One-pot synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones catalyzed by N-halosulfonamides under solvent-free conditions

Sb(iii)/Gum Arabic composite as a new natural-based environmentally green catalyst for the one-pot pseudo-four-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazinetriones

Sb(iii)-Gum Arabic composite as a unique natural-based and nontoxic catalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, ICP, BET, EDX and mapping. A four-component reaction of phthalic anhydride, hydrazinium hydroxide, aldehyde, and dimedone has been carried out in the presence of Sb(iii)/Gum Arabic composite to synthesise 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazine triones. The advantages of the present protocol are the appropriate reaction times, eco-friendly nature and high yields.

Ag NPs supported chitosan-agarose modified Fe3O4 nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazines and anticancer studies against liver and lung cancer cells

In this article we report a novel Ag NPs fabricated chitosan-agarose composite functionalized core-shell type Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle (Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄). The biogenic material was analyzed over a number of physicochemical methods like, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, VSM and ICP-OES. In catalytic exploration we aimed the synthesis of diverse 2H-indazolo0-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives via one-pot three component coupling of phathalalhydrazide, dimedone and different aldehydes. It afforded good to excellent yields under solvent-less conditions. Robustness of the catalyst was justified by catalyst recyclability for consecutive 10 times, hot filtration and leaching tests. Again, biological activity of the material was evaluated by studying the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties over lung and liver cancer cell lines. Antioxidant potential of Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging studies and the corresponding IC50 was found to be 96.57 μg/mL. Liver and lung cancer studies over Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ was carried out by MTT assay against HepG2 and A549 cell lines. The corresponding IC50 values were found as 192.35 and 365.28 μg/mL respectively. % Cell viability of the nanomaterial decreased dose dependently over both the cell lines without any cytotoxicity on normal cell line. The results demonstrates Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite to be an efficient chemotherapeutic drug against the lung and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Preparation, characterization, and use of novel Cu@Fe3O4 MNPs in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(2H)-ones and 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones under solvent-free conditions

Cu@Fe₃O₄ MNPs as novel nanomagnetic reagents were prepared to investigate their catalytic behavior in the preparation of tetrahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(2H)-ones, as important biologically active compounds. Then, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using different methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All reactions were performed with small amounts of the Cu@Fe₃O₄ MNPs under solvent-free conditions. After completion of the reaction, because of the magnetic nature of the nanocatalyst, they could be simply separated with an external magnet and easily reused with no considerable decrease in the catalytic behavior even after seven runs.

A new efficient domino approach for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-phthalazine-diones. Antiradical activity of novel phenolic products

Pyrazolyl-phthalazine-dione derivatives (PPDs) were synthetized in the ionic liquid catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reaction of acetylacetone, 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, and different aldehydes in moderate to good yields. Six new PPDs were obtained, and the crystal structure of 2-acetyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione (PPD-4) was determined. The most interesting structural features of the novel PPD-4 is the formation of a rather short intermolecular distance between the F atom of one molecule and the midpoint of the neighbouring six-membered heterocyclic ring. This interaction arranges all molecules into parallel supramolecular chains. UV-Vis spectra of all PPDs were acquired and compared to the simulated ones obtained with TD-DFT. All synthetized compounds were subjected to evaluation of their in vitro antioxidative activity using a stable DPPH radical. It was shown that PPD-7, with a catechol motive, is the most active antioxidant, while PPD-9, with two neighbouring methoxy groups to the phenolic OH, exerted a somewhat lower, but significant antioxidative potential. The results of DFT thermodynamical study are in agreement with experimental findings that PPD-7 and PPD-9 should be considered as powerful radical scavengers. In addition, the obtained theoretical results (bond dissociation and proton abstraction energies) specify SPLET as a prevailing radical scavenging mechanism in polar solvents, and HAT in solvents with lower polarity. On the other hand, the obtained reaction enthalpies for inactivation of free radicals suggest competition between HAT and SPLET mechanisms, except in the case of the ˙OH radical in polar solvents, where HAT is labeled as prefered.

An efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-phthalazine-diones was developed. New phenolic compounds exerted good to excellent antioxidative activity.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni(ii)–Vanillin–Schiff base–MCM-41 composite as an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for multicomponent reactions

Ni(ii)–Vanillin–Schiff base–MCM-41 has been synthesized and characterized by XRD, TGA, BET, EDS, SEM, ICP-OES, TEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. This nanostructural catalyst has been applied for multicomponent reactions.

Solvent-free synthesis of triazines using N-halosulfonamides

We have developed an efficient procedure for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives using [TBBDA] and [PBBS] as new catalysts.

SO3H-functionalized mesoporous silica materials as solid acid catalyst for facile and solvent-free synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives

SO₃H-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were used to synthesize 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives in a one-pot three-component condensation reaction.

A new inorganic–organic hybrid material Al-SBA-15-TPI/H6P2W18O62 catalyzed one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones

Al-SBA-15-TPI/H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂ is introduced as an effective catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of indazolo-phthalazine-triones. The catalyst could be easily separated without noticeable reduction in activity.

Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA): an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in green organic synthesis

Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) as a highly efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst catalyzes various organic transformations.

A mesoporous SBA-15 silica catalyst functionalized with phenylsulfonic acid groups (SBA-15-Ph-SO3H) as a novel hydrophobic nanoreactor solid acid catalyst for a one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones

Phenyl sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica was prepared through the silanization of activated mesoporous SBA-15 with diphenyldichlorosilane followed by silylation and sulfonation.