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Wisuitiprot V, Ingkaninan K, Wisuitiprot W, Srivilai J, Chakkavittumrong P, Waranuch N. Effects of some medicinal plant extracts on dermal papilla cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6109-6117. [PMID: 35675125 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Miniaturization of the hair follicles is evident on the balding scalp. Approved medications, topical minoxidil, and oral finasteride for the treatment of alopecia sometimes come with undesirable adverse effects. The study was to examine the bioactivity of medicinal plants for finding the promising source of anti-hair loss application. METHODS Ten ethanolic extracts were prepared from Acacia concina (Willd.) DC., Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl, Bridelia ovata Decne, Cleome viscosa L., Cocos nucifera L., Hibiscus subdariffla L., Oryza sativa L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson and cytotoxic tested on dermal papilla cells using MTT assay. The effect of the extracts on cell cycle was also determined using flow cytometry technique. Anti-inflammatory activity was examined by determining IL-1β inhibition in RAW 257.4 cells. In vitro study of androgenic and 5α-reductase inhibitory activities were also determined using MTT assay and enzymatic reaction couple with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. RESULTS Our results revealed that only A. ebracteatus promoted dermal papilla cell proliferation and the S and G2/M phases in cell cycle. A. ebracteatus also showed inhibitory activity against 5α-reductase and testosterone in reducing cell viability of the dermal papilla. Moreover, A. ebracteatus extract strongly inhibited LPS-stimulating IL-1β production in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our finding indicated that the ethanolic extract of A. ebracteatus is a promising candidate for anti-hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanuchawan Wisuitiprot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health Phitsanulok, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jukkarin Srivilai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Waranuch N, Phimnuan P, Yakaew S, Nakyai W, Grandmottet F, Onlom C, Srivilai J, Viyoch J. Antiacne and antiblotch activities of a formulated combination of Aloe barbadensis leaf powder, Garcinia mangostana peel extract, and Camellia sinensis leaf extract. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:383-391. [PMID: 31239743 PMCID: PMC6553945 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We compared the efficacy of an antiacne hydrogel formulated with a combination of Aloe barbadensis leaf extract, Garcinia mangostana peel extract, and Camellia sinensis leaf extract (AGC) at a ratio of 50:25:1 with a marketed 1% clindamycin gel (CG) formulation on antiacne and antiblotch activities. Methods: A single-center, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial was performed from November 2017 to April 2018. Sixty subjects with mild-moderate acne severity according to the the American Academy of Dermatology were enrolled for the study. Outcome end points were total acne lesions (TALs) and acne-severity index (ASI) by counting the inflamed lesions and comedones and skin colors using erythema and melanin values. Results: For TALss, a decrease (P<0.0001) in the number of total inflamed lesions from baseline was evidenced in AGC group, but not in the CG group. Higher reduction in mean ASI in the AGC group was seen than in the CG group. However, there was no statistically significant difference regarding reduction in ASI between the AGC and CG groups. For erythema, a remarked reduction in skin redness from baseline was clearly seen at day 3 (P<0.05) in the AGC group. No significant decrease in erythema values from baseline was seen in the CG group. A significant decrease (P=0.037) in mean melanin value from baseline was seen in the AGC group after 14 days of twice-daily use, but not in the CG group. Both products were well tolerated, with no reports of severe adverse events. Conclusion: An anti-acne hydrogel containing a combination of mangosteen rinds, aloe vera gel, and green tea-leaf extracts was superior to 1% clindamycin gel in antiacne and antiblotch activities when measured by TALs and erythema and melanin values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Preeyawass Phimnuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Swanya Yakaew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Francois Grandmottet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Jukkarin Srivilai
- Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Abstract
