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Chauhan J, Sharma P, Shetty D, Kumar P, Jain S, Suroliya V, Garg P. Association of genetic polymorphism of interleukin 1-alpha and interleukin 1-beta with external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100869. [PMID: 38513309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the allele rs 1143634 in IL-1β and rs1800587 in IL-1α in patients for orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Intra-oral periapical radiograph (IOPA) of maxillary incisors of 142 Patients were evaluated for resorption at two time points; before the start of fixed mechanotherapy (T1) and after one year of treatment (T2). The individuals with root resorption<2mm were categorized as a control group (group 1; n=90), and resorption>2mm were categorized as case group (group 2; n=52). Buccal swabs of all patients were taken and DNA could be isolated in 95 out of 142 samples (group 1 {n=58}, group 2 {n=37}), which were then screened for the selected two polymorphic targets to determine the nucleotide status of these targets. Tetra-primer ARMS PCR reactions were carried out using all 4 primers for each polymorphism. RESULTS rs11800587 was not associated with risk of EARR in any inheritance model. Chi-square test for association of alleles with EARR revealed that rs1143634 was associated with the risk of EARR in an allelic model in such a way that A allele of this SNP increased the risk of EARR 4 folds [OR=4.375; P=0.016]. However, the adjusted level of significance using the Holm-Bonferroni method for rs1143634 was P<0.010 for A and G comparison rendering the results non-significant. CONCLUSION SNP rs1143634 and SNP rs11800587 were not associated with risk of EARR in any inheritance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, I.T.S Centre for Dental studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Payal Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, I.T.S Centre for Dental studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Devicharan Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, I.T.S Centre for Dental studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Piush Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, I.T.S Centre for Dental studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shubhangi Jain
- Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, I.T.S Centre for Dental studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India.
| | | | - Prince Garg
- Genome sequencing Lab, ILBS Hospital, New Delhi, India
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2
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Sonavane SM, Prashantha G, Nikam PD, A V R M, Chauhan J, S S, Bavirisetti DP. Optimizing QoS and security in agriculture IoT deployments: A bioinspired Q-learning model with customized shards. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24224. [PMID: 38293533 PMCID: PMC10826176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Agriculture Internet of Things (AIoTs) deployments require design of high-efficiency Quality of Service (QoS) & security models that can provide stable network performance even under large-scale communication requests. Existing security models that use blockchains are either highly complex or require large delays & have higher energy consumption for larger networks. Moreover, the efficiency of these models depends directly on consensus-efficiency & miner-efficiency, which restricts their scalability under real-time scenarios. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes the design of an efficient Q-Learning bioinspired model for enhancing QoS of AIoT deployments via customized shards. The model initially collects temporal information about the deployed AIoT Nodes, and continuously updates individual recurring trust metrics. These trust metrics are used by a Q-Learning process for identification of miners that can participate in the block-addition process. The blocks are added via a novel Proof-of-Performance (PoP) based consensus model, which uses a dynamic consensus function that is based on temporal performance of miner nodes. The PoP consensus is facilitated via customized shards, wherein each shard is deployed based on its context of deployment, that decides the shard-length, hashing model used for the shard, and encryption technique used by these shards. This is facilitated by a Mayfly Optimization (MO) Model that uses PoP scores for selecting shard configurations. These shards are further segregated into smaller shards via a Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) Model, which assists in identification of optimal shard length for underlying deployment contexts. Due to these optimizations, the model is able to improve the speed of mining by 4.5%, while reducing energy needed for mining by 10.4%, improving the throughput during AIoT communications by 8.3%, and improving the packet delivery consistency by 2.5% when compared with existing blockchain-based AIoT deployment models under similar scenarios. This performance was observed to be consistent even under large-scale attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayuri A V R
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sountharrajan S
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Chennai, India
| | - Durga Prasad Bavirisetti
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Klug DM, Tse EG, Silva DG, Cao Y, Charman SA, Chauhan J, Crighton E, Dichiara M, Drake C, Drewry D, da Silva Emery F, Ferrins L, Graves L, Hopkins E, Kresina TAC, Lorente-Macías Á, Perry B, Phipps R, Quiroga B, Quotadamo A, Sabatino GN, Sama A, Schätzlein A, Simpson QJ, Steele J, Shanu-Wilson J, Sjö P, Stapleton P, Swain CJ, Vaideanu A, Xie H, Zuercher W, Todd MH. Open Source Antibiotics: Simple Diarylimidazoles Are Potent against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2423-2435. [PMID: 37991879 PMCID: PMC10714399 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as one of the most serious public health threats facing the world, yet the private sector finds it challenging to generate much-needed medicines. As an alternative discovery approach, a small array of diarylimidazoles was screened against the ESKAPE pathogens, and the results were made publicly available through the Open Source Antibiotics (OSA) consortium (https://github.com/opensourceantibiotics). Of the 18 compounds tested (at 32 μg/mL), 15 showed >90% growth inhibition activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) alone. In the subsequent hit-to-lead optimization of this chemotype, 147 new heterocyclic compounds containing the diarylimidazole and other core motifs were synthesized and tested against MRSA, and their structure-activity relationships were identified. While potent, these compounds have moderate to high intrinsic clearance and some associated toxicity. The best overall balance of parameters was found with OSA_975, a compound with good potency, good solubility, and reduced intrinsic clearance in rat hepatocytes. We have progressed toward the knowledge of the molecular target of these phenotypically active compounds, with proteomic techniques suggesting TGFBR1 is potentially involved in the mechanism of action. Further development of these compounds toward antimicrobial medicines is available to anyone under the licensing terms of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Klug
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin G. Tse
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Silva
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Yafeng Cao
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elly Crighton
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris Drake
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - David Drewry
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lee Graves
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily Hopkins
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. C. Kresina
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit
of ‘‘Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment’’,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- A. L-M.
