1
|
Serre ARE, Jha V, Rivault A, Eriksson LA, Ribeiro Morais G, Falconer RA. Dess-Martin periodinane-mediated oxidation of the primary alcohol of cytidine into a carboxylic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3848-3853. [PMID: 38635230 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein the first example of conversion of alcohols into carboxylic acids by use of the Dess-Martin Periodinane (DMP), which is otherwise routinely employed for the conversion to aldehydes, is reported. This methodology will have significant potential utility in the synthesis of cytidine analogues and other related biologically important molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R E Serre
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Vibhu Jha
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Adèle Rivault
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boiarska Z, Pérez-Peña H, Abel AC, Marzullo P, Álvarez-Bernad B, Bonato F, Santini B, Horvath D, Lucena-Agell D, Vasile F, Sironi M, Díaz JF, Prota AE, Pieraccini S, Passarella D. Maytansinol Functionalization: Towards Useful Probes for Studying Microtubule Dynamics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203431. [PMID: 36468686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maytansinoids are a successful class of natural and semisynthetic tubulin binders, known for their potent cytotoxic activity. Their wider application as cytotoxins and chemical probes to study tubulin dynamics has been held back by the complexity of natural product chemistry. Here we report the synthesis of long-chain derivatives and maytansinoid conjugates. We confirmed that bulky substituents do not impact their high activity or the scaffold's binding mode. These encouraging results open new avenues for the design of new maytansine-based probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Boiarska
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Pérez-Peña
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Catherine Abel
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paola Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Bonato
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedetta Santini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragos Horvath
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sironi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Pieraccini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aradi K, Di Giorgio A, Duca M. Aminoglycoside Conjugation for RNA Targeting: Antimicrobials and Beyond. Chemistry 2020; 26:12273-12309. [PMID: 32539167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural aminoglycosides are therapeutically useful antibiotics and very efficient RNA ligands. They are oligosaccharides that contain several ammonium groups able to interfere with the translation process in prokaryotes upon binding to bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and thus, impairing protein synthesis. Even if aminoglycosides are commonly used in therapy, these RNA binders lack selectivity and are able to bind to a wide number of RNA sequences/structures. This is one of the reasons for their toxicity and limited applications in therapy. At the same time, the ability of aminoglycosides to bind to various RNAs renders them a great source of inspiration for the synthesis of new binders with improved affinity and specificity toward several therapeutically relevant RNA targets. Thus, a number of studies have been performed on these complex and highly functionalized compounds, leading to the development of various synthetic methodologies toward the synthesis of conjugated aminoglycosides. The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the field of aminoglycoside conjugation, paying particular attention to modifications performed toward the improvement of affinity and especially to the selectivity of the resulting compounds. This will help readers to understand how to introduce a desired chemical modification for future developments of RNA ligands as antibiotics, antiviral, and anticancer compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Aradi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Maria Duca
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang ZJ, Concilio MG, Ramesh V, Zhang LH. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Neamine-Nucleoside Conjugates as Potential Antibiotic Targets for Escherichia coli 16S Ribosomal RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1870:151-163. [PMID: 30539553 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8808-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the nucleobase rich character of the binding pocket of A-site 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli, it was proposed that the neamine moiety of synthesized Neamine-nucleoside conjugates could bind to the groove of RNA while the nucleobase moiety would bind specifically to the sequence of the 16S rRNA A-site fragment. Thus the designed conjugate compound 5 was found to have the same dissociation constant as neamine for binding to 16S rRNA and the neamine-amino acid substituted nucleoside conjugate 8 and 9 showed 6.3 and 4.8 times greater RNA binding affinity, respectively, as compared with neamine. The results obtained successfully demonstrate the need for chemically modifying neamine and probe the changes induced using NMR protocols to assist in the discovery of new aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Li-He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anticancer Activity of Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, and Their Mechanism of Action. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:2952085. [PMID: 30693034 PMCID: PMC6332982 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2952085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring of chitosan through the involvement of its amino, acetamido, and hydroxy groups can give derivatives of enhanced solubility and remarkable anticancer activity. The general mechanism of such activity is associated with the disturbances in normal functioning of cell cycle, interference to the central dogma of biological system from DNA to RNA to protein or enzymatic synthesis, and the disruption of hormonal path to biosynthesis to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Both chitosan and its various derivatives have been reported to selectively permeate through the cancer cell membranes and show anticancer activity through the cellular enzymatic, antiangiogenic, immunoenhancing, antioxidant defense mechanism, and apoptotic pathways. They get sequestered from noncancer cells and provide their enhanced bioavailability in cancer cells in a sustained release manner. This review presents the putative mechanisms of anticancer activity of chitosan and mechanistic approaches of structure activity relation upon the modification of chitosan through functionalization, complex formation, and graft copolymerization to give different derivatives.