Human steroid 5 alpha-reductases (S5αRs) and NADPH irreversibly reduce testosterone to the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT). S5αR inhibitors are useful treatments for DHT-dependent diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenic alopecia and hair growth, and acne. There are three S5αR isozymes, and there is a need for safer and more isozyme selective inhibitors than finasteride and dutasteride currently licensed. In this study, we review the methods used to screen for S5αR inhibitory activity and describe studies that characterize the ability of herbal preparations and their constituents to inhibit S5αRs. We identified enormous variations between studies in IC50s for finasteride and dutasteride used as standards. Accordingly, we make several recommendations: Stable isozyme specific transfection systems need creating a standardized enzyme/microsome preparation and all three isozymes, as well as androgen receptor binding, should be tested; agreed reaction conditions, especially the substrate concentrations, and separation/quantitation method optimized for high throughput screening; systematic screening of herbal compounds and most extensive use of leads to develop more potent and isozyme specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- 1 Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,2 Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Genet Minale
- 2 Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - C Norman Scholfield
- 2 Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- 2 Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Srivilai J, Waranuch N, Tangsumranjit A, Khorana N, Ingkaninan K. Germacrone and sesquiterpene-enriched extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. increase skin penetration of minoxidil, a hair growth promoter. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:140-149. [PMID: 29159692 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Minoxidil is approved for topical treatment of androgenic alopecia but hampered by poor cutaneous absorption. Recently, the randomized control trial showed that hair loss treatment of minoxidil was improved by co-application of the anti-androgen, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract. Here, we aimed to show that the apparent synergism arises from improved cutaneous penetration of minoxidil by bioactive compound, germacrone or C. aeruginosa (as an n-hexane extract, or essential oil). The partition coefficient of germacrone was determined by HPLC. Skin penetration was measured ex vivo on Franz diffusion cells using full thickness human foreskin as membranes. The receiver solution was sampled hourly for 8 h after which the skin was removed, the stratum corneum separated, and minoxidil assayed in this and in the remaining viable skin layer by HPLC. Skin penetration of minoxidil with 0.2 and 2% extract was increased ~ 4-fold (accumulated amount in receiver + skin viable layer after 8 h). Furthermore, germacrone enhanced minoxidil flux by ~ 10-fold and C. aeruginosa essential oil by ~ 20-fold. This work suggests three clinical consequences: (i) minoxidil efficacy is promoted, (ii) lower doses of minoxidil suffice, and (iii) C. aeruginosa extract/essential oil or germacrone can supplement treatment outcomes by acting as anti-androgen, thereby introducing a more effective topical treatment strategy for androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Anothai Tangsumranjit
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Shin SH, Srivilai J, Ibrahim SA, Strasinger C, Hammell DC, Hassan HE, Stinchcomb AL. The Sensitivity of In Vitro Permeation Tests to Chemical Penetration Enhancer Concentration Changes in Fentanyl Transdermal Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2778-2786. [PMID: 30084070 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) are frequently incorporated into transdermal delivery systems (TDSs) to improve drug delivery and to reduce the required drug load in formulations. However, the minimum detectable effect of formulation changes to CPE-containing TDSs using in vitro permeation tests (IVPT), a widely used method to characterize permeation of topically applied drug products, remains unclear. The objective of the current exploratory study was to investigate the sensitivity of IVPT in assessing permeation changes with CPE concentration modifications and subsequently the feasibility of IVPT's use for support of quality control related to relative CPE concentration variation in a given formulation. A series of drug-in-adhesive (DIA) fentanyl TDSs with different amounts of CPEs were prepared, and IVPT studies utilizing porcine and human skin were performed. Although IVPT could discern TDSs with different amounts of CPE by significant differences in flux profiles, maximum flux (Jmax) values, and total permeation amounts, the magnitudes of the CPE increment needed to see such significant differences were very high (43-300%) indicating that IVPT may have limitations in detecting small changes in CPE amounts in some TDSs. Possible reasons for such limitations include formulation polymer and/or other excipients, type of CPE, variability associated with IVPT, skin type used, and disrupted stratum corneum (SC) barrier effects caused by CPEs.