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Phipps
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Quiroga
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Antonio Quotadamo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Clinical
and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada N. Sabatino
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Sama
- Citizen
scientist, New York, New York 11570, United States
| | - Andreas Schätzlein
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Quillon J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stapleton
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Swain
- Cambridge
MedChem Consulting, 8
Mangers Lane, Duxford, Cambridge CB22 4RN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Vaideanu
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Huanxu Xie
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - William Zuercher
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University College
London, 29-39 Brunswick
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Urbaniak A, Bathula C, Chauhan J, Rai P, Thammathong J, Clark C, Heflin B, De Loose A, Avaritt N, Rodriguez A, Tackett AJ, Sen S, Banerjee S. Synthesis and Anti-Melanoma Activity of Acryloyl Pyridinone Analogues. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301550. [PMID: 37994208 PMCID: PMC10984326 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for clinical management of melanoma is the prevention and treatment of metastatic disease. Drug discovery efforts over the last 10 years have resulted in several drugs that improve the prognosis of metastatic melanoma; however, most patients develop early resistance to these treatments. We designed and synthesized, through a concise synthetic strategy, a series of hybrid olefin-pyridinone compounds that consist of structural motifs from tamoxifen and ilicicolin H. These compounds were tested against a human melanoma cell line and patient-derived melanoma cells that had metastasized to the brain. Three compounds 7 b, 7 c, and 7 g demonstrated promising activity (IC50=0.4-4.3 μM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 7 b and 7 c induce cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G1 phase. Both 7 b and 7c significantly inhibited migration of A375 melanoma cells; greater effects were demonstrated by 7 b. Molecular modelling analysis provides insight into a plausible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Prateek Rai
- Molecular Biosciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Joshua Thammathong
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Clark
- Molecular Biosciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Billie Heflin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nathan Avaritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- Molecular Biosciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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5
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Perić Z, Basak G, Koenecke C, Moiseev I, Chauhan J, Asaithambi S, Sagkriotis A, Gunes S, Penack O. Understanding the Needs and Lived Experiences of Patients With Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Real-World European Public Social Media Listening Study. JMIR Cancer 2023; 9:e42905. [PMID: 37948101 PMCID: PMC10674148 DOI: 10.2196/42905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the major cause of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Treatment options beyond corticosteroid therapy remain limited, and prolonged treatment often leads to impaired quality of life (QoL). A better understanding of the needs and experiences of patients with GVHD is required to improve patient care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore different social media (SM) channels for gathering and analyzing the needs and experiences of patients and other stakeholders across 14 European countries. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of SM data from the public domain. The Talkwalker social analytics tool collected data from open-access forums, blogs, and various social networking sites using predefined search strings. The raw data set derived from the aggregator tool was automatically screened for the relevancy of posts, generating the curated data set that was manually reviewed to identify posts that fell within the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This final data set was then used for the deep-dive analysis. RESULTS A total of 9016 posts relating to GVHD were identified between April 2019 and April 2021. Deduplication and relevancy checks resulted in 325 insightful posts, with Twitter contributing 250 (77%) posts; blogs, 49 (15%) posts; forums, 13 (4%) posts; Facebook, 7 (2%) posts; and Instagram and YouTube, 4 (1%) posts. Patients with GVHD were the primary stakeholders, contributing 63% of all SM posts. In 234 posts, treatment was the most discussed stage of the patient journey (68%), followed by symptoms (33%), and diagnosis and tests (21%). Among treatment-related posts (n=159), steroid therapy was most frequently reported (54/159, 34%). Posts relating to treatment features (n=110) identified efficacy (45/110, 41%), side effects (38/110, 35%), and frequency and dosage (32/110, 29%), as the most frequently discussed features. Symptoms associated with GVHD were described in 24% (77/325) of posts, including skin-related conditions (49/77, 64%), dry eyes or vision change (13/77, 17%), pain and cramps (16/77, 21%), and fatigue or muscle weakness (12/77, 16%). The impacts of GVHD on QoL were discussed in 51% (165/325) of all posts, with the emotional, physical and functional, social, and financial impacts mentioned in 69% (114/165), 50% (82/165), 5% (8/165), and 2% (3/165) of these posts, respectively. Unmet needs were reported by patients or caregivers in 24% (77/325) of analyzed conversations, with treatment-related side effects being the most common (35/77, 45%) among these posts. CONCLUSIONS SM listening is a useful tool to identify medical needs. Treatment of GVHD, including treatment-related side effects, as well as its emotional and physical impact on QoL, are the major topics that GVHD stakeholders mention on SM. We encourage a structured discussion of these topics in interactions between health care providers and patients with GVHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida Perić
- School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grzegorz Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ivan Moiseev
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Alexandros Sagkriotis
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Gilead Sciences Europe Ltd, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sibel Gunes
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Drabble J, Wai P, Chauhan J, Chinherende E, Maungwe P, Murray D, Harford-Wright H. Standardization of Stereotactic MR-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy Planning for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e379-e380. [PMID: 37785284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To assess the impact of a standardized planning class solution (PCS) in stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) for prostate cancer on efficiency and robustness for daily adaptive radiation therapy treatments. MATERIALS/METHODS Data collection of 20 previous SMART prostate plans: number of objective structures, number of beam segments, treatment delivery time (TDT) and the plan adaption robustness (PAR). The PAR was scored from 1 to 3 for the robustness of the plan to re-adapt and achieve similar dose metric scores to the baseline plan on all fractions. These scores were, 1: a single re-optimization required, 2: cost-function adjustments required and 3: medical physics advice required. Five medical dosimetrists provided preferences for objective structures and the optimization thresholds used. A PCS was created based on this data and implemented into SMART prostate plans between October 2022 and December 2022. A consecutive sample of 20 patients (PCSpost) were then retrospectively compared with the previous 20 patients prior to the PCS (PCSpre). RESULTS The PCS showed minimal difference in the TDT and segment number mean ± (standard deviation), 9.5 ± (0.7) mins and 77.8 ± (6.9) segments PCSpost respectively compared to 9.5 ± (0.8) mins and 80.8 ± (5.9) segments PCSpre. However, the PCS resulted in a considerable reduction in PAR, with 11 patients requiring only a single re-optimization for each fraction to achieve dose metric targets compared to 7 PCSpre patients. Also, the median PAR score was 1 in PCSpost compared to a score of 2 with PCSpre. The PCS had good compliance with the criteria met in 18/20 patient baseline plans. Feedback surveys showed positive results for efficiency saving from multiple disciplines; in therapeutic radiographers from reduced PAR, medical physicists increased automation in plan checking and consistent planning guidelines for medical dosimetrists. CONCLUSION The PCS is in clinical use, results have shown improved treatment adaption efficiency and robustness. Fewer re-optimizations per treatment were required onset to achieve similar dose metrics than before its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Wai
- GenesisCare, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - D Murray
- GenesisCare, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, Sharma G, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH. Superficial Dermatophytosis across the World's Populations: Potential Benefits from Nanocarrier-Based Therapies and Rising Challenges. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31575-31599. [PMID: 37692246 PMCID: PMC10483660 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent infection in the world is dermatophytosis, which is a major issue with high recurrence and can affect the entire body including the skin, hair, and nails. The major goal of this Review is to acquire knowledge about cutting-edge approaches for treating dermatophytosis efficiently by adding antifungals to formulations based on nanocarriers in order to overcome the shortcomings of standard treatment methods. Updates on nanosystems and research developments on animal and clinical investigations are also presented. Along with the currently licensed formulations, the investigation also emphasizes novel therapies and existing therapeutic alternatives that can be used to control dermatophytosis. The Review also summarizes recent developments on the prevalence, management approaches, and disadvantages of standard dosage types. There are a number of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dermatophytosis that have good clinical cure rates but also drawbacks such as antifungal drug resistance and unfavorable side effects. To improve therapeutic activity and get around the drawbacks of the traditional therapy approaches for dermatophytosis, efforts have been described in recent years to combine several antifungal drugs into new carriers. These formulations have been successful in providing improved antifungal activity, longer drug retention, improved effectiveness, higher skin penetration, and sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Keshwania
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Kumar H, Kaur N, Kumar N, Chauhan J, Bala R, Chauhan S. Achieving pre-eminence of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli causing septicemia in intensive care units: A single center study of a tertiary care hospital. Germs 2023; 13:108-120. [PMID: 38144242 PMCID: PMC10746340 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly trend of antibiotic resistance in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing septicemia in intensive care units. Methods Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units and processed for isolation and identification of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. The isolated bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per standard operating procedures. Results Out of 3632 blood samples, 977 (26.9%) samples showed microbial growth, of which 10.1% were Gram positive cocci, 8.7% were Gram negative bacilli (Enterobacterales), 7% were NFGNB and 1% were Candida spp. Increasing resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii complex was observed to ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were found to be associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime and meropenem. A substantial increase in resistance levels was observed among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Sphingomonas paucimobilis as well. Conclusions An increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in NFGNB envisages the worst consequences in ICUs in the coming years. Therefore, reviewing and strict implementation of the antimicrobial policies including 'rational use of antibiotics' is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harit Kumar
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Microbiology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra 412115, India and Microbiology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Rosy Bala
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Shubham Chauhan
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Chauhan J, Cecon E, Labani N, Gbahou F, Real F, Bomsel M, Dubey KD, Das R, Dam J, Jockers R, Sen S. Development of indolealkylamine derivatives as potential multi-target agents for COVID-19 treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115152. [PMID: 36724633 PMCID: PMC9882955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a complex disease with short-term and long-term respiratory, inflammatory and neurological symptoms that are triggered by the infection with SARS-CoV-2. As many drugs targeting single targets showed only limited effectiveness against COVID-19, here, we aimed to explore a multi-target strategy. We synthesized a focused compound library based on C2-substituted indolealkylamines (tryptamines and 5-hydroxytryptamines) with activity for three potential COVID-19-related proteins, namely melatonin receptors, calmodulin and human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Two molecules from the library, 5e and h, exhibit affinities in the high nanomolar range for melatonin receptors, inhibit the calmodulin-dependent calmodulin kinase II activity and the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with hACE2 at micromolar concentrations. Both compounds inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and 5h decreases SARS-CoV-2 replication and MPro enzyme activity in addition. In conclusion, we provide a proof-of-concept for the successful design of multi-target compounds based on the tryptamine scaffold. Optimization of these preliminary hit compounds could potentially provide drug candidates to treat COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Erika Cecon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Nedjma Labani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Fernando Real
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Julie Dam
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France.
