1
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Grunshaw T, Wood SH, Sproules S, Parrott A, Nordon A, Shapland PDP, Wheelhouse KMP, Tomkinson NCO. A Mechanistic Investigation of the N-Hydroxyphthalimide Catalyzed Benzylic Oxidation Mediated by Sodium Chlorite. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7933-7945. [PMID: 38748510 PMCID: PMC11165572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A detailed investigation into the mechanistic course of N-hydroxyphthalimide catalyzed oxidation of benzylic centers using sodium chlorite as the stoichiometric oxidant is reported. Through a combination of experimental, spectroscopic, and computational techniques, the transformation is interrogated, providing improved reaction conditions and an enhanced understanding of the mechanism. Performing the transformation in the presence of acetic acid or a pH 4.5 buffer leads to extended reaction times but improves the catalyst lifetime, leading to the complete consumption of the starting material. Chlorine dioxide is identified as the active oxidant that is able to oxidize the N-hydroxyphthalimide anion to the phthalimide-N-oxyl radical, the proposed catalytically active species, which is able to abstract a hydrogen atom from the substrate. A second molecule of chlorine dioxide reacts with the resultant radical and, after loss of hypochlorous acid, leads to the observed product. Through a broad variety of techniques including UV/vis, EPR and Raman spectroscopy, isotopic labeling, and the use of radical traps, evidence for the mechanism is presented that is supported through electronic structural calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grunshaw
- Department
Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
- GlaxoSmithKline
R&D, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Susanna H. Wood
- Department
Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Stephen Sproules
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Andrew Parrott
- Department
Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alison Nordon
- Department
Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | | | | | - Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson
- Department
Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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2
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Liu S, Zhao C, Pan M, Liao H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Rong L. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Radical Carbamylation/Cyclization of 2-Aryl- N-methacryloylindoles with Substituted Formamides to Assemble Amidated Indolo[2,1- a]isoquinolin-6(5 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16352-16364. [PMID: 37971731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of amidated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones has been achieved via copper(I)-catalyzed radical carbamylation/cyclization of 2-aryl-N-methacryloylindoles with substituted formamides. In this reaction, an isoquinoline ring was constructed by carbamylation of a carbon-carbon double bond in 2-arylindoles. This strategy successfully introduces the substituted amide group into the indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline skeleton and has advantages such as wide substituent scope, mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity, and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Congcong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hailin Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liangce Rong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
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3
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Schrempp M, Wagner R, Gleich H, Gansäuer A, Menche D. Quaternary Carbon Synthesis by Titanocene Catalyzed Radical Allyl Transfer on Epoxides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8089-8094. [PMID: 37930187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A versatile titanocene-catalyzed radical allyl transfer reaction on epoxides is reported. Epoxide opening occurs regioselectively at the more hindered side, and variously substituted allyl sulfone may be coupled to this position in an efficient manner, enabling a rapid access to quaternary carbon centers with useful functionalities for further elaboration. Furthermore, the procedure can be expanded to stereoselective variants. This new radical allyl transfer expands the scope of allylation in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrempp
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Wagner
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Gleich
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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4
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Jiao Y, Stoddart J. Electron / hole catalysis: A versatile strategy for promoting chemical transformations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Zard SZ. The xanthate route to six-membered carbocycles. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221088194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Convergent routes to various six-membered carbocyclic architectures exploiting the unique radical chemistry of xanthates are described in this brief review. Three approaches are discussed. The first is the modification of existing cyclohexane building blocks, namely, cyclohexanones, cyclohexenones and cyclohexenes. The second deals with the construction of six-membered carbocycles by associating the chemistry of xanthates with classical ionic reactions, especially the Robinson annulation, the Michael addition and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation. Finally, the third route is the formation of six-membered rings by direct six- exo and, but more rarely, six- endo cyclisation modes. Many of the complex structures presented herein would be tedious to obtain by more traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au C. N. R. S., UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Peng WL, Jhang YJ, Chang CY, Peng PK, Zhao WT, Wu YK. Total synthesis of (±)-mersicarpine following a 6- exo-trig radical cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6193-6195. [PMID: 35467680 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00620k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described is a total synthesis of racemic mersicarpine from diethyl 4-oxopimelate. The synthetic route takes advantage of a 2-indolyl radical cyclization to construct the pyrido[1,2-a]indole scaffold bearing the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Jia Jhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Yu Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Kai Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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7
