unaffected by pH (2.0-9.0) but only as dried extract it was slightly degraded by light. CONCLUSION Antiandrogenic constituents of C. aeruginosa were instable at high temperature and in solid form. Thus, the extract would be optimately stored as a solution or otherwise as solid form at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungruthai Suphrom
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Chen H, Xu L, Yin L, Xu Y, Han X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of dioscin on human HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Proteomics 2014; 14:51-73. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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An YW, Hu G, Yin GP, Zhu JJ, Zhang QW, Wang ZM, Peng J, Fan B. Quantitative Analysis and Discrimination of Steamed and Non-Steamed Rhizomes of Curcuma wenyujin by GC–MS and HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:961-70. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees. Food Energy Secur 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Lu X, Wang Y, Luo H, Qiu W, Han H, Chen X, Yang L. β-elemene inhibits the proliferation of T24 bladder carcinoma cells through upregulation of the expression of Smad4. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:513-8. [PMID: 23228961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene, a non-cytotoxic antitumor reagent, inhibits the growth, proliferation and DNA synthesis of multiple types of malignant cells, resulting in the apoptosis or suppressed vascularization of tumors. β-elemene is also able to enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor cells and ameliorate systematic cellular immunity in the tumor‑bearing body. Moreover, β-elemene has the advantages of high efficiency, safety and low possibility of drug tolerance over other antitumor agents used in antitumor treatment. Therefore, β-elemene has great potential in clinical applications. However, the mechanism of β-elemene antitumor activity is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether β-elemene is able to repress the proliferation of T24 bladder carcinoma cells through regulation of the expression of the tumor suppressor gene, Smad4. Results of a methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay indicated that the proliferation of T24 cells was repressed by β-elemene in a time- and concentration‑dependent manner. The lowest concentration of β-elemene to inhibit cell survival by >50% was determined using IC50 software. Microscopic observation also demonstrated the potential of β-elemene to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression of the Smad4 protein and mRNA was upregulated by treatment with β-elemene. Our results revealed that β-elemene was able to upregulate the expression of Smad4 in tumor cells to inhibit the proliferation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Faraldos JA, Miller DJ, González V, Yoosuf-Aly Z, Cascón O, Li A, Allemann RK. A 1,6-ring closure mechanism for (+)-δ-cadinene synthase? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5900-8. [PMID: 22397618 DOI: 10.1021/ja211820p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant (+)-δ-cadinene synthase (DCS) from Gossypium arboreum catalyzes the metal-dependent cyclization of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) to the cadinane sesquiterpene δ-cadinene, the parent hydrocarbon of cotton phytoalexins such as gossypol. In contrast to some other sesquiterpene cyclases, DCS carries out this transformation with >98% fidelity but, as a consequence, leaves no mechanistic traces of its mode of action. The formation of (+)-δ-cadinene has been shown to occur via the enzyme-bound intermediate (3R)-nerolidyl diphosphate (NDP), which in turn has been postulated to be converted to cis-germacradienyl cation after a 1,10-cyclization. A subsequent 1,3-hydride shift would then relocate the carbocation within the transient macrocycle to expedite a second cyclization that yields the cadinenyl cation with the correct cis stereochemistry found in (+)-δ-cadinene. An elegant 1,10-mechanistic pathway that avoids the formation of (3R)-NDP has also been suggested. In this alternative scenario, the final cadinenyl cation is proposed to be formed through the intermediacy of trans, trans-germacradienyl cation and germacrene D. In addition, an alternative 1,6-ring closure mechanism via the bisabolyl cation has previously been envisioned. We report here a detailed investigation of the catalytic mechanism of DCS using a variety of mechanistic probes including, among others, deuterated and fluorinated FDPs. Farnesyl diphosphate analogues with fluorine at C2 and C10 acted as inhibitors of DCS, but intriguingly, after prolonged overnight incubations, they yielded 2F-germacrene(s) and a 10F-humulene, respectively. The observed 1,10-, and to a lesser extent, 1,11-cyclization activity of DCS with these fluorinated substrates is consistent with the postulated macrocyclization mechanism(s) en route to (+)-δ-cadinene. On the other hand, mechanistic results from incubations of DCS with 6F-FPP, (2Z,6E)-FDP, neryl diphosphate, 6,7-dihydro-FDP, and NDP seem to be in better agreement with the potential involvement of the alternative biosynthetic 1,6-ring closure pathway. In particular, the strong inhibition of DCS by 6F-FDP, coupled to the exclusive bisabolyl- and terpinyl-derived product profiles observed for the DCS-catalyzed turnover of (2Z,6E)-farnesyl and neryl diphosphates, suggested the intermediacy of α-bisabolyl cation. DCS incubations with enantiomerically pure [1-(2)H(1)](1R)-FDP revealed that the putative bisabolyl-derived 1,6-pathway proceeds through (3R)-nerolidyl diphosphate (NDP), is consistent with previous deuterium-labeling studies, and accounts for the cis stereochemistry characteristic of cadinenyl-derived sesquiterpenes. While the results reported here do not unambiguously rule in favor of 1,6- or 1,10-cyclization, they demonstrate the mechanistic versatility inherent to DCS and highlight the possible existence of multiple mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Faraldos
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Ferronatto R, Carraro C, Marins K, Flach A, de Moura NF. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils fromHelietta apiculataBenth. (Rutaceae). JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.645304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gao X, Yang X, Mitrevski BS, Marriott PJ. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with GC×GC-TOFMS for the analysis of volatile compounds of Coptis species rhizomes. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1157-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barrero AF, Herrador MM, Quílez del Moral JF, Arteaga P, Meine N, Pérez-Morales MC, Catalán JV. Efficient synthesis of the anticancer β-elemene and other bioactive elemanes from sustainable germacrone. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1118-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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