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India.
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Dhiman R, Sharma N, Chauhan J. Klebsiella keratitis presenting as a ring infiltrate in an adolescent girl. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:84-87. [DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-22-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Mazza M, Piperis M, Aasaithambi S, Chauhan J, Sagkriotis A, Vieira C. Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Individuals in Europe With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:863641. [PMID: 35719996 PMCID: PMC9205394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.863641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite a wealth of real-world data on metastatic breast cancer (mBC), insights into the lived experience are lacking. This study aimed to explore how the lived experience of mBC is described on social media. Methods A predefined search string identified posts relevant to the lived experience of mBC from Twitter, patient forums, and blogs across 14 European countries. The final data set was analyzed using content analysis. Results A total of 76,456 conversations were identified between November 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020. Twitter was the most commonly used social media platform across all 76,456 conversations from the raw data set (n = 61,165; 80%). Automated and manual relevancy checks followed by a final random sampling filter identified 820 conversations for content analysis. The majority of data from the raw data set was generated from the United Kingdom (n = 31,346; 41%). From this final data set, 61% of posts were authored by patients, 15% by friends and/or family members of patients, and 14% by caregivers. A total of 686 conversations described the patient journey (n = 686/820; 84%); 64% of these (n = 439) concerned breast cancer treatment, with approximately 40% of discussions regarding diagnosis and tests (n = 274/686) and less than 20% of discussions surrounding disease management (n = 123/686; 18%). Key themes relating to a lack of effective treatment, prolonged survival and associated quality of life, debilitating consequences of side effects, and the social impacts of living with mBC were identified. Conclusions The findings from this study provided an insight into the lived experience of mBC. While retrospective data collection inherently limits the amount of demographic or clinical information that can be obtained from the population sample, social media listening studies offer training to healthcare professionals in communication, the importance of quality of life, organization of healthcare, and even the design of clinical trials. As new targeted therapies are gradually incorporated into clinical practice, innovative technologies, such as social media listening, have the potential to support regulatory procedures and drug toxicity monitoring, as well as provide the patient voice in the regulation of new and existing medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuelita Mazza
- Divison of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Piperis
- CyberKnife and TomoTherapy Department, Iatropolis Medical Group of Companies, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Insights and Analytics, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Vieira
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO-PORTO), Porto, Portugal
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Chauhan J, Srivastava JP, Singhal RK, Soufan W, Dadarwal BK, Mishra UN, Anuragi H, Rahman MA, Sakran MI, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Skalicky M, Sabagh AEL. Alterations of Oxidative Stress Indicators, Antioxidant Enzymes, Soluble Sugars, and Amino Acids in Mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.] in Response to Varying Sowing Time, and Field Temperature. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:875009. [PMID: 35592568 PMCID: PMC9111527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The impact of elevated temperature at the reproductive stage of a crop is one of the critical limitations that influence crop growth and productivity globally. This study was aimed to reveal how sowing time and changing field temperature influence on the regulation of oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzymes activity, soluble sugars (SS), and amino acids (AA) in Indian Mustard. The current study was carried out during the rabi 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 where, five varieties of mustard viz. Pusa Mustard 25 (PM-25) (V1), PM-26 (V2), BPR-541-4 (V3), RH-406 (V4), and Urvashi (V5) were grown under the field conditions on October 30 (normal sowing; S1), November 18 (late sowing; S2) and November 30 (very late sowing; S3) situations. The S1 and S3 plants, at mid-flowering stage, showed a significant variation in accumulation of SS (8.5 and 17.3%), free AA (235.4 and 224.6%), and proline content (118.1 and 133%), respectively, and played a crucial role in the osmotic adjustment under stress. The results showed that S3 sowing, exhibited a significant induction of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (110.2 and 86.6%) and malondialdehyde (23.5 and 47.5%) concentrations, respectively, which indicated the sign of oxidative stress in plants. Interestingly, the polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activities were also significantly increased in S3 plants compared to S1 plants, indicating their significant roles in ameliorating the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the concentration of fatty acid levels such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids level also significantly increased in S3 plants, which influenced the seed and oil quality. The study suggests that the late sowing significantly impaired the biochemical mechanisms in Indian mustard. Further, the mustard variety V4 (RH-406) was found to be effective for cultivation as well as environmental stress adoption in Indian soils, and it could be highly useful in breeding for developing heat-tolerant genotypes for ensuring the food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - J. P. Srivastava
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Walid Soufan
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basant Kumar Dadarwal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Hirdayesh Anuragi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mohamed I. Sakran
- Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marian Brestic
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Rodrigues A, Chauhan J, Sagkriotis A, Aasaithambi S, Montrone M. Understanding the lived experience of lung cancer: a European social media listening study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:475. [PMID: 35490223 PMCID: PMC9055221 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media platforms are increasingly being used by stakeholders to generate, access, and share health-related information and experiences. Lung cancer is the most common cancer, impacting > 2 million patients globally. This observational study utilized a social listening approach to analyze social media trends and gain insights into stakeholder perceptions of lung cancer. Methods This social media study retrospectively collated data from open access blogs, forums, and social networking sites. Social media posts were collected between June 2019–May 2020 from 14 European countries. Using social media aggregator tools, posts comprising lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer-specific terms were extracted. Manual and automated relevancy algorithms filtered the extracted information to provide the relevant dataset. This contextualized dataset was further mined to generate the final data for analysis. Results Of 1360 conversations analyzed, 42% were generated by patients/caregivers and 14% by healthcare professionals (HCPs). A majority of patients were 51–70 years old (approximately 50%) and 91% (n = 500/550) had late-stage cancer. Treatment (35%) and disease awareness (30%) were among the most discussed topic of the patient journey. Although the overall treatment sentiment was neutral, chemotherapy was the treatment type with the highest associated negative sentiment (28%); fewer negative sentiments were associated with immunotherapy (9%) and targeted therapy (2%), due to perceptions of longer survival outcomes and fewer side effects. In conversations that discussed clinical endpoints, “survivability” and “overall survival” (47 and 30%, respectively; n = 539) were most frequently mentioned by stakeholders. HCPs mostly used technical terms, whereas patients and caregivers used colloquial terms such as “getting rid of cancer”. Emotional wellness was identified to have a huge impact on quality of life in lung cancer. Delay or treatment cancellations due to COVID-19, lack of effective treatments and funding, and lack of empathy by physicians emerged as the key unmet needs among patients/caregivers. Conclusions Social listening proved to be an effective tool to explore stakeholders’ perceptions and their key unmet needs, typically not available in published literature or databases, and provides HCPs with valuable insights into the distress, doubts, and needs of lung cancer patients and caregivers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09505-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, EPE, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd (H.A.), Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Michele Montrone
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Tubau-Juni N, Fitch S, Alva S, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. LABP-73: A Novel NLRX1 Ligand for the Treatment of Chronic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- Centre for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Parthapratim Munshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Chauhan J, Mishra G, Bhakri S. Perceived Career Success and Career Advancement of Women. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijhcitp.293231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ever since there have been a lot of challenges that a woman has to go through to make her career a success. The study focuses on the challenges that women face as a resultant of organizational and family barriers. The current study aims to test whether mentoring, Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and Family Responsibilities (FR) have an impact on Perceived Career Success (PCS) and career advancement of women working in the Indian IT industry. 307 respondents have been analyzed and the reliability and validity of constructs have been checked using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). For hypotheses testing, path analysis has been employed. Results reveal that mentoring, POS and FR significantly impact PCS and career advancement of women working in the Indian IT industry. The results offer insights for organizations to implement leadership strategies and activities to promote gender equality.