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Srivilai J, Nontakhot K, Nutuan T, Waranuch N, Khorana N, Wisuthiprot W, Scholfield C, Champachaisri K, Ingkaninan K. Sesquiterpene-Enriched Extract of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Retards Axillary Hair Growth: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:99-106. [DOI: 10.1159/000486136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chaiyana W, Punyoyai C, Somwongin S, Leelapornpisid P, Ingkaninan K, Waranuch N, Srivilai J, Thitipramote N, Wisuitiprot W, Schuster R, Viernstein H, Mueller M. Inhibition of 5α-Reductase, IL-6 Secretion, and Oxidation Process of Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher Extract as Functional Food and Nutraceuticals Ingredients. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101105. [PMID: 28994714 PMCID: PMC5691721 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the biological activities related to hair loss of Equisetum debile extracts, including 5α-reductase inhibition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion reduction, and anti-oxidation. E. debile extracts were obtained by maceration in various solvents. Crude extract (CE) was obtained by maceration in 95% ethanol. Chlorophyll-free extract (CF) was the CE which of the chlorophyll has been removed by electrocoagulation. Hexane extract (HE), ethyl acetate extract (EA), and ethanolic extract (ET) were fraction extracts obtained from maceration in hexane, ethyl acetate, and 95% ethanol, respectively. The extracts were investigated for inhibitory activity against 5α-reductase and IL-6 secretion. Total phenolic contents (TPC) were investigated and antioxidant activities were determined by means of 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was determined by the ferric thiocyanate method. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on dermal papilla cells and irritation test by hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane assay were also investigated. All extracts could inhibit 5α-reductase and decrease IL-6 secretion in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage. The antioxidant activity of E. debile extracts was directly related to their TPC. ET which contained the highest TPC (68.8 ± 6.7 mg GA/g) showed the highest equivalent concentration (EC1) of 289.1 ± 26.4 mM FeSO4/g, TEAC of 156.6 ± 34.6 mM Trolox/g, and 20.0 ± 6.0% DPPH inhibition. However, EA exhibited the highest inhibition against lipid peroxidation (57.2 ± 0.4%). In addition, EA showed no cytotoxicity on dermal papilla cell line and no irritation on chorioallantoic membrane of hen’s eggs. In conclusion, EA was suggested as the most attractive ingredients for functional food and nutraceuticals because of the high inhibitory activity against 5α-reductase, IL-6 secretion, and lipid peroxidation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chanun Punyoyai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Suvimol Somwongin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pimporn Leelapornpisid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Jukkarin Srivilai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Natthawut Thitipramote
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand.
| | - Roswitha Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Monika Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Srivilai J, Phimnuan P, Jaisabai J, Luangtoomma N, Waranuch N, Khorana N, Wisuitiprot W, Scholfield CN, Champachaisri K, Ingkaninan K. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. essential oil slows hair-growth and lightens skin in axillae; a randomised, double blinded trial. Phytomedicine 2017; 25:29-38. [PMID: 28190468 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenic hair-growth contributes to secondary gender characteristics but can be troublesome in women. Inhibiting axillary hair-growth via 5-α-reductases using the Thai medicinal plant, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is an attractive treatment strategy. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE C. aeruginosa essential oil (CA-oil) formulated as a lotion is an efficacious and safe inhibitor of axillary hair growth. STUDY DESIGN This trial was a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled 10 weeks, intervention in 60 women (18-23 years) and 2 weeks washout with axillary hair length was the primary end-point. METHODS Bioactive-enriched essential oil of C. aeruginosa was formulated with a base lotion. All participants were pre-challenged with lotions by 4-h patch irritation tests to exclude skin reactions. Participants were randomly allocated to use either 1 or 5%w/w CA-oil lotion on one axilla and base-lotion (placebo) to the other for 10 weeks followed by placebo in both axillae for 2 weeks. Every week, the axillae were photographed to measure hair lengths, shaved, and roll-on applicators containing appropriate lotion replaced. Also, skin melanin by spectrophotometry and hair density were measured. RESULTS From weeks 5-11 of trial, 1 and 5%w/w CA-oil retarded growth by 13 ± 1.5% and 16 ± 0.9% respectively, while placebo was ineffective. CA-oil had no influence on hair density. Both concentrations of CA-oil rapidly and equally effectively brightened skin within 3 weeks which persisted 2 weeks after treatment ceased while placebo darkened the skin. Adherence appeared good as judged by consistency of lotion consumption and between axillae. Participants were satisfied with the treatment and reported reduced hairiness, freedom from any discomforts, but product odour attracted some negative comment. No adverse reactions ascribed to CA-oil were detected or reported. CONCLUSION This study points to a safe and efficacious dual action on retarding hair-growth and skin lightening by CA-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Preeyawass Phimnuan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Jaisabai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantakarn Luangtoomma
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetic and Natural Product Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand
| | - C Norman Scholfield
