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Krishna AV, Ramachary DB. The seven-step, one-pot regioselective synthesis of biologically important 3-aryllawsones: scope and applications. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3948-3954. [PMID: 35348169 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
3-Aryllawsones are well known for their wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry, but their synthesis has always remained challenging as no comprehensive protocol has been outlined to date. Owing to their structural importance, we synthesized various 3-aryllawsones with high regioselectivity from simple lawsone and aldehydes in a seven-step double-cascade one-pot reaction through the combination of organocatalytic Ramachary reductive coupling and Hooker oxidation reactions. The commercial availability of the starting materials, diverse substrate scope, possibility of a one- or two-pot approach, regioselectivity of alkyl transfer (with mechanistic proof provided via X-ray crystal structure analysis), and numerous medicinal applications of 3-aryllawsones are the key attractions of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugam V Krishna
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
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2
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Bagha UK, Satpathy JK, Mukherjee G, Sastri CV, de Visser SP. A comprehensive insight into aldehyde deformylation: mechanistic implications from biology and chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1879-1899. [PMID: 33406196 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde deformylation is an important reaction in biology, organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry and the process has been widely applied and utilized. For instance, in biology, the aldehyde deformylation reaction has wide differences in biological function, whereby cyanobacteria convert aldehydes into alkanes or alkenes, which are used as natural products for, e.g., defense mechanisms. By contrast, the cytochromes P450 catalyse the biosynthesis of hormones, such as estrogen, through an aldehyde deformylation reaction step. In organic chemistry, the aldehyde deformylation reaction is a common process for replacing functional groups on a molecule, and as such, many different synthetic methods and procedures have been reported that involve an aldehyde deformylation step. In bioinorganic chemistry, a variety of metal(iii)-peroxo complexes have been synthesized as biomimetic models and shown to react efficiently with aldehydes through deformylation reactions. This review paper provides an overview of the various aldehyde deformylation reactions in organic chemistry, biology and biomimetic model systems, and shows a broad range of different chemical reaction mechanisms for this process. Although a nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl centre is the consensus reaction mechanism, several examples of an alternative electrophilic reaction mechanism starting with hydrogen atom abstraction have been reported as well. There is still much to learn and to discover on aldehyde deformylation reactions, as deciphered in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar Bagha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | | | - Gourab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Chivukula V Sastri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and the Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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3
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Jalali M, Ho CC, Fuller RO, Lucas NT, Ariafard A, Bissember AC. Photochemical Activation of a Hydroxyquinone-Derived Phenyliodonium Ylide by Visible Light: Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1758-1768. [PMID: 33377772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have identified and extensively investigated the photochemical activation and reaction of a hydroxyquinone-derived phenyliodonium ylide in the presence of visible light using experiment and theory. These studies revealed that in its photoexcited state this iodonium is capable of facilitating a range of single-electron transfer (SET) processes, including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), a Povarov-type reaction, and atom-transfer radical addition chemistry. Where possible, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) to develop a more complete understanding of these photoinduced synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jalali
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Rebecca O Fuller
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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4
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Sar S, Chauhan J, Sen S. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Hydrazines via Catalytic Iodine in Air: Arylation of Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4213-4222. [PMID: 32149251 PMCID: PMC7057683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arylated building blocks or heterocycles are key to myriad applications, including pharmaceutical drug discovery, materials sciences, and many more. Herein, we have reported a mild and efficient strategy for generation of aryl radicals by reacting appropriate aryl hydrazines with catalytic iodine in open air. The aryl radicals were quenched by diversely substituted 1,4-napthoquinones present in the reaction mixture to afford diversely substituted 2,3-napthoquinones in moderate to excellent yield. Control experiments provided insights into the putative reaction mechanism.
