1
|
Li S, Nakahara S, Adachi T, Murata T, Takaishi K, Ema T. Skeletal Formation of Carbocycles with CO 2: Selective Synthesis of Indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles or Cyclophanes from Indoles, CO 2, and Phenylsilane. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14935-14941. [PMID: 38722086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic reactions of indoles with CO2 and phenylsilane afforded indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, where the fused benzene ring was constructed by forming two C-H bonds and four C-C bonds with two CO2 molecules via deoxygenative conversions. Nine-membered cyclophanes made up of three indoles and three CO2 molecules were also obtained, where the cyclophane framework was constructed by forming six C-H bonds and six C-C bonds. These multicomponent cascade reactions giving completely different carbocycles were switched simply by choosing the solvent, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakahara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Taishin Adachi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alvi S, Sil A, Maity S, Singh V, Guchhait B, Ali R. C3-Symmetric Indole-Based Truxenes: Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9098-9108. [PMID: 38434898 PMCID: PMC10905574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, truxenes and related polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have engrossed ample interest of the scientific community because of their ease of synthesis, functionalizations, and use as building blocks for the synthesis of fullerene fragments, liquid crystals, larger polyarenes, and C3-tripod materials. In the present work, we have disclosed an ingenious method for the construction of various indolo-truxene hybrid molecules in good yields (52-90%), by means of the acid-catalyzed cotrimerization, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and Fischer indole synthesis, and fully characterized them through the standard spectroscopic techniques. The photophysical properties of the thus-prepared compounds have also been investigated using steady-state absorption and fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been studied to correlate them with the measured photophysical properties of the synthesized indolo-truxene derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arnab Sil
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sayantan Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Vikash Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Biswajit Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perez-Ortiz G, Sidda JD, Peate J, Ciccarelli D, Ding Y, Barry SM. Production of copropophyrin III, biliverdin and bilirubin by the rufomycin producer, Streptomyces atratus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092166. [PMID: 37007481 PMCID: PMC10060970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is best known for its role as a versatile prosthetic group in prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins with diverse biological functions including gas and electron transport, as well as a wide array of redox chemistry. However, free heme and related tetrapyrroles also have important roles in the cell. In several bacterial strains, heme biosynthetic precursors and degradation products have been proposed to function as signaling molecules, ion chelators, antioxidants and photoprotectants. While the uptake and degradation of heme by bacterial pathogens is well studied, less is understood about the physiological role of these processes and their products in non-pathogenic bacteria. Streptomyces are slow growing soil bacteria known for their extraordinary capacity to produce complex secondary metabolites, particularly many clinically used antibiotics. Here we report the unambiguous identification of three tetrapyrrole metabolites from heme metabolism, coproporphyrin III, biliverdin and bilirubin, in culture extracts of the rufomycin antibiotic producing Streptomyces atratus DSM41673. We propose that biliverdin and bilirubin may combat oxidative stress induced by nitric oxide production during rufomycin biosynthesis, and indicate the genes involved in their production. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the production of all three of these tetrapyrroles by a Streptomycete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah M. Barry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou H, Huang Z, Huang H, Song C, Chang J. Synthesis of bisindolylmethane, bispyrrolylmethane, and indolylpyrrolylmethane derivatives via reductive heteroarylation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Santoso M, Fadlan A, Fahmi MRG, Rahmayanti A. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample 6 (IC50 0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and N-methyl of the isatin scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mardi Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya , 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Arif Fadlan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya , 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Riza Ghulam Fahmi
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung , Villa Puncak Tidar N-01 , Malang , 65151 , Indonesia
| | - Ardhana Rahmayanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul 10 Ulama Sidoarjo , Jl. Monginsidi Dalam KAV DPR, Sidoklumpuk , Sidoarjo , 61218 , Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dobrowolski JC, Somphol K, Santoso M, Duong H, Gardner CR, Kumar N, Black DS. Methanal Extrusion in ipso-Substitution Reactions of Hydroxymethylindoles. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A range of 3-hydroxymethylindoles undergo acid-catalysed reactions involving ipso-electrophilic substitution with the extrusion of methanal and the formation of diindolylmethane moieties. Both inter- and intramolecular processes lead to macrocyclic compounds 10 and 14.
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Sayed MT, Wessjohann L, Porzel A, Hilgeroth A. Diazatruxenes from the Condensation Reaction of Indoles with Ninhydrin. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mardia T. El-Sayed
- Chemical Industries Division, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry; National Research Centre; El Behous Street Dokki Cairo Egypt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University, Research Group of Drug Development and Analysis; Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Andreas Hilgeroth
- Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University, Research Group of Drug Development and Analysis; Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Gong W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Jiao Y, Xue J, Li Y. Regio- and Stereoselective[4+3] Cycloaddition Towards Fused 5,7,6-Tricyclic Skeletons. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:546-51. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Somphol K, Santoso M, Bhadbhade M, Gardner C, Kumar N, Black DS. Synthesis of mixed cyclotriveratrylenes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
11
|
Kim JH, Lee SB, Lee WK, Yoon DH, Ha HJ. Synthesis of 1,2,5- and 1,2,3,5-substituted pyrroles from substituted aziridines via Ag(I)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Barluenga J, Piedrafita M, Ballesteros A, Suárez‐Sobrino ÁL, González JM. Gold‐Catalyzed Annulations of 1‐(2,3‐Butadienyl)‐1
H
‐Indole Derivatives. Chemistry 2010; 16:11827-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo (Spain), Fax: (+34) 98510‐3450
| | - María Piedrafita
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo (Spain), Fax: (+34) 98510‐3450
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo (Spain), Fax: (+34) 98510‐3450
| | - Ángel L. Suárez‐Sobrino
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo (Spain), Fax: (+34) 98510‐3450
| | - José M. González
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo (Spain), Fax: (+34) 98510‐3450
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arzillo M, Pezzella A, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, Land EJ, Barone V, d’Ischia M. Cyclic Structural Motifs in 5,6-Dihydroxyindole Polymerization Uncovered: Biomimetic Modular Buildup of a Unique Five-Membered Macrocycle. Org Lett 2010; 12:3250-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Arzillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Land
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Physical & Geographical Sciences, Keele University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sundberg RJ. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Indoles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Santoso M, Kumar N, Black DS. Some acid-catalysed reactions of indol-3-yl and indol-2-yl disubstituted methanols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
1-Substituted indol-3-yl and indol-2-yl disubstituted methanols do not undergo acid-catalysed trimerisation to yield indolocyclotriveratrylenes, unlike the related primary 1-substituted indol-3-yl- and -2-ylmethanols. The 1-substituted indol-3-ylmethanols 10 and 11 gave diindol-3-ylmethanes 12 and 13, respectively, on treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid in dichloromethane. In contrast, the indol-2-ylmethanols 22 and 23 gave the reduced indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles 24 and 25, respectively, on treatment with boron trifluoride etherate in benzene. An X-ray crystal structure of compound 24 is described.
Collapse
|