Collapse
|
6
|
Saftić D, Ban Ž, Matić J, Tumirv LM, Piantanida I. Conjugates of Classical DNA/RNA Binder with Nucleobase: Chemical, Biochemical and Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:5609-5624. [PMID: 29737251 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180508090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the most intensively studied classes of small molecules (molecular weight < 650) in biomedical research are small molecules that non-covalently bind to DNA/RNA, and another intensively studied class is nucleobase derivatives. Both classes have been intensively elaborated in many books and reviews. However, conjugates consisting of DNA/RNA binder covalently linked to nucleobase are much less studied and have not been reviewed in the last two decades. Therefore, this review summarized reports on the design of classical DNA/RNA binder - nucleobase conjugates, as well as data about their interactions with various DNA or RNA targets, and even in some cases protein targets are involved. According to these data, the most important structural aspects of selective or even specific recognition between small molecule and target are proposed, and where possible related biochemical and biomedical aspects were discussed. The general conclusion is that this, rather new class of molecules showed an amazing set of recognition tools for numerous DNA or RNA targets in the last two decades, as well as few intriguing in vitro and in vivo selectivities. Several lead research lines show promising advancements toward either novel, highly selective markers or bioactive, potentially druggable molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Saftić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija-Marija Tumirv
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harder M, Schäfer E, Kümin T, Illarionov B, Bacher A, Fischer M, Diederich F, Bernet B. 8-Substituted, syn-Configured Adenosine Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of the Enzyme IspE from the Non-Mevalonate Pathway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Pergolizzi G, Cominetti MMD, Butt JN, Field RA, Bowater RP, Wagner GK. Base-modified NAD and AMP derivatives and their activity against bacterial DNA ligases. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6380-98. [PMID: 25974621 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the chemical synthesis and conformational analysis of a collection of 2-, 6- and 8-substituted derivatives of β-NAD(+) and AMP, and their biochemical evaluation against NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases from Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial DNA ligases are validated anti-microbial targets, and new strategies for their inhibition are therefore of considerable scientific and practical interest. Our study includes several pairs of β-NAD(+) and AMP derivatives with the same substitution pattern at the adenine base. This has enabled the first direct comparison of co-substrate and inhibitor behaviour against bacterial DNA ligases. Our results suggest that an additional substituent in position 6 or 8 of the adenine base in β-NAD(+) is detrimental for activity as either co-substrate or inhibitor. In contrast, substituents in position 2 are not only tolerated, but appear to give rise to a new mode of inhibition, which targets the conformational changes these DNA ligases undergo during catalysis. Using a molecular modelling approach, we highlight that these findings have important implications for our understanding of ligase mechanism and inhibition, and may provide a promising starting point for the rational design of a new class of inhibitors against NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pergolizzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gadakh B, Smaers S, Rozenski J, Froeyen M, Van Aerschot A. 5'-(N-aminoacyl)-sulfonamido-5'-deoxyadenosine: attempts for a stable alternative for aminoacyl-sulfamoyl adenosines as aaRS inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:227-36. [PMID: 25686591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of aminoacyl-sulfamoyl adenosines (aaSAs) and their peptidyl conjugates as aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitors remains problematic due to the low yield of the aminoacylation and the subsequent conjugation reaction causing concomitant formation of a cyclic adenosine derivative. In an effort to reduce this undesirable side reaction, we aimed to prepare the corresponding aminoacyl sulfonamide (aaSoA) analogues as more stable alternatives for aaSA derivatives. Deletion of the 5'-oxygen in aaSA analogues should render the C-5' less electrophilic and therefore improve the stability of the aminoacyl sulfamate analogues. We therefore synthesized six sulfonamides and compared their activity against the respective aaSA analogues. However, except for the aspartyl derivative, the new compounds are not able to inhibit the corresponding aaRS. Possible reasons for this loss of activity are discussed by modeling and comparison of the newly synthesized aaSoA derivatives with their parent aaSA analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gadakh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Smaers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Camacho-García J, Montoro-García C, López-Pérez AM, Bilbao N, Romero-Pérez S, González-Rodríguez D. Synthesis and complementary self-association of novel lipophilic π-conjugated nucleoside oligomers. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4506-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of lipophilic nucleosides comprising natural and non-natural bases that are π-conjugated to a short oligophenylene–ethynylene fragment has been synthesized and their respective association constants measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Camacho-García