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Ehrich M, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. Exploratory studies with NX-13: oral toxicity and pharmacokinetics in rodents of an orally active, gut-restricted first-in-class therapeutic for IBD that targets NLRX1. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:209-214. [PMID: 31650868 PMCID: PMC7182494 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1679828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat containing X1 (NLRX1) is an emerging therapeutic target for a spectrum of human diseases. NX-13 is a small molecule therapeutic designed to target and activate NLRX1 to induce immunometabolic changes resulting in lower inflammation and therapeutic responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigates the safety of NX-13 in a seven-day, repeat-dose general toxicity study in male and female Sprague Dawley rats at oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Weights, clinical signs, functional observational battery, clinical pathology and histopathology were used for evaluation. Daily oral dosing of NX-13 up to 1000 mg/kg did not result in any changes in weight, abnormal clinical signs or behavior. No significant differences were observed between treated and control rats in hematology or blood biochemistry. Histopathological evaluation of 12 tissues demonstrated no differences between controls and treated rats. There were no changes in weights of brain, heart, kidney, liver or spleen. Pharmacokinetic analysis of a single oral dose of NX-13 at 10 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats provided a maximum plasma concentration of 57 ng/mL at 0.5 h post-dose. Analysis of colon tissue after oral dosing with 1 and 10 mg/kg indicated high peak concentrations (10 and 100 µg/g, respectively) that scale in a dose-proportional manner. These experiments suggest that NX-13 is safe and well-tolerated in rats given oral doses as high as 1000 mg/kg with a favorable gastrointestinal localized pharmacokinetic profile, confirming NX-13 as a promising therapeutic for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leber
- Landos Biopharma Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060,BioTherapeutics Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Landos Biopharma Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060,BioTherapeutics Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | | | - Marion Ehrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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Kaur N, Chauhan S, Saini A, Chauhan J, Kumar H. Assessment of colistin resistance in Gram negative bacteria from clinical samples in resource-limited settings. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.351764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Joshi R, Medhi B, Prakash A, Chandy S, Ranjalkar J, Bright HR, Basker J, Govindraj L, Chugh PK, Tripathi CD, Badyal DK, Balakrishnan S, Jhaj R, Shukla AK, Atal S, Najmi A, Banerjee A, Kamat S, Tripathi RK, Shetty YC, Parmar U, Rege N, Dikshit H, Mishra H, Roy SS, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Bhattacharya M, Das D, Trivedi N, Shah P, Chauhan J, Desai C, Gandhi AM, Patel PP, Shah S, Sheth S, Raveendran R, Mathaiyan J, Manikandan S, Jeevitha G, Gupta P, Sarangi SC, Yadav HN, Singh S, Kaushal S, Arora S, Gupta K, Jain S, Cherian JJ, Chatterjee NS, Kaul R, Kshirsagar NA. Assessment of prescribing pattern of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per the World Health Organization prescribing indicators in various Indian tertiary care centers: A multicentric study by Rational Use of Medicines Centers-Indian Council of Medical Research network under National Virtual Centre Clinical Pharmacology activity. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:321-328. [PMID: 36537400 PMCID: PMC9846909 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_976_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rational use of medicines as per the World Health Organization (WHO) should be practiced globally. However, data regarding the completeness of the prescriptions and their rational use is lacking from developing countries like India. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per WHO core drug use and complementary indicators to provide real-life examples for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) online prescribing skill course for medical graduates. METHODS Prescriptions of the patients, fulfilling inclusion criteria, attending Outpatient Departments of various specialties of tertiary care hospitals, were collected by thirteen ICMR Rational use of medicines centers located in tertiary care hospitals, throughout India. Prescriptions were evaluated for rational use of medicines according to the WHO guidelines and for appropriateness as per standard treatment guidelines using a common protocol approved by local Ethics committees. RESULTS Among 4838 prescriptions, an average of about three drugs (3.34) was prescribed to the patients per prescription. Polypharmacy was noted in 83.05% of prescriptions. Generic drugs were prescribed in 47.58% of the prescriptions. Further, antimicrobials were prescribed in 17.63% of the prescriptions and only 4.98% of prescriptions were with injectables. During the prescription evaluation, 38.65% of the prescriptions were incomplete due to multiple omissions such as dose, duration, and formulation. CONCLUSION Most of the parameters in the present study were out of the range of WHO-recommended prescribing indicators. Therefore, effective intervention program, like training, for the promotion of rational drug use practice was recommended to improve the prescribing pattern of drugs and the quality of prescriptions all over the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Medhi B, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - A Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Ranjalkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - HR Bright
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Basker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Govindraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PK Chugh
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - CD Tripathi
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - DK Badyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - R Jhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - AK Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Kamat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RK Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - YC Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rege
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Dikshit
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - H Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SS Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - N Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - C Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - AM Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - PP Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - R Raveendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - J Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G Jeevitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SC Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - HN Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaushal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - JJ Cherian
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NS Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kaul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NA Kshirsagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Chauhan J, Aasaithambi S, Márquez-Rodas I, Formisano L, Papa S, Meyer N, Forschner A, Faust G, Lau M, Sagkriotis A. Understanding the Lived Experience of Patients with Melanoma: Real-World Evidence Generated through a European Social Media Listening Analysis (Preprint). JMIR Cancer 2021; 8:e35930. [PMID: 35699985 PMCID: PMC9237767 DOI: 10.2196/35930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignancy that is proposed to account for 90% of skin cancer–related mortality. Individuals with melanoma experience both physical and psychological impacts associated with their diagnosis and treatment. Health-related information is being increasingly accessed and shared by stakeholders on social media platforms. Objective This study aimed to assess how individuals living with melanoma across 14 European countries use social media to discuss their needs and provide their perceptions of the disease. Methods Social media sources including Twitter, forums, and blogs were searched using predefined search strings of keywords relating to melanoma. Manual and automated relevancy approaches filtered the extracted data for content that provided patient-centric insights. This contextualized data was then mined for insightful concepts around the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, impacts, and lived experiences of melanoma. Results A total of 182,400 posts related to melanoma were identified between November 2018 and November 2020. Following exclusion of irrelevant posts and using random sampling methodology, 864 posts were identified as relevant to the study objectives. Of the social media channels included, Twitter was the most commonly used, followed by forums and blogs. Most posts originated from the United Kingdom (n=328, 38%) and Spain (n=138, 16%). Of the relevant posts, 62% (n=536) were categorized as originating from individuals with melanoma. The most frequently discussed melanoma-related topics were treatment (436/792, 55%), diagnosis and tests (261/792, 33%), and remission (190/792, 24%). The majority of treatment discussions were about surgery (292/436, 67%), followed by immunotherapy (52/436, 12%). In total, 255 posts discussed the impacts of melanoma, which included emotional burden (n=179, 70%), physical impacts (n=61, 24%), effects on social life (n=43, 17%), and financial impacts (n=10, 4%). Conclusions Findings from this study highlight how melanoma stakeholders discuss key concepts associated with the condition on social media, adding to the conceptual model of the patient journey. This social media listening approach is a powerful tool for exploring melanoma stakeholder perspectives, providing insights that can be used to corroborate existing data and inform future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Márquez-Rodas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Papa
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Department of Onco-Dermatology, Toulouse Cancer Institute, Toulouse, France
- Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guy Faust
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Lau
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Singhal RK, Chauhan J, Jatav HS, Rajput VD, Singh GS, Bose B. Artificial night light alters ecosystem services provided by biotic components. Biol Futur 2021; 72:169-185. [PMID: 34554476 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global catastrophe of natural biodiversity and ecosystem services are expedited with the growing human population. Repercussions of artificial light at night ALAN are much wider, as it varies from unicellular to higher organism. Subsequently, hastened pollution and over exploitation of natural resources accelerate the expeditious transformation of climatic phenomenon and further cause global biodiversity losses. Moreover, it has a crucial role in global biodiversity and ecosystem services losses via influencing the ecosystem biodiversity by modulating abundance, number and aggregation at every levels as from individual to biome levels. Along with these affects, it disturbs the population, genetics and landscape structures by interfering inter- and intra-species interactions and landscape formation processes. Furthermore, alterations in normal light/dark (diurnal) signalling disrupt the stable physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and modulate the regulating, cultural and provisioning ecosystem services and ultimately disorganize the stable ecosystem structure and functions. Moreover, ALAN reshapes the abiotic component of the ecosystem, and as a key component of global warming via producing greenhouse gases via emitting light. By taking together the above facts, this review highlights the impact of ALAN on the ecosystem and its living and non-living components, emphasizing to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Further, we summarize the means of minimizing strategies of ALAN in the environment, which are very crucial to reduce the further spread of night light contamination in the environment and can be useful to minimize the drastic impacts on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Singhal
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, U.P, 284003, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
| | - Hanuman S Jatav
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan, 303329, India.