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Pitre SP, Overman LE. Strategic Use of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1717-1751. [PMID: 34232019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of photocatalytic reactions promoted by visible light is leading to a renaissance in the use of photochemistry in the construction of structurally elaborate organic molecules. Because of the rich functionality found in natural products, studies in natural product total synthesis provide useful insights into functional group compatibility of these new photocatalytic methods as well as their impact on synthetic strategy. In this review, we examine total syntheses published through the end of 2020 that employ a visible-light photoredox catalytic step. To assist someone interested in employing the photocatalytic steps discussed, the review is organized largely by the nature of the bond formed in the photocatalytic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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8
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Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Renaissance of Homogeneous Cerium Catalysts with Unique Ce(IV/III) Couple: Redox-Mediated Organic Transformations Involving Homolysis of Ce(IV)-Ligand Covalent Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7879-7890. [PMID: 33904711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the catalytic application of cerium complexes were achieved through controlling the Ce(IV/III) redox couple. Although Ce(IV) complexes have been extensively investigated as stoichiometric oxidants in organic synthesis on the basis of their highly positive redox potentials, these complexes can be used as catalysts, not only by introducing supporting ligands around the coordination sphere of cerium, but also by taking advantage of the photoresponsive properties of Ce(IV) and Ce(III) species. Cerium is highly abundant, comparable to that of some first-row transition metals such as copper, nickel, and zinc. Cerium complexes are new and promising homogeneous catalyst candidates for a variety of organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. They are typically used to activate dioxygen to oxidize organic compounds and applied for organic radical generation using the photoresponsive character of Ce(IV) carboxylates and alkoxides as well as electronic transition of Ce(III), in which homolysis of Ce(IV)-ligand covalent bonds is an important step for the overall catalytic cycle. In this Perspective, we first review the early discovery of Ce(OAc)4-mediated oxidative transformations to emphasize the importance of Ce(IV)-OAc bond homolysis in various C-C bond-forming reactions and its relation to recent developments. We then focus on the fundamental importance of Ce(IV) reactivity involving thermal and photoassisted homolysis of the Ce(IV)-ligand covalent bond and the developments regarding Ce(IV/III) redox changes in catalytic reactions together with our recent findings on cerium-based catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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9
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Atom-transfer radical cyclization of α-bromocarboxamides under organophotocatalytic conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Tomanik M, Hsu IT, Herzon SB. Fragment Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis That Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds via Carbanionic or Free Radical Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1116-1150. [PMID: 31869476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragment coupling reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds are valuable transformations in synthetic design. Advances in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the early 2000s brought a high level of predictability and reliability to carbon-carbon bond constructions involving the union of unsaturated fragments. By comparison, recent years have witnessed an increase in fragment couplings proceeding via carbanionic and open-shell (free radical) intermediates. The latter has been driven by advances in methods to generate and utilize carbon-centered radicals under mild conditions. In this Review, we survey a selection of recent syntheses that have implemented carbanion- or radical-based fragment couplings to form carbon-carbon bonds. We aim to highlight the strategic value of these disconnections in their respective settings and to identify extensible lessons from each example that might be instructive to students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ian Tingyung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Tomanik M, Hsu IT, Herzon SB. Fragmentverknüpfungen in der Totalsynthese – Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen über intermediäre Carbanionen oder freie Radikale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
| | - Ian Tingyung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University 333 Cedar St New Haven CT USA
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12
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Tintori G, Fall A, Assani N, Zhao Y, Bergé-Lefranc D, Redon S, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Generation of powerful organic electron donors by water-assisted decarboxylation of benzimidazolium carboxylates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ and easy generation of organic electron donors from water-activation of carboxylate precursors allows OED-promoted intermolecular radical addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tintori
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Arona Fall
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Nadhrata Assani
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | | | - Sébastien Redon
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
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13
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Zheng L, Tao K, Guo W. Recent Developments in Photo‐Catalyzed/Promoted Synthesis of Indoles and Their Functionalization: Reactions and Mechanisms. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
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14
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Lichtenberg C. Main-Group Metal Complexes in Selective Bond Formations Through Radical Pathways. Chemistry 2020; 26:9674-9687. [PMID: 32048770 PMCID: PMC7496981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in radical reactions involving main-group metal complexes. This includes the isolation and detailed characterization of main-group metal radical compounds, but also the generation of highly reactive persistent or transient radical species. A rich arsenal of methods has been established that allows control over and exploitation of their unusual reactivity patterns. Thus, main-group metal compounds have entered the field of selective bond formations in controlled radical reactions. Transformations that used to be the domain of late transition-metal compounds have been realized, and unusual selectivities, high activities, as well as remarkable functional-group tolerances have been reported. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of main-group metal compounds to become standard tools of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science, when operating through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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15