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Katechan Champachaisri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Srivilai J, Rabgay K, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Nuengchamnong N, Ingkaninan K. A new label-free screen for steroid 5α-reductase inhibitors using LC-MS. Steroids 2016; 116:67-75. [PMID: 27789379 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroid 5α-reductase (S5αR) plays an important role in metabolizing testosterone into active androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which is involved in many androgen dependent disorders, such as androgenic alopecia, benign prostatic hyperplasia and acne. The method for screening for S5αR inhibition is key in finding new antagonists. In this study, the label-free S5αR inhibitory assay using LC-MS was developed. S5αR type 1 enzyme was obtained from LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The enzymatic assay was optimised for enzyme-substrate (testosterone) concentration, NADPH-cofactor concentration, solvent tolerance, enzyme activity stability and incubation time. The developed assay was validated by measuring the signal to background ratio (S/B), the signal to noise ratio (S/N), the signal window (SW) and the zeta factor Z' in accordance with published bioassay guidelines. The enzymatic reaction was performed in 96-well plates and DHT formation was determined by LC-MS. S/B, S/N, SW and Z' factor were well above acceptable criteria and the reproducibility was good using Z' factor other 3days and further validated by dutasteride and finasteride inhibition. The method was successfully applied to quantify S5αR inhibitory activity of some Thai herbal extracts. Two plant extracts, Impatiens balsamina L. and Curcuma longa L. showed IC50 at 5.4±0.2 and 9.0±1.2μgmL-1 and are therefore promising sources of new S5αR inhibitors. The assay has high selectability and reproducibility and suited to medium throughput screening required by phytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Karma Rabgay
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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Srivilai J, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Wisuitiprot W, Suphrom N, Suksamrarn A, Ingkaninan K. Germacrene Analogs are Anti-androgenic on Androgen-dependent Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-androgenic drugs are treatments for androgen-related disorders such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia. Germacrone (1), a sesquiterpene isolated from hexane extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome, is an androgen inhibitor of steroid 5-alpha reductase in-vitro. Here, we used the similarity of germacrone's α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl to testosterone's α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl to find germacrene analogs obtained from this plant and by semi-synthesis that might be more potent steroid 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. 8-Hydroxy germacrene B (4) was ~13-fold more potent than its parent, 1 and the most potent (IC50, 0.15±0.022 mM) among 9 compounds tested. The conformation of its cyclodecadiene ring and the α,ß-unsaturated ketone/hydroxy in the germacrene molecule might be crucial role for its anti-androgen activity. Moreover, 1 and 4 showed mild cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells. Neither compound was cytotoxic towards human dermal papilla cells at 100 μg/mL. We show that this SAR strategy created promising anti-androgenics for androgen dependent disorders and may create further analogues with further improvements in selectivity and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetic and Natural Product Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Wisuitiprot
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicines, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Suphrom N, Srivilai J, Pumthong G, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Limpeanchob N, Ingkaninan K. Stability studies of antiandrogenic compounds in Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1282-93. [PMID: 24905238 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract is a 5α-reductase antagonist that can be used to treat hair loss. We aimed to study the stability of antiandrogenic constituents, germacrone and other sesquiterpene components in the extract. METHODS Germacrone and the extract were analyzed as solid forms or solublized with polyethylene glycol-40 (PEG-40) or methanol using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The effects of pH, temperature and light on their stability were studied. KEY FINDINGS Degradation of antiandrogenic compounds in C. aeruginosa was highly sensitive to temperature especially pure anhydrous germacrone, which was completely lost within 3 days at 45°C. Curiously, degradation was slower than as a dried extract. Paradoxically, when solubilized with PEG-40, it was largely intact even after 90 days at 45°C. The MS spectrum of a major degradation product suggested that it was elemenone probably produced by Cope rearrangement. Two other putative degradation products were germacrone-1,10-epoxide and germacrone-4,5-epoxide suggesting that oxidation of double bonds was an important mechanism. Germacrone stability was unaffected by pH (2.0-9.0) but only as dried extract it was slightly degraded by light. CONCLUSION Antiandrogenic constituents of C. aeruginosa were instable at high temperature and in solid form. Thus, the extract would be optimately stored as a solution or otherwise as solid form at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungruthai Suphrom
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Srivilai J, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Suphrom N, Ingkaninan K. Conformational analysis of an anti-androgenic, (E,E)-8-hydroxygermacrene B, using NOESY and dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3526-9. [PMID: 24951332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(E,E)-8-Hydroxygermacrene B was prepared by ketone reduction of germacrone, a naturally occurring compound from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. with NaBH4 at low temperature (4 °C). This compound showed remarkable in vitro anti-androgenic activity (IC50 0.15±0.022 mM) applicable to male baldness treatments. NMR analysis at -50 °C indicated that there were four conformational isomers of (E,E)-8-hydroxygermacrene B in a ratio of 48:40:8:4. The major conformers were assigned by (1)H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR spectroscopy as having methyl groups at C-10 and C-4 in up-down (UD) orientations (48% predominance) and UU (40%). (1)H NMR spectra implied another two minor conformers with these methyls having DU (8%) and DD (4%) orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkarin Srivilai
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Khorana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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