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | | | - Gopal S Singh
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bandana Bose
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
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22
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Montrone M, Chauhan J, Sagkriotis A, Aasaithambi S, Rodrigues A. 1343P Understanding patient and caregiver perceptions of quality of life (QoL) impacts in lung cancer through social listening. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Kumar A, Chauhan J, Dubey KD, Sen S, Munshi P. Importance of polymorphism in improving the potency of bioactive molecules. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321088073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Singhal RK, Saha D, Skalicky M, Mishra UN, Chauhan J, Behera LP, Lenka D, Chand S, Kumar V, Dey P, Indu, Pandey S, Vachova P, Gupta A, Brestic M, El Sabagh A. Crucial Cell Signaling Compounds Crosstalk and Integrative Multi-Omics Techniques for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:670369. [PMID: 34484254 PMCID: PMC8414894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the era of rapid climate change, abiotic stresses are the primary cause for yield gap in major agricultural crops. Among them, salinity is considered a calamitous stress due to its global distribution and consequences. Salinity affects plant processes and growth by imposing osmotic stress and destroys ionic and redox signaling. It also affects phytohormone homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and eventually imbalances metabolic activity. In this situation, signaling compound crosstalk such as gasotransmitters [nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and plant growth regulators (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) have a decisive role in regulating plant stress signaling and administer unfavorable circumstances including salinity stress. Moreover, recent significant progress in omics techniques (transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have helped to reinforce the deep understanding of molecular insight in multiple stress tolerance. Currently, there is very little information on gasotransmitters and plant growth regulator crosstalk and inadequacy of information regarding the integration of multi-omics technology during salinity stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the crucial cell signaling crosstalk mechanisms and integrative multi-omics techniques to provide a more direct approach for salinity stress tolerance. To address the above-mentioned words, this review covers the common mechanisms of signaling compounds and role of different signaling crosstalk under salinity stress tolerance. Thereafter, we mention the integration of different omics technology and compile recent information with respect to salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debanjana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Udit N. Mishra
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, India
| | - Laxmi P. Behera
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Devidutta Lenka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prajjal Dey
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India
| | - Indu
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pavla Vachova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aayushi Gupta
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Chauhan J, Maddi SR, Dubey KD, Sen S. Developing C2-Aroyl Indoles as Novel Inhibitors of IDO1 and Understanding Their Mechanism of Inhibition via Mass Spectroscopy, QM/MM Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Front Chem 2021; 9:691319. [PMID: 34336787 PMCID: PMC8319603 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan dioxygenases are two heme based metalloenzymes that catalyze the tryptophan oxidation reaction by inserting molecular dioxygen to cleave the pyrrole ring. The mechanism of such ring cleavage reaction is of carcinogenic importance as the malignant tumors recruit this mechanism for immune invasion. In the presence study, we have synthesized a Novel C2 aroyl indoles inhibitor, 8d, which shows significant inhibition of 180 nM at IC50 scale. The binding and conformational changes that transpire after inhibitor binding were thoroughly studied by molecular docking and MD simulations. The subsequent QM/MM (Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical) calculations were used to proposed the mechanism of inhibition. The QM/MM calculations show that the reaction proceeds via multistep processes where the dioxygen insertion to the substrate 8a is the rate determining process. Theoretical mechanism is further supported by mass spectroscopy, and drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics study (DMPK) and metabolic stability of compound 8d was investigated in rat and human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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26
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Secord AA, Gupta S, Reddick C, Chauhan J, Gill S, Schorge JO, Gold M, Tewari D, Breed CA, Braly PS, Kuo DYS, Modesitt SC, Holloway RW. FLORA-5: Front-line chemoimmunotherapy (Paclitaxel-Carboplatin-Oregovomab [PCO] versus chemotherapy (Paclitaxel-Carboplatin-Placebo [PCP]) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)—Phase III double-blind placebo controlled multinational study. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.tps5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS5606 Background: Oregovomab binds tumor-associated CA125 rendering the target antigen CA125 more immunogenic or “neoantigen-like” through altered and enhanced antigen processing and presentation to specific T cells. This phenomenon is hypothesized to bypass tumor-associated immune suppression when administered in combination with chemotherapy. In a randomized phase II study, immunization with oregovomab in a schedule-dependent combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin induced tumor immunity and demonstrated significant improvement in PFS (median (months) 41.8 PCO vs 12.3 PCP, HR 0.44 p = 0.0027, and OS median N.E. PCO vs 43.2 PCP HR O.34 (p = 0.0077)) in patients with previously untreated EOC. The FLORA-5, the definitive confirmatory global registration trial, is currently recruiting patients in the front-line setting. Methods: The study is a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Optimally debulked patients with FIGO III/IV EOC and serum CA125 > 50 U/ml receiving adjuvant (Cohort 1) or neoadjuvant (Cohort 2) chemotherapy will be randomized post-surgery to paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without oregovomab. Patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations will be excluded. Chemotherapy will be administered every 3 weeks in both cohorts. Oregovomab/placebo is administered simultaneously at cycles 1, 3, and 5 of chemotherapy with a single maintenance dose at 12 weeks following cycle 5 in Cohort 1. Neoadjuvant patients (Cohort 2) will be administered oregovomab/placebo post interval debulking surgery at cycles 4 and 6 with maintenance doses at 6- and 18-weeks following cycle 6. No other post front-line maintenance therapy is permitted. The primary objective is PFS determined by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Cohort 1 will recruit 372 patients with a 90% power to detect a difference with an alpha of 0.025 and a hazard ratio of 0.65 when 252 PFS events have been observed. Cohort 2 will be analyzed separately recruiting 232 patients with a 90% power to detect a difference with an alpha of 0.025 and a hazard ratio of 0.60 when 165 PFS events have been observed. An interim analysis for futility will be performed. Secondary objectives include OS, frequency and severity of adverse events, and quality of life. Exploratory objectives include iRECIST, TFST, TSST, PFS2, and evaluation of potential biomarkers. The study is actively enrolling in the US with 9 patients enrolled at time of submission. Centers in Europe, South America and Asia are expected to begin accruing shortly. Clinical trial information: NCT04498117.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cathy Reddick
- Oncoquest Pharmaceuticals Inc, Miryang-Si, South Korea
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- OncoQuest Pharmaceuticals Inc, Miryang-Si, South Korea
| | - Sarah Gill
- Nancy N. and J.C. Lewis Cancer and Research Pavilion, Savannah, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Yi-Shin Kuo
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Bronx, NY