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16
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Cardinale L, Konev MO, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Carbamoyl Radicals to Olefins: A 1,4-Dihydropyridine Approach. Chemistry 2020; 26:8239-8243. [PMID: 32428293 PMCID: PMC7384035 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization with C1-building blocks are key synthetic methods in organic synthesis. The low reactivity of the most abundant C1 -molecule, carbon dioxide, makes alternative carboxylation reactions with CO2 -surrogates especially important. We report a photoredox-catalyzed protocol for alkene carbamoylations. Readily accessible 4-carboxamido-Hantzsch esters serve as convenient starting materials that generate carbamoyl radicals upon visible light-mediated single-electron transfer. Addition to various alkenes proceeded with high levels of regio- and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cardinale
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Mikhail O. Konev
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
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17
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Leng L, Fu Y, Liu P, Ready JM. Regioselective, Photocatalytic α-Functionalization of Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11972-11977. [PMID: 32573218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic α-functionalization of amines provides a mild and atom-economical means to synthesize α-branched amines. Prior examples featured symmetrical or electronically biased substrates. Here we report a controllable α-functionalization of amines in which regioselectivity can be tuned with minor changes to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Leng
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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18
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Bonjoch J, Diaba F. Radical Reactions in Alkaloid Synthesis: A Perspective from Carbon Radical Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Faiza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
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19
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Kamimura A, Itaya T, Yoshinaga T, Nozawa R, Kawamoto T, Sumimoto M, Uno H. Highly Cumulated Radical Cascade Reaction of aza-1,6-Enyenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of exo
-Methylene Piperidines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamimura
- Department Applied Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Itaya
- Department Applied Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yoshinaga
- Department Applied Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department Applied Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamoto
- Department Applied Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Department Environmental Chemistry; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry; Ehime University; 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
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20
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Kim JS, Dutta A, Vasu V, Adebolu OI, Asandei AD. Universal Group 14 Free Radical Photoinitiators for Vinylidene Fluoride, Styrene, Methyl Methacrylate, Vinyl Acetate, and Butadiene. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Sung Kim
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Abhirup Dutta
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Vignesh Vasu
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Olumide I. Adebolu
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
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21
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22
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Kohlmann T, Kerzig C, Goez M. Laser-Induced Wurtz-Type Syntheses with a Metal-Free Photoredox Catalytic Source of Hydrated Electrons. Chemistry 2019; 25:9991-9996. [PMID: 31059596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Upon irradiation with ns laser pulses at 355 nm, 2-aminoanthracene in SDS micelles readily produces hydrated electrons. These "super-reductants" rapidly attack substrates such as chloro-organics and convert them into carbon-centred radicals through dissociative electron transfer. For a catalytic cycle, the aminoanthracene needs to be restored from its photoionization by-product, the radical cation, by a sacrificial donor. The ascorbate monoanion can only achieve this across the micelle-water interface, but the monoanion of ascorbyl palmitate results in a fully micelle-contained regenerative electron source. The shielding by the micelle in the latter case not only increases the life of the catalyst but also strongly suppresses the interception of the carbon-centred radicals by the hydrogen-donating ascorbate moiety; and in conjunction with the high local concentrations effected by the pulsed laser, termination by radical dimerization thus dominates. We have obtained a complete and consistent picture through monitoring the individual steps and the assembled system by flash photolysis on fast and slow timescales, from microseconds to minutes; and in preparative studies on a variety of substrates, we have achieved up to quantitative dimerization with a turnover on the order of 1 mmol per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kohlmann
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Goez
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Nishiyama H, Hosoya H, Parker BF, Arnold J, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Hydrodehalogenation of alkyl halides catalyzed by a trichloroniobium complex with a redox active α-diimine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7247-7250. [PMID: 31165806 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-valent d0 niobium(v) complex, (α-diimine)NbCl3 (1), bearing a dianionic redox-active α-diimine ligand served as a catalyst for a hydrodehalogenation reaction of alkyl halides in the presence of PhSiH3. During the catalytic reaction, the redox-active α-diimine ligand allowed the complex to reversibly release and accept one-electron through switching its coordination mode between a dianionic folded form and a monoanionic planar one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nishiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Hosoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Bernard F Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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24