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5
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Tsanakopoulou M, Tsovaltzi E, Tzani MA, Selevos P, Malamidou-Xenikaki E, Bakalbassis EG, Domingo LR. Site-selectivity control in hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of methylidene derivatives of lawsone through modification of the reactive carbonyl group: an experimental and theoretical study. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:692-702. [PMID: 30601509 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new perspective on the reactivity of hydroxyquinones was revealed as an acetal derivative of lawsone was synthesized, isolated, and used in tandem Knoevenagel/hetero-Diels-Alder reactions catalyzed by S-proline. The intermediate alkylidene-1,3-diones that were formed in situ reacted with electron rich alkenes to predominantly afford pyrano-1,2-naphthoquinone (β-lapachone) derivatives along with the isomeric pyrano-1,4-naphthoquinone (α-lapachone) derivatives in high to excellent total yields. Interestingly, the highly reactive arylidene-1,3-dione derivatives were found to be stable and isolable. DFT calculations suggest that these hetero-Diels-Alder reactions have a high polar character, taking place through a two-stage one-step mechanism. An analysis of the conceptual DFT indices allows explaining the remarkable site-selectivity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsanakopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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6
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Hyatt IFD, Dave L, David N, Kaur K, Medard M, Mowdawalla C. Hypervalent iodine reactions utilized in carbon–carbon bond formations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7822-7848. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01267b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review covers recent developments of hypervalent iodine chemistry in dearomatizations, radicals, hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution, arylations, photoredox, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loma Dave
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Navindra David
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Marly Medard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Cyrus Mowdawalla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
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7
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El-Hout SI, Suzuki H, El-Sheikh SM, Hassan HMA, Harraz FA, Ibrahim IA, El-Sharkawy EA, Tsujimura S, Holzinger M, Nishina Y. Tuning the redox potential of vitamin K 3 derivatives by oxidative functionalization using a Ag(i)/GO catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8890-8893. [PMID: 28740985 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03910g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose herein initial results to develop optimum redox mediators by the combination of computational simulation and catalytic functionalization of the core structure of vitamin K3. We aim to correlate the calculated energy value of the LUMO of different vitamin K3 derivatives with their actual redox potential. For this, we optimized the catalytic alkylation of 1,4-naphthoquinones with a designed Ag(i)/GO catalyst and synthesized a series of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I El-Hout
- Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology Division, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Remeur C, Matsui JK, Molander GA. Late-Stage C-H Alkylation of Heterocycles and 1,4-Quinones via Oxidative Homolysis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12251-12258. [PMID: 28832137 PMCID: PMC5599171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) undergo a homolytic cleavage, forming exclusively a Csp3-centered radical that can engage in the C-H alkylation of heterocyclic bases and 1,4-quinones. DHPs are readily prepared from aldehydes, and considering that aldehydes normally require harsh reaction conditions to take part in such transformations, with mixtures of alkylated and acylated products often being obtained, this net decarbonylative alkylation approach becomes particularly useful. The present method takes place under mild reaction conditions and requires only persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant, making the procedure suitable for the late-stage C-H alkylation of complex molecules. Notably, structurally complex pharmaceutical agents could be functionalized or prepared with this protocol, such as the antimalarial Atovaquone and antitheilerial Parvaquone, thus evidencing its applicability. Mechanistic studies revealed a likely radical chain process via the formation of a dearomatized intermediate, providing a deeper understanding of the factors governing the reactivity of these radical forebears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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9
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BF 3 ·OEt 2 -mediated [1,2]-aryl shift: Synthesis of functionalized α-arylnitriles via the bromination/cyanation/deformylation of substituted deoxybenzoin. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hamama WS, Hassanien AEDE, Zoorob HH. Advanced Routes in Synthesis and Reactions of Lawsone Molecules (2-Hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione). J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din E. Hassanien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
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Louvis ADR, Silva NAA, Semaan FS, da Silva FDC, Saramago G, de Souza LCSV, Ferreira BLA, Castro HC, Salles JP, Souza ALA, Faria RX, Ferreira VF, Martins DDL. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of 3-aryl-1,4-naphthoquinones – green palladium-catalysed Suzuki cross coupling. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal and trypanocidal aryl-1,4-naphthoquinones were prepared through an aqueous Suzuki protocol with reflux or microwave irradiation.
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12
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Malamidou-Xenikaki E, Tsanakopoulou M, Chatzistefanou M, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Styryl and functionalized aryl derivatives of lawsone through metal-free cross-coupling of its BF3-activated phenyliodonium ylide with cinnamaldehydes and arylaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Lawsone has been used as the starting material for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active compounds and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro K. Jordão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Institute of Chemistry
- Niterói
- Brazil
- Unidade Universitária de Farmácia
| | - Maria D. Vargas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Institute of Chemistry
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - Angelo C. Pinto
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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14
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Patil P, Nimonkar A, Akamanchi KG. Aryl-Free Radical-Mediated Oxidative Arylation of Naphthoquinones Using o-Iodoxybenzoic Acid and Phenylhydrazines and Its Application toward the Synthesis of Benzocarbazoledione. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2331-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Abhay Nimonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Krishnacharya G. Akamanchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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15
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Tu XC, Yu Y, Tu MS, Jiang B, Li C, Tu SJ. A New Iodonium Ylide-Based Three-Component Reaction Leading to 2-Spirosubstituted Dihydrofurans under Microwave Irradiation. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chao Tu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Su Tu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
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Lu X, Altharawi A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Long TE. 1,4-naphthoquinone cations as antiplasmodial agents: hydroxy-, acyloxy-, and alkoxy-substituted analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:1029-33. [PMID: 24936235 DOI: 10.1021/ml300242v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cations of hydroxy-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and evaluated as antiplasmodial agents against Plasmodium falciparum. The atovaquone analogues were found to be inactive as antagonists of parasite growth, which was attributed to ionization of the acidic hydroxyl moiety. Upon modification to an alkoxy substituent, the antiplasmodial activity was restored in the sub-100 nM range. Optimal inhibitors were found to possess IC50 values of 17.4-49.5 nM against heteroresistant P. falciparum W2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San
Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143,
United States
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San
Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143,
United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for
Drug Discovery, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
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