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Howard SC, Kumar A, Grover H, Patil V, Agrawal A, Tyagi A, Mohapatra S, Azam H, Raju KS, Sauban M, Raman RK, Lunkad N, Mitra U, G P, Mundkur N, Gupta N, Chauhan J, Khandelwal S, Kapoor S, Castro M. Cellworks Omics Biology Model (CBM) to predict therapy response and identify biomarkers for all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) benefit as addition to induction chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7027 Background: ATRA combined with arsenic trioxide revolutionized the treatment of APL. Based on promising in vitro data, several clinical trials evaluated ATRA combinations in non-APL AML, in which some patients seemed to benefit from the addition. Thus, predicting response a priori is imperative to determine the optimal treatment for each patient. The CBM was used to evaluate the impact of initial therapy with ATRA combined with cytarabine, etoposide, idarubicin (ATRA-CEI) to assess the biomarkers responsible for response in adults with AML. Methods: AML patients participating in clinical trial NCT00151242 had their leukemia sequenced as part of the trial, and genomic profiles were used for computational modeling by the CBM, which uses curated data about genomic aberrations from PubMed as input to generate disease-specific protein network maps and predict drug responses. Disease biomarkers unique to each patient were identified using biosimulation. Digital drug simulations were conducted by measuring the effect of ATRA-CEI on a composite cell growth score of cell proliferation, apoptosis and other hallmarks of cancer. ATRA-CEI was mapped to the patient genome along with a mechanism of action and validated based on the genomic profile and its biological consequences. Results: Of 171 patients treated with ATRA-CEI, 107 (63%) responded (R) and 64 did not (NR). A subset of 18 patients with favorable genomic features were found to be NR and their non-response was correctly predicted by CBM in all 18 cases. Mutations of DNMT3A, EZH2, ASXL, FLT-3, and GART amplification emerged as novel biomarkers of ATRA-CEI failure (only 37 of 107 responders (35%) with these findings, compared to 70 of 107 responders (65%) without these findings (p = 0.0027)). DNMT3A, EZH2, ASXL1 loss of function mutations activate FABP5, a key mechanism of ATRA resistance, and also activate ABCC1 (PgP), which reduces the efficacy of etoposide and idarubicin by upregulating MDR1. In general, monosomy 7 is expected to confer ATRA resistance due to the presence of EZH2 and KMT2E gene deletions. Indeed, 18 of 32 patients with monosomy 7 did not respond. However, the 14 who responded had co-occurrence of deletions involving IGFBP3, PMS2, HUS1, CDK5, XRCC2/4, AKR1B10, and others that overcame ATRA resistance associated with monosomy 7 and were identified by CBM. Use of CBM helps avoid unnecessary use of ATRA in patients unlikely to respond (19% of cases) thus reducing toxicity and cost without changing efficacy, and also identifies those likely to respond, even when they have monosomy 7, where non-response is the norm. Conclusions: ATRA benefits a subset of patients with non-APL AML. CBM predicted response using computational modeling of all genetic alternations, which explains its success versus traditional one-gene-one-drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansu Kumar
- Cellworks Research India, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Anuj Tyagi
- Cellworks Research India, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neha Gupta
- Cellworks Research India, Bangalore, India
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Tubau-Juni N, Leber A, Maturavongsadit P, Chauhan J, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J. PLXDC2 activation by PX-69 ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis through activation of novel immunometabolic mechanisms. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.66.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects up to 1% of the population worldwide characterized by the increased presence of infiltrating immune cells, activation of inflammatory cytokine cascades, oxidative stress, abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and neovascularization at the joint synovium. Plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) is a transmembrane receptor with antioxidant, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties that provide therapeutic activity in animal models of autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis. PLXDC2 activation suppresses glycolytic metabolism, while decreasing cytokine and chemokine secretion and production of superoxide species, in immune cells and FLS. In a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis, oral administration of the lead PLXDC2-binding agonist, PX-69, ameliorates disease severity, resulting in decreased clinical scores and paw size. Similarly, hind ankles presented structure preservation, reduced cartilage damage and decreased immune cell infiltration and number of blood vessels in the PX-69-treated group relative to vehicle. Immunologically, PX-69 treatment resulted in a 2-fold decrease of TNFα-producing cells while upregulating the proportion of IL-10+ myeloid cells and regulatory T cells in draining lymph nodes. In synovial tissue, pharmacological activation of PLXDC2 provided greater than 50% reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL1β, IL6, Cxcl1) and markers of synoviocyte activation (c-myc, c-fos). These results support the role of PLXDC2 signaling in controlling rheumatoid arthritis and validate PLXDC2 as a novel target for the treatment of this disabling inflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Tubau-Juni
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Andrew Leber
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | | | - Jyoti Chauhan
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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Spoerri L, Tonnessen-Murray C, Gunasingh G, Hill D, Beaumont K, Chauhan J, Smith A, Schaider H, Gabrielli B, Weninger W, Goding C, Haass N. 537 Functional melanoma cell heterogeneity is regulated by MITF-dependent cell-matrix interactions. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tubau-Juni N, Leber A, Hontecillas R, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. BT-11 (omilancor), a first-in-class, topical therapeutic for psoriasis, ameliorates disease severity and inflammation through activation of LANCL2 pathway. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.18.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BT-11 (omilancor) is a small molecule therapeutic that activates the LANCL2 pathway in immune and epithelial cells, resulting in regulatory effects at the intersection of immunity and metabolism. LANCL2 modulates the plasticity between Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), favoring the stability and suppressive capacity of Tregs. Given the implication of the LANCL2 pathway in autoimmune disease and the demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of BT-11 in a Phase 2 clinical trial of UC, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of BT-11 in psoriasis. In an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis, pharmacological activation of LANCL2 through topical BT-11 treatment ameliorates disease severity, resulting in over 60% reduction of PASI score. Indeed, BT-11 treatment decreased acanthosis and immune cell infiltration, with no signs of parakeratosis. The loss of LANCL2 in mice resulted in increased hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Local LANCL2 activation by BT-11 resulted in decreased TNF, IL17, IL6 and IL21-producing cells in the spleen. Additionally, LANCL2 activation regulated keratinocyte metabolism and function. Keratinocytes from BT-11-treated mice presented lower metabolic activation, reported as decreased ATP production, mitochondrial respiration and glucose metabolism. In translational studies with human PBMCs, BT-11 modulated the metabolic profile of CD4+ T cells at late state glycolysis, favoring oxidative pathways, and decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα), while upregulating IL-10. These results merit further exploration into the implication of LANCL2 signaling in human psoriasis and leverages the development of BT-11, as a first-in-class, topical therapeutic for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Tubau-Juni
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Andrew Leber
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- 1Landos Biopharma, Inc., 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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Kaur N, Kumar H, Bala R, Garg R, Chauhan J, Chauhan S, Singh U, Singh S. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Carbapenemase Producers in Gram Negative Bacteria causing Blood Stream Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/51550.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Blood Stream Infections (BSI) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients at initial stages are acute infections which might even become life threatening. In developing countries, increasing antimicrobial resistance and emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase has also added an extra burden on physicians. Aim: To study the prevalence of emergence of ESBL and carbapenemase producing Gram Negative Bacteria (GNB) causing BSI in ICU patients. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1537 blood samples which were received in duration of two years from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Haryana, India from various ICUs. A 5-7 mL of blood was aseptically added to BACTEC bottles and bottles after proper labeling were inserted into the machine and incubated upto five days. 0.1 mL of broth from positively flagged bottles was cultured on Blood and MacConkey Agar. These plates were incubated at 37oC for 24 hours and processed as per standard microbiological procedures. Data was entered locally and calculated on the Microsoft Excel database. Results: Among 1537 samples, 263 (17.11%) samples were flagged positive by BACTEC system. On culture out of 263 samples, 51 (19.40%) were Gram Positive Cocci (GPC), 21 (07.98%) were Candida spp. and 191 (72.62%) were GNB. Among 191 Gram negative isolates, Escherichia coli 64 (33.51%) was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella spp. 60 (31.41%). For all gram negative isolates, meropenem was the most sensitive drug followed by imipenem. Tigecycline (81.25%) was the second most effective drug against Acinetobacter baumannii. ESBL detection was done by Combine Disc Test on 124 samples (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.) which showed Klebsiella spp. 25 (20.16%) as the highest ESBL producing organism The rate of carbapenemase producer was 20 (10.45%) among all the gram negative isolates. Conclusion: For BSI in ICU patients, culture and sensitivity along with screening for prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers should be done prior to starting antibiotics.