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Zhang J, Li Z, Zhuo J, Cui Y, Han T, Li C. Tandem Decarboxylative Cyclization/Alkenylation Strategy for Total Syntheses of (+)-Longirabdiol, (−)-Longirabdolactone, and (−)-Effusin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8372-8380. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zijian Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Junming Zhuo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue Cui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ting Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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25
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Sherwood TC, Xiao HY, Bhaskar RG, Simmons EM, Zaretsky S, Rauch MP, Knowles RR, Dhar TGM. Decarboxylative Intramolecular Arene Alkylation Using N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides, an Organic Photocatalyst, and Visible Light. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8360-8379. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C. Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hai-Yun Xiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Roshan G. Bhaskar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin P. Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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26
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Horino Y, Murakami M, Aimono A, Lee JH, Abe H. Trialkylborane-Mediated Multicomponent Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Anti-δ,δ-Disubstituted Homoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:476-480. [PMID: 30596237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trialkylborane/O2-mediated reaction of propargyl acetates having a tributylstannyl group at an alkyne terminus with aldehydes in a THF-H2O solvent system gave anti-δ,δ-disubstituted homoallylic alcohols with good to high diastereoselectivity. Intriguingly, two alkyl groups derived from trialkylborane were embedded into the reaction product. The trialkylborane plays a key role not only as a radical initiator but also as a source of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Miki Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Ataru Aimono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Dongguk University , Gyeongju 780-714 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
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27
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Pitre SP, Weires NA, Overman LE. Forging C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Bonds with Carbon-Centered Radicals in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2800-2813. [PMID: 30566838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radical fragment coupling reactions that unite intricate subunits have become an important class of transformations within the arena of complex molecule synthesis. This Perspective highlights some of the early contributions in this area, as well as more modern applications of radical fragment couplings in the preparation of natural products. Additionally, emphasis is placed on contemporary advances that allow for radical generation under mild conditions as a driving force for the implementation of radical fragment couplings in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Weires
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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28
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Bowry VW, Chatgilialoglu C. Radical Arene Addition vs Radical Reduction: Why Organometal Hydride Chain Reactions Stop and How To Make Them Go. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10037-10050. [PMID: 30028610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonideal kinetic chain analysis was used to examine the kinetic limitations of free-radical synthesis. Homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS: ArH + R• → ArR + H•) occurs in a chain-terminating side reaction to the tributyltin hydride ( SnH) reduction chain (RX + SnH + ( i•)cat. → RH + SnX). Kinetic modeling of premixed and slow reagent addition reactions have clarified the mechanisms of SM HAS, with the azo initiator ( iNN i) acting not only as radical source but also (as an H• acceptor) as the redox catalyst for aromatization, and/or as a postaddition oxidant. Refractory halides and other hitherto baffling anomalies may arise from the build up of ipso (rather than ortho)-cycloadduct radicals in the steady-state radical population. The implications of these findings for "tin-free" radical chains (and emerging photoredox methods) are considered via historical and recent examples of the effects of chain-degrading radical transfer (to substrate, product, solvent, initiator, and/or reagent ligands) on the reagent's chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Bowry
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via P. Gobetti 101 , Bologna 40129 , Italy
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29
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Hara R, Khiar C, Dange NS, Bouillac P, Robert F, Landais Y. Boronic Acid Mediated Carbocyanation of Olefins and Vinylation of Alkyl Iodides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Hara
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Chahinaz Khiar
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et du Génie Chimique (LCAGC); Université Mouloud Mammerie de Tizi-Ouzou; 15000 Tizi-Ouzou Algeria
| | - Nitin S. Dange
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Pierre Bouillac
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences; University of Bordeaux; UMR-CNRS 5255; 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex France
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30
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Abstract
The alkylation of enolates is one of the backbones of ketone chemistry, yet in practice it suffers from numerous limitations due to problems of regiochemistry (including O- versus C-alkylation), multiple alkylations, self-condensation, competing elimination, and incompatibility with many polar groups that have to be protected. Over the years, various solutions have been devised to overcome these difficulties, such as the employment of auxiliary ester or sulfone groups to modify the p Ka of the enolizable hydrogens, the passage by the corresponding hydrazones, the use of transition-metal-catalyzed redox systems to formally alkylate ketones with alcohols, etc. Most of these hurdles disappear upon switching to α-ketonyl radicals. Radicals are tolerant of most polar functions, and radical additions to flat sp2 centers are generally easier to accomplish than enolate substitution at tetrahedral sp3 carbons. The main stumbling block, however, has been a lack of generally applicable methods for the generation and intermolecular capture of α-ketonyl radicals. We have found over the past years that the degenerative exchange of xanthates represents in many ways an ideal solution to this problem. It overcomes essentially all of the difficulties faced by other radical processes because of its unique ability to reversibly store reactive radicals in a