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Montoro-García
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - A. M. López-Pérez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - N. Bilbao
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - S. Romero-Pérez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - D. González-Rodríguez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials Group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu D, Du X, Shi J, Zhou J, Xu B. Supramolecular Nanofibers/Hydrogels of the Conjugates of Nucleobase, Saccharide, and Amino Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Grabar Branilović M, Tomić S, Tumir LM, Piantanida I. The bis-phenanthridinium system flexibility and position of covalently bound uracil finely tunes the interaction with polynucleotides. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:2051-62. [PMID: 23681361 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of structurally similar bis-phenanthridinium derivatives, some with uracil at different positions, revealed different interactions with various polynucleotides. The uniform binding of mononucleotides to all studied compounds by "cyclobisintercaland" binding type indicated that compound-polynucleotide interaction selectivity was the consequence of polynucleotide secondary structure and not direct nucleobase recognition. Although affinity and fluorimetric response of all studied compounds toward ds-DNA/RNA was similar, the thermal denaturation and ICD signal-based sensing was highly sensitive to polynucleotide basepair composition and secondary structure. In particular, for the specific poly rAH(+)-poly rAH(+) double helix MD parameters are newly developed and used for analysis of its complexes. The highly sensitive orientation of phenanthridinium as well as the role of the uracil substituent, both binding interactions finely tuned by the steric and binding properties of the DNA/RNA-ligand interaction site, offer novel structural information about binding and steric properties of particular DNA-RNA systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grabar Branilović
- Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Crystallography, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR 10002 Zagreb, P.O.B. 180, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiong J, Yan S, Ding N, Zhang W, Li Y. Ultrasound-Assisted Selective Deprotection of Terminal Acetonides Catalyzed by Silica-Supported Boron Trifluoride. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.762980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A, Varani K, Borea PA, De Marcos Maria Cruz B, Ferraro L, Manfredini S, Dalpiaz A. Synthesis and in vitro stability of nucleoside 5′-phosphonate derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Kumar S, Koh J, Kim H, Gupta M, Dutta P. A new chitosan–thymine conjugate: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
16
|
Gernigon N, Bordeau V, Berrée F, Felden B, Carboni B. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives: preponderant role of the substituent position on the neamine core. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4720-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Kumar S, Kim H, Gupta MK, Dutta PK, Koh J. WITHDRAWN: A new chitosan-thymine conjugate: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2011:S0141-8130(11)00371-0. [PMID: 21986543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicyv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Textile Engineering, Konkuk University,Seoul 143-701,South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Herdeis L, Bernet B, Augustine A, Kälin RE, Brändli AW, Vasella A. Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 27. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Golden KC, Gregg BT, Quinn JF. Mild, versatile, and chemoselective indium(III) triflate-catalyzed deprotection of acetonides under microwave heating conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Bacterial ribosomal RNA is the target of clinically important antibiotics, while biologically important RNAs in viral and eukaryotic genomes present a range of potential drug targets. The physicochemical properties of RNA present difficulties for medicinal chemistry, particularly when oral availability is needed. Peptidic ligands and analysis of their RNA-binding properties are providing insight into RNA recognition. RNA-binding ligands include far more chemical classes than just aminoglycosides. Chemical functionalities from known RNA-binding small molecules are being exploited in fragment- and ligand-based projects. While targeting of RNA for drug design is very challenging, continuing advances in our understanding of the principles of RNA–ligand interaction will be necessary to realize the full potential of this class of targets.
Collapse
|