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Skwarski M, McGowan D, Belcher E, Di Chiara F, Stavroulias D, Prevo R, Macklin P, Chauhan J, O'Reilly D, Green M, Ferencz P, Rodriguez-Berriguete G, Flight H, Qi C, Holmes J, Buffa F, McCole M, Bulte D, Macpherson R, Higgins G. Repurposing Atovaquone as a Tumor Hypoxia Modifier: A Window of Opportunity Study in Patients with Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chauhan J, Ravva MK, Gremaud L, Sen S. Blue LED Mediated Intramolecular C-H Functionalization and Cyclopropanation of Tryptamines: Synthesis of Azepino[4, 5-b]indoles and Natural Product Inspired Polycyclic Indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:4537-4541. [PMID: 32453580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel blue LED mediated intramolecular C-H functionalization of tryptamine derivatives to generate azepino[4, 5-b]indoles (4) in moderate to good yields. By altering the substitution at the tryptamine nitrogen, intramolecular cyclopropanation is achieved in high yields under the same reactions condition to provide natural product inspired polycyclic indoles (6), which are further transformed to spiropiperidino (5 and 8) indoles in decent yields. The mechanism of formation of the compounds was investigated through DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mahesh K Ravva
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP, Neerukonda, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Ludovic Gremaud
- School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Chemical Technology at University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Chauhan J, Dhanze H, Kumar H B C, Kumar MS, Bhilegaonkar KN. Development of dipstick enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for on-site sero-diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis in swine. J Virol Methods 2020; 280:113876. [PMID: 32353456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important viral zoonotic disease in Asia, especially in rural and suburban areas where rice cultivation and pig farming coexist. Pigs serve as a suitable sentinel model, the surveillance of which could predict a potential JE outbreak in human population in the immediate vicinity. However, existing diagnostics like ELISA and VNT require sophisticated laboratory facilities which are more often not available in field conditions. In the present study, we aimed at developing recombinant non-structural (NS1) protein-based dipstick IgG ELISA as an on-site assay for sero-diagnosis of JE in swine. The assay was standardized by optimizing various parameters and the following conditions were found to be ideal including 1 μg of rNS1 protein in carbonate buffer per strip of nitrocellulose membrane comb; bovine serum albumin as blocking agent at 4 °C overnight; serum dilution of 1:10 and conjugate dilution of 1:5000 in skimmed milk powder. Relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of dipstick IgG ELISA was 100% and 92.9%, respectively. The dipstick assay was validated in three laboratories as per OIE guidelines. The storage life of dipstick was up to 7 months at 4 °C. The assay is easy to perform and the results can be interpreted with visual observation that precludes the need for absorbance reading equipment. The standardized dipstick assay was found promising for screening swine serum samples in field conditions. Timely detection of JE virus in swine will aid in predicting the outbreak in humans and thus in taking suitable preventive and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chauhan
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - H Dhanze
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Chethan Kumar H B
- ICAR - Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, India
| | - M Suman Kumar
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Colombel JF, Chauhan J, Ehrich M, Farinola N, Bassaganya-Riera J. The Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Profile of BT-11, an Oral, Gut-Restricted Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 Agonist Investigational New Drug for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase I Clinical Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:643-652. [PMID: 31077582 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BT-11 is a new oral, gut-restricted, first-in-class investigational drug for Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that targets the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) pathway and immunometabolic mechanisms. Oral BT-11 was assessed for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in normal healthy volunteers (n = 70) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects (n = 70) were randomly assigned to one of five single ascending dose cohorts (up to 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and three multiple ascending dose cohorts [up to 100 mg/kg daily (QD) for seven days, orally]. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event (AE) reporting, vital signs, electrocardiogram, hematology, and clinical chemistry. BT-11 did not increase total or gastrointestinal AE rates, as compared with placebo, and no serious adverse events were observed. Oral BT-11 dosing does not result in any clinically significant findings by biochemistry, coagulation, electrocardiogram, hematology, or urinalysis as compared with placebo. Mean fecal concentrations of BT-11 increased linearly with increasing oral doses, with 2.39 mg/g at 7.7 mg/kg on day 7 of the multiple ascending dose (MAD). Analysis of plasma pharmacokinetics indicates that maximum systemic concentrations are approximately 1/6000th of observed concentrations in feces and the distal gastrointestinal tract. Fecal calprotectin levels were lower in BT-11 treated groups as compared to placebo. BT-11 significantly decreases interferon gamma positive (IFNγ+) and tumor necrosis factor alpha positive (TNFα+) cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) T cells and increases forkhead box P3 positive (FOXP3+) CD4+ T cells in colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with CD and patients with UC at concentrations of 0.01 µM when treated ex vivo. BT-11 treatment is well-tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities up to daily oral doses of 100 mg/kg (16 tablets); whereas the efficacious dose is a single tablet (8 mg/kg). Phase II studies in CD and UC patients are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leber
- Landos Biopharma Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marion Ehrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas Farinola
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sar S, Chauhan J, Sen S. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Hydrazines via Catalytic Iodine in Air: Arylation of Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones. ACS Omega 2020; 5:4213-4222. [PMID: 32149251 PMCID: PMC7057683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arylated building blocks or heterocycles are key to myriad applications, including pharmaceutical drug discovery, materials sciences, and many more. Herein, we have reported a mild and efficient strategy for generation of aryl radicals by reacting appropriate aryl hydrazines with catalytic iodine in open air. The aryl radicals were quenched by diversely substituted 1,4-napthoquinones present in the reaction mixture to afford diversely substituted 2,3-napthoquinones in moderate to excellent yield. Control experiments provided insights into the putative reaction mechanism.
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Saini I, Kumar T, Chauhan J, Kaushik P. Acacia from a Breeding and Biotechnological Perspective: A Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1351-1356. [PMID: 33274861 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1351.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of genus Acacia comprises of trees used as fuelwood, timber and fodder. Moreover, some parts of plants are also used for their therapeutic properties. The development and applications of breeding and biotechnological tools are advancing at a significantly fast rate. Molecular markers and genomics offer vital information with regard to the inherited variation. The aim of this study to complied and discussed the developments in molecular maker technology, genomics and genetic engineering concerning genus Acacia. Overall, this information will be useful to gain awareness about the crucial trees in the genus Acacia from breeding and a biotechnological perspective.
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Bienert C, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. Activation of NLRX1 by NX-13 Alleviates Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Immunometabolic Mechanisms in CD4 + T Cells. J Immunol 2019; 203:3407-3415. [PMID: 31694910 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex autoimmune disease with dysfunction in pattern-recognition responses, including within the NLR family. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat containing X1 (NLRX1) is a unique NLR with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions resulting in protection from IBD in mouse models. NX-13 is an orally active, gut-restricted novel drug candidate that selectively targets and activates the NLRX1 pathway locally in the gut. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of NLRX1 activation by NX-13 was examined. Oral treatment with NX-13 alleviates disease severity, colonic leukocytic infiltration, and cytokine markers of inflammation in three mouse models of IBD (dextran sulfate sodium, Mdr1a-/-, and CD45RBhi adoptive transfer). Treatment of naive CD4+ T cells with NX-13 in vitro decreases differentiation into Th1 and Th17 subsets with increased oxidative phosphorylation and decreased NF-κB activation and reactive oxygen species. With stimulation by PMA/ionomycin, TNF-α, or H2O2, PBMCs from ulcerative colitis patients treated with NX-13 had decreased NF-κB activity, TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and overall production of IL-6, MCP1, and IL-8. NX-13 activates NLRX1 to mediate a resistance to both inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress in mouse models and human primary cells from ulcerative colitis patients with effects on NF-κB activity and oxidative phosphorylation. NX-13 is a promising oral, gut-restricted NLRX1 agonist for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leber
- Landos Biopharma, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060; and.,BioTherapeutics, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Landos Biopharma, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060; and.,BioTherapeutics, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | | | | | | | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Landos Biopharma, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060; and .,BioTherapeutics, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
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Chauhan J, Ravva MK, Sen S. Harnessing Autoxidation of Aldehydes: In Situ Iodoarene Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen. Org Lett 2019; 21:6562-6565. [PMID: 31368711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isobutyraldehyde underwent auto-oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen to generate an acyloxy radical under a "metal-free" environment. They were subsequently exploited in situ to afford hypervalent iodines with p-anisolyl iodide which generated substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in moderate to excellent yields from N'-arylidene acetohydrazides. The reaction strategy tolerated diverse substitution on the hydrazide substrates. Control experiments and literature precedence supported the formation of an in situ iodosylarene complex that facilitates the formation of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar , Uttar Pradesh 201314 , India
| | - Mahesh K Ravva
- Department of Chemistry , SRM University-AP , Amaravati , Andhra Pradesh 522502 , India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar , Uttar Pradesh 201314 , India