dormant, nonreactive form. The lifetime of the radicals can therefore be significantly enhanced, even in the concentrated medium needed for bimolecular additions, while at the same time regulating their absolute and relative concentrations. The ability to perform intermolecular additions to highly functionalized alkene partners opens up numerous possibilities for rapid and convergent access to complex structures. Of particular importance is the elaboration of ketones that are prone to self-condensation, such trifluoroacetone, and of base-sensitive ketones, such as chloro- and dichloroacetone, since the products can be used for the synthesis of a myriad fluorinated and heteroaromatic compounds of relevance to medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. The formal distal dialkylation of ketones, also of utmost synthetic interest, is readily accomplished, allowing convenient access to a wide array of useful ketone building blocks. Cascade processes can be implemented and, in alliance with powerful classical reactions (aldol, alkylative Birch reductions, etc.), furnish a quick route to complex polycyclic scaffolds. Furthermore, the presence of the xanthate group in the adducts can be exploited to obtain a variety of arenes and heteroarenes, such as pyrroles, thiophenes, naphthalenes, and pyridines, as well as enones, dienes, and cyclopropanes. Last but not least, the reagents and most of the starting materials are exceedingly cheap, and the reactions are safe and easy to scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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31
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Wang Y, Xie F, Lin B, Cheng M, Liu Y. Synthetic Approaches to Tetracyclic Indolines as Versatile Building Blocks of Diverse Indole Alkaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:14302-14315. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 P. R. China
| | - Fukai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
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32
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Decarbonylative radical conjugate addition of aliphatic aldehydes for alkylation of electron-deficient alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Huang H, Sun B, Huang Y, Niu J. Radical Cascade-Triggered Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10402-10406. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bohan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yingzi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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34
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Ding S, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Tian S, Ren H, Zhu M, Li K, Miao Z. Silver(I)-mediated Reaction of 2-Isocyanobiaryl with Alkyl Trifluoroborates: Efficient Synthesis of 6-Alkylated Phenanthridines. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
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35
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Sarkar D, Sahoo SR. Radical-induced expeditious stereoselective synthesis of 2-alkyl 3-allyl trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (TADHBs). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1415357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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36
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Tao DJ, Slutskyy Y, Muuronen M, Le A, Kohler P, Overman LE. Total Synthesis of (-)-Chromodorolide B By a Computationally-Guided Radical Addition/Cyclization/Fragmentation Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3091-3102. [PMID: 29412658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a chromodorolide marine diterpenoid is described. The core of the diterpenoid is constructed by a bimolecular radical addition/cyclization/fragmentation cascade that unites two complex fragments and forms two C-C bonds and four contiguous stereogenic centers of (-)-chromodorolide B in a single step. This coupling step is initiated by visible-light photocatalytic fragmentation of a redox-active ester, which can be accomplished in the presence of an iridium or a less-precious electron-rich dicyanobenzene photocatalyst, and employs equimolar amounts of the two addends. Computational studies guided the development of this central step of the synthesis and provide insight into the origin of the observed stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yuriy Slutskyy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Alexander Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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37
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Sakata K, Wang Y, Urabe D, Inoue M. Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Structure of Batrachotoxin Enabled by Bridgehead Radical Coupling and Pd/Ni-Promoted Ullmann Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 20:130-133. [PMID: 29232148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal ABCD-ring system of the potent neurotoxin batrachotoxin was efficiently assembled in a convergent fashion. Bridgehead radical coupling between the simple AB-ring and D-ring fragments (3 and 4) formed the sterically congested linkage at the C9-oxygen-attached tetrasubstituted carbon. The C-ring was then cyclized by the Pd/Ni-promoted Ullmann reaction of the vinyl triflate and vinyl bromide of 19, giving rise to tetracyclic structure 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yinghua Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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38
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Hashimoto S, Katoh SI, Kato T, Urabe D, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Resiniferatoxin Enabled by Radical-Mediated Three-Component Coupling and 7-endo Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16420-16429. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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39
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14262-14266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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40
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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41
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Selvakumar S, Kang QK, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Maruoka K. Hypervalent iodine(III) catalyzed radical hydroacylation of chiral alkylidenemalonates with aliphatic aldehydes under photolysis. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Zhang YQ, Vogelsang E, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed Radical Opening of N-Acylated Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12654-12657. [PMID: 28833905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aziridines activated by N-acylation are opened to the higher substituted radical through electron transfer from titanocene(III) complexes in a novel catalytic reaction. This reaction is applicable in conjugate additions, reductions, and cyclizations and suited for the construction of quaternary carbon centers. The concerted mechanism of the ring opening is indicated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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43