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip K. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | | | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522502, India
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Ehrich M, Davis J, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. Nonclinical Toxicology and Toxicokinetic Profile of an Oral Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 (LANCL2) Agonist, BT-11. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:96-109. [PMID: 30791754 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819827509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BT-11 is an orally active, gut-restricted investigational therapeutic targeting the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 pathway with lead indications in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), 2 manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In 5 mouse models of IBD, BT-11 is effective at oral doses of 8 mg/kg. BT-11 was also efficacious at nanomolar concentrations in primary human samples from patients with UC and CD. BT-11 was tested under Good Laboratory Practice conditions in 90-day repeat-dose general toxicity studies in rats and dogs, toxicokinetics, respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system safety pharmacology, and genotoxicity studies. Oral BT-11 did not cause any clinical signs of toxicity, biochemical or hematological changes, or macroscopic or microscopic changes to organs in 90-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and dogs at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/d. Oral BT-11 resulted in low systemic exposure in both rats (area under the curve exposure from t = 0 to t = 8 hours [AUC0-8] of 216 h × ng/mL) and dogs (650 h × ng/mL) and rapid clearance with an average half-life of 3 hours. BT-11 did not induce changes in respiratory function, electrocardiogram parameters, or behavior with single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg/d. There was no evidence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential for BT-11 up to tested limit doses using an Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, or micronucleus assay in rats. Therefore, nonclinical studies show BT-11 to be a safe and well-tolerated oral therapeutic with potential as a potent immunometabolic therapy for UC and CD with no-observed adverse effect level >1,000 mg/kg in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marion Ehrich
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. Oral Treatment with BT-11 Ameliorates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Enhancing Regulatory T Cell Responses in the Gut. J Immunol 2019; 202:2095-2104. [PMID: 30760618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an expanding autoimmune disease afflicting millions that remains difficult to treat due to the accumulation of multiple immunological changes. BT-11 is an investigational new drug for IBD that is orally active, gut restricted, and targets the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 immunometabolic pathway. CD25+ FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells are increased locally within the colon of BT-11-treated mice in Citrobacter rodentium and IL-10-/- mouse models of colitis. The maintained efficacy of BT-11 in the absence of IL-10 combined with the loss of efficacy when direct cell-cell interactions are prevented suggest that the regulatory T cell (Treg)-related elements of suppression are cell contact-mediated. When PD-1 is inhibited, both in vitro and in vivo, the efficacy of BT-11 is reduced, validating this assertion. The depletion of CD25+ cells in vivo abrogated the retention of therapeutic efficacy postdiscontinuation of treatment, indicating that Tregs are implicated in the maintenance of tolerance mediated by BT-11. Furthermore, the involvement of CD25 suggested a role of BT-11 in IL-2 signaling. Cotreatment with BT-11 and IL-2 greatly enhances the differentiation of CD25+ FOXP3+ cells from naive CD4+ T cells relative to either alone. BT-11 enhances phosphorylation of STAT5, providing a direct linkage to the regulation of FOXP3 transcription. Notably, when STAT5 is inhibited, the effects of BT-11 on the differentiation of Tregs are blocked. BT-11 effectively enhances the IL-2/STAT5 signaling axis to induce the differentiation and stability of CD25+ FOXP3+ cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa to support immunoregulation and immunological tolerance in IBD.
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Chauhan J, Dasgupta M, Luthra T, Awasthi A, Tripathy S, Banerjee A, Paul S, Nag D, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti G, Sen S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel library of antimitotic C2-aroyl/arylimino tryptamine derivatives that are also potent inhibitors of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:249-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chauhan J, Luthra T, Sen S. Iodine-Catalyzed Metal-Free Oxidative Ring Opening of 1-Aryltetrahydro-β-carbolines: Facile Synthesis of C-2 Aroyl and Aryl Methanimino Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry; School of Natural Sciences; Shiv Nadar University; 201314 Chithera, Dadri Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tania Luthra
- Department of Chemistry; School of Natural Sciences; Shiv Nadar University; 201314 Chithera, Dadri Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry; School of Natural Sciences; Shiv Nadar University; 201314 Chithera, Dadri Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh India
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Bathula C, Roma-Rodrigues C, Chauhan J, Fernandes AR, Sen S. Synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-indolo[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolones via intramolecular oxidative ring rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines and their biological evaluation. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydro-1H-indolo[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolones are synthesized via a unique intramolecular oxidative ring rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Bathula
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Caparica
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Caparica
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
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Pantawane PB, Dhanze H, Verma MR, Singh G, Kapdi A, Chauhan J, Bhilegaonkar KN. Seasonal occurrence of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2017; 54:270-276. [PMID: 29097643 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.217619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most common causes of acute encephalitis syndrome in many states of India. Uttar Pradesh state is well known for JE endemicity, contributing 75% of total cases during recent past. Several sporadic cases have been reported from Bareilly region of the state. The disease spread by bite of Culex mosquito. Survey of literature revealed no data on mosquito fauna with reference to JE in this region. Therefore, this study was planned to survey seasonal mosquito population and occurrence of JE vectors in Bareilly region. METHODS Mosquitoes were sampled on monthly basis from organized pig farm from February 2016 to January 2017 and identified using mosquito identification keys. The meteorological parameters of the area were obtained monthly and standard statistical methods were used to assess the relationship between different weather variables and mosquito population. RESULTS A total of 4337 mosquitoes belonging to five genera were collected. Mosquitoes of genus Culex were predominant and contributed 84.41% to the total catch. The most dominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (30.81%), followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus (28.50%), Cx. gelidus (17.24%), Cx. pseudovishnui (11.85%), Cx. vishnui (8.11%), Cx. fuscocephala (2.70%), Cx. infula (0.76%) and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (0.03%). Pronounced seasonal variation was observed with majority of mosquitoes showing high density in monsoon and post-monsoon period. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The present study provides knowledge on distribution of JE vector in Bareilly which indicates that the area is at risk of JE outbreak. Abundance of Culex vector clearly demarcates possible threat of JE incidence in the study area. A long-term entomological study is needed to further evaluate the significant role of different weather variables in shaping mosquito densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Pantawane
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - H Dhanze
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A Kapdi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - J Chauhan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - K N Bhilegaonkar
- Training and Education Centre, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Pune, India
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Chauhan J, Luthra T, Gundla R, Ferraro A, Holzgrabe U, Sen S. A diversity oriented synthesis of natural product inspired molecular libraries. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9108-9120. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diversity oriented synthesis of natural product inspired compounds from S-tryptophan methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
| | - Tania Luthra
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry
- Gitam Institute of Technology
- GITAM University
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Antonio Ferraro
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- Germany
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- GautamBudh Nagar
- India
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Jones GE, Singletary JH, Cashmore A, Jain V, Abhulimhen J, Chauhan J, Musson HV, Barwell JG. Developing and assessing the utility of a You-Tube based clinical genetics video channel for families affected by inherited tumours. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:351-5. [PMID: 26753801 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and implemented the first worldwide You Tube channel with 22 videos covering common questions asked in familial cancer susceptibility clinics. We discuss the use of the videos including demographics of registered You Tube users, and what lessons have been learnt about how the general public uses medical information online. The most popular video on inheritance patterns has been watched on average 84 times per month. The mostly highly viewed videos include inheritance patterns, breast cancer screening and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Registered viewers were more commonly male and the average age of the registered user was 45-54 years; similar to that seen in Genetics Clinics suggesting that age may not be a major barrier to access to this type of information for patients. The videos have been viewed in more than 140 countries confirming that there is clearly an audience for this type of information. Patient feedback questionnaires indicate that these videos provide a useful aide memoir for the clinic appointment, and most people would recommend them to others. In summary, You Tube videos are easy and cost effective to make. They have the ability to disseminate genetics education to a worldwide audience and may be a useful adjunct to clinical appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Jones
- Leicester Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.
| | - J H Singletary
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A Cashmore
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - V Jain
- Leicester Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - J Abhulimhen
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J Chauhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - H V Musson
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J G Barwell
- Leicester Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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