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Zhang Y, Vogelsang E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene‐Catalyzed Radical Opening of N‐Acylated Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Universität Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Universität Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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44
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Fujino H, Nagatomo M, Paudel A, Panthee S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Unified Total Synthesis of Polyoxins J, L, and Fluorinated Analogues on the Basis of Decarbonylative Radical Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11865-11869. [PMID: 28727238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxins J (1 a) and L (1 b) are important nucleoside antibiotics. The complex and densely functionalized dipeptide structures of 1 a and 1 b contain thymine and uracil nucleobases, respectively. Herein we report the unified total synthesis of 1 a, 1 b, and their artificial analogues 1 c and 1 d with trifluorothymine and fluorouracil structures. Decarbonylative radical coupling between α-alkoxyacyl tellurides and a chiral glyoxylic oxime ether led to chemo- and stereoselective construction of the ribonucleoside α-amino acid structures of 1 a-d without damaging the preinstalled nucleobases. The high applicability of the radical-based methodology was further demonstrated by preparation of the trihydroxynorvaline moiety of 1 a-d. The two amino acid fragments were connected and elaborated into 1 a-d (longest linear sequence: 11 steps). Compounds 1 a and 1 b assembled in this way exhibited potent activity against true fungi, while only 1 d was active against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Fujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Teikyo University, Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- Teikyo University, Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Teikyo University, Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Teikyo University, Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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45
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Fujino H, Nagatomo M, Paudel A, Panthee S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Unified Total Synthesis of Polyoxins J, L, and Fluorinated Analogues on the Basis of Decarbonylative Radical Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Fujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Teikyo University; Institute of Medical Mycology; 359 Otsuka, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0395 Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- Teikyo University; Institute of Medical Mycology; 359 Otsuka, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Teikyo University; Institute of Medical Mycology; 359 Otsuka, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0395 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Teikyo University; Institute of Medical Mycology; 359 Otsuka, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0395 Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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46
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Golzari N, Adams J, Beuermann S. Inducing β Phase Crystallinity in Block Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride with Methyl Methacrylate or Styrene. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 30970986 PMCID: PMC6418974 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with either styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized and analyzed with respect to the type of the crystalline phase occurring. PVDF with iodine end groups (PVDF-I) was prepared by iodine transfer polymerization either in solution with supercritical CO₂ or in emulsion. To activate all iodine end groups Mn₂(CO)10 is employed. Upon UV irradiation Mn(CO)₅ radicals are obtained, which abstract iodine from PVDF-I generating PVDF radicals. Subsequent polymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) yields block copolymers. Size exclusion chromatography and NMR results prove that the entire PVDF-I is converted. XRD, FT-IR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses allow for the identification of crystal phase transformation. It is clearly shown that the original α crystalline phase of PVDF-I is changed to the β crystalline phase in case of the block copolymers. For ratios of the VDF block length to the MMA block length ranging from 1.4 to 5 only β phase material was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Golzari
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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47
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Minagawa K, Urabe D, Inoue M. A three-component coupling approach to the ACE-ring substructure of C19-diterpene alkaloids. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:326-332. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Fang G, Cong X, Zanoni G, Liu Q, Bi X. Silver-Based Radical Reactions: Development and Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guichun Fang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University, Tianjin; 300071 People's Republic of China
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49
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Correia VG, Abreu JC, Barata CAE, Andrade LH. Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxindoles: Application to the Preparation of Pyrroloindolines. Org Lett 2017; 19:1060-1063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valquírio G. Correia
- Departament of Fundamental
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Abreu
- Departament of Fundamental
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio A. E. Barata
- Departament of Fundamental
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro H. Andrade
- Departament of Fundamental
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Miyabe H, Kawashima A, Yoshioka E, Kohtani S. Progress in Enantioselective Radical Cyclizations. Chemistry 2017; 23:6225-6236. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy; Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku; Kobe 650-8530 Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- School of Pharmacy; Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku; Kobe 650-8530 Japan
| | - Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy; Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku; Kobe 650-8530 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohtani
- School of Pharmacy; Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku; Kobe 650-8